Variation Versus Standardisation. the Case of Norwegian Bokmal: Some
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Teaching Immigrants Norwegian Culture to Support Their Language Learning
International Education Studies; Vol. 6, No. 3; 2013 ISSN 1913-9020 E-ISSN 1913-9039 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Teaching Immigrants Norwegian Culture to Support Their Language Learning Awal Mohammed Alhassan1 & Ahmed Bawa Kuyini2 1 Adult Education Unit, Pb 1306, 1401 Ski, Norway 2 School of Education, University of New England, Australia Correspondence: Kuyini Ahmed Bawa, School of Education, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia. Tel: 61-267-733-676. E-mail: [email protected] Received: December 17, 2012 Accepted: December 25, 2012 Online Published: January 15, 2013 doi:10.5539/ies.v6n3p15 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n3p15 Abstract This study was conducted with 48 adult immigrant students studying Norwegian under basic education program of the Ski Municipality Adult Education Unit between 2009-2011. Using the framework of Genc and Bada (2005), we tried to replicate their study in new setting –Norway. The study investigated migrant students’ perceptions learning Norwegian culture and its effects on their learning of the Norwegian language. The participants responded to a set of questionnaire and one open-ended question adapted from Bada (2000) and Genc and Bada (2005). Descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis procedures were used to analyse the data. The results showed that teaching culture to immigrant students raised their cultural awareness of their own and the Norwegian society. It also improved both their language skills and attitudes to the Norwegian culture. The study revealed some similarity between the students’ views and the theoretical benefits of a culture class as argued by some experts in the field. -
SAS1 4.Language Conflict and Planning 20Th
Language conflict and language planning: Norwegian in the 20th C. SAS1. February 13, 2015 Repetition: 19 th Century Two strategies to develop a new written standard of Norwegian: evolution vs. revolution 1 Should the standard be based on the “daily speech of the educated classes” or dialects? Each strategy was built on an ideal. They both made rational sense in relation to that ideal, but each was also exclusionary. Aasen • wanted to find the true language of Norway • outside influence must be filtered – populations that had more contact with, and were more influenced by, Danish culture were not as legitimately Norwegian • exclusion of a large urban population 2 Aasens most important principle: all phonological and morphological distinctions that comes from Old Norse and still exists in dialects, are to be used in writing Protonorwegian – the reconstruction of a hypothetical first dialect – Looking into an unknown first level in language history from where all dialects emerged Knudsen • wanted to maintain a modern and educated system • no sense in turning to the past when modern, educated people are living day to day using a new form • easier to modify current written form to fit the way people spoke, but based only on the speech of one population • exclusion of a large rural population 3 Knudsen • valued modernity, education • expected the languages to continue evolving • expected more interaction between rural and urban areas, thus a merging of the two written varieties? • thought Aasens form was too complicated, people would adopt -
Is Spoken Danish Less Intelligible Than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J
Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly To cite this version: Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly. Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?. Speech Communication, Elsevier : North-Holland, 2010, 52 (11-12), pp.1022. 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005. hal-00698848 HAL Id: hal-00698848 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00698848 Submitted on 18 May 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Accepted Manuscript Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish? Charlotte Gooskens, Vincent J. van Heuven, Renée van Bezooijen, Jos J.A. Pacilly PII: S0167-6393(10)00109-3 DOI: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 Reference: SPECOM 1901 To appear in: Speech Communication Received Date: 3 August 2009 Revised Date: 31 May 2010 Accepted Date: 11 June 2010 Please cite this article as: Gooskens, C., van Heuven, V.J., van Bezooijen, R., Pacilly, J.J.A., Is spoken Danish less intelligible than Swedish?, Speech Communication (2010), doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2010.06.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. -
The Norse Element in the Orkney Dialect Donna Heddle
The Norse element in the Orkney dialect Donna Heddle 1. Introduction The Orkney and Shetland Islands, along with Caithness on the Scottish mainland, are identified primarily in terms of their Norse cultural heritage. Linguistically, in particular, such a focus is an imperative for maintaining cultural identity in the Northern Isles. This paper will focus on placing the rise and fall of Orkney Norn in its geographical, social, and historical context and will attempt to examine the remnants of the Norn substrate in the modern dialect. Cultural affiliation and conflict is what ultimately drives most issues of identity politics in the modern world. Nowhere are these issues more overtly stated than in language politics. We cannot study language in isolation; we must look at context and acculturation. An interdisciplinary study of language in context is fundamental to the understanding of cultural identity. This politicising of language involves issues of cultural inheritance: acculturation is therefore central to our understanding of identity, its internal diversity, and the porousness or otherwise of a language or language variant‘s cultural borders with its linguistic neighbours. Although elements within Lowland Scotland postulated a Germanic origin myth for itself in the nineteenth century, Highlands and Islands Scottish cultural identity has traditionally allied itself to the Celtic origin myth. This is diametrically opposed to the cultural heritage of Scotland‘s most northerly island communities. 2. History For almost a thousand years the language of the Orkney Islands was a variant of Norse known as Norroena or Norn. The distinctive and culturally unique qualities of the Orkney dialect spoken in the islands today derive from this West Norse based sister language of Faroese, which Hansen, Jacobsen and Weyhe note also developed from Norse brought in by settlers in the ninth century and from early Icelandic (2003: 157). -
Review Article: English Influence on the Scandinavian Languages
Review Article: English Influence on the Scandinavian Languages STIG JOHANSSON Harriet Sharp, English in spoken Swedish: A corpus study of two discourse domains. Stockholm Studies in English 95. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wikseil. 2001. ISBN 91-22-01934-0. 1. Introduction The development of English is truly remarkable. 400 years ago it was spoken by a mere 4 to 5 million people in a limited geographical area. Now it is the native language of several hundred million people in many parts of the world. It is a second language in many countries and is studied as a foreign language in every corner of the world. English is a global language, to quote from the tide of a recent book by David Crystal (1997). The role of English is frequently debated. English has been described as a murder language, threatening the existence of local languages. The spread of English was described as linguistic imperialism in a book by Robert Phillipson (1992). The role of English is a topic frequently raised in the press. 40 years ago the readers of Dagbladet in Norway could read the following statement by a well-known publisher (quoted in translation): The small language communities today are in danger of being absorbed by the large ones. Perhaps in ten years English will have won the day in Iceland, in thirty years in Norway. NORDIC JOURNAL OF ENGLISH STUDIES VOL. I No. 1 89 English Influence on the Scandinavian Languages In Norway there have been several campaigns against unwanted English influence and for the protection of the linguistic environment (språklig miljøvern). -
The Norwegian Ancestry of Oscar Martin Remington; Tracing His
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Faculty Publications 2018 The orN wegian Ancestry of Oscar Martin Remington; Tracing his Roots in Roldal Parish, Hordaland County and Suldal Parish, Rogaland County, Norway and Telling the Story of his Family in Juneau County, Wisconsin Lawrence W. Onsager Andrews University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/pubs Part of the Genealogy Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Onsager, Lawrence W., "The orN wegian Ancestry of Oscar Martin Remington; Tracing his Roots in Roldal Parish, Hordaland County and Suldal Parish, Rogaland County, Norway and Telling the Story of his Family in Juneau County, Wisconsin" (2018). Faculty Publications. 694. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/pubs/694 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE NORWEGIAN ANCESTRY OF OSCAR MARTIN REMINGTON; TRACING HIS ROOTS IN ROLDAL PARISH, HORDALAND COUNTY AND SULDAL PARISH, ROGALAND COUNTY, NORWAY AND TELLING THE STORY OF HIS FAMILY IN JUNEAU COUNTY, WISCONSIN BY LAWRENCE W. ONSAGER THE LEMONWEIR VALLEY PRESS MAUSTON, WISCONSIN AND BERRIEN SPRINGS, MICHIGAN 2018 1 The Norwegian Ancestry of Oscar Martin Remington; Tracing His Roots in Roldal Parish, Hordaland County and Suldal Parish, Rogaland County, Norway and Telling the Story of His Family in Juneau County, Wisconsin by Lawrence Wl Onsager is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. --------------------Cataloging Data Onsager, Lawrence William, 1944- The Norwegian Ancestry of Oscar Martin Remington; Tracing His Roots in Roldal Parish, Hordaland County and Suldal Parish, Rogaland County, Norway and Telling the Story of His Family in Juneau County, Wisconsin. -
Sprog I Norden
Sprog i Norden Titel: Knud Knudsen (1812–1895): norsk skole- og språkreformator og skandinavist Forfatter: Arne Torp Kilde: Sprog i Norden, 2012, s. 1-19 [i hæftet: s. 119-138] URL: http://ojs.statsbiblioteket.dk/index.php/sin/issue/archive © Dansk Sprognævn Betingelser for brug af denne artikel Denne artikel er omfattet af ophavsretsloven, og der må citeres fra den. Følgende betingelser skal dog være opfyldt: • Citatet skal være i overensstemmelse med „god skik“ • Der må kun citeres „i det omfang, som betinges af formålet“ • Ophavsmanden til teksten skal krediteres, og kilden skal angives, jf. ovenstående bibliografiske oplysninger. Søgbarhed Artiklerne i de ældre numre af Sprog i Norden (1970-2004) er skannet og OCR-behandlet. OCR står for ’optical character recognition’ og kan ved tegngenkendelse konvertere et billede til tekst. Dermed kan man søge i teksten. Imidlertid kan der opstå fejl i tegngenkendelsen, og når man søger på fx navne, skal man være forberedt på at søgningen ikke er 100 % pålidelig. Knud Knudsen (1812–1895): norsk skole- og språkreformator og skandinavist Arne Torp Ivar Aasen (1813–1896) og Knud Knudsen (1813–1896) er de to store navna i norsk språkhistorie på 1800-tallet, men Aasen er nok vesentlig bedre kjent både i Norge og ellers i verden enn Knudsen. Dette er heller ikke så merkelig: Aasen grunnla nemlig den ene av de to offisielle norske målformene, lands- målet eller nynorsken, men Knudsens andel i bokmålet eller riksmålet består i at han var den ivrigste pådriveren for å fornorske dansken, som det ble kalt. Utgangspunktet hans var da den uttalen av dansk skriftspråk som var vanlig i den norske overklassa, den såkalte dannede dagligtale. -
Norwegian; a Comprehensive Grammar
Norwegian A Comprehensive Grammar Norwegian: A Comprehensive Grammar is a complete reference guide to modern Norwegian (the Bokmål standard). The Grammar is an essential source for the serious student of Norwegian, and for students of compar- ative linguistics. It is ideal for use in colleges, universities and adult classes of all types. The volume is organised to promote a thorough understanding of Norwegian grammar. It presents the complexities of Norwegian in a concise and read- able form. Explanations are full, clear and free of jargon. Throughout, the emphasis is on Norwegian as used by present-day native speakers. An extensive index, numbered paragraphs, cross-references and summary charts provide readers with easy access to the information they require. Philip Holmes is Reader Emeritus in Scandinavian Studies at the University of Hull, UK, and co-author of four grammars of Swedish and Danish for Routledge, as well as Colloquial Swedish (2016). Hans-Olav Enger is Professor of Scandinavian Linguistics at Institutt for lingvistiske og nordiske studier at Oslo University, Norway. He has edited Norsk Lingvistisk Tidsskrift, is currently editor of Maal og Minne and is the author of many articles and book chapters on the Norwegian language, as well as co-author of Innføring i norsk grammatikk – Morfologi og syntaks. Routledge Comprehensive Grammars Comprehensive Grammars are available for the following languages: Bengali Burmese Cantonese Chinese Catalan Cantonese Danish Dutch Finnish French Creoles Greek Indonesian Japanese Kazakh Korean -
Norsk Ordbok - the Crown of Nynorsk Lexicography?
Lars S. Vik0r, Sectionfor Norwegian Lexicography, University ofOslo Norsk Ordbok - the Crown of Nynorsk Lexicography? Abstract Norsk Ordbok 'Norwegian Dictionary' is a multi-volume dictionary of the Norwegian standard variety Nynorsk and the Norwegian dialects. It is one of the very few dictionaries which cover both a written standard language and the oral dialects on which this standard is based. It was initiated around 1930, based on dialect material collected by volunteers and stored in a vast card archive, and on a variety of written sources. At present, three oftwelve planned volumes have appeared, reaching into g. The paper gives a historical outline of the project, followed by a brief description of its structure and the types of information it gives. This is exemplified by the treatment of one particular word, bunad. Finally, some fundamental problems are briefly discussed: 1) the selection of lemmas, 2) the character of the sources, 3) the treatment of dialect forms, 4) the sequence of definitions. The full title of Norsk Ordbok is Norsk Ordbok. Ordbok over det norske folkemâlet og det nynorske skriftmâlet 'Norwegian Dictionary. A dic tionary of the Norwegian popular language [i.e. the Norwegian dialects], and the Nynorsk written language'. This title at once indicates the dual aspect of the dictionary: It gives integrated coverage of both oral dialects and a written standard language. This dual aspect is the most special distinguishing feature of Norsk Ordbok as a lexicographic work. Normally, dictionaries cover written standard languages or some aspect of them (or, in the case of pro nouncing dictionaries, oral standard language). -
Sixth Periodical Report Presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in Accordance with Article 15 of the Charter
Strasbourg, 19 February 2018 MIN-LANG (2018) PR 1 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter GERMANY Sixth Report of the Federal Republic of Germany pursuant to Article 15 (1) of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages 2017 3 Table of contents A. PRELIMINARY REMARKS ................................................................................................................8 B. UPDATED GEOGRAPHIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION ...............................................9 C. GENERAL TRENDS..........................................................................................................................10 I. CHANGED FRAMEWORK CONDITIONS......................................................................................................10 II. LANGUAGE CONFERENCE, NOVEMBER 2014 .........................................................................................14 III. DEBATE ON THE CHARTER LANGUAGES IN THE GERMAN BUNDESTAG, JUNE 2017..............................14 IV. ANNUAL IMPLEMENTATION CONFERENCE ...............................................................................................15 V. INSTITUTE FOR THE LOW GERMAN LANGUAGE, FEDERAL COUNCIL FOR LOW GERMAN ......................15 VI. BROCHURE OF THE FEDERAL MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR ....................................................................19 VII. LOW GERMAN IN BRANDENBURG.......................................................................................................19 -
The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte
The Position of Frisian in the Germanic Language Area Charlotte Gooskens and Wilbert Heeringa 1. Introduction Among the Germanic varieties the Frisian varieties in the Dutch province of Friesland have their own position. The Frisians are proud of their language and more than 350,000 inhabitants of the province of Friesland speak Frisian every day. Heeringa (2004) shows that among the dialects in the Dutch language area the Frisian varieties are most distant with respect to standard Dutch. This may justify the fact that Frisian is recognized as a second official language in the Netherlands. In addition to Frisian, in some towns and on some islands a mixed variety is used which is an intermediate form between Frisian and Dutch. The variety spoken in the Frisian towns is known as Town Frisian1. The Frisian language has existed for more than 2000 years. Genetically the Frisian dialects are most closely related to the English language. However, historical events have caused the English and the Frisian language to diverge, while Dutch and Frisian have converged. The linguistic distance to the other Germanic languages has also altered in the course of history due to different degrees of linguistic contact. As a result traditional genetic trees do not give an up-to-date representation of the distance between the modern Germanic languages. In the present investigation we measured linguistic distances between Frisian and the other Germanic languages in order to get an impression of the effect of genetic relationship and language contact for the position of the modern Frisian language on the Germanic language map. -
An Update and Extension of the META-NET Study “Europe’S Languages in the Digital Age”
An Update and Extension of the META-NET Study “Europe’s Languages in the Digital Age” Georg Rehm1, Hans Uszkoreit1, Ido Dagan2, Vartkes Goetcherian3, Mehmet Ugur Dogan4, Coskun Mermer4, Tamás Varadi5, Sabine Kirchmeier-Andersen6, Gerhard Stickel7, Meirion Prys Jones8, Stefan Oeter9, Sigve Gramstad10 META-NET META-NET META-NET META-NET DFKI GmbH Bar-Ilan University Arax Ltd. Tübitak Bilgem Berlin, Germany1 Tel Aviv, Israel2 Luxembourg3 Gebze, Turkey4 EFNIL, META-NET EFNIL, META-NET EFNIL NPLD Hungarian Academy of Sciences Danish Language Council Institut für Deutsche Sprache Network to Promote Ling. Diversity Budapest, Hungary5 Copenhagen, Denmark6 Mannheim, Germany7 Cardiff, Wales8 Council of Europe, Com. of Experts Council of Europe, Com. of Experts University of Hamburg Bergen, Norway10 Hamburg, Germany9 Abstract This paper extends and updates the cross-language comparison of LT support for 30 European languages as published in the META-NET Language White Paper Series. The updated comparison confirms the original results and paints an alarming picture: it demonstrates that there are even more dramatic differences in LT support between the European languages. Keywords: LR National/International Projects, Infrastructural/Policy Issues, Multilinguality, Machine Translation 1. Introduction and Overview This paper extends and updates one important result of the work carried out within the META-VISION pillar The multilingual setup of our European society im- of the initiative, the cross-language comparison of LT poses societal challenges on political, economic and support for 30 European languages as published in the social integration and inclusion, especially in the cre- META-NET Language White Paper Series (Rehm and ation of the single digital market and unified informa- Uszkoreit, 2012).