ANNEXES 4 Sous La Direction De : Mme Élisabeth CROUZET-PAVAN Professeur, Université Paris-Sorbonne M

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ANNEXES 4 Sous La Direction De : Mme Élisabeth CROUZET-PAVAN Professeur, Université Paris-Sorbonne M UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SORBONNE UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI FIRENZE ÉCOLE DOCTORALE I Centre Roland Mousnier (UMR 8596) T H È S E pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ PARIS-SORBONNE Histoire du Moyen Âge Présentée et soutenue par : Jean-Baptiste DELZANT le : 7 décembre 2013 Magnificus dominus. Pouvoir, art et culture dans les seigneuries d’Italie centrale à la fin du Moyen Âge ANNEXES 4 Sous la direction de : Mme Élisabeth CROUZET-PAVAN Professeur, Université Paris-Sorbonne M. Jean-Claude MAIRE VIGUEUR Professore ordinario, Università di Roma Tre JURY : M. Patrick BOUCHERON Professeur, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne. Président du jury M. Sandro CAROCCI Professore ordinario, Università di Roma « Tor Vergata » M. François MENANT Professeur, École normale supérieure M. Andrea ZORZI Professore ordinario, Università degli Studi di Firenze Table Illustrations Foligno et ses alentours Foligno, croquis de la ville ill. 86 Foligno, plans, dessins, croquis du palais Trinci et de son environnement ill. 87-90 Foligno, ex conce Bartocci, un détail ill. 91 Foligno, la loggia nuova ill. 92-100 Foligno, palais Trinci Première décoration ill. 101-103 Bas-relief des putti au carquois ill. 104 Loggia de Romulus ill. 105-110 Salle des Imperatores ill. 111-114 Salle des roses ill. 115 Salle des roses : murs peints et inspirations sculptées ill. 116-124 Corridor ill. 125-130 Territoire de Foligno, abbaye de Sassovivo, frises et emblèmes ill. 131-133 Montefalco, église San Francesco, tapisserie d’emblèmes ill. 134-135 Autres décorations citées Corneto-Tarquinia, palais Vitelleschi ill. 136 Milan, castello sforzesco ill. 137 Illustrations Note : sauf indication contraire, les photographies sont de l’auteur. Foligno et ses alentours. Ill. 86 : croquis de Foligno à la fin du Moyen Age. DAO réalisé par E. NICOUD d’après les croquis de K. SCHUBRING, « Foligno e le sue mura civiche », BSCF, vol. XVII, 1993, fig. 2-4, p. 17-18. Foligno, plans, dessins, croquis du palais Trinci et de son environnement. e Ill. 87 : le palais Trinci dans son environnement du XXI siècle. Planimétire tirée de BENAZZI et MANCINI (dir.), Il Palazzo Trinci, op. cit., p. 175. Ill. 88 : coupe (façade donnant sur la place Vieille). Au deuxième étage : avec la hotte de cheminée : salle des Imperatores ; à l’extrémité droite : salles des roses. Tiré de Lametti, « Palazzo Trinci », dans Signorie in Umbria, op. cit., vol. II, table 5. Ill. 89 : plan du deuxième étage. Tiré de Lametti, « Palazzo Trinci », dans Signorie in Umbria, op. cit., vol. II, table 4. Ill. 90 : Edmond Du Sommerard (1817-1885), Vue de la place et de l’église de Foligno, A gauche, le palais Trinci avant l’élévation de la façade néo-classique (1842-1847) ; au centre, le pont ; à droite, la façade occidentale de Saint-Félicien. BCFol, technique non précisée, 1840. Foligno, ex conce Bartocci, un détail. Ill. 91 : décoration murale avec quadrilobes, rosaces, rinceaux et corniche en trompe-l’œil. e e Premier étage, fin XIV siècle - début du XV siècle ( ?) e Foligno, la loggia nuova (décoration du début du XV siècle). Ill. 92 : le palazzetto et la loggia nuova. BCFol, dessin anonyme. Ill. 93 : de haut en bas, les vertus cardinales, les supports des têtes sculptées et le moto peint des Trinci. (photographie prise en novembre 2010). Ill. 94 : vue intérieure (à gauche, mur Est ; au centre, mur Sud ; à droite, mur Ouest). (photographie prise en novembre 2010). Ill. 95 : la Charité et la Concorde en trône ; scène de chasse. Mur Est. Ill. 96 : scène de combat aux poings évoquant la discorde. Mur Est. Ill. 97 : scènes de chasse. Mur Est. Ill. 98 : personnage couronné de feuillages et portant une discipline. Mur Ouest. Ill. 99 : deux sonneurs de trompe en haut de tours. Mur Ouest. Ill. 100 : ville en flammes. Mur Nord. Foligno, palais Trinci. e e Première décoration peinte (fin XIV – début XV siècle). Ill. 101 : escalier gothique. Palier donnant sur le premier étage. Ill. 102 : escalier gothique. Décoration géométrique d’une des voûtes à croisée. Ill. 103 : salle du premier étage, ornementation murale. (photographie prise en janvier 2009). Bas-relief des putti au carquois. Ill. 104 : deux putti portant un carquois. Bas-relief antique. Anciennement : Foligno, palais Trinci, mur extérieur de la chapelle ? Aujourd’hui : Rome, villa Ludovisi-Boncompagni, véranda. Foligno, palais Trinci, loggia de Romulus (v. 1410). Ill. 105 : vue d’ensemble (à gauche, mur Nord ; à droite, mur Est). (d’après une carte postale.) Ill. 106 : dans le temple de Vestale, l’étreinte de Mars et d’Ilia/Rhéa Silvia. Mur Nord. Ill. 107 : dans la frise supérieure, l’emblème des Trinci (cimier de tête de cheval). Mur Est. Ill. 108 : dans la lunette, Ilia/Rhéa Silvia est enterrée vive ; à droite, encastré, bas-relief antique d’Hermès. Mur Est. Ill. 109 : exécution d’Ilia/Rhéa Silvia, détail des chevaliers assistant à la scène. Mur Est. Ill. 110 : Romulus et Rémus couronnent Numitor qu’ils ont rétabli sur le trône. Mur Sud. Foligno, palais Trinci, salle des Imperatores (v. 1410). Ill. 111 : vue d’ensemble (côté gauche, mur Nord ; côté droit, mur Est). (photographie prise en janvier 2009). Ill. 112 : architecture en trompe-l’œil, Marcus Cassius Scaeva, frise avec la devise « f[ides] a[diuvat] ». Mur Est. Ill. 113 : Tibère et Marcus Furius Camillus. Mur Nord. Ill. 114 : le manteau de Manius Curius Dentatus passe devant la colonnade. Mur Nord. Foligno, palais Trinci, salle des roses (v. 1410). Ill. 115 : les Arts libéraux et la Philosophie en trône. Au centre : mur Nord. Foligno, palais Trinci, salle des roses : murs peints et inspirations sculptées. Ill. 116: la Grammaire (mur Est). (tiré de BENAZZI et MANCINI (dir.), Il Palazzo Trinci, op. cit.) Ill. 117 : la Grammaire. Pérouse, Fontaine Majeure, Nicola et Giovanni Pisano, vers 1275. Ill. 118: la Musique (mur Est). (tiré de BENAZZI et MANCINI (dir.), Il Palazzo Trinci, op. cit.) Ill. 119 : la Musique. Pérouse, Fontaine Majeure, Nicola et Giovanni Pisano, vers 1275. Ill. 120 : L’Arithmétique (mur Ouest). (tiré de BENAZZI et MANCINI (dir.), Il Palazzo Trinci, op. cit.) Ill. 121: l’Arithmétique. Pérouse, Fontaine Majeure, Nicola et Giovanni Pisano, vers 1275. Ill. 122 : le Soleil-dimanche et son quadrige ; dans le tondo : la Veillesse. Mur Ouest. Ill. 123 : quadrige dans le Circus Maximus. e e Bas-relief, devant de sarcophage romain, II -III siècle ap. J.-C. Foligno, Museo Palazzo Trinci. Ill. 124 : l’Adolescence et, dans la couronne, l’heure de midi. Angle des murs Sud (à gauche) et Ouest (à droite). Foligno, palais Trinci, le corridor (v. 1400-1410). Ill. 125 : vue depuis l’accès Ouest, du côté du palais (à gauche, mur Nord avec les Sept âges de la vie recouverts par les Neuf Preux ; à droite, mur Sud avec la 2e version des Sept âges de la vie). (photographie prise en novembre 2010). Ill. 126 : Oiseau en cage entre Romulus et Scipion l’Africain (en dessous, reste du 1er cycle : l’Enfance). Mur Nord. Ill. 127 : l’Adolescence et la Jeunesse, 1er cycle des Ages de la vie par Giovanni di Corraduccio et son atelier. Mur Nord. Ill. 128 : l’Adolescence (détail). 2e cycle des Ages de la vie par une équipe de Gentile da Fabriano. Mur Sud. Ill. 129 : la Jeunesse (détail). 2e cycle des Ages de la vie par une équipe de Gentile da Fabriano. Mur Sud. Ill. 130 : lettré lisant. Equipe de Gentile da Fabriano. Mur Est (au-dessus de la porte donnant vers la cathédrale). Territoire de Foligno, abbaye de Sassovivo, frises et emblèmes e e (fin XIV - début XV siècle). Ill. 131 : frise avec les armes des Orsini da Pitigliano (à gauche) et des Trinci (à droite). (photographie prise en janvier 2009). Ill. 132 : frise avec les armes des da Varano (dans la continuité de l’ill. 131, sur sa droite). Ill. 133 : frise avec décor géométrique, rinceaux et emblème des Trinci. e Montefalco, église San Francesco, tapisserie d’emblèmes (première moitié du XV siècle). Ill. 134 : mur avec tapisserie en trompe-l’oeil aux emblèmes des Trinci. (photographie prise en janvier 2009). Ill. 135 : devise « f[ides] a[diuvat] » et emblème (casque à cimier et écu avec têtes de chevaux) des Trinci. Détail de l’ill. 135. Autres décorations citées. Ill. 136 : Deux scènes de l’Histoire de Lucrèce et allégorie en trône de la Prudence. Tarquinia (ex Corneto), palais Vitelleschi, antecapella, fin des années 1430. Ill. 137 : vue de la sala dei ducali, avec les armes de Galeazzo Maria Sforza et de Ludovic le More. Milan, castello sforzesco (photographie prise en mai 2009). Résumé en français e e Aux XIV et XV siècles, la plupart des villes d’Italie centrale expérimente des gouvernements seigneuriaux. Camerino passe sous la domination des da Varano, Fabriano des Chiavelli et Foligno des Trinci. Ces familles obtiennent de la commune la reconnaissance de leur pouvoir et du pape d’importantes délégations d’autorité. A côté de ces piliers de leur légitimité, elles en construisent un troisième ne dépendant que d’elles-mêmes. Le pouvoir devient dynastique, il repose sur des qualités individuelles et familiales. Les seigneuries développent une véritable politique de communication. L’urbanisme, l’architecture, la peinture mais aussi la littérature sont les médias principaux qu’elles utilisent pour élaborer l’image de bons dirigeants. Cette dernière est d’abord étudiée, ici, à partir des peintures murales des résidences familiales. De telles réalisations ne sont pas le reflet déformé d’une domination, elles sont des actes de gouvernement qui contribuent au bien commun et à l’honneur de la ville. Elles sont encore un instrument de renommée et l’expression de vertus singulières, telle la magnificence, qui justifient le pouvoir personnel. La commande artistique place la famille dominante au cœur de l’histoire de la ville.
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