Max M. Fisher Papers 185 Linear Feet (305 MB, 20 OS, 29 Reels) 1920S-2005, Bulk 1950S-2000
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Max M. Fisher Papers 185 linear feet (305 MB, 20 OS, 29 reels) 1920s-2005, bulk 1950s-2000 Walter P. Reuther Library, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI Finding aid written by Aimee Ergas, May 5, 2015. Accession Number: UP002350 Creator: Max M. Fisher Acquisition: This collection was deposited at the Reuther Library by the Max M. and Marjorie S. Fisher Foundation in August 2012. Language: Material entirely in English. Access: Collection is open for research. Items in vault are available at the discretion of the archives. Use: Refer to the Walter P. Reuther Library Rules for Use of Archival Materials. Notes: Citation style: “Max M. Fisher Papers, Box [#], Folder [#], Walter P. Reuther Library, Archives of Labor and Urban Affairs, Wayne State University” Copies: Digital materials (29 disks) from the collection have been copied and transferred to the Reuther Library’s digital repository. Other Access Aids: Many photographs and information about Fisher available at www.maxmfisher.org. Related Material: Reuther Library collections: New Detroit, Inc. Records; Detroit Renaissance Records; materials in the Leonard N. Simons Jewish Community Archives, particularly the Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Records; Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall, Inc., Records; Damon J. Keith Papers; Stanley Winkelman Papers; Mel Ravitz Papers; Wayne State University Archives, including Presidents’ Collections: David Adamany, Thomas N. Bonner, George E. Gullen, Irvin Reid. Audiovisual materials including photographs (boxes 291-308), videotapes (boxes 311-315), audiocassettes (boxes 316-319), CD and DVDS (boxes 319-320), minicassettes (box 321), a vinyl record (box 322), and audio reels (boxes 322-350) have been transferred to the Reuther’s Audiovisual Department Two boxes of signed letters from U.S. presidents, Israeli prime ministers, and other prominent people have been moved to the Reuther Library vault. Photocopies of these materials are in the collection. Two oversize boxes of photographs signed by various U.S. presidents have been moved to the Reuther Library vault. 2 Biography Max M. Fisher was a successful Detroit industrialist and investor, influential Republican Party fundraiser and power broker, Jewish community leader, and major philanthropist. He was “arguably the most influential and respected Jew in America” in the twentieth century. Fisher was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, on July 15, 1908, to William Fisher (Velvil Fisch) and Mollie Fisher (Malka Brody). He grew up in Salem, Ohio. His business career began when, after graduation from Ohio State University in 1930, he joined his father’s waste oil reprocessing business in Detroit. Fisher helped develop the business and arranged a merger with Ohio Oil, an extremely profitable move that established him as a major player in the oil business. With two partners, Fisher established and brought to great success the Aurora Gasoline Company. He served as chairman of Aurora Gasoline from 1932 to 1959, when it became a subsidiary of Marathon Oil, which he led until 1962. As a major player in the oil industry and later in real estate, Fisher was able to amass a large fortune and become one of the major philanthropists of the late 20th- century United States. Fisher served on the board of directors of many corporations including Manufacturers National Bank, Comerica Incorporated, Michigan Bell Telephone Company, Owens-Illinois Inc., United Brands Company, Fruehauf Corporation, Sotheby’s Holdings, The Irvine Company and several oil companies. In 1934, Fisher married Sylvia Krell. Their daughter, Jane, was born in 1939. Sylvia Krell Fisher died in 1952 after a long illness. In 1953, he married Marjorie Switow. They raised their blended family of five children in the Detroit area. Max Fisher’s early involvement with the Jewish community was through the Allied Jewish Campaign in metropolitan Detroit, as a major and highly respected fundraiser. His career in the Jewish community expanded exponentially to include leadership of almost every American-Jewish communal organization, including the American Jewish Committee (AJC), chair of National Executive Council; Council of Jewish Federations, president; L.A. Pincus Jewish Education Fund for the Diaspora, chair; B’nai B’rith, co- chair of Board of Overseers; Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations; United Israel Appeal, chair; United Jewish Appeal, president and general chair. He chaired the Board of Directors of the Jewish Agency for Israel for many years, notably during its reconstitution in 1970. In the 1980s, he was a prime actor in Israel’s economic development (Operation Independence) and a program linking communities in Israel with Jewish communities around the world (Operation Renewal). Fisher’s expertise on Middle East affairs and Jewish issues made him a key advisor to the Republican Party and to Presidents Nixon, Ford, Reagan and George H.W. Bush. His fundraising within the party was legendary, and his advocacy for issues of importance to American Jews and to Israel was tireless. He advised on other issues as well, including oil and energy matters and the Panama Canal Treaty of the 1970s. Fisher served as an unofficial diplomat between the White House and the government of Israel for many years and was seriously involved with the Egyptian-Israeli peace negotiations of the 1970s and in the efforts to help Soviet Jewry in the 1970s-1980s, among other issues. He 3 had close relations with the Israeli prime ministers from Golda Meir to Benjamin Netanyahu and often served as a liaison between them and the White House. Fisher’s civic engagement with the Detroit area is legendary. He was part of the business power structure of Detroit, particularly after 1967, working closely with Henry Ford II, Heinz Prechter, Detroit mayors, and many others. Fisher was president and board chair of the United Foundation (United Way) of Detroit; founding chair of the board of directors of Detroit Renaissance; a founding member and chair of New Detroit Inc.; and was active in the Greater Detroit Chamber of Commerce and the Michigan Business Roundtable. His legacy to the city includes the Max M. Fisher Music Center at Detroit Symphony Orchestra Hall. He was also the principal benefactor of the Fisher College of Business at Ohio State University. The list of awards and recognitions Fisher received during his lifetime spans many pages. It includes more than a dozen honorary degrees from universities in the U.S. and Israel. One of the earliest awards is the renowned Fred M. Butzel Award from the Jewish Welfare Federation of Detroit. President Ronald Reagan presented him with the Presidential Citizens Medal, and he received the United Way’s Alexis de Tocqueville Society Award, the Stephen S. Wise Award from the American Jewish Congress and the Ben-Gurion Centennial Medal from the State of Israel Bonds. There have been days, roads, buildings, and awards named after Max M. Fisher. Above all, Fisher is remembered for his extraordinary philanthropy. He supported causes large and small, from students needing tuition help and individual families facing hard times to social service agencies and educational organizations, from charitable Jewish causes to general humanitarian efforts around the world, from universities and colleges to cultural institutions in Detroit and around the world. Scope and Content The Max M. Fisher papers document Fisher’s life and career, primarily focused on his leadership roles in the organized Jewish community of the U.S. and Israel, his activities in the Republican Party, his role as an advisor to several U.S. presidents, and his business activities. The collection includes correspondence, documents, speeches, interviews, photographs and other media, and documents from his biographer. The papers reflect his wide-ranging activities in the oil and real estate businesses, as well as his affiliations and leadership in civic activities in the Detroit area. Fisher corresponded with many leaders in politics, government, business, academia and the Jewish community, locally, nationally and internationally, from Eleanor Roosevelt to Dick Cheney, from Teddy Kollek to Benjamin Netanyahu, and George Romney to George Shultz, as well as many presidents and prime ministers. Important Subjects: Allied Jewish Campaign American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) American Jewish Committee (AJC) American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee Aurora Gasoline Company B’nai B’rith 4 Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations Council of Jewish Federations (U.S.) Dead Sea Project Detroit Metropolitan Area (Mich.)—Economic conditions Detroit Metropolitan Area (Mich.)—Social conditions Detroit Renaissance (Firm) Gerald Ford Administration: United States Politics and government, 1974-1977 Irvine Ranch (Calif.) Israel—Economic development Israel—Politics and government Israel—Relations—United States Israel Petrochemical Enterprises Ltd. Jewish Agency for Israel Jewish religious education Jewish Federation of Metropolitan Detroit Jews, American—Israel. Jews, Soviet. Jews—United States—Politics and government—20th century Marathon Oil Company Michigan Business Roundtable National Jewish Coalition National Republican Party (U.S.) New Detroit, Inc. (Detroit, Mich.) Richard Nixon Administration: United States Politics and government, 1969-1974 Ohio State University Ohio State University, Fisher College of Business Oil industries—United States. Operation Independence (Israel) Paz Oil Company Philanthropists—United States. Project