Las Reinas-Faraón En El Antiguo Egipto
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Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare
Ancient Egyptian Royal Circumcision from the Pyramid Complex of Djedkare • XLIX/2 • pp. 155–164 • 2011 mohAmED mEGAhED, hAnA VYmAZALoVÁ ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ROYAL CIRCUMCISION FROM THE PYRAMID COMPLEX OF DJEDKARE ABSTRACT: Male circumcision in ancient Egypt is well documented in representative scenes in tombs, as well as in physical remains of Egyptian people from various periods. Scenes showing the operation of circumcision are however very rare and only a few examples have been preserved from the millennia of Egyptian history. This paper presents another example of such a scene, which was found on a relief fragment discovered in the pyramid complex of the Fifth Dynasty king Djedkare. At the moment, it is the oldest preserved depiction of this operation known so far, and it probably played a ritual function within the king's pyramid complex decoration program. KEY WORDS: Ancient Egypt – Djedkare – Relief – Circumcision INTRODUCTION numerous fragments of reliefs have been found in the late Fifth Dynasty pyramid complex of Djedkare in As well as the other old Kingdom pyramid complexes, South Saqqara (Figure 1) by the Egyptian archaeological Djedkare's pyramid complex was badly damaged over missions between the 1940s and 1980s, when limited and time, and as a result of the reuse of its building materials unsystematic excavations were carried out in the funerary throughout succeeding generations. modern excavation temple under the direction of Abdel Salam mohamed of the monuments have however begun to reveal the hussain, Ahmed Fakhry, and mahmoud Abdel Razek. architectural plan of the sites and have brought to light Results of this work were never fully published and the fragments of decoration programs of the individual fragments of relief decoration have not been available complexes; these provide us with partial information about for the scientific public (see Fakhry 1959: 10, 30, Leclant the kings and their reigns. -
Reading G Uide
1 Reading Guide Introduction Pharaonic Lives (most items are on map on page 10) Bodies of Water Major Regions Royal Cities Gulf of Suez Faiyum Oasis Akhetaten Sea The Levant Alexandria Nile River Libya Avaris Nile cataracts* Lower Egypt Giza Nile Delta Nubia Herakleopolis Magna Red Sea Palestine Hierakonpolis Punt Kerma *Cataracts shown as lines Sinai Memphis across Nile River Syria Sais Upper Egypt Tanis Thebes 2 Chapter 1 Pharaonic Kingship: Evolution & Ideology Myths Time Periods Significant Artifacts Predynastic Origins of Kingship: Naqada Naqada I The Narmer Palette Period Naqada II The Scorpion Macehead Writing History of Maqada III Pharaohs Old Kingdom Significant Buildings Ideology & Insignia of Middle Kingdom Kingship New Kingdom Tombs at Abydos King’s Divinity Mythology Royal Insignia Royal Names & Titles The Book of the Heavenly Atef Crown The Birth Name Cow Blue Crown (Khepresh) The Golden Horus Name The Contending of Horus Diadem (Seshed) The Horus Name & Seth Double Crown (Pa- The Nesu-Bity Name Death & Resurrection of Sekhemty) The Two Ladies Name Osiris Nemes Headdress Red Crown (Desheret) Hem Deities White Crown (Hedjet) Per-aa (The Great House) The Son of Re Horus Bull’s tail Isis Crook Osiris False beard Maat Flail Nut Rearing cobra (uraeus) Re Seth Vocabulary Divine Forces demi-god heka (divine magic) Good God (netjer netjer) hu (divine utterance) Great God (netjer aa) isfet (chaos) ka-spirit (divine energy) maat (divine order) Other Topics Ramesses II making sia (Divine knowledge) an offering to Ra Kings’ power -
Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez
Facultad de Filosofía y Letras Grado en Historia La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón Director: José Ramón Aja Sánchez Curso 2014 / 2015 Resumen (Abstract) Palabras clave (Keywords) ÍNDICE 1. Introducción………………………………………………………….……….…..….3 1.1. La corregencia femenina en el Egipto Dinástico………………….….….……4 1.2. El mito y la teogonía en el trasfondo del tema………….…………..…...….....5 1.3. Naturaleza del trabajo, objetivos y fuentes antiguas sobre el tema.…….…..9 2. Catálogo………………………………………………………………….….…........11 2.1. La reina Merneith (Dinastía I)………………………………………….…….13 2.2. La reina Jentkaus I (Dinastía V)…………………………………...….….…..18 2.3. La reina Nitocris (Dinastía VI)………………………………………….…....24 2.4. La reina Sobekneferu: (Dinastía XII)………………………………………..28 2.5. La reina Hatshepsut: (Dinastía XVIII)………………………………….…..32 2.6. La reina Tausert: (Dinastía XIX)……………………………………….…...38 2.7. La reina Cleopatra (Dinastía Ptolemaica)……………………………..….....43 3. Conclusiones………………………………………………………………..……....48 4. Índices……………………………………………………………………….….…..51 5. Bibliografía…………………………………………………………………….…..52 1 Título: La mujer en el poder político del Egipto Antiguo: ¿Reinas o corregentes? Title: The Woman in Political Power in Ancient Egypt: Queens or Regents? Autora: Cira Domínguez Tazón (Universidad de Cantabria) Resumen: El trono y poder político de Egipto, como también la administración y las instituciones del Estado, estaban reservados sólo a los varones. Ésta fue la situación general habida en el Mundo Antiguo, de la que Egipto no fue excepción. No obstante, este trabajo se centra en un pequeño grupo de mujeres que gobernaron el país, bien como reinas de hecho (temporalmente), o bien como auténticos monarcas (indefinidamente y ostentando incluso los títulos y los atributos de los faraones). -
Makale BAŞLIĞI
Cemal YILMAZ Dr., Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı Dr., Pamukkale University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of History [email protected] ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3475-054X Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi – International Journal of Ancient History 2/2, Eylül - September 2020 Samsun E-ISSN: 2667-7059 (Online) www.oannesjournal.com https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/oannes Makale Türü-Article Type : Araştırma Makalesi-Research Article Geliş Tarihi-Received Date : 15.08.2020 Kabul Tarihi-Accepted Date : 08.09.2020 Sayfa-Pages : 277 – 300. This article was checked by Viper or Atıf – Citation: YILMAZ, Cemal, “Hatşepsut: Naibelikten Firavunluğa Yürüyen Bir Kraliçe”, OANNES – Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2/2, Eylül 2020, ss. 277 – 300. Uluslararası Eskiçağ Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi International Journal of Ancient History 2/2, Eylül - September 2020 277 – 300 Makale Türü: Araştırma Makalesi ﹡ Cemal YILMAZ Öz Abstract Yeni Krallık Dönemi’nde18. Hanedan’ın During the New Kingdom Period, mensubu olarak önce kral naibi, Hatshepsut, who was first the regent ardından ise kral (firavun) olup yönetimde and then the king (pharaoh) as a etkili olan Hatşepsut, Eski Mısır’ın önde member of the 18th Dynasty, was one of gelen şahsiyetlerindendir. Kocası II. the leading figures of Ancient Egypt. Tutmosis’in ölümü üzerine tahta geçen Hatshepsut temporarily took over the III. Tutmosis’in yaşının çok küçük administration as regent, due to the very olmasından dolayı Hatşepsut kral naibi young age of Tutmosis III, who took the olarak yönetimi geçici olarak devralmıştır. throne after the death of her husband Ancak günden güne güçlenen kraliçe, Tutmosis II. However, the queen, who üvey oğlu III. -
Hatshepsut 1. Historical Context
Option A: Hatshepsut 1. Historical Context 1.1 Geography, topography, and resources of Egypt and its neighbours Geography • Egypt is referred to as the Black Land (Kemet) comprising the triangular delta, Faiyum and long fertile strip on either side of the Nile river • Separated into Upper and Lower Egypt • The desert areas are known as Red Land (Deshret) and comprised the Western desert, the Eastern desert, and Sinai. • Extensive desert provided natural defence and resources • Fertile area was lush and ordered, exploited by mining expeditions organised by Pharaoh • Isolation by the Nile valley and sea meant Egypt had long been self-sufficient and was relatively free of invaders. Isolation led to a culture unique compared to those on the fertile crescent and mainland. • “Gift of the Nile” HERODOTUS • Invasion of N Egypt by Hyksos shattered their sense of security → resulted in expulsion of Hyksos and creation of the New Kingdom Role and Function of The Nile • Nile is the major north-east African river that flows toward the northern side of African territory • The Nile River flows north 5470km to reach the southern border of Egypt. The northern section of the river flows through the desert, from Sudan to Egypt. • River Nile flows through ten countries ending up in a large delta – Finally the river flows into the Mediterranean Sea. • The basics of the Egyptian diet (bread and beer provided by wheat and barley) was ensured by the annual inundation. Inundation: Annual floods made Egypt fertile since there was limited natural rainfall. • Provided Papyrus (plant grown along the Nile from which paper was made) • The trades between various countries along the river Nile made Egypt an economically secured nation Resources of Egypt Sinai Copper, turquoise Provided an enormous range of wild fowl Delta that were hunted Provided a plentiful supply of fish, produced crops, and breeding of animals, grew The Nile River wheat, barley, flax, fruit, and vegetables. -
Cwiek, Andrzej. Relief Decoration in the Royal
Andrzej Ćwiek RELIEF DECORATION IN THE ROYAL FUNERARY COMPLEXES OF THE OLD KINGDOM STUDIES IN THE DEVELOPMENT, SCENE CONTENT AND ICONOGRAPHY PhD THESIS WRITTEN UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROF. KAROL MYŚLIWIEC INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY FACULTY OF HISTORY WARSAW UNIVERSITY 2003 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work would have never appeared without help, support, advice and kindness of many people. I would like to express my sincerest thanks to: Professor Karol Myśliwiec, the supervisor of this thesis, for his incredible patience. Professor Zbigniew Szafrański, my first teacher of Egyptian archaeology and subsequently my boss at Deir el-Bahari, colleague and friend. It was his attitude towards science that influenced my decision to become an Egyptologist. Professor Lech Krzyżaniak, who offered to me really enormous possibilities of work in Poznań and helped me to survive during difficult years. It is due to him I have finished my thesis at last; he asked me about it every time he saw me. Professor Dietrich Wildung who encouraged me and kindly opened for me the inventories and photographic archives of the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, and Dr. Karla Kroeper who enabled my work in Berlin in perfect conditions. Professors and colleagues who offered to me their knowledge, unpublished material, and helped me in various ways. Many scholars contributed to this work, sometimes unconsciously, and I owe to them much, albeit all the mistakes and misinterpretations are certainly by myself. Let me list them in an alphabetical order, pleno titulo: Hartwig -
0852 Anc.Soc. 02 Bennett
CLEOPATRA V TRYPHÆNA AND THE GENEALOGY OF THE LATER PTOLEMIES* According to a fragment of Porphyry, a daughter of Ptolemy X Alexan- der I and Berenice III, of unknown name, accompanied her parents at the time of her father’s deposition and flight in 881. We are told nothing else about her. This paper explores the hypothesis that she was the future Cleopatra V Tryphæna. The discussion touches on several other uncer- tain points in the female genealogy of the later Ptolemies. 1. THE NATURE OF THE SOURCES The evidence for the genealogy of the later Ptolemies falls into two classes. The classical authors provide the bulk of our sources. These works give us a complete genealogy of the line of succession down to Ptolemy X. We are also given the paternity of the remaining rulers — Berenice III, Ptolemy XI Alexander II, Ptolemy XII Auletes, Berenice IV, Cleopatra VII and her brothers — but in none of these cases are we told the names of their mothers. Moreover, much of the classical evi- dence for the later Ptolemies is presented incidentally to the author’s main purpose, not all these authors are fully reliable, nor are they all mutually consistent. Two of the principal sources — Pompeius Trogus and Porphyry — survive only in fragmentary and redacted form, in the works of compilers (Justin and Eusebius, respectively) who lived and wrote several centuries later. The second class of evidence comes from the contemporary inscrip- tions and papyri discovered in Egypt over the last two centuries. These have provided us with a highly refined chronology of changes in the political regime (at least, as seen locally), and have allowed us to track in fine detail changes in royal titulary and the evolution of the royal * I am very grateful to Prof. -
The History of Female Empowerment I: Regna
The History of Female Empowerment I: Regna December 7, 2019 Category: History Download as PDF One of the most significant neolithic societies of south-eastern Europe (in what would later be Dacia / Transnistria) is now known to archeologists as the Cucuteni-Trypillian civilization, which subsisted from the 6th to early 3rd millennium B.C. Their culture was overtly matriarchal; and their godhead was a female. The next major civilization (from c. 2600 B.C. to c. 1100 B.C.) was that of the Minoans, primarily located on Crete. That was also a predominantly matriarchal culture. The Minoans worshipped only goddesses (a precursor to Rhe[i]a–inspiration for the mythical princess, Ariadne). The enfranchisement of women goes back to the Bronze Age. Notable were the Sumerian “naditu”: women who owned and managed their own businesses. This is a reminder that mankind is a work-in- progress, making advancements in fits and starts. Such cultural saltations often occur pursuant to revolutionary movements; but sometimes civility is–as it were–baked into the cultural fabric by some serendipitous accident of history. To assay the empowerment of women across history and geography, let’s begin by surveying five ancient societies. Ancient Bharat[a] (India): Even as it was addled by the precedent of “varna” (a de facto caste system), the majority of women had a right to an education. Indeed, literacy was encouraged amongst both men and women; and it was even common for women to become “acharyas” (teachers). In the Cullavagga section of the “Vinaya Pitaka” (ref. the Pali Canon), Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) declared that women are every bit as capable of achieving enlightenment as are men. -
473 Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 6 DESCENDANCIES PTOLEMAIC
Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 6 DESCENDANCIES PTOLEMAIC MONARCHS/RELATIVES Ptolemy II Philadelphus to Ptolemy VIII Physcon Refer to prefaces of Attachments 4 and 5 for source information, manners of identification, etc. (1) Resumed from Appendix 3A, VI, Attachment 4, B(6). Ptolemy II Philadelphus / + ? / + ? / + Arsinoe [#3] (3A,VI,Att.4,C(1)/ / + Arsinoe [#2] (3A,VI,Att.4,C(1) / / / / / -- Berenice [II] Ptolemy III a Son a Son Berenice IV + Antiochus II Euergetes (3A,VI,Att. 5(1) / + Berenice IV / + Berenice III (3A,VI,Att.4,B(6) / + ? / + ? / or + Agathocleia / Queen of Cyrene a Son-- a Daughter-- / ? “Brother,” “Sister,” Ptolemy IV Philopater undesignated, undesignated, Continued in part (2) -----------of Ptolemy IV------------ Ptolemy II ultimately succeeded Ptolemy I--who “died in the 84th year of his age, after a reign of 39 years, about 284 years before Christ”--when Ptolemy Ceraunus of Macedon (son of Ptolemy I by Eurydice #3), was unable to mount the Egyptian throne. L 511; 3A, VI, Attachment 4, C(6) and narrative E. “Laodike [Laodice #2], wife of Antiochos II [Attachment 5, (1)] was divorced by him in 252 in order to marry Berenike [Berenice II], daughter of Ptolemais II, a marriage that appears to have been one of the conditions for ending the Second Syrian War.” Burstein, p. 32, fn. 2. (After a revolt by Ptolemy II’s [half-] “brother [by the same mother] Magas, king of Cyrene, which had been kindled by Antiochus [II] the Syrian king,” there was “re-established peace for some time in the family of Philadelphus. Antiochus [II]...married Berenice [II] the daughter of Ptolemy [II]. -
The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt
Texte und Studien zum Antiken Judentum herausgegeben von Martin Hengel und Peter Schäfer 7 The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt The Struggle for Equal Rights by Aryeh Kasher J. C. B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen Revised and translated from the Hebrew original: rponm fl'taDij'jnn DnSQ HliT DDTlinsT 'jp Dpanaa (= Publications of the Diaspora Research Institute and the Haim Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies, edited by Shlomo Simonsohn, Book 23). Tel Aviv University 1978. CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Kasher, Aryeh: The Jews in Hellenistic and Roman Egypt: the struggle for equal rights / Aryeh Kasher. - Tübingen: Mohr, 1985. (Texte und Studien zum antiken Judentum; 7) ISBN 3-16-144829-4 NE: GT First Hebrew edition 1978 Revised English edition 1985 © J. C. B. Möhr (Paul Siebeck) Tübingen 1985. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. / All rights reserved. Printed in Germany. Säurefreies Papier von Scheufeien, Lenningen. Typeset: Sam Boyd Enterprise, Singapore. Offsetdruck: Guide-Druck GmbH, Tübingen. Einband: Heinr. Koch, Tübingen. In memory of my parents Maniya and Joseph Kasher Preface The Jewish Diaspora has been part and parcel of Jewish history since its earliest days. The desire of the Jews to maintain their na- tional and religious identity, when scattered among the nations, finds its actual expression in self organization, which has served to a ram- part against external influence. The dispersion of the people in modern times has become one of its unique characteristics. Things were different in classical period, and especially in the Hellenistic period, following the conquests of Alexander the Great, when disper- sion and segregational organization were by no means an exceptional phenomenon, as revealed by a close examination of the history of other nations. -
Catalogue Publications Czech Institute of Egyptology
Catalogue Publications Czech Institute of Egyptology Miroslav Bárta – Filip Coppens – Jaromír Krejčí (eds.) Abusir and Saqqara in the Year 2015 Charles University, Fauclty of Arts, Prague 2017 695 pages, 30 cm The Czech Institute of Egyptology of the Charles University in Prague has since the start of the third millennium established the tradition of organizing on a regular basis a platform for scholars, active in the pyramid fields and the cemeteries of the Memphite region (Abusir, Saqqara, Dahshur and Giza in particular), to meet, exchange information and establish further cooperation. The present volume, containing 43 contributions by 53 scholars, is the result of the already fourth “Abusir and Saqqara” conference held in June 2015. The volume reflects the widespread, often multidisciplinary interest of many researchers into a wide variety of different topics related to the Memphite necropoleis. Recurring topics of the studies include a focus on archaeology, the theory of artifacts, iconographic and art historian studies, and the research of largely unpublished archival materials. An overwhelming number of contributions (31) is dedicated to various aspects of Old Kingdom archaeology and most present specific aspects linked with archaeological excavations, both past and present. 190 EUR (4864 CZK) Miroslav Verner Abusir XXVIII. The Statues of Raneferef and the Royal Sculpture of the Fifth Dynasty Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Arts, Prague 2017 259 pages, 31 cm Czech archaeological team discovered in the mortuary temple of Raneferef in Abusir in the 1980s fragments of about a dozen of the statues of the king, including his six complete likenesses. The monograph presents a detailed description and discussion of Raneferef’s statues in the broader context of the royal sculpture of the Fifth Dynasty. -
Queen Regency in the Seleucid Empire
Interregnum: Queen Regency in the Seleucid Empire by Stacy Reda A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in Ancient Mediterranean Cultures Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 2014 © Stacy Reda 2014 Author’s Declaration I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. This is a true copy of the thesis, including any required final revisions, as accepted by my examiners. I understand that my thesis may be made electronically available to the public. ii Abstract An examination of the ancient sources indicates that there were possibly seven Queens Regent throughout the course of the Seleucid Dynasty: Apama, Laodice I, Berenice Syra, Laodice III, Laodice IV, Cleopatra I Thea, and Cleopatra II Selene. This thesis examines the institution of Queen Regency in the Seleucid Dynasty, the power and duties held by the Queen Regent, and the relationship between the Queen and her son—the royal heir. This thesis concludes that Queen Regency was not a set office and that there were multiple reasons and functions that could define a queen as a regent. iii Acknowledgements I give my utmost thanks and appreciation to the University of Waterloo’s Department of Classical Studies. The support that I have received from all members of the faculty during my studies has made a great impact on my life for which I will always be grateful. Special thanks to my advisor, Dr. Sheila Ager, for mentoring me through this process, and Dr. Maria Liston (Anthropology) for her support and guidance.