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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MORTON R. DWORKEN, JR. Interviewed

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The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MORTON R. DWORKEN, JR. Interviewed The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project MORTON R. DWORKEN, JR. Interviewed by: Ambassador (ret.) Raymond Ewing Initial interview date: March 10, 008 Copyright 013 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born in ashington, D.C. $ raised in Ohio. Yale University$ (ohns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) ,ntered the Foreign Service in 19.8 A0111 Course FSI2 3ietnam Training Center, Arlington, 3A. 19.8019.9 Course of instruction Fort Bragg (F4 Special arfare School 3ietnamese language study Taipei, Taiwan$ International Rice Institute$ New 8ife 19.9 Development Officer Training Rice production Saigon, 3ietnam2 9ilitary Assistance Command Civil Operations 19.9 9ilitary Assistance Command Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support (9AC3CORDS) Province supervisory team training Phuoc 8ong, 3ietnam2 9ember, Provincial Advisory Team 19.901971 Province description 9RIII (Third Corps Tactical Zone) Team composition Ambassador Charlie hitehouse Ambassador Richard Funkhouser 8t. Colonel Bob Hayden Operations Transport 8ocal security programs Refugees 3iet Cong village chief 1 8iving conditions 3isits to Saigon Personal weapons 9ontagnards Assistance to Catholic Sisters Rattan production Hamlet ,valuation System (H,S) Tet Province Development Plan Relations with 3ietnamese army Hawthorne (Hawk) 9ills Ambassador Sam Berger General Abrams Counter0Insurgency Assessment of US03ietnam endeavor 3ientiane, 8aos2 Special Assistant for Political09ilitary Affairs 197101973 Nickname2 (The Bombing Officer) Ambassador G. 9c9urtrie (9ac) Godley ,mbassy role in target selection 9onteagle (@9ontyA) Stearns 3ietnam ar/8aos connection Duties, responsibilities and operations @Ho Chi 9inh TrailA infiltration Bombing areas @Barrel RollA @Steel TigerA @Free Fire ZonesA USAF Rules of ,ngagement Royal 8aotian Army China 9ilitary coordination meetings American ,mbassy Operations Group Congressional visits Congressional Staff visit 8owenstein and 9oose (ANAF ((oint Army, Navy and Air Force group) Accompanying air strike missions (ohn Dean Civilian casualties International Control Commission General (ack 3essey Admiral 9cCain (ohn Negroponte Tom Pickering 2 State Department2 Staff Assistant/Special Assistant, Director of 19730197C Political/9ilitary Affairs2 ,Decutive Secretariat Seymour eiss Tom Stern Tom Pickering 9ateriel support for Israel Operations 4issinger State Department2 Political 9ilitary Affairs$ International 197C0197E Security Operations$ ,ast Africa and 9iddle ,ast Area of responsibility Diego Garcia Indian Ocean Fone of peace US base rights and facilities State Department2 Foreign Service Institute$ Greek language study 197E0197. Takis SapountFis Athens, Greece2 Special Assistant for Political09ilitary Affairs 197.01981 Dick elch murder 9onteagle Stearns (oint US 9ilitary Assistance Group ((US9AG) Operations US military bases and activities Relations with US military NATO Status of Forces Agreement Base negotiations working group Greece and NATO Turkish Agreement Framework Agreement (ohn TFounis Cyprus US military assistance to Greece Ambassador (ack 4ubisch Negotiations 4issinger0Bitsios agreement Congressional interest US negotiation team Clark Clifford Greece/Turkey/NATO issues 9arriage Anti0Americanism Andreas Papandreou 3 State Department2 Greece Desk Officer 198101982 Defense and ,conomic agreements Cyprus orries over Papandreou Prime 9inister Rallis President 4aramanlis Base Agreement Greece and NATO military Ambassador Robert 9cCloskey US military interests Special Cyprus Negotiator, Reg. Bartholomew 9onteagle G Toni Stearns Capitol Hill2 Congressional Fellow to Congressman Dante Fascell l98201983 International Operations FascellHs policy views Duties and Operations Personal relationship Travels with Congressman Campaigning for re0election Port 9oresby, Papua New Guinea2 Deputy Chief of 9ission 19830198E Ambassador 3irginia Schafer Ambassador Paul Gardner US interests Australians Accreditation to other islands 3anuatu 3isits to islands USIA eDchange program Commander in Chief, Pacific Command (CINCPAC) Communications Two Chinas FishermenHs Protective Act @(eanette DianaA incident Solomon Islands Peter 4aestner Ankara, Turkey2 Counselor, Political/9ilitary Affairs 198E01988 Defense and ,conomic Cooperation Agreement (D,CA) Security Richard Perle Colonel 9ike 9cNamara Status of Forces TeDtiles Greece/Turkey relations C ,uropean Union (,U) Ambassador StrausF0HupI ,mbassy Personnel Turkish 9ilitary role Prime 9inister Turgut OFal Terrorists 4urds Americans as targets Housing US military issues Congressman Steve SolarF Travel Cyprus ,nglish language Islamists Congressional delegations ,mbassy/US 9ilitary relations State Department2 Office Director, Bureau of Political09ilitary Affairs 198801991 Allocations of global US security assistance and military Sales programs Congressional funding requests Office of 9anagement and Budget @,ar 9arksA Office staff Bureau Chiefs Operations Bureau divisions State Department2 ,Decutive Assistant, Undersecretary for International 199101991 Security Affairs Ambassador Reg Bartholomew Title change/office organiFation Continuity of Government eDercises Canberra, Australia$ Political Counselor 19910199E Ambassador 9el Sembler President Bush visit hite House advance team US military facilities 9ilitary cooperation NASA facility ANZUS US Asia influence Prime 9inister Paul 4eating heat E Australian0American 8eadership Dialogue Renaissance eekends Phil 8ader 8eadership Dialogue Coral Sea Commemorative Association Consulates closing Canberra city Ambassador ,d Perkins Indigenous population Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission Nauru Island Australian/US relations and differences ellington, New Zealand2 Deputy Chief of 9ission 199E01998 Ambassador (osiah Beeman Consulate General Auckland reduction Antarctica Budget economies ,mbassy organiFation and staff NZ ,conomic and financial activities Regional organiFations Asia0Pacific ,conomic Cooperation (AP,C) F01.s Nuclear0powered ships Anti0nuclear policy Peace0keeping operations 3IP visitors Prime 9inister Bolger Relations South Pole Station International Antarctic activities South Pole visit 9c9urdo Station Antarctic tourism Consulate Apia (Samoa) Papua New Guinea Fulbright Program New Zealand environment State Department2 Office Director, Southern ,uropean Affairs 199802111 9arc Grossman (im Dobbins Office OrganiFation and Staff Special Cyprus Coordinator Richard Holbrooke Special Presidential ,nvoy for Cyprus . Dr. Rauf Denktash Cyprus discussions and negotiations Turkey and ,uropean Union US support for Turkey Turkey earthquake Imia Island incident 9adeleine Albright Cyprus and ,uropean Union Greece/Turkey territorial waters dispute Track Two effort Istanbul Greek OrthodoD Patriarchy Armenian Diaspora 4urdistan orkers Party (P44) Turkey military sales Turkey human rights 8ondon, United 4ingdom2 9inister0Counselor for Political Affairs 211102113 Ambassador Phil 8ader Ambassador ill Farish ,mbassy organiFation and composition orking relations with U4 government Iraq ar Operations Communication with State Department British domestic politics British @Think TanksA ,Dile communities 9/112 British reaction St. PaulHs Cathedral service Richard Haass 3IP visits Representational duties Assessment of 8ondon tour Retirement 2113 Reflections on career Additional career comments Status of Forces Agreement2 Greece Center for Special Operations, Tampa, F8 INTERVIEW (: Mort, it)s good to have this opportunity to talk with you and find out about your -oreign Service career. As a starting point, I would like to get you to talk a little about 7 your early days and how you came to take the Foreign Service written e.amination. I see you went to /ale 0niversity, but I suspect something happened before that. D OR4,N2 ell, thatHs true. As with many of my Foreign Service colleagues at that time, I was interested from a very early age in international affairs and current events 00 I guess mainly derived from my parents who were also interested in and kept up with current affairs. I also remember in high school in the southeastern suburbs of Cleveland, Ohio, being introduced to a lot of current events issues by the librarian at my high school, who was also in charge of a small world affairs unit at the school. During the course of my high school education, there was a model U.N. activity in the Cleveland metropolitan area, organiFed I think every two years. The librarian (9iss ,dith 9iller) got several of us interested in that, and we took on the affairs of whichever country we were assigned. I was the leader of that group at one point and was selected to be one of the presiding officers of the mock U.N. General Assembly when it met in the metropolitan area. ThatHs just a little bit of my current events background. I was under the mistaken impression then that the State Department not only was the preeminent foreign affairs agency of the U.S. Government but also made all U.S. foreign policy K to which I wanted to make a contribution. I eventually learned the reality, but even so, as I went through Yale, I had already pointed myself toward a career in the Foreign Service. I started at Yale as a chemistry major, coming out of the advanced placement science and math courses that were supported by the National Defense ,ducation Act in the post0Sputnik era in American high schools. I had an outstanding physics, chemistry, and math educational background and much support from teachers. But when I got to Yale,
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