Fourth Meeting of the Parties Bucharest, 19-21 May 2008
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Political, Diplomatic and Military Aspects of Romania's Participation in the First World War
Volume XXI 2018 ISSUE no.2 MBNA Publishing House Constanta 2018 SBNA PAPER OPEN ACCESS Political, diplomatic and military aspects of romania's participation in the first world war To cite this article: M. Zidaru, Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy, Vol. XXI 2018, pg. 202-212. Available online at www.anmb.ro ISSN: 2392-8956; ISSN-L: 1454-864X doi: 10.21279/1454-864X-18-I2-026 SBNA© 2018. This work is licensed under the CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 License Political, diplomatic and military aspects of romania's participation in the first world war M. Zidaru1 1Romanian Society of Historian. Constanta Branch Abstract: Although linked to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by a secret alliance treaty in 1883, Romania chose to declare itself neutral at the outbreak of hostilities in July 1914, relying on the interpretation of the "casus foederis" clauses. The army was in 1914 -1915 completely unprepared for such a war, public opinion, although pro-Entente in most of it, was not ready for this kind of war, and Ion I. C. Bratianu was convinced that he had to obtain a written assurance from the Russian Empire in view of his father's unpleasant experience from 1877-1878. This article analyze the political and military decisions after Romania entry in Great War. Although linked to the Austro-Hungarian Empire by a secret alliance treaty in 1883, Romania chose to declare itself neutral at the outbreak of hostilities in July 1914, relying on the interpretation of the "casus foederis" clauses. In the south, Romania has three major strategic interests in this region: - defense of the long Danubian border and the land border between the Danube and the Black Sea; - the keep open of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles, through which 90% of the Romanian trade were made; - avoiding the isolation or political encirclement of Romania by keeping open the Thessaloniki-Nis- Danube communication, preventing its blocking as a result of local conflicts or taking over under strict control by one of the great powers in the region[1]. -
Nicolae Iorga
Ediţie îngrijită, introducere şi note de Andrei Pippidi Redactor: Marieva Ionescu Coperta: Ioana Nedelcu Tehnoredactor: Manuela Măxineanu DTP: Andreea Dobreci, Dan Dulgheru Tipărit la Monitorul Oficial R.A. © HUMANITAS, 2019 Descrierea CIP a Bibliotecii Naţionale a României Iorga, Nicolae Jurnalul ultimilor ani: 1938–1940. Inedit / N. Iorga; ed. îngrij., introd. şi note de Andrei Pippidi. – Bucureşti: Humanitas, 2019 ISBN 978‑973‑50‑6422‑8 I. Pippidi, Andrei (ed., pref., note) 821.135.1 94 EDITURA HUMANITAS Piaţa Presei Libere 1, 013701 Bucureşti, România tel. 021/408 83 50, fax 021/408 83 51 www.humanitas.ro Comenzi online: www.libhumanitas.ro Comenzi prin e‑mail: [email protected] Comenzi telefonice: 021/311 23 30 transcrieri fonetice şi norme practice pentru lectura jurnalului Grafia lui N. Iorga este cunoscută din textele publicate în tim‑ pul vieţii sale, în general sub supravegherea sa. Ulterior, în numeroase cazuri, s‑a procedat la adaptarea după ortografia oficială modernă. Mi s‑a părut necesară respectarea întocmai a manuscrisului, tipărit aici pentru prima oară, cu particulari‑ tăţi care ţin de perioada istorică în care s‑a format grafia auto‑ rului, deci anii din jurul lui 1890, după cum se poate constata şi în autografe ale sale care nu erau destinate tiparului (scrisori personale, de familie). Aşadar persistă până la sfârşitul vieţii unele forme dialectale moldoveneşti (mâni sau mâne = mâine, amiezi = amiază) sau o pronunţie păstrată din secolul al XIX‑lea, ca diferenţa la pronumele relativ între sg. care şi pl. cari, supt = sub, aceia = aceea, ceia ce = ceea ce, aceiaşi = aceeaşi. Din aceeași epocă datează numele lunilor anului: decembre, novem‑ bre, octombre, septembre, sau mart, april. -
Omanian Diplomats in the Scandinavian Countries R (1916-1947)
Revista Română de Studii Baltice și Nordice / The Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies, ISSN 2067-1725, Vol. 6, Issue 2 (2014): pp. 147-167 OMANIAN DIPLOMATS IN THE SCANDINAVIAN COUNTRIES R (1916-1947) Adrian Vițalaru ‘Alexandru Ioan Cuza’ University of Iassy, Faculty of History, E-mail: [email protected] Acknowledgements This paper is based on the presentation made at the Fifth international conference on Baltic and Nordic Studies in Romania A piece of culture, a culture of peace, re-imaging European communities in the North Sea, Baltic Sea and Black Sea regions, hosted by Valahia University of Târgovişte and the Romanian Association for Baltic and Nordic Studies, August 17-19, 2014. Supported by EEA Grants, contract no 4/22.07.2014. This work was cofinaced from the European Social Fund through Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development 2007-2013, project number POSDRU/159/1.5/S/140863, Competitive Researchers in Europe in the Field of Humanities and Socio-Economic Sciences. A Multi-regional Research Network. Abstract: The main object of the present paper is to introduce the diplomats sent to represent the Romanian state in Stockholm, Copenhagen, Helsinki and Oslo, as heads of diplomatic missions. Did they have professional or human connections with the Nordic states? Were they moved from one legation in the Scandinavian world to another? In other words, were they specialists in Scandinavian matters? Were the Nordic states a professional attraction /a trampoline in the career of Romanian diplomats or were they `quiet` diplomatic missions, marginal in importance, less attractive to diplomats? In my attempt to provide an answer to these questions I found that most of those who took turns as head of legation in the Scandinavian countries had not previously been trained at the same missions. -
George G. Potra, Nicolae Titulescu. Arhive Pierdute. Dosarul Unei
Recenzii. Note – Reviews, Notes 133 George G. Potra, Nicolae Titulescu. Arhive pierdute. Dosarul unei recuperări, Centrul Cultural “Lucian Blaga” – Sebeş, Fundaţia Culturală “Lucian Blaga” – Sebeş, 2015, 600 p. + 209 ilustraţii The archives are some of the main repositories of information we appeal to as individuals, as a community or people. They represent a form of memory we go to for long term research or for immediate interests. We check almost on a daily basis their role and importance in society. Taking the risk of a reproof for exaggerating, I state that in any historical evocation, in any contemporary evaluation and in any future project, we cannot ignore data and ideas kept in archives as premises of any material or spiritual construction. As an institution, the archives in Romania identify their act of birth 170 years ago. The explanation for this tardive reality is to be found in both objective and subjective factors, which have been rigorously identified and analyzed by the historians of the Romanian archives. I am in a rush to underline that, despite all legal regulations, of the stage corrections, administrative, economic and financial measures to consolidate their structures and functionality, under the sign of organicity and efficiency, the institution of the archives has recorded in Romania serious dysfunctions and grave accidents (during war or calamities). With each of these, the informational content of Romanian archives has been affected. The subsequent efforts – no matter how consistent or well-intended – could only reconstruct and restore in a fragmentary and uncertain manner the segments of local and even national history – economic, ethnic, confessional, cultural a.s.o. -
Gheorghe G. Mironescu Şi Actul Unirii De La 1918
GHEORGHE G. MIRONESCU ŞI ACTUL UNIRII DE LA 1918 ∗ Mihai-Cristian ŞELARU Key words: Gheorghe Gh. Mironescu, the Union Event, Romanian people, Carpathian mountains „Adunarea Naţională a tuturor Românilor din Transilvania, Banat şi Ţara Ungurească, adunaţi prin reprezentanţii lor îndreptăţiţi la Alba- Iulia în ziua de 18 Noembrie/1 Decembrie 1918, decretează unirea acelor Români şi a tuturor teritoriilor locuite de dânşii cu România. Adunarea Naţională proclamă îndeosebi dreptul inalienabil al naţiunii române la întreg Banatul cuprins între râurile Mureş, Tisa şi Dunăre”. (Articolul I din Rezoluţiunea Adunării Naţionale de la Alba Iulia din 18 noiembrie/1 decembrie 1918 ) Realizarea unităţii naţionale „chestiune de viaţă şi de moarte pentru poporul român”1 a constituit pentru noi, încă din vremea cronicarilor, o necesitate istorică, un ideal în slujba căruia şi- au închinat viaţa multe generaţii de cărturari şi politicieni. Economia lucrării nu ne impune să urmărim în decursul istoriei noastre etapele înfăptuirii unităţii naţionale, ci să ne raportăm rezultatele cercetării la momentul „desăvârşirii unităţii naţionale” înfăptuit „la sfârşitul Primului Război Mondial”, desăvârşire care reprezintă „un moment crucial în istoria românilor”2. Logica momentului cere aducerea în prim-plan a lui Gheorghe G. Mironescu alături de ceilalţi fruntaşi precum Iuliu Maniu, Alexandru Vaida-Voevod, Octavian Goga, George Moroianu, Simion Mândrescu, Take Ionescu, Nicolae Iorga, Dumitru Drăghicescu, Nicolae Titulescu, Elena Văcărescu, Ion I. C. Brătianu, Constantin Stere care au dus flacăra unirii cu patria-mumă a tuturor românilor din toate provinciile istorice româneşti: Banatul, Basarabia, Bucovina, Dobrogea şi Transilvania. Pentru Gheorghe G. Mironescu „Alba Iulia a fost încoronarea unei opere grele şi îndelungate [...] rezultatul final al unei lupte multi-seculare, pe care bravul popor transilvan a dus-o cu îndârjire sub conducerea vrednicilor lor şefi”3, „Alba Iulia, templu sfânt, unde să ne reculegem şi să ne regăsim în unitatea noastră de neam şi în trăirea noastră de suflet”4. -
Cabinet Formation and Dismissal in Interwar Romania Mihai Ghiţulescu
RSP • No. 48 • 2015: 78-87 R S P ORIGINAL PAPER The Impossible Parliamentary Government: Cabinet Formation and Dismissal in Interwar Romania Mihai Ghiţulescu* Abstract We talk nowadays increasingly more about the “democratic traditions of the Romanian people”. Who knows these traditions? Even a quick foray into the Romanian institutional history shows that they do not exist. The interwar period was neither a golden age of the Romanian democracy, nor its inferno. Romania never reached a real parliamentary or representative government but it largely kept up its appearances. In terms of political democracy, Romania's situation was worse than today, but not the worst in those circumstances. That is what we try to prove here, reviewing the Romanian constitutional texts as well as the Romanian political practices. Our motto is: “A knowledge of these things guards as, at any rate, from the illusion, for illusion it must be termed, that modern constitutional freedom has been established by an astounding method of retrogressive progress” (Dicey, 1889: 17). Keywords: Romania, government, cabinet, king, parliament * Lecturer, Ph.D., University of Craiova, Faculty of Social Sciences, Craiova, Phone: 0040745391441, Email: [email protected]. 78 The Impossible Parliamentary Government: Cabinet Formation and Dismissal ... Since the Romanian Constitution contains, even in its first article, a reference to the “democratic traditions of the Romanian people”, we should revisit of the only pre- 1989 period that can be labeled as “democratic” to see how was it “democratic”. Moreover, because “democracy” is a vague and abstract concept, we focus here on the part of its fundamental conditions in any monarchical regime: dependence of Parliament. -
Repartiția Pe Săli
Repartiția pe săli Colegiul Național Militar„Dimitrie Cantemir” Nume clsUnitatea Localitatea Sala Aluculesi Andru Casian VI Școala Internaționala Spectrum Ploieşti XI A etaj I Andronie Răzvan VI Şcoala Gimnazială Nr. 7 Reșița XI A etaj I Arseniu Victor Ștefan VI Școala Gimnazială „Mircea cel Bătrân” Pitești XI A etaj I Avram Alexandru Gabriel VI Școala Gimnazială „Spiru Haret” Dorohoi XI A etaj I Balaur Victor Andrei VI Liceul Teoretic „Ovidius” Constanța XI A etaj I Bălăceanu Theodor Vlad VI Școala Gimnazială „George Emil Palade” Buzău XI A etaj I Bedea Călin-Lucian VI Școala Gimnazială „Andrei Șaguna” Deva XI A etaj I Berea George Alexandru VI Colegiul Naţional „Petru Rareş” Piatra Neamţ XI A etaj I Bîlă Alexandru Mihai VI Școala Gimnazială „Ion Pillat” Pitești XI A etaj I Bodrogean Andrei Marius VI Colegiul Național „Moise Nicoară” Arad XI A etaj I Bucur Mihnea VI Colegiul Național „Samuel von Brukenthal” Sibiu XI A etaj I Burcă Paul VI Școala Gimnazială Nr. 1 Vatra Dornei XI A etaj I Burghelea Radu Theodor VI Colegiul Național „Gheorghe Vrănceanu” Bacău XI A etaj I Buta Pavel VI Colegiul Național „Gheorghe Lazăr” Sibiu XI A etaj I Cadîr Selim Halil VI Liceul Teoretic Internaţional de Informatică București XI B etaj I Calotă Alexia Theodora VI Colegiul Național „Ion Maiorescu” Giurgiu XI B etaj I Calotă Anca Maria VI Şcoala Gimnazială „Mihai Viteazul” Alexandria XI B etaj I Carasel Vlad VI Colegiul Naţional de Informatică „Tudor Vianu” București XI B etaj I Cărbunescu Georgiana Elena VI Colegiul Național „Spiru Haret” Târgu Jiu XI B etaj I Chiriță Andrei VI Şcoala Gimnazială Terraveda Craiova XI B etaj I Chivu Răzvan VI Şcoala Gimnazială „I. -
Arhive Personale Şi Familiale
Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. 1 Repertoriu arhivistic 2 ISBN 973-8308-04-6 3 ARHIVELE NAŢIONALE ALE ROMÂNIEI Arhive personale şi familiale Vol. I Repertoriu arhivistic Autor: Filofteia Rînziş Bucureşti 2001 4 • Redactor: Ioana Alexandra Negreanu • Au colaborat: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici, Anuţa Bichir • Indici de arhive, antroponimic, toponimic: Florica Bucur, Nataşa Popovici • Traducere: Margareta Mihaela Chiva • Culegere computerizată: Filofteia Rînziş • Tehnoredactare şi corectură: Nicoleta Borcea, Otilia Biton • Coperta: Filofteia Rînziş • Coperta 1: Alexandru Marghiloman, Alexandra Ghica Ion C. Brătianu, Alexandrina Gr. Cantacuzino • Coperta 4: Constantin Argetoianu, Nicolae Iorga Sinaia, iulie 1931 Cartea a apărut cu sprijinul Ministerului Culturii şi Cultelor 5 CUPRINS Introducere……………………………….7 Résumé …………………………………..24 Lista abrevierilor ……………………….29 Arhive personale şi familiale……………30 Bibliografie…………………………….298 Indice de arhive………………………...304 Indice antroponimic……………………313 Indice toponimic……………………….356 6 INTRODUCERE „…avem marea datorie să dăm şi noi arhivelor noastre întreaga atenţie ce o merită, să adunăm şi să organizăm pentru posteritate toate categoriile de material arhivistic, care pot să lămurească generaţiilor viitoare viaţa actuală a poporului român în toată deplinătatea lui.” Constantin Moisil Prospectarea trecutului istoric al poporului român este o condiţie esenţială pentru siguranţa viitorului politic, economic şi cultural al acestuia. Evoluţia unei societăţi, familii sau persoane va putea fi conturată -
Editors of Romanian Political Speeches Roxana Patraș
Ways of Forgetting and Remembering the Eloquence of the 19th Century: Editors of Romanian Political Speeches Roxana Patraș Abstract: The paper presents a critical evaluation of the existing anthologies of Romanian oratory and analyzes the pertinence of a new research line: how to trace back the foundations of Romanian versatile political memory, both from a lexical and from an ideological point of view. As I argue in the first part of the paper, collecting and editing the great speeches of Romanian orators seems crucial for today’s understanding of politics (politicians’ speaking/ actions as well as voters’ behavior/ electoral habits). In the second part, I focus on the particularities generated by a dramatic change of media support (in the context of Romania’s high rates of illiteracy at the end of the 19th century): from “writing” information on the slippery surface of memory (declaimed political texts such as “proclamations,” “petitions,” and “appeals”) to “writing” as such (transcribed political speeches). The last part of the paper problematizes the making of a new canon of Romanian eloquence as well as the opportunity of a new assemblage of oratorical texts, illustrative for the 19th century politics, and endeavors to settle a series of virtual editing principles. Keywords: oratory, personal memory, political memory, recording strategies, professional editing 1. Introduction Beginning with the end of the 19th century, when the Romanian politicians understand how crucial for one’s career it is to have a good command over the art of eloquence, the interest in the selection, organization and editing of influential public speeches becomes manifest. -
He Mechanism of Government Alternation During the Reign of Charles I
JOURNAL of Humanities, Culture and Social Sciences, Vol. 1, No. 2, 2015 ISSN 2393 – 5960; ISSN – L 2393-5960, pp. 48-61 he Mechanism of Government Alternation during the Reign of Charles I. The T Establishment of an Organised Alternation between the National Liberal Party (NLP) and the Conservative Party (CP) (1895-1914) Cosmin-Ştefan Dogaru, Ph.D. University of Bucharest, Faculty of Political Science – Romania [email protected] Abstract The reign of Charles I favoured the indigenous process of formation of a two-party system of government, which, although following the British model, had its own particularities that were specific to the local Romanian political realm. The last part of Charles I’s reign can be defined through this establishment of the two-party system of government between the years 1895-1914, discernible in the organised alternation of government during this specific period of time. Gradually, this mechanism of government alternation became habitual – a kind of custom of the Romanian politics of the age. Thus, during the period 1895-1914, the establishment of the Romanian two- party system of government was actualised through the implementation of an organised alternation of government between the National Liberal Party (NLP) and the Conservative Party (CP). Keywords: king Charles I, government alternation, National Liberal Party (NLP), Conservative Party (CP), political stability. I. Introduction The present article illustrates a specific aspect of the Romanian political environment during the reign of Charles I. Within this framework, we intend to analyse the implementation of an organised alternation of government of the National Liberal Party (NLP) and The Mechanism of Government Alternation during the Reign of Charles I….| 49 the Conservative Party (CP) between the years 1895 and 1914 as well as the role played by Charles I in establishing a constant two-party system of government in Romania. -
Nicolae Titulescu 1. Introduction
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS DANUBIUS Vol. 8, no. 2/2015 Personalities of the Romanian Interwar Diplomacy: Nicolae Titulescu Anişoara Popa1 Abstract: This paper investigates the activity of one of the most representative personality of the Romanian Interwar Diplomacy, Nicolae Titulescu. We will point out the value of his vision on the role that the Society of Nations had in preserving the peace and rebuilding the international system and we conclude on the novelties of his intuitions. Keywords: Interwar period; Romanian diplomacy; Nicolae Titulescu; peace; cooperation 1. Introduction NicolaeTitulescu’s diplomatic activity promoted him as a notable figure of the Romanian and international inter-war diplomacy whose complex sides are extensively reflected in the rich Romanian and foreign both contemporary and posthumous historiography (Agrigoroaiei, 1982, pp. 19-53; Dobrinescu, 1982, pp. 349-362; Titulescu politico-diplomatic work: Correspondence / volume cared by George G. Potra, 2004; Potra (Ed), 2007). “A strong personality who used to enchant and amaze”, stated the historian Ioan Ciupercă, starting from the numerous records about “the strong impression left on his contemporaries from inside and outside the country “and from” the perpetuity of his thoughts and actions” (Ciupercă, 1982, p. 133). 1.1. Objective and Hypotheses The value and the importance of his presence during 20 years in the Romanian political life, at the external political leadership of the state and in the big forum of the United Nations were the object of numerous analysis. 1 Professor, PhD, Danubius University of Galati, Faculty of Communication and International Relations, Romania, Address: 3 Galati Blvd, Galati, Romania, Tel.: +40372 361 102, Fax: +40372 361 290, Corresponding author: [email protected]. -
Professor Thoma Ionescu (1860-1926) Founder of the Modern Romanian School of Surgery
Journal of Medicine and Life Vol. 3, No.1, January-March 2010, pp.1-2 Professor Thoma Ionescu (1860-1926) founder of the Modern Romanian School of surgery Florian Popa, Octavian Buda, Victor Lorin Purcarea „Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania Correspondence to: Florian Popa, M.D, Ph.D “St. Pantelimon” Clinical Emergency Hospital, Department of General Surgery, P.O.Box 35-59 Bucharest 35, Romania Received: September 30th, 2009 – Accepted: January 8th, 2010 The year 2010 will be proclaimed the “Thoma title of associate professor in Paris (1892-1894). In the Ionescu Year” for the Romanian medicine. This occasion same year, the Ministry of Public Education in Paris marks a unique double anniversary: 150 years since the commissioned Thoma Ionescu, who was at that time birth of the great scientist and 100 years since his surgical prosector in Paris, to study and report the anatomy demonstrations during an Anglo-American tour in New teaching methods used at the universities of Germany York, Philadelphia, Rochester and Chicago. and Austria. Brother of politician Take Ionescu, Thoma signed In 1894, he wrote a chapter entitled Anatomie du up for the University of Medicine in Paris, in 1879, after tube digestif / Anatomy of the Digestive Tract, in the graduating “Sfântul Sava” High School, while, at the same important anatomy treaty elaborated by Poirier and time, attending the courses of the Faculty of Law, which Charpy, where he described for the first time in the he graduated in 1882. After this, he passed the exams for medical literature, the duodeno-jejunal fossae, the non-resident and resident medical studentship, thus sigmoid fossae, the rectal sheath and the rectal wings.