Flight Activity of Czechoslovak Hemerobiidae and Chrysopidae: Investigation by Light Trap
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The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
The Green Lacewings of the Genus Chrysopa in Maryland ( Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) Ralph A. Bram and William E. Bickley Department of Entomology INTRODUCTION Tlw green lacewings which are members of the genus Chrysopa are extreme- ly lwndicia1 insects. The larvae are commonly called aphislions and are well known as predators of aphids and other injurious insects. They play an important part in the regulation of populations of pests under natural conditions, and in California they have been cultured in mass and released for the control of mealy- bugs ( Finney, 1948 and 1950) . The positive identification of members of the genus is desirable for the use of biological-control workers and entomologists in general. Descriptions of most of the Nearctic species of Chrysopidae have relied heavily on body pigmentation and to a lesser extent on wing shape, venational patterns and coloration. Specimens fade when preserved in alcohol or on pins, and natural variation in color patterns occurs in many species ( Smith 1922, Bickley 1952). It is partly for these reasons that some of the most common and relatively abundant representatives of the family are not easily recognized. The chrysopid fauna of North America was treated comprehensively by Banks ( 1903). Smith ( 1922) contributed valuable information about the biology of the green lacewings and about the morphology and taxonomy of the larvae. He also pro- vided k<'ys and other help for the identification of species from Kansas ( 1925, 1934) and Canada ( 1932). Froeschner ( 194 7) similarly dealt with Missouri species. Bickley and MacLeod ( 1956) presented a review of the family as known to occur in the N earctic region north of Mexico. -
Green Lacewings Family Chrysopidae
Beneficial Insects Class Insecta, Insects Order Neuroptera, Lacewings, mantids and others Neuroptera means “nerve wings” and refers to the hundreds of veins in their wings. The order Neuroptera is comprised of several small families. Larvae and adults are usually predaceous. Some families are uncommon while others are present more in the south and west. All neuropterans have chewing mouthparts. Green lacewings Family Chrysopidae Description and life history: Adults are green, 15–20 mm long, and slender. They have large, clear membranous wings with green veins and margins, which they hold over their body like a roof. Most have long hair-like antennae and golden eyes. Oval, white eggs are laid singly on a stalk approximately 8 mm long. Larvae are small, gray, and slender, and have large sickle-shaped mouthparts with which to puncture prey. When they reach approximately 10 mm, they spin a silken cocoon and pupate on the underside of a leaf. There are one to ten generations per year. Prey species: Green lacewing adults require high-energy foods such as honeydew and pollen. Larvae prey on aphids and other small, soft-bodied insects, and are nicknamed “aphid-lions.” Some adults are also preda- Green lacewing cocoons containing pupa. (357) ceous. Eggs, larvae, and adults are commercially avail- Photo: John Davidson able and may be purchased from insectaries. These common insects feed in fields, orchards, and gardens. They are commercially available. Chrysoperla carnea, green lacewing adult. (356) Photo: David Laughlin Green lacewing eggs on stalks. (359) Photo: John Davidson Green lacewing larva. (358) Photo: John Davidson IPM of Midwest Landscapes 278. -
Pidae, Osmylin
NATHAN BANKS. 201 SYNOPSES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF EXOTIC NEUROPTERA. Included below, with the descriptions of various new genera and species, are synopses of the genera of Panos- pidae, Osmylinae, Hemerobiinae, Mantispidae, South Ameri- can Myrmeleonidae and a new classification of the Perlidae ; most of the synoptic work is a result of a study of several European collections. The types of all the new species described in this paper are in the author's collection. PERLIDAE. Twice I have published classifications of the American Perlidae. After seeing several genera (hitherto unknown to me) in European museums I have prepared a new ar- rangement, which, however, differs little from the others as far as American species are concerned, but places in the same scheme the various exotic genera. For the principal character I would use the shape of the anterior part of the head. 1. Clypeus practically invisible, or only projecting from beneath the raised margin of the front of the head ; tarsi with the last joint very much longer than the first and second together, the first joint barely, if any longer, than the width of the tibia at tip; coxae I widely separate; setae present; no series of cross-veins in the cubito-anal space..... PERLINAE. Clypeus visible in continuation of the general surface of the head, and separated by a suture from the head ; tarsi with the last joint but little or not longer than the first and second together, the first joint longer than the width of the tibiae at tip, last joint of palpi as large as others ....................... -
UFRJ a Paleoentomofauna Brasileira
Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ www.anuario.igeo.ufrj.br A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual The Brazilian Fossil Insects: Current Scenario Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Scheler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências: Patrimônio Geopaleontológico, Museu Nacional, Quinta da Boa Vista s/nº, São Cristóvão, 20940-040. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. E-mails: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] Recebido em: 24/01/2018 Aprovado em: 08/03/2018 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11137/2018_1_142_166 Resumo O presente trabalho fornece um panorama geral sobre o conhecimento da paleoentomologia brasileira até o presente, abordando insetos do Paleozoico, Mesozoico e Cenozoico, incluindo a atualização das espécies publicadas até o momento após a última grande revisão bibliográica, mencionando ainda as unidades geológicas em que ocorrem e os trabalhos relacionados. Palavras-chave: Paleoentomologia; insetos fósseis; Brasil Abstract This paper provides an overview of the Brazilian palaeoentomology, about insects Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, including the review of the published species at the present. It was analiyzed the geological units of occurrence and the related literature. Keywords: Palaeoentomology; fossil insects; Brazil Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ 142 ISSN 0101-9759 e-ISSN 1982-3908 - Vol. 41 - 1 / 2018 p. 142-166 A Paleoentomofauna Brasileira: Cenário Atual Dionizio Angelo de Moura-Júnior; Sandro Marcelo Schefler & Antonio Carlos Sequeira Fernandes 1 Introdução Devoniano Superior (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). Os insetos são um dos primeiros organismos Algumas ordens como Blattodea, Hemiptera, Odonata, Ephemeroptera e Psocopera surgiram a colonizar os ambientes terrestres e aquáticos no Carbonífero com ocorrências até o recente, continentais (Engel & Grimaldi, 2004). -
The First Green Lacewings from the Late Eocene Baltic Amber
The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber VLADIMIR N. MAKARKIN, SONJA WEDMANN, and THOMAS WEITERSCHAN Makarkin, V.N., Wedmann, S., and Weiterschan, T. 2018. The first green lacewings from the late Eocene Baltic amber. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (3): 527–537. Pseudosencera baltica gen. et sp. nov. of Chrysopinae (Chrysopidae, Neuroptera) is described from Baltic amber. Additionally, another species, Nothochrysa? sp. (Nothochrysinae), is left in the open nomenclature. Pseudosencera bal- tica gen. et sp. nov. represents the oldest confident record of Chrysopinae. The new genus lacks the apparent forewing intramedian cell, and possesses three character states not found in other Chrysopinae: the simple AA1, the short basal crossvein between M and Cu, and 5‒6 rings of setae on the antennal flagellomeres. This genus is probably a special- ised form in a basal branch of Chrysopinae, that could not be attributed to any of the known tribes. The specimen of Nothochrysa? sp. consists only of fragments of the forewings. The late Eocene Baltic amber represents the oldest horizon where Chrysopinae and Nothochrysinae are found to coexist. It is highly likely that Chrysopidae were extremely rare in these forests. Key words: Neuroptera, Chrysopinae, Nothochrysinae, Cenozoic, Baltic amber. Vladimir N. Makarkin [[email protected]], Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia. Sonja Wedmann [[email protected]], Senckenberg Forschungsstation Grube Messel, Markstrasse 35, D-64409 Messel, Germany. Thomas Weiterschan [[email protected]], Forsteler Strasse 1, 64739 Höchst Odw., Germany. Received 16 May 2018, accepted 5 July 2018, available online 23 July 2018. -
Jumping Mechanisms in Lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae And
© 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | The Journal of Experimental Biology (2014) 217, 4252-4261 doi:10.1242/jeb.110841 RESEARCH ARTICLE Jumping mechanisms in lacewings (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae) Malcolm Burrows1,* and Marina Dorosenko1 ABSTRACT increases the complexity of muscle control but has the advantage of Lacewings launch themselves into the air by simultaneous propulsive increasing the muscle mass that can be devoted to jumping while movements of the middle and hind legs as revealed in video images avoiding the specialisation in shape and size of the legs. In snow captured at a rate of 1000 s−1. These movements were powered fleas it also allows four energy stores – one for each leg – to be used largely by thoracic trochanteral depressor muscles but did not start in its catapult jumping action (Burrows, 2011). Furthermore, by from a particular preset position of these legs. Ridges on the lateral distributing ground reaction forces over a larger surface area, take- sides of the meso- and metathorax fluoresced bright blue when off becomes possible from more compliant surfaces. For the fly illuminated with ultraviolet light, suggesting the presence of the elastic Hydrophorus alboflorens this even enables jumping from the surface protein resilin. The middle and hind legs were longer than the front of water by ensuring that the legs do not penetrate the surface legs but their femora and tibiae were narrow tubes of similar (Burrows, 2013a). diameter. Jumps were of two types. First, those in which the body In all jumping movements, the same demands exist for high take- was oriented almost parallel to the ground (−7±8 deg in green off velocities and short acceleration times, particularly when escape lacewings, 13.7±7 deg in brown lacewings) at take-off and remained is the required outcome. -
(Neuroptera) from the Upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa Amber, Northern Siberia
Cretaceous Research 93 (2019) 107e113 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Cretaceous Research journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/CretRes Short communication New Coniopterygidae (Neuroptera) from the upper Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia * Vladimir N. Makarkin a, Evgeny E. Perkovsky b, a Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russia b Schmalhausen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, ul. Bogdana Khmel'nitskogo 15, Kiev, 01601, Ukraine article info abstract Article history: Libanoconis siberica sp. nov. and two specimens of uncertain affinities (Neuroptera: Coniopterygidae) are Received 28 April 2018 described from the Upper Cretaceous (upper Cenomanian) Nizhnyaya Agapa amber, northern Siberia. Received in revised form The new species is distinguished from L. fadiacra (Whalley, 1980) by the position of the crossvein 3r-m 9 August 2018 being at a right angle to both RP1 and the anterior trace of M in both wings. The validity of the genus Accepted in revised form 11 September Libanoconis is discussed. It easily differs from all other Aleuropteryginae by a set of plesiomorphic 2018 Available online 15 September 2018 character states. The climatic conditions at high latitudes in the late Cenomanian were favourable enough for this tropical genus, hitherto known from the Gondwanan Lebanese amber. Therefore, the Keywords: record of a species of Libanoconis in northern Siberia is highly likely. © Neuroptera 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Coniopterygidae Aleuropteryginae Cenomanian Nizhnyaya Agapa amber 1. Introduction 2. Material and methods The small-sized neuropteran family Coniopterygidae comprises This study is based on three specimens originally embedded in ca. -
From Chewing to Sucking Via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing Via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera
Chapter 11 From Chewing to Sucking via Phylogeny—From Sucking to Chewing via Ontogeny: Mouthparts of Neuroptera Dominique Zimmermann, Susanne Randolf, and Ulrike Aspöck Abstract The Neuroptera are highly heterogeneous endopterygote insects. While their relatives Megaloptera and Raphidioptera have biting mouthparts also in their larval stage, the larvae of Neuroptera are characterized by conspicuous sucking jaws that are used to imbibe fluids, mostly the haemolymph of prey. They comprise a mandibular and a maxillary part and can be curved or straight, long or short. In the pupal stages, a transformation from the larval sucking to adult biting and chewing mouthparts takes place. The development during metamorphosis indicates that the larval maxillary stylet contains the Anlagen of different parts of the adult maxilla and that the larval mandibular stylet is a lateral outgrowth of the mandible. The mouth- parts of extant adult Neuroptera are of the biting and chewing functional type, whereas from the Mesozoic era forms with siphonate mouthparts are also known. Various food sources are used in larvae and in particular in adult Neuroptera. Morphological adaptations of the mouthparts of adult Neuroptera to the feeding on honeydew, pollen and arthropods are described in several examples. New hypoth- eses on the diet of adult Nevrorthidae and Dilaridae are presented. 11.1 Introduction The order Neuroptera, comprising about 5820 species (Oswald and Machado 2018), constitutes together with its sister group, the order Megaloptera (about 370 species), and their joint sister group Raphidioptera (about 250 species) the superorder Neuropterida. Neuroptera, formerly called Planipennia, are distributed worldwide and comprise 16 families of extremely heterogeneous insects. -
Neuroptera : Chrysopidae
BIOLOGY OF OHRYSOPA MADESTES BANKS (NEUROPTERA : CHRYSOPIDAE) B. P. MEHRA Indian Lac Research Institute, Namkum, Ranchi The insects belonging to the family Chrysopidae are on the whole useful species as they destroy numerous harmful insects such as the aphids, coccids, plant lice, spiders and mites. These chrysopids, however, are harmful to the lac insect, Kerria lacca (Kerr). The only other instance on record of this family doing any harm was that in California, where the larvae were reported by Essig (1911) as destroying the larvae of ladybird beetles which had been introduced to combat scale insects. Out of a total of approximately 580 species of Chrysopa recorded from all over the world, only about 20 have so far been recorded from India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon and little attention has been paid towards the study of their biology. Rahman (1940) studied, briefly, the life history of Chrysopa see/estes Banks. Later Nasir (1947) studied detailed bionomics of the same species. This paper reports the results of studies carried out on the biology of Chrysopa madestes Banks, the larvae of which were found preying upon different stages of the lac insect at Namkum and Hesal (Ranchi District), Kundri and Oreya (Palamau District) and several other parts of Bihar State. Samples of lac received from Karnal (Punjab) had also a few egg·shells of the lacewing fly, thereby indica ting a wider distribution of this predator. In 1930 and 1931 the larvae of this predator were observed only on Katki and Aghani lac crops. During the present studies in 1950-52 and thereafter all the stages of C. -
INSECTS of MICRONESIA Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae*
INSECTS OF MICRONESIA Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae* By F. M. CARPENTER HARVARD UNIVERSITY INTRODUCTION This account is based mainly on about 150 specimens of Hemerobiidae from Micronesia. All of this material was placed at my disposal through the courtesy of Dr. J. L. Gressitt, to whom I am indebted for the opportunity of making this study. The United States Office of Naval Research, the Pacific Science Board (National Research Council), the National Science Foundation, and Bernice P. Bishop Museum have made this survey and publication of the results pos sible. Field research was aided by a contract between the Office of Naval Re search, Department of the Navy, and the National Academy of Sciences, NR 160-175. In the course of this study I have made much use of specimens in the Mu seum of Comparative Zoology and I have been helped to an inestimable extent by my examination of a type of Micromus navigatorum Brauer, sent to me by Dr. Beier of the Naturhistorisches Museum in Vienna. Specimens are deposited at the following institutions: Bernice P. Bishop Museum (BISHOP), United States National Museum (US), and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (MCZ). Only three species are represented in this Micronesian collection, two in Annandalia and the third in Micromus. The third species, M. navigatorum, has now acquired a very wide distribution, in part, at least, through the agency of man. The two species of Annandalia are, so far as now known, endemic to Micronesia. Annandalia and Micromus are only distantly' related within the family Hemerobiidae and they can readily be distinguished: Annandalia has a broad costal area basally, with a well developed recurrent vein; Micromus has a narrow costal area basally and lacks entirely the recurrent vein. -
X Revisiok of the Nearctic Hemerobiidae, Berothidae, Sisyridae, Polys'i'oechotidae and Dilaridae (Neuroptera)
X REVISIOK OF THE NEARCTIC HEMEROBIIDAE, BEROTHIDAE, SISYRIDAE, POLYS'I'OECHOTIDAE AND DILARIDAE (NEUROPTERA) Received February 28, 1940 Presented March 13, 1940 The insects treated in this revision are among and Professor H. 13. Hungerford, University of the most typical of the Seuroptera (Planipennia). Kansas. I am under special obligation to Pro- Khen the family Hemerobiidae was established by fessor R. C. Smith, of Kansas State College, for Leach (1815), it included nearly all of the insects the loan of his extensive private collection of these now comprising the order. Since the beginning of insects, and for the opportunity of seeing many the present century, however, and subsequent to small collections sent to him for identification dur- the publication of Banks' "Revision of the Ne- ing the preparation of this revision. I am deeply ~irctic Hemerobiidae" (1905b), various genera grateful to llr. D. E. Kimmins of the British have been removed from the Hemerobiidae and lluseum of Satural History for placing at my placed in separate families. The groips thus disposal the type specimens in the Lfuseum col- formed (Berothidae, Sisyridae, Polystoechotidae, lection, and for making detailed comparisons with Dilnridae) have little in common with the re- Illclachlan's types, which were received at the stricted family Hemerobiidae; but in order that RIuseum after my visit there in 1938. As on the scope of the present revision be kept identical previous occasions I am indebted to Professor nith that of Banks', these families have also been Banks for many helpful suggestions and criticisms. included. The morphology of the Xeuroptera in general During the course of this revisional study, I and of most of the families occurring in the Ne- have examined somewhat more than eight thou- arctic region has been extensively treated by Kil- sand individuals of the families mentioned. -
Green Lacewing Species in Tennessee in Tennessee, We Have Found the Green Lacewing Lacewing Larvae Look Like Tiny Alligators
College of Agriculture Cooperative Extension ANR-E1-2020 Entomology Insect Predators-Green Lacewings Kaushalya Amarasekare, Assistant Professor, Tennessee State University Contact: 615 963 5001, [email protected] Natural enemies such as green lacewings Adults (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) are important for sus- Adult lacewings are green in color and have golden tainable agriculture because they provide us a free eyes. They have two pairs of green lacelike netted service in managing and controlling unwanted insect wings. The body of the adult is 1/2–3/4 inch long and mite (arthropod) pests in agricultural crops in depending on the species. They are not strong fliers fields and greenhouses. Green lacewings are preda- and are commonly found near aphid colonies. Adults tors of many soft-bodied insects (e.g. aphids, thrips, fly during night and are often attracted to night- mealybugs, soft scales, whiteflies, psyllids and small lights. They can live approximately 30-40 days. New- caterpillars) and mites (e.g. spider mites) and their ly emerged adults mate and lay eggs within 4–5 days. eggs. They are called generalist predators because It takes approximately one month to complete the they feed on many different types of insect and/or life cycle from newly laid eggs to emergence of mite prey. Green lacewings are considered as one of adults. the most important predatory natural enemies of agricultural pests. Eggs Adult females lay their eggs as small batches on plant materials. They prefer to lay eggs among aphid colonies. Lacewing larvae are cannibalistic and attack sibling eggs and larvae. To avoid the first hatched larva/larvae attacking unhatched eggs or young larvae, females lay each egg on a long stalk.