The Vomer Bone Analysis in Relation to Class Iii Malocclusion Using Three Dimenssional Images Analysis
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The Development of the Human Maxilla, Vomer, and Paraseptal Cartilages
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HUMAN MAXILLA, VOMER, AND PARASEPTAL CARTILAGES. By Professor FAWCETT, M.D., University of Bristol. THE usually accepted descriptions of the development of the maxilla of man state that it arises by a number of separate centres-the number varying somewhat with the authority, likewise the situation of these centres. No description of the maxilla can be considered complete unless at the same time notice is taken of the manner of development of the premaxilla, which, of course, forms the anterior segment of the adult bone as usually interpreted. But the consideration of the development of the premaxilla may be left until that of the maxilla has been fully dealt with. Before breaking new ground, it may be well to state what are the usual statements with reference to the ossification of the maxilla. These statements are apparently for the most part based on work done by Callender, Toldt, Rambaud and Renault, and Bland Sutton, so far as concerns human anatomy. More recently Franklin Mall has given his views on the subject in the American Jouarnal of Anatomy, views based on observation of specimens treated by the "clearing" method of Schulze. So far as they go, these statements are in harmony with my own notions, which I have for several years now taught. A very precise account is given in Cunningham's Text-book of Anatomy. The maxilla is there stated to be developed in the connective tissue around the oral cavity of the embryo from centres which are not preceded by cartilage, of uncertain number, as early fusion takes place between them. -
MAXILLARY FRACTURES Is Mandatory and May Include Both Plain Films and a Computed Tomographic (CT) the Maxilla Forms the Largest Component of Scan
Radiographic evaluation of the fracture MAXILLARY FRACTURES is mandatory and may include both plain films and a computed tomographic (CT) The maxilla forms the largest component of scan. The CT scan has now essentially the middle third of the facial skeleton. The maxil- replaced plain films as the Ògold standardÓ la is a key bone in the midface that is closely asso- in both evaluation and treatment planning. ciated with adjacent bones providing structural If physical findings and plain films are not support between the cranial base and the occlusal suggestive of a zygomatic fracture, the eval- plane. Fractures of the maxilla occur less fre- uation may end here. However, if they do quently than those of the mandible or nose due to suggest fracture, a coronal and axial CT the strong structural support of this bone. The scan should be obtained. The CT scan will midface consists of alternating thick and thin sec- accurately reveal the extent of orbital tions of bone that are capable of resisting signifi- involvement, as well as degree of displace- cant force. This structurally strong bone provides ment of the fractures. This study is vital for protection for the globes and brain, projection of planning the operative approach. the midface, and support for occlusion. Reestablishing continuity of these buttresses is the Historically, closed reduction was the foundation on which maxillary fracture treatment method of choice for nearly all zygomatic is based. fractures. Multiple methods were employed, but most involved simply exert- Renee LeFort (1901) provided the earliest clas- ing pressure underneath the malar emi- sification system of maxillary fractures. -
The All-On-Four Treatment Concept: Systematic Review
J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(3):e474-88. All-on-four: Systematic review Journal section: Prosthetic Dentistry doi:10.4317/jced.53613 Publication Types: Review http://dx.doi.org/10.4317/jced.53613 The all-on-four treatment concept: Systematic review David Soto-Peñaloza 1, Regino Zaragozí-Alonso 2, María Peñarrocha-Diago 3, Miguel Peñarrocha-Diago 4 1 Collaborating Lecturer, Master in Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain Peruvian Army Officer, Stomatology Department, Luis Arias Schreiber-Central Military Hospital, Lima-Perú 2 Dentist, Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain 3 Assistant Professor of Oral Surgery, Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain 4 Professor and Chairman of Oral Surgery, Stomatology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Spain Correspondence: Unidad de Cirugía Bucal Facultat de Medicina i Odontologìa Universitat de València Gascó Oliag 1 46010 - Valencia, Spain [email protected] Soto-Peñaloza D, Zaragozí-Alonso R, Peñarrocha-Diago MA, Peñarro- cha-Diago M. The all-on-four treatment concept: Systematic review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9(3):e474-88. http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/volumenes/v9i3/jcedv9i3p474.pdf Received: 17/11/2016 Accepted: 16/12/2016 Article Number: 53613 http://www.medicinaoral.com/odo/indice.htm © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - eISSN: 1989-5488 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Pubmed Pubmed Central® (PMC) Scopus DOI® System Abstract Objectives: To systematically review the literature on the “all-on-four” treatment concept regarding its indications, surgical procedures, prosthetic protocols and technical and biological complications after at least three years in function. -
Three-Dimensional Radiographic Evaluation of the Malar Bone Engagement Available for Ideal Zygomatic Implant Placement
Article Three-Dimensional Radiographic Evaluation of the Malar Bone Engagement Available for Ideal Zygomatic Implant Placement Gerardo Pellegrino 1,* , Francesco Grande 2 , Agnese Ferri 1, Paolo Pisi 3, Maria Giovanna Gandolfi 4 and Claudio Marchetti 1 1 Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] (A.F.); [email protected] (C.M.) 2 Oral Surgery Unit, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 3 Dental Radiology Unit, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; [email protected] 4 Medical-technical Science, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy; mgiovanna.gandolfi@unibo.it * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-051-208-8157 Received: 11 June 2020; Accepted: 21 July 2020; Published: 22 July 2020 Abstract: Zygomatic implant rehabilitation is a challenging procedure that requires an accurate prosthetic and implant plan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the malar bone available for three-dimensional zygomatic implant placement on the possible trajectories exhibiting optimal occlusal emergence. After a preliminary analysis on 30 computed tomography (CT) scans of dentate patients to identify the ideal implant emergencies, we used 80 CT scans of edentulous patients to create two sagittal planes representing the possible trajectories of the anterior and posterior zygomatic implants. These planes were rotated clockwise on the ideal emergence points and three different hypothetical implant trajectories per zygoma were drawn for each slice. -
NASAL ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE NASAL ANATOMY
NASAL ANATOMY Elena Rizzo Riera R1 ORL HUSE NASAL ANATOMY The nose is a highly contoured pyramidal structure situated centrally in the face and it is composed by: ü Skin ü Mucosa ü Bone ü Cartilage ü Supporting tissue Topographic analysis 1. EXTERNAL NASAL ANATOMY § Skin § Soft tissue § Muscles § Blood vessels § Nerves ² Understanding variations in skin thickness is an essential aspect of reconstructive nasal surgery. ² Familiarity with blood supplyà local flaps. Individuality SKIN Aesthetic regions Thinner Thicker Ø Dorsum Ø Radix Ø Nostril margins Ø Nasal tip Ø Columella Ø Alae Surgical implications Surgical elevation of the nasal skin should be done in the plane just superficial to the underlying bony and cartilaginous nasal skeleton to prevent injury to the blood supply and to the nasal muscles. Excessive damage to the nasal muscles causes unwanted immobility of the nose during facial expression, so called mummified nose. SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER § Superficial fatty panniculus Adipose tissue and vertical fibres between deep dermis and fibromuscular layer. § Fibromuscular layer Nasal musculature and nasal SMAS § Deep fatty layer Contains the major superficial blood vessels and nerves. No fibrous fibres. § Periosteum/ perichondrium Provide nutrient blood flow to the nasal bones and cartilage MUSCLES § Greatest concentration of musclesàjunction of upper lateral and alar cartilages (muscular dilation and stenting of nasal valve). § Innervation: zygomaticotemporal branch of the facial nerve § Elevator muscles § Depressor muscles § Compressor -
Evaluation of Maxillary Bone Dimensions in Specific Areas for Removable Dentures
https://doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2017232.1527 Journal of IMAB Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers). 2017 Apr-Jun;23(2): ISSN: 1312-773X https://www.journal-imab-bg.org Original article EVALUATION OF MAXILLARY BONE DIMENSIONS IN SPECIFIC AREAS FOR REMOVABLE DENTURES Original Articles Dobromira Shopova1, Tanya Bozhkova1, Dian Slavchev1, Spas Muletarov2, Zdravka Ivanova3, Elena Bozhikova2 1) Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 2) Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria; 3) Department of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Plovdiv University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria. ABSTRACT similar studies for quantitative evaluation module of elas- Background: Removable prosthetics is a big part of ticity and hardness in different anatomical regions, and Prosthetic Dentistry. Prosthetic field is very important for they were established middle level in frontal area and low successful treatment with partial or complete dentures. in distal zone [3, 4, 5]. The cortical density can be meas- Maxillary bone is covered with soft tissues, but its anatomy ured by Hounsfield units (HU). The investigations proved is essential for retention, chewing stability and comfort of various levels in cortical and cancellous bone densities. the patients. Maxillary tuberosity showed the lowest level [6]. Com- Purpose: The study’s aim was to evaluate the dimen- puted tomography’s study of the edentulous posterior max- sions of maxillary bone in specific zones for removable illae showed porous cortical crest or no cortical bone, al- dentures. though the bone densities varied markedly among indi- Methods: Sixteen craniums were measured in 10 dif- viduals [7]. Micro-computed tomography (microCT) is a ferent zones. -
Splanchnocranium
splanchnocranium - Consists of part of skull that is derived from branchial arches - The facial bones are the bones of the anterior and lower human skull Bones Ethmoid bone Inferior nasal concha Lacrimal bone Maxilla Nasal bone Palatine bone Vomer Zygomatic bone Mandible Ethmoid bone The ethmoid is a single bone, which makes a significant contribution to the middle third of the face. It is located between the lateral wall of the nose and the medial wall of the orbit and forms parts of the nasal septum, roof and lateral wall of the nose, and a considerable part of the medial wall of the orbital cavity. In addition, the ethmoid makes a small contribution to the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. The ethmoid bone can be divided into four parts, the perpendicular plate, the cribriform plate and two ethmoidal labyrinths. Important landmarks include: • Perpendicular plate • Cribriform plate • Crista galli. • Ala. • Ethmoid labyrinths • Medial (nasal) surface. • Orbital plate. • Superior nasal concha. • Middle nasal concha. • Anterior ethmoidal air cells. • Middle ethmoidal air cells. • Posterior ethmoidal air cells. Attachments The falx cerebri (slide) attaches to the posterior border of the crista galli. lamina cribrosa 1 crista galli 2 lamina perpendicularis 3 labyrinthi ethmoidales 4 cellulae ethmoidales anteriores et posteriores 5 lamina orbitalis 6 concha nasalis media 7 processus uncinatus 8 Inferior nasal concha Each inferior nasal concha consists of a curved plate of bone attached to the lateral wall of the nasal cavity. Each consists of inferior and superior borders, medial and lateral surfaces, and anterior and posterior ends. The superior border serves to attach the bone to the lateral wall of the nose, articulating with four different bones. -
Reconstruction of the Pediatric Maxilla and Mandible
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Reconstruction of the Pediatric Maxilla and Mandible Eric M. Genden, MD; Daniel Buchbinder, DMD, MD; John M. Chaplin, MBChB; Edgar Lueg, MD; Gerry F. Funk, MD; Mark L. Urken, MD Background: The creation of osseous defects in the up- Results: Two patients were lost to follow-up, and 1 per and lower jaws in children is an uncommon occur- died secondary to complications related to distant meta- rence. It is therefore likely that a head and neck recon- static disease. Three of 6 patients were observed for 2 structive surgeon will accumulate only limited experience years 6 months, 4 years, and 4 years 2 months, respec- in restoring such defects. We have reviewed 7 pediatric tively. Two of the 3 patients who were observed long bone-containing microvascular free flap reconstruc- term have undergone full dental rehabilitation and cur- tions in 6 patients for reconstruction of the upper or lower rently maintain a regular diet and deny pain with masti- jaws. Three patients were available for long-term fol- cation or deglutition. One patient did not require dental low-up to evaluate the effect of osseous free flap recon- rehabilitation. All 3 patients demonstrate gross facial struction on function and growth and development of symmetry and normal dental occlusion. Assessment of the donor site. the fibular donor site demonstrated normal limb length and circumference. The patients denied pain or restric- Design: Retrospective review. tion to recreational activity. Scapular donor sites demon- strated normal range of motion, strength, and shoulder Setting: Academic tertiary referral center for otolaryn- stability. gology. -
Nasal Cavity
NASAL CAVITY Wedge shaped spaces; 5 cm in height, 5-7 cm in length Large inferior base- 1-5cm Narrow superior apex- 1-2 mm Anterior aperture- External nares- 1.5-2 cm ; 0.5-1 cm (flexible) posterior nasal apertures (choanae)– 2.5 by 1.3 cm (rigid) Separated from : each other- nasal septum oral cavity-hard palate cranial cavity-parts of frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bones Lateral to nasal cavity- orbit each half- roof , floor medial wall, lateral wall three regions- vestibule respiratory region olfactory region Skeletal framework • Medial wall (nasal septum) Anterior - septal cartilage Vo m e r Perpendicular plate of ethmoid Minor contributions- nasal, frontal, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine bones • Often deflected • Lateral wall - Maxilla- anteroinferiorly Perpendicular plate of palatine Ethmoid labyrinth- superiorly & uncinate process Other bones- nasal, frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal Irregular projections- three conchae Superior concha- shortest, shallowest Middle concha- large, articulates with palatine Inferior concha- independent bone, articulates with maxilla Skeletal framework-contd. • Floor: Smooth, concave, wider than roof Palatine process of maxilla Horizontal plate of palatine (hard palate) Soft tissue • Roof: narrow, highest in the center Cribriform plate of ethmoid Anteriorly- nasal spine of frontal, nasal bones, septal cartilage, major alar cartilage Posteriorly: sphenoid, ala of vomer, palatine, medial pterygoid plate Roof is perforated by openings in the cribriform plate and a separate foramen for anterior ethmoidal Ns -
Posteroinferior Septal Defect Due to Vomeral Malformation
European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology (2019) 276:2229–2235 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-019-05443-3 RHINOLOGY Posteroinferior septal defect due to vomeral malformation Yong Won Lee1 · Young Hoon Yoon2 · Kunho Song2 · Yong Min Kim2 Received: 20 March 2019 / Accepted: 19 April 2019 / Published online: 25 April 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose Vomeral malformation may lead to a posteroinferior septal defect (PISD). It is usually found incidentally, without any characteristic symptoms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate its clinical implications. Methods In this study, we included 18 patients with PISD after reviewing paranasal sinus computed tomography scans and medical records of 2655 patients. We evaluated the shape of the hard palate and measured the distances between the anterior nasal spine (A), the posterior end of the hard palate (P), the posterior point of the vomer fused with the palate (V), the lowest margin of the vomer at P (H), and the apex of the V-notch (N). Results None of the PISD patients had a normal posterior nasal spine (PNS). Six patients lacked a PNS or had a mild depres- sion (type 1 palate), and 12 had a V-notch (type 2 palate). The mean A–P, P–H, and P–V distances were 44.5 mm, 15.3 mm, and 12.4 mm, respectively. The average P–N distance in patients with type 2 palate was 7.3 mm. There were no statistically signifcant diferences between the types of palates in A–P, P–H, or P–V distances. -
Nobel Biocare Representative for References
All-on-4® treatment concept Procedures manual Original protocol for All-on-4® treatment concept The All-on-4® treatment concept is a rehabilitation concept that maximizes the use of available bone. The surgical and prosthetic procedures follow a strict protocol including the products to be used. The success of the All-on-4® treatment concept is due to these specific protocols and products, namely NobelSpeedy implants, which have been used with 10 years of follow-up. For the long term follow-up studies supporting the result and the success rate of the All-on-4® treatment concept, please visit nobelbiocare.com or ask your Nobel Biocare representative for references. The All-on-4® and the All-on-4® with NobelGuide treatment concepts were developed together with Paulo Malo, DDS, PhD, at MALO CLINIC. Note: In order to improve readability, Nobel Biocare does not use ™ or ® in the running text. By doing so, however, Nobel Biocare does not waive any right to the trademark or registered mark and nothing herein shall be construed to the contrary. Disclaimer: Some products may not be regulatory cleared/released for sale in all markets. Please contact the local Nobel Biocare sales office for current product assortment and availability. 3 Contents Introduction A proven and successful concept 4 Conventional versus guided surgery 5 Conventional surgery Quick guide 6 Treatment planning 7 Clinical procedure for edentulous mandible 8 Clinical procedure for edentulous maxilla 11 Laboratory procedure 12 Guided surgery Optimized implant placement and prosthetic -
Dental and Oral Examination Comprehensive Worksheet
Dental and Oral Examination Comprehensive Worksheet Name: SSN: Date of Exam: C-number: Place of Exam: A. Review of Medical Records: B. Medical History (Subjective Complaints): 1.Describe the circumstances and initial manifestations of the disease or injury. 2.Describe the course since onset. 3.Describe current treatment and any side effects of treatment. 4.Report history of dental-related hospitalization or surgery, including location, date, and type of surgery. 5.Report history of trauma to the teeth, with location and date. 6.If there is a history of neoplasm, provide: a. Date of diagnosis, exact diagnosis, location. b. Benign or malignant. c. Types of treatment and dates. d. Last date of treatment. e. State whether treatment has been completed. 7.Report symptoms: a. difficulty chewing (frequency and extent) b. difficulty in opening mouth c. difficulty talking d. swelling (location and duration) e. pain (location, frequency, and severity) f. drainage (frequency) g. other 8.Report other significant history. C. Physical Examination (Objective Findings): Address each of the following, as applicable, and fully describe: 1.Tooth loss due to loss of substance of body of maxilla or mandible (other than loss due to periodontal disease). Describe the extent and location of missing teeth and whether the masticatory surface can be restored by a prosthesis. 2.Loss of bone of the maxilla. State extent (less than 25%, 25 to 50%, more than 50%) and whether loss is replaceable by a prosthesis. 1 3.Malunion or nonunion of the maxilla and extent of displacement (none, mild, moderate, severe). 4.Loss of bone of the mandible.