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Abd'nin Üs Politikasi Ve Türkiye: Kuruluşundan Bugüne

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Abd'nin Üs Politikasi Ve Türkiye: Kuruluşundan Bugüne T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI VE TÜRKİYE: KURULUŞUNDAN BUGÜNE İNCİRLİK ÜSSÜ Doktora Tezi Selin Muzaffer BÖLME Ankara-2010 T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI VE TÜRKİYE: KURULUŞUNDAN BUGÜNE İNCİRLİK ÜSSÜ Doktora Tezi Selin Muzaffer BÖLME Tez Danışmanı Prof.Dr.Çağrı ERHAN Ankara-2010 TÜRKİYE CUMHURİYETİ ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ MÜDÜRLÜĞÜNE Bu belge ile bu tezdeki bütün bilgilerin akademik kurallara ve etik davranış ilkelerine uygun olarak toplanıp sunulduğunu beyan ederim. Bu kural ve ilkelerin gereği olarak, çalışmada bana ait olmayan tüm veri, düşünce ve sonuçları andığımı ve kaynağını gösterdiğimi ayrıca beyan ederim. (30/06/2010) Tezi Hazırlayan Öğrencinin Adı ve Soyadı Selin Muzaffer BÖLME İmzası ………………………………… T.C. ANKARA ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER ANABİLİM DALI ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI VE TÜRKİYE: KURULUŞUNDAN BUGÜNE İNCİRLİK ÜSSÜ Doktora Tezi Tez Danışmanı : Prof. Dr. Çağrı Erhan Tez Jürisi Üyeleri Adı ve Soyadı İmzası Prof. Dr. Çağrı ERHAN.......................... ........................................ Prof. Dr. İlhan UZGEL............................... ........................................ Prof.Dr. Çınar Özen.................................... ........................................ Prof.Dr. Bülent Aras................................... ......................................... Doç.Dr. Mitat Çelikpala.............................. ......................................... .................................................................... ......................................... Tez Sınavı Tarihi .31/05/2010............... İÇİNDEKİLER TABLOLAR VE ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ................................................................ İİİ KISALTMALAR LİSTESİ.....................................................................................İV GİRİŞ .....................................................................................................................Vİİİ I.BÖLÜM: ÜS KAVRAMI VE ASKERİ ÜSLERİN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI.............. 1 II. BÖLÜM: ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI ............................................................. 21 A) ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASINA TEORİK BİR YAKLAŞIM: ROBERT W. COX, DÜNYA DÜZENİ VE HEGEMONYA............................................................... 21 1) Cox’ta Dünya Düzeni..................................................................................... 25 2) Hegemonya .................................................................................................... 32 3) Yeni Ontoloji ve Amerikan İmparatorluğu .................................................... 41 4) ABD’nin Üs Politikasına Gramşiyen Bir Yaklaşım ....................................... 51 B) TARİHSEL SÜREÇ İÇİNDE AMERİKAN ÜSLERİ VE ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI...................................................................................................... 62 1) ABD’nin Kuruluşu: Ticari Çıkarların Korunması ........................................ 62 2) Soğuk Savaş: Üsler Kuşatmasında Yeni Dünya ............................................ 87 3) İmparatorluğun Kaleleri: Soğuk Savaş Sonrası Amerikan Üsleri .............. 144 III. BÖLÜM: İNCİRLİK ÜSSÜ ........................................................................... 179 A) İNCİRLİK ÜSSÜ’NÜN KURULUŞU..................................................... 179 1) Kuruluşa Giden Yol ..................................................................................... 179 a) İkinci Dünya Savaşı: Gizli Üs Adana .................................................. 179 b) Savaş Sonrası: Türkiye Kendine Yer Arıyor ....................................... 187 c) NATO Pazarlıkları ............................................................................... 200 2) İncirlik Üssü’nün Hukuki Statüsü: Kuruluş Belgeleri ................................. 239 B) ABD’NİN ORTADOĞU’DA YENİ YILDIZI: ADANA ÜSSÜ ................. 250 1) U-2 Uçuşları Başlıyor.................................................................................. 252 2) Lübnan İç Savaşı.......................................................................................... 257 3) F-100’lerin İncirlik Üssü’nde Konuşlandırılması ....................................... 265 C) KRİZLERİN MERKEZİNDE İNCİRLİK ............................................... 274 1) U-2 Kazası ve İstihbarat Uçuşları............................................................... 274 2) Anlaşmazlıklar Baş Gösteriyor.................................................................... 281 a) Yükselen Amerikan Karşıtlığı ............................................................. 284 b) Yaşanan Hukuki Sorunlar.................................................................... 294 i) Gizli Anlaşmalar, Gizli Uygulamalar................................................... 294 ii) Görev Belgesi Sorunu.......................................................................... 301 3) 1967 Arap-İsrail Savaşı: Hükümetin İncirlik Sınavı ................................... 312 i D) ORTAK SAVUNMA TESİSİ İNCİRLİK................................................ 316 1) İncirlik Üssü’nün Hukukuki Statüsü: OSİA ................................................. 317 2) Ortadoğu Krizleri ve İncirlik ....................................................................... 323 a) USAFE’nin Eğitim Üssü İncirlik......................................................... 323 b) Kara Eylül’de İncirlik’in Rolü............................................................. 329 c) İncirlik’in Kapasitesi Azaltılıyor ......................................................... 336 d) 1973 Arap-İsrail Savaşı: İncirlik’ten Destek Talebi............................ 343 3) Kıbrıs Harekâtı ve OSİA’nın Feshi.............................................................. 347 E) SEİA ÇATISINDA İNCİRLİK’TE YENİ DÖNEM ................................ 349 1) İncirlik Üssü’nün Hukuki Statüsü: SEİA ..................................................... 349 a) SEİA’da İncirlik Üssü.......................................................................... 349 b) İncirlik Üssünün Kapatılmasına İlişkin Düzenlemeler........................ 357 2) Yeniden Yakınlaşma Dönemi: 1980’ler ....................................................... 359 a) İran Devrimi ve Rehine Krizi............................................................... 367 b) 1983 Lübnan: Çok Uluslu Güce İncirlik Desteği ................................ 373 c) Nükleer Dengeler ve İncirlik................................................................ 377 F) SOĞUK SAVAŞIN ARDINDAN .................................................................. 390 1) Körfez Savaşı: Yeni Dünya Düzeninde Eski Bir Üs..................................... 391 a) Huzur Harekâtı-I .................................................................................. 403 b) Huzur Harekâtı-II ve Çekiç Güç.......................................................... 406 c) Kuzeyden Keşif Harekâtı..................................................................... 412 2) 11 Eylül ve Afganistan Savaşı: Yeni Görev Terörle Mücadele ................... 417 3) 2003 Irak Savaşı ve İncirlik......................................................................... 425 a) Ankara-Washington Pazarlıkları.......................................................... 425 b) Irak Savaşı............................................................................................ 448 c) Savaş Sonrası: Yine Yeni Yeniden İncirlik ......................................... 450 SONUÇ: ABD’NİN ÜS POLİTİKASI VE İNCİRLİK....................................... 464 EK 1: ABD DENİZAŞIRI ÜS VE TESİSLERİNİN ÜLKELERE GÖRE KARŞILAŞTIRMALI DAĞILIMI ...................................................................... 474 EK 2: SEİA 3 NUMARALI TESİSLER TAMAMLAYICI ANLAŞMASI...... 476 EK 3: SEİA 3 NUMARALI TESİSLER TAMAMLAYICI ANLAŞMASINA 3 NUMARALI EK İNCİRLİK TESİSİ UYGULAMA ANLAŞMASI ................ 482 KAYNAKÇA .......................................................................................................... 489 I. ARŞİV KAYNAKLARI ...................................................................................... 489 II. RESMİ KAYNAKLAR...................................................................................... 490 III. KİTAP, MAKALE VE RAPORLAR................................................................... 492 IV. GAZETE VE HABER SİTELERİ....................................................................... 507 V. DİĞER KAYNAKLAR ..................................................................................... 508 ii TABLOLAR VE ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ TABLO-1: II. Dünya Savaşı Boyunca ABD’nin Açtığı Ortalama Üs Sayısı............ 95 TABLO-2: Amerikan Üslerinin Bölgelere Göre Dönemsel Dağılımı (1947–1988) 126 TABLO-3: Yabancı Ülkelerdeki ABD Üs Ve Tesislerinin Dağılımı ...................... 164 TABLO-4: Yabancı Ülkelerdeki Muvazzaf Amerikan Askeri Mevcudu ............... 172 TABLO-5: Yabancı Topraklarda Talep Edilen Askerî Haklar-Türkiye:................. 209 TABLO-6: Adana, Türkiye İnşaat Programı ........................................................... 229 TABLO-7: Adana Üssü İnşaat Programı Detayları ................................................. 237 TABLO-8: Avrupa’daki ABD Nükleer Silahları..................................................... 388 TABLO-9: ABD’nin Denizaşırı Büyük Üsleri ......................................................
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