;

TIAMBURG. in. Route. 101

box 4 J. ; from the Berlin-Hamburg to the Altona station 1 M. ; Flottbeck 2<|4 M. ; suburb of St. George 10 J.; Grasbrook 12 J.; Wandsbeck 11(2 M. — Between 10 and 11 p. m. one-half more; from 11 p. m. to 5 a. m. double fares. Post Office (.PL 36), Post-Str. Fifteen branch-offices in different parts of the town. Telegraph Office at the General Post Office.

Omnibus every 7 min. from the Schweinemarkt (PI. G , 3) to Altona (p. 110), by a different route alternately, fare 3 half the distance J'., 2 J.; i|4 to Hamm and Horn (p. 108) from the Rathhausmarkt every hr. ; to Ep- peniiorf (p. lOT) and Lockstedi in summer every hour , in winter every 2 hrs., from Her^-Str. 19; to Harharg three times daily from Schliiter, near

St. Peter\s I 14 with luggage J., 20 J'.). Tramway (starting from the Rathhaus-Markt, PI. E, 4). 1. To Wands- i|2 beck (p. lOS) every 12 min. , 3 J. ; 2. To Barmheck every hr. ; 3. To i|2 EimsbiUlel every hr. ; 4. To Hoheluft, eight times daily. Junction Railway ('Verbindungsbahn') between Hamburg and Altona:

15 trains daily from the Berlin station at the Klostevthov (PI. G , H, 4) to the station of the Blankenese and Kiel railway at Altona (p. 110). The intervening stations are the Dammthor (PI. F. 1), Sternschanze, and Schul- terblatt (comp. Map, p. 106). Steamboats (comp. advertisements). 1. On the AUter. Small screw- steamers, leaving the Jungfernstieg every 10 min., touch at the Lombards- briicke, and then at Alslerglacis, Rabenslrasse , and Eppendorf on the W. bank of the Aussen-Alster , and at St. George (at two places), UhlenTiorst (at three places), and Miihlenknmp (comp. p. 107, and Map) on the E. bank fares 2, 4 — 2. On the Elbe. To Blankenese several 3, J'. (p. 108) times daily; to Harburg (p. 99) 12—14 times, via Altona; to Stade (p. 108) twice daily; to Cuxhaveu (p. 108) several times a week; ferry from St. Paiili to the Sleiiiiccirder at frequent intervals during the day. — Deep Sea StC(iiii.i-rs. To lleligoUind see p. 108. Communication with European and foreign ports, see advertisements at the Exchange. English Church (PI. 20), near the Millern-Thor.

Hamburg, with 270,000 inliMb. , is the largest of the three free Hanseatifi towns of the German I'^nipire, and next to London, Liver- pool, and Glasgow, the most important commercial place in Europe. It is advantageously situated on the broad lower Elbe, in which the tide rises twice daily so as to admit of the entrance of vessels of considerable tonnage, and is also connected by railways with every part of Europe. The town consists of the Altstadt and Neustadt, formerly surrounded by fortifications , and the suburbs of St. George (N.E.) and St. PdiUi [W.), adjoining which a new quarter has recently sprung up on the N., outside the Dammthor. Hamburg also lies on the Alster, a small stream from the N. , which forms a large basin outside the town, and a smaller one within it, termed the Aussen and Binnen- Alster respectively , and is then discharged through locks into the canals (Fleete) and branches of the Elbe which flow through the lower part of the town. Nothing certain is known of the origin of Hamburg, but it is probable that the advantages of its site were appreciated at a very early period.

In 805 Charlemagne founded a castle here , to which he soon added a church, presided over by a bishop, v/hose mission was to propagate Chris- tianity in tliese northern regions. In 831 the diocese was elevated to the rank of an archbishopric by Louis the Pious. During the following centuries the town was frequently pillaged by Danes, Normans, and Wends. In the 12th and 13th cent, the Counts of Holstein, within whose jurisdic- tion Hamburg was situated , and particularly Adolph IV. , became great benefactors of the town, and procured for it from the emperors many of those privileges and immunities which formed the foundation of its sub- 102 Bouteie. HAMBURG. Harbour. -

sequent independence. In 1241 Hamburg entered into a treaty with Lu- ^'^i'^l^, afterwards extended to other towns and de yelopedt^^'.T'^^'M"'into the powerfulY*« Hcmseatic League (p. 118). In the camnaipr,, nf the League the Hamburgers distinguished themselves greatfyTns^u7press Storteblcker'^they ca^ur^d Td be'heTd2;in ^(^"'"tI'"'"''^'^' -'^°'\V'=''"^^'- ..^^' subsequently succeeded in Mttark^ nf th n repelling repeated ''"^'^ "^^^ .":"® "'*'" '" possession of fh >,f /h f H f, Holstein In 15'59 lie reformed faith, and at the nolfti^fr,, same time established a fr^e ^«"''^V'-g I'Ttunately remained unaffected by ThirtyThiV V Yearsvl War,w'"""-and the during that period greatly extended her com mercial relations, which now embraced the newly discovered contine^s' of America and East Indi:,. Dissensions, however, whTch aroseZ ween the Council and the citizens in 1672 and were not a laT'ed tin 1712 nr^ved the *" welfare of the city. Toward^ the middle TIhe lastrr/.fcentury"""f*"'her prosperity began to return, chiefly owing to the establish ment of tha direct communication with America, whih^othl day form; importance ;' but at the he p"re'enfce"n^,r/v'jrcentury •^.r"'^'"""^ beginyng o « the citizens were doomed to an overwhelming InTr^ 1810l§m Hamburg was reverse annexed to the French Empire, and thf having in 1813 attempted citizens to rebel against the foreign yoke Davoust wreaked 01 aisaster, trom 1806 to 1814, the direct loss sustained by the citv is estimated at upwards of 13 million ^ ^ pounds, an enoirmous .sum in pro- portion .' to the populationponulation and thet^etliP v..,i,,<= r,f „„ „t value of money: at that period. he Peace of Vier^n. H h''"*' After 1^^"^'^ increased in extent, and standingstandin^thPthe appallingnnrfnir "r*"""^- notwith- fire which raged from 5th to 8th May 184^ and destroyed nearly a quarter of the city, and the temporary disaster's oc casioned by frequently recurring commercial crises , ^he has never ceased to prosper since she regained her independence. Down ffl the beginning of the present century Hamburg enioved con- siderable literary reputation. In /678 the first theatre in Geimany for ,''?™"=0P"-«^^as founded here; in 1767 view Leasing visited Hambu^ wUh I to assist in the foundation of a national theatre : and the taTented Klopsiock resided in the '*'^°*^'* Konigs-Strasse here from 1774 to 1803 Hamburg cannot boast of architectural monuments or scientitic or other collections commensurate with its wealth and antiquity. Ihe history of the city, together with the enterprising character of Its inhabitants, sufficiently account for the almost entire disappea- rance of^all relics of the past, and its thoroughly modern aspect. Ihe -Harbour, where numerous vessels from all quarters of the globe generally lie presents a , busy and picturesque scene The quays, recently extended, now stretch along the r. bank of the '''°' ^"0"a to the BiUwarder "fnr^ ^ Neuendeich (see Map, p. lUbJ, a distance of 3 M., and accommodate upwards of 400 sea- going vessels and as many barges and river craft. The W end of the quay, opposite St. Pauli (PL A, 5) is chiefly occupied by Eng- lish coal vessels and the steamers of the Hamburg and American to. Adjacent is the Niederhafen, destined principally for the reception of sailing vessels during the season of floating ice con- ^"'^ ^^^ Binnenhafen, ''•.wl J?u*'?*"^*'^°'''' and connected with the Elbe by several outlets (^Gatt/). The numerous Fleete, or canals, which intersect the town and fall into the Niederhafen are navigated by the 'Schulen' or , flat-bottomed boats used for convey- ^'^ magazines «"^ rrL*"* and warehouses. Farther E. are the un- Jinished *Sandthor-Hafen, 1100 yds. in length, and 100-140 yds 16. Route. 103 Elbhoke. HAMBURG.

reception of , destined for the in width, and the arasbrook-Hafen provided with steam cranes and rails l';'""^*™* steamers, and "' are the Brookthor-Hafen with the principal lines. Still farther E. of river craft, and tinaUy and the Oberhafen, for the accommodation the storage of timber which the HoLzhdfen, or wood-harbours for explore these different occupy an area of 400 acres. The visitor may hour) and thus obtam an harbours by boat Cfor 1-3 pers. 1 M. per be paid to one ot the large idea of their extent. A visit may also burden """S'lfToufsSit'eli !ni sailing vessels of an aggregate

Alton a l^O)' ^l^^'^^^^^*^ ?Leny^carrieci on via Hamburg. The port of (p. Hamburg is entered by 893 commei-daUy and politically forms a Pf^t of which lies opposite, by 661. sea-going vessels annually, Barburg, situa ed the Between the Brookthor-Hafen and the Oberhafen is Bremen and Osnabruck Kail- large new Station of the uncompleted andMastricht will afford di- way the extension of which via Wesel and Paris. Near i* /re ex- rect' communication between Hamburg About 1 M above tensive warehouses and custom-house ofttces. handsome Iron Bridge-, the station the line crosses the Elbe by a which is reached by a and then turns towards the S. to Harburg , island to the te. ot tne second bridge. The Bankenwdrder , an for combustible goods. station is occupied by warehouses islands opposite the The Steinwdrder and Kleine Grasbrook , frequently, possess Niederhafen, to which steam-ferryboats cross and afford a good sur- wharves, dry-docks, and ship-building yards, Steinwarder is the new German vey of the Hamburg quays. On the daily 10— li and Seamen's School, to which visitors are admitted

the Stintfang above the ~~The*^*Elhh61ie (PL 14), locally termed , one of the finest landing-place of the Harburg ferry, commands with its numerous is- views near the harbour, embracing the Elbe, colouved pennons, St. Pauli and lands fo est of masts, and gaily rises the Seemannshaus Altona. On the height beyond the moat cheap rate, and where unemployed mariners are accommodated at a The adjoining height the aged and sick are received gratuitously. is occupied by WiezelS Hotel (p. 100). to Hamburg on the W., better St. Pauli, the suburb contiguous frequented by sailors tor known as Hamburger Berg, is principally abound 1 he whose amusement booths and shows of every description a highly characteris- scene witnessed here on a Sunday afternoon is and itinerant vendors of tic phase of Hamburg low life. Hawkers every kind also thrive here. 104 Route 16. HAMBURG. Exchange.

The visitor may now return by the Zeughausmarkt and the Neue and Alte Steinweg the , Jews' quarter, where brokers' shops rtr'oq^" /7-^'f"n*%*?' *^- "'"^ '^"^ Grosse Michaeliskirche (Fl 2dJ, erected in 1 (OO— 6o in the degraded taste of that period with one of the loftiest towers in Europe (450 ft., that of Strassburg 4b5 ft.) which commands a very extensive prospect. (Visitors apply at Engl. Plan ke No. near 2, the W. portal, 1 pers. 1 2 pfrs ^ /2> 'J —c> pers. 2 M.) The =^=Exchange, or Borse (PI. 7), is the great focus of business, where four or live thousand brokers, merchants, and ship owners cougregrate daily between 1 and 3 o'clock. The noisy crowd may best be siu-veyed from the gallery (admission gratis, except between 1.15 and 2.15 when 4 must be J. paid). The building itself, com- pleted shortly before the great lire, escaped, while the surrounding houses were reduced to ashes. The groups surmounting the edifice

BorsenhaUe 100), with a (p reading-room, restaurant, etc., much ''''' business -hours. The 'cWerS LibraryA?" (40,000;/nnnn''/\^'vols.) contains numerous works on geography t' f fpo- litical economy, statistics, and history ^ Nearly opposite the Exchange is the Bank of Hamburg, erected after the conflagration of 1842, an establishment founded in 1619 lor the simplification of commercial account keeping ^^- °f t*^-^ Adolphs-Platz, between the fh. r ^^l Borsenbriicke and '.'*"'*'^'^ ^'^'^ ^'''^ buildings r 'w/ 1 X" ' ''!. of the PatrioUsche GeseUschaft, erected in the Gothic style after the great fire and *'' ''^"'^^"^"^^^ Gesellschaften' (p'lOO). vTLi^t/is'thr'" In tile

'^''' fronl^^R^t?.".*/''?"'^' '^^'^ '''''''' ^•i'"^"«'i g'^ti^ daily ." \^^ '^ '''^'' *™^« "» application I I i o'^"'''' to the ^^^°"d floor, opposite the transept), a??e r'fi f;'Jfo~!' erected "''''''' '' ^'"''' ''' '''' rich Gothic style of the Idth13tl . nf'^n cent. Ihe decorationsf of the exterior and interior are still uncompleted. Altar pulpit, and font in white marble, designed by 13'"'' *^' ^''^""^••'t'^"' by Steinfurtl. In 'the choir the TI welveV ;e Apostles under canopies by Winck and Neuber. In the S aisle of the choir are fine stained glass windows. The beautiful in- «--i«ty> by Plambeck, also deserves ZZ , , ':'r.'''^'

' ,,^^P"»'^'P/i;"^^ket place at Hamburg, where k mf fish o all ^/.«r4m 99^'f'?l^''4^^'™'* ''' ''''' - ^'- Catharine s ^ *^' ^.^- °^ '^*- ^'^''^"'^^ °" tl^e opposite ' side of thetWhL i ' , broad canal, escaped destruction in 1842. It contains a mod- "^^'^^ '^'''''''''''' '^ a windowwuLtaTned Ss tlr M:.n"b':rr-

Near the Exchange, to the N.E. rises *St. Peters Church /« ivV"/e. 105 Binnen-Alster. HAMHUUG.

1842, and has since been erected cm 261 whicH was burned down in 14th cent. The chou contains stained In the Gothic style of the Altar-piece, a Resurrection by da sby Kellne of Nuremberg. altar-niche an Entombment in relief, SteZfurth To the 1. in the belonged to the £ riofRome. The granite columns once S which was taken down at t^e begmnn.g of cItSal of Hamburg , the church, is he the S.E. , opposite the present century. - To in the Italian style, erected Johaineum [PI- 16), a spacious ediflce institutions of Hamburg are fnT834, where the' chief educational that name founded m iblQ t\i. established, viz. the college of in IbU and the Rea- founded , ivnmasium, or grammar-school, contains he ad- eoo'mmfrcial school. The S. wing (PI- 6) ch /ols ,and , consisting of 250 000 mirably arranged Town Library such as the biblical "OOO MSS., and comprising various curiosities, Wolff. On the ground-floor meratuie bequeathed by the Orientalist 11-1 gratis, Thurs. iatumi History Museum (Sund.toWed. the valuable nuiuerous skeletons and one of the mos 8 .) containing Here also is the Museum of collections of conchylia in Germany. curiosities is preserved Hnmbur, Antiquities, where among other the bagpipes with an ass blowing , an old tombstone representing Welt heft zik umekert, darume zo the quaint inscription, 'De hebbeikai^eeezelpipeiighelert'eezei pipcn g..vi^.i.. liebbe ik arme . ^ i Thaliu Theatre (Vl. 45) ^a tasteful^^^^^^^^^ lu the Pferdemarkt is the spectators. in 1842, with seats for 1800 Rena s ance ediflce erected of the PI. 21), which with a number Near it is the J«co6.'fe.>c/.M 1842. The d'Aevence be- surrounding houses survived the Are of the build- here very noti.^eable , tween old and modern Hamburg is numerous windowsbeing meanly con- ings of the former with their Dutch houses, while the latter structed and somewhat resembling ediflces of the 19th century are handsome and substantial termed the Alste^ The ='=Binnen-Alster and its environs, usually unquestionably Ham- Bassin(¥\. E, F, 2,3; comp, p. 101), is sheet of water, upwards of 1 M. in burg's greatest attraction. This sides by quays planted with circumference, is bounded on three hotels and handsome private dwellings, trees and flanked with palatial Jungfemstieg, ^ndthe Aister- termed respe.^tively the Alte ^.nANeue Aussen-Alster is formed damm, while the fourth side towards the means of the Lombards-Brucke. The by promenades connected by numerous diminutive screw- surface of the water is enlivened by swans, and the banks are a steamers, rowing-boats, and groups of fine summer evenings. The favourite promenade, especially on Alster-Pavilon 100) and the ALte Junqfernstieg, where the CP- scene of the are situated , is the Bazaar a glass-covered arcade , Jungfernstieg on the S.E. are busiest'trafflc. Adjoining the Alte paraUel with shops , which run the Alster Arcades with attractive Alster issuing from the Bassin , the most eastern of two arms of the the Schleusen-Brucke. and extend from the Reesendamm-Briicke to 1 06 Uoute 16. HAMBURG. Kunsthalle.

The ramparts near the Lombards-Brucke command a charming view of the expansive Aussen-Alster to the N., with its banks studded with villas, and the Binneu-Alster to the S. with the towers of the city in the background. On the W. rampart rises an Obelisk (PI. 11) to the commercial writer Prof. Busch (d. 1800); on the E a Statue of Schiller (PI. 50), erected in 1866, by Lippelt. On the Alsterhohe, to the S.E. of these monuments , rises the KunsthaUe (PI. erected 32) , in 1863—69 in the early Italian Re- naissance style. The niches and medallions of the exteiior contain statues and reliefs of distinguished artists. (Admission daily except Mond., from 1st Apr. to 30th Sept. 10—5, the rest of the year 11 catalogue —4 ; 6 J.) The Ground Flooi: contains Sculptures by modern masters, casts ancient and of Renaissance works, and a valuable Collection of Engravings the most important of which are exposed to view. - The marble steps in the handsome staircase, which is borne by 10 Corinthian columns, lead to the Upper Floor. In the corridor four allegorical figures and two praving ^^1 ^^^/"^.^PP^'i'u ""^ '' *^e ^- K°oM- Beginning on thefhTi1. /i^"""" : m. Verboeckhoven, Sheep; 186. CV/««/«e, Fall of Handeck ; 187. Camv- Imusen, Puritans; Max Michael, Knitting -school at Rome; *399. Vautier Toasting of the bride; 205. Eberle, The pledge; 196. Conrdder, Tilly before the battle of Breitenfeld in 1631; if>C RuL\ The Campagna o/Romet 201. Decaisne Caritas; *180. Brendel, Interior of a sheepfold. — Then to the r. the "-Room. 306. Marstand , Politicians; 285. Kirner , The im- provisatore 207 E/,nle, Reception ; of a boy at the orphan-asylum of Harlem 331. iV07«e« Storming of Planchenois ; ; 313. Melb;/ , Ship laying to. - m. Room. Chiefly Netherlands, early German, and Italian pictures. - The saloon adjoining the last on the 1. contains the pevma.neiit Exhibition ~~ ''?,''." Cabinets. Small Netherlands and Italian works. - III.i<, Cabinet.J- Modern French and Netherlands masters: Verboeckhoven' Sheep, iOO. 402 Donkey and sheep; *202. P. Delaroche, Oliver Cromwell by the body of Charle.s I. IV. - Cabinet. Modern German masters: 286. ^""'^"; 369. &«.^«^6,-, Holstein peasants; 364. Sckeuren, ChateaucLtfL' I)y the waterside; 396. Tidemand , Wolfhunter. The *Anlagen laid out on the old fortifications, and extending round the interior of the city from the Elbhohe (p. 103) to the Ber- lin Railway Station, also afford pleasant walks. Near the Kunsthalle, to the E., is an iron Monument (PI. 10) to the memory of AdolphlV.' Count of Holstein the , founder of the liberties of the city. — In the Dammthor-Strasse, near the Esplanade, a handsome street with a double avenue of trees (PI. E, 2) is situated the Stadt-Theater, designed by Schinkel with , seats for 2500 spectators. — In the Valentinskamp is the Anschar-Capelle (PI. 17), a tasteful structure consecrated in 1860. On the 1., immediately outside the Dammthor, lies the Botani- cal Garden (PI. , open daily one 8) , of the best in Germany, and possessing a Victoria Regia house. A little beyond it is the *Zoolo- gical Garden (admission 12 aquarium J., 8 j.) , one of the most extensive and best organised in Germany; the gardens were laid out by the landscape gardener Jurgens of Ottensen. The most interesting points are the Eulenburg (view) with the bears'

.

' ^''".f'u-''""'i,r.^;„A.T^

Darmslaai Ed .Wa^ltier

] Aussen-Alster. HAMBURG. 16. Route. 107

den, the cascade grotto, tlie *aquarinm, the terrarium, and the still unfinished Ernst-Merck-Hallo with the bust of the founder of the gardens, adjoining which is the ^Restaurant.

Opposite the Zoological Garden, to the S.W. , near the Sternschanze

railway station , is situated the new and spacious ZoUvereins-Niederlage, a vast depot for goods from the Zollverein (now almost the whole of Germany, where the customs-dues are uniform), with a railway -station, post, and telegraph office. The merchandise stored here may be sold to any other part of the Zollverein without payment of duty, whereas if once admitted to the free port of Hamburg where no customs are levied, it would be as liable to duty on re-entering any part of the Zollverein as if imported from foreign countries. The Cemeteries in the neighbourhood are laid out as gardens. On the N. side, opposite the Petrikirchhof, is a sarcophagus, brought from Otten- sen in 1841, commemorating the melancholy fate of 1138 citizens of Ham- burg, 'who, having been banished by Marshal Davoust, together with many thousands of their follow citizens during the severe winter of 1813— 14, fell victims to starvation and disease'. Charitable Institutions abound at Hamburg. The most important are the large public Hospital (PI. 30) at St. George, one of the most ad- mirable establishments of the kind (in the chapel, Christ on the Mt. of Olives, a good picture by Overheck); the Poorhouse on the road to Barm- beck (accommodating 1000 adults and 100 children); the Wuisenhaus, or orphan-asylum on the Uhlenhorst; the Friedric/isbeig Lunatic Asylum be- tween Barmbeck and Wandsbcck ; the Gasthaus at St. George ; the Schro- derstift outside the Dammthor; the OberuUenstift by the Miihlendamm. At St. Pauli are the Jewish Hospital (PI. 31) and the Seemannshaus. Beyond the Berlin station, I'la M. from the Dammthor, are the ex- tensive Water Works by which the whole city is supplied. They command a fine view, and their construction is also interesting. Visitors admitted gratis. The *Environs of Hamburg (comp. Map), which are sprinkled with country-houses, gardens, and parks in almost every direction, especially in the neighbourhood of the Aussen-Alster and near the Elbe between Al- tona and Blankenese, afford some pleasant excursions. The banks of,the *Aussen-Alster, with their green meadows and scat- tered villages, which chiclly consist of country-seats , are most conveni- ently visited by one of the small screw-steamers (p. 101) which ply the whole day between the Jungfernstieg and the N. end of the lake. The fa- vourite points are the Uhlenhorst (concerts at the Fahrhaus frequently), Harvestehude, where the lime-tree of the poet Hagedorn (d. 1754) rises on the Licentiatenberg , and ii]p/)e?(dor/ (Restaurant at the Andreasbrunnen). A double avenue leads from the Millern-Thor at Hamburg, past the taverns and booths of Si. Pauli (p. 103) to the Nobisthor (so called from the inscription, 'Nobis bene, Nemini male") of Altona (p. 110) ; carriages, omnibuses, and railway thither, see p. 101. At the N. end of Altona, adjacent to the town, lies the village of Ot- tensen, in the churchyard of which Klopstock (born 1724, d. 1803) and his two wives are interred. Their grave is shaded by an old lime, a few paces from the church-door. From Altona to Blankenese by railway in 25 min. (fares 9, 6, 33(4 Sgr.) ; from Hamburg to Altona, and thence to Blankenese about 1 hr.

(fares 13, 9, 6 Sgr.). Stations Bahrenfeld , Flottbeck, Blankenese. — As the scenery is pleasing , a drive to Blankenese in an open carriage is far pre- ferable to the railway. Cab from Altona to Klein -Flottbeck, 1 —2 pers. I'liM., to Blankenese 2i|2 M. (or 1 Thlr.). Omnibus between Altona (start- ing from the Pallmaille, near the theatre) and Blankenese several times daily, fare 6 J. — Even pedestrians will be rewarded by a walk along the bank of the Elbe to (8 M.) Blankenese, passing numerous villas and gar- dens, the pleasantest part of the route being from Klein - Flottbeck (about half-way) onwards. — The traveller may then return by the steamboat (p. 101), which commands fine views of the banks of the river. 108 Route 17. CUXHAVEN.

At the end of the pleasant village oi Nenmiililen is situated the castel- lated villa of Consul Schiller. Booili\i gardens at Flottheck and the park of Senator Jenisch with their extensive hothouses merit a visit. Betvyeen Parish'' s garden at Nienst&dten (* Jacob's Restaurant) and Godeffroy's park

at Dockenhuden , lies Senator Godeffroy's chateau on the abmpt bank of the Elbe. The finest view of the Elbe is' obtained from the SuUberg

(250 ft. ; tavern at the top) , one of the peaks of the group of hills at the base of which the fishing village of Blankenese (tavern at the Fdhrhmis) is situated, i^\i M. from the railway station. Baur's garden at Blankenese also affords beautiful views. All these grounds are open to the public. Those interested in evangelical missions should visit the Ruvhe Ilaus at Horn., 3 M. to the E. of Hamburg, on the Bergedorf road, a most use- ful establishment (omnibus, see p. 101 ; cab ii)2 M.). Wandsbeck (railway, see p. 101; tramway, p. 101; cab 11)2 M.), a town

in Holstein (Hotel zum Posthcmse) , with 8000 inhab. , 3 M. to the N.E.,

was the home of the talented Matthias Claudius (d. 1815) , the 'Wands- becker Bote', who is buried in the churchyard here. A simple monument has been erected to his memory in the park of Count Schimmel- mann.

17. Heligoland.

C'omp. Mopx, pp. 106., 114. Steamers via Cuxhaven to Heligoland three times a week in sum- mer in 7—8 hrs. ; fare 5 Thlr., there and back within a week 8 Thlr. — From Bremerhaven-Geestemimde (p. 90) to Heligoland steamer three times a week in summer in 4 hrs.; fare 4 Thlr., there and back within a week C Thlr. A steamboat-trip on the Lower Elbe is one of the pleasantest

river excursions in N. Germany . Soon after starting, the vessel com- mands a line retrospect of the imposing city with its forest of masts,

SLiii o{ A Itona ij). 110), almost a suburb of Hamburg. Numerous villas on the hills peep from the midst of parks and pleasure- grounds, which extend for a considerable distance helow Blankenese

(^see above). Inland to the 1. is seen the town and fortress of Stade,

connected with the Elbe by a canal ; then on the r. bank Oliiokstadt (p. 110). The banks now recede.

Cuxhaven (Belvedere; Bellevue; Baben , unpretending), fre- quented by Hamburgers as a sea-bathing place, is situated in the

small Hamburg bailiwick of i?('

Bremerhaven ; carr. 6 Thlr.). The steamer next passes the island of Neuwerk with its lighthouse, originally erected in 1290 as a castle for protection against pirates.

At the mouth of the Elbe two light - ships , and between them the Pilot-ship are passed, beyond which the open sea is reached. The sea-passage occupies ^i/o—3 hrs. only. From Bremerhaven to Heligoland. The steamboat-pier is ^/2 M. from the railway-station at Geestemiinde (p. 90). To the

r., as the steamer quits the Geeste, lies the district of Wursten , to

the 1. the Butjadinger Land, a peninsula between the estuary of the Weser and the Jahdebusen (p. 95). After 2 hrs. the light -ships are passed and the open sea is reached. Sea -passage about 2 hrs. more.