DOCSLIB.ORG

Meet the Experts

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

OCT 23 (SAT) ISSUE NO 11 YESTERDAY 22 MEET THE EXPERTS October Where's the reality in the images? --Diversity and Relativity-- The session started with Tsukasa Yoshimura showing screenings from two projects: a project introducing a 200-inch high resolution television to the people of Ghana who had never watched television, followed by views of a camera which can record 360-degree surroundings. However, the people in Ghana could not comprehend what they were seeing, and although the 360-degree camera was highly interactive, it did not gain wide recognition when it was released. Masaki Fujihata then showed his works using GPS and music to introduce Northern Ireland. Although more interactivity was possible if the latest technology had been Pictured From Left To Right: used, he preferred linear media; for instance, with a 360-degree camera, the main Masaki Fujihata idea that the producer wants to convey can be lost as the audience is given (Media Artist/Professor, complete control of what he wishes to see. Graduate School of Film and New Media, Tokyo University of the Arts) Makoto Toyota then introduced his studies on the processing of the brain. He said Makoto Toyota that humans are more dependent on the environment than we previously believed. (Architect (System, Cognitive Science)) The human mind is dependent on the environment which has been the cause of our Tsukasa Yoshimura (Sony Computer Science Laboratories, Inc. development. GEO Project Office/Chief Producer) The amount of information related to the brain is actually very subtle. We have begun to realize that the two systems of the brain--conscious and unconscious--are loosely connected and that the unconscious has more control than we previously believed. In addition, color and monochrome are perceived differently and induce different stimuli; monochrome has more impact as it induces focused memory. When incorporating new media, weZZZneed to consider who we are. Fujihata concluded that we should become more aware and conscious of what we are seeing and that we should consider ideas gained through experimental studies. CROSSMEDIA FORUM Diverse Media Diverse Learning The topic of the CrossMedia Forum in the morning was, “Cross Categories--Diverse Media and Diverse Learning”; the session aimed to show the effectiveness of both linear and non-linear educational contents. First, two websites were presented, Inspiring Middle School Literacy (WGBH Educational Foundation/United States) and Erin's Challenge! I Can Speak Japanese. (The Japan Foundation/Japan) followed by discussion led by moderator Natalie Chan (eTVonline, Radio Television Hong Kong/Hong Kong) who served as a member of the preliminary jury team for this year’s JAPAN PRIZE. Natalie Chan started the discussion by asking the question, “What is the most effective way to develop educational contents using different media? Do we put the same content on linear TV programs and non-linear websites?” A comment was made that, “the strongest point of non-linear content is that each student can MODERATOR study at his own tempo; non-linear can accommodate different skills and knowledge levels.” Natalie Chan (eTVonline, Co-Moderator Hyunsook Chung (EIDF(EBS International Documentary Radio Television Festival/Republic of Korea) said, “These days, the internet is getting stronger Hong Kong/Hong Kong) but I think that television is still very influential especially for pre-school children as the parents are the ones who bring their children in front of the internet.” A question was raised from a participant from Papua New Guinea, “How do you decided what to put on your television program and what to put on your website?” Natalie Chan responded that the importance is to think about the “message” you are trying to get across. What is the most effective way to use each media platform? Also, the strengths of your company should be considered. Following the screenings of the two linear programs COCKROACH (Educational Broadcasting MODERATOR System (EBS)/Republic of Korea) and Cosmic Code breakers: The Secrets of Prime Numbers Hyunsook Chung (Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK)/Japan), Hyunsook Chung suggested that there are themes (EIDF(EBS International Documentary Festival/ that may seem difficult for the audience but can become attractive if we use the right methods. Republic of Korea) Today’s Schedule On Back Page! The Trends of the World’s Educational Contents: Past Grand Prix JAPAN PRIZE Winners Revisited A special talk on the history of the JAPAN PRIZE and past trends in the media industry by Sachiko Imaizumi Kodiara (Senior Researcher, NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute) who has been following the JAPAN PRIZE for over 30 years! Sachiko has conducted various studies regarding “Children Special Event and the Media” and “Educational Use of the Media.” She served as a juror for the JAPAN PRIZE in 2006. After the Lecture: 14:00-15:30 Sachiko Imaizumi Kodaira talk, past Grand Prix Japan Prize awarded programs Senior Researcher, Screening: 15:30-18:00 NHK Broadcasting will be screened. Venue: Room CA421 Culture Research Institute/Japan Past Grand Prix Japan Prize Winning Programs Will Be Screened! CROSSMEDIA FORUM SCHEDULE (Venue: Room CA421) COUNTRY/ TIME EVENT TITLE ORGANIZATION MEDIA REGION The Magic Journey 10:00 I-31 Multimedia Public Association Kyrgyz TV Program (Keremet Koch) 10:15 I-16 The Olive Branch "Sleep" Little Airplane Productions (LAP) United States TV Program United 10:15 I-44 The Gruffalo Magic Light Pictures TV Program Kingdom Pre-School United 10:45 I-11 Big and Small Online Plug-in Media Web Category ＸｘｘｘｘｘｘｘｘｘZZZ Kingdom 11:10 I-32 Fun with Japanese Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) Japan TV Program 11:35 I-1 The Counting Band Norsk Rikskringkasting (NRK) Norway TV Program 11:45 I-24 Oops! I-Koo! Educational Broadcasting System (EBS) Rep. of Korea TV Program 12:05- Discussion Session Discussion 12:45 Moderator: Hitoshi Furukawa (NHK Educational Corporation) The Trends of the World’s Educational Contents: 14:00- Talk&Discussion 15:30 Past Grand-Prix Japan Prize Winners Revisited Speaker: Sachiko I. Kodaira (NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute) ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY: Flying in United Birds-An Experimental Approach Open University/BBC TV Program 15:30 Kingdom (1985) STEP & JUMP SCIENCE: Motion and 15:55 Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) Japan TV Program Screening of Speed - Inertia (1992) Past Grand-Prix BEHIND THE SCENES: Behind the 16:10 Japan Prize Scenes with Rober Gil de Montes Learning Designs & WNET Thirteen United States TV Program Winners (1993) GOOD HEALTH: No Bullying Here United 16:40 Carlton UK Television (CAR UK TV) TV Program (1996) Kingdom Public Policy Productions & Aronson Film 16:55 Sound and Fury (2001) United States TV Program Associates Welfare Swedish Educational Broadcasting 18:00 W-7 Homeless Sweden TV Program Education Company (UR) Category Great Ormond Street: Caught In United 18:35 W-58 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) TV Program (Screening only) The Machine (Episode 2) Kingdom ＊ Screenings are subject to change. http://www.nhk.or.jp/jp-prize/.
Recommended publications
  • Nhk World Tv | Asia 7 Days

    Nhk World Tv | Asia 7 Days

    NHK WORLD TV | ASIA 7 DAYS Home News TV Radio & Podcast Japanese Select language Lessons Corporate Info Sitemap Contact Us FAQ Home > TV > ASIA 7 DAYS TV Programs ASIA 7 DAYS TV Schedule TV Schedule View Full Schedule Program Info Archives How to Watch Other TV Program Anchors & Programs by Genre Reporters Program A-Z Sun. 14:10 - 14:40 (UTC) etc. FAQ Recommended Asia is a region of multiple ethnicities and What kind of channel is diverse culture. Each region has its own social NHK WORLD TV? / What structures and political systems, differs in the kind of channel is NHK stages of their development. ASIA 7 DAYS WORLD PREMIUM? / What wraps up major issues of Asia, in relation to is the difference between Hosted by Susumu Shimokawa the news occurred in that week. NHK WORLD TV and NHK English WORLD PREMIUM? NEWSLINE How Can I receive NHK Topics of the Week: Broadcasting every WORLD TV and NHK day on the hour WORLD PREMIUM? Mar. 27, Sun. 14:30 - 15:00 (UTC) etc. every hour Great Japan Quake: View from Asia Broadcast every day, FAQ List NEWSLINE provides Many foreigners from other parts of Asia are affected by the March 11 earthquake and detailed updates on the tsunami. Tens of thousands of Chinese, Filipinos and Thais live in the Tohoku disaster zone, ever-changing news in an easy-to-follow manner, where 25,000 people are so far believed dead or missing. For many of the foreign survivors -- focusing mainly on Japan workers, students and spouses -- the ordeal is far from over.
  • Giovanni Ridolfi RAI – Technological Strategies

    Giovanni Ridolfi RAI – Technological Strategies

    Global Forum - Shaping the future Venezia, 5-6 November 2007 “Towards HDTV and beyond …” Giovanni Ridolfi RAI – Technological Strategies Strategie Tecnologiche 1 Summary 9From TV to HDTV 9Technological developments 9Value chain impacts 9Beyond HDTV Strategie Tecnologiche 2 TV is a long-standing improving technology Berlin Olympic games (1936): 180 rows HD BBC (1937): 405 rows NTSC (1949): 525 rows PAL (1963): 625 rows SD HDTV: 1000 rows Strategie Tecnologiche 3 HDTV facts 9 Spatial resolution: ) 576 x 768 → 1080 x 1920 9 Wide format: ) 4/3 → 16/9 9 Rich audio: 9 Uncompressed = 1.5Gbps ) Stereo → Multichannel 9 Compressed 9 Stability of images: ) MPEG-2 = 18 Mbps ) MPEG-4 AVC = 9 Mbps ) 25 → 50 fps ) Interlaced → progressive HDTV experience requires high bandwith and new equipments to be really enjoyed ! Strategie Tecnologiche 4 Public Broadcasters are supposed to pioneer technology 9 In early 80s RAI pioneered HDTV production: ) 1983: “Arlecchino” (cinematography by Vittorio Storaro); ) 1986: “Giulia and Giulia” (directed by Peter Del Monte); 9 In 1986, RAI and NHK jointly performed technical tests and demonstrations with early HDTV system; 9 In 1990 (Italia-90 World Soccer Cup) RAI transmitted 17 games in HDTV with the first digital compression system via satellite (joint project Rai Research Center – Telettra)); 9 In 2006 (Turin Olympic Winter Games) RAI was the first worldwide broadcaster to transmit HDTV and Mobile TV combined on a single digital terrestrial channel. Strategie Tecnologiche 5 RAI for HDTV now 9 High quality productions,
  • Nordic Drama

    Nordic Drama

    NORDIC DRAMA PUBLIC SERVICE ORIGINALS A stronger Nordic public service drama collaboration The Nordic public service media companies DR, NRK, RUV, SVT and Yle have in recent years been renowned for outstanding Nordic drama productions. High quality drama with a clear local anchoring and strong public service ambitions has become one of our distinguishing trademarks. To ensure that strong, local drama remains a trademark of the Nordic public service broadcasters in a digital world, the Nordvision partners have decided to build a stronger public service drama portfolio. A strengthening that will increase both the volume of Nordic drama that each company have available on their “players” as well as the quality of the publishing right the partners secure for each other. A clear focus on drama that reflects a Nordic culture, reality and identity fits naturally with the public service mission, and it provides a genuine and recognizable promise to the users that sets Nordic public service apart from other content providers. The initiative is called “Nordic Twelve” (N12). What is N12? N12 – is a yearly package of 12 Nordic drama series with 12 month of rights in the Nordic region. In the following you can find all the N12 drama series: N12 - 2018, N12 - 2019, and some drama series from N12 - 2020. The Nordic partners also co-produce between 8 and 10 young adult drama series a year. For more information see www.nordvision.org 4 N12 2018 8 LIBERTY / DR 10 RIDE UPON THE STORM 2 / DR 12 HOME GROUND 1 / NRK 14 MANNERS / RUV 16 SISTERS 1968 / SVT 18 THE DAYS THE FLOWERS BLOOM / SVT 20 BONUS FAMILY 3 / SVT 22 BLIND DONNA / YLE 24 HOOKED 1 + 2 / YLE N12 2019 26 FOLLOW THE MONEY 3 / DR 28 DELIVER US / DR 30 TWIN / NRK 32 HOME GROUND 2 / NRK 34 EVERYTHING I DON´T REMEMBER / SVT 36 SWIPE RIGHT / SVT 38 INVISIBLE HEROES / YLE 40 THE PARADISE / YLE N12 2020 42 A FAMILY MATTER / DR 44 22.
  • European Public Service Broadcasting Online

    European Public Service Broadcasting Online

    UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, COMMUNICATIONS RESEARCH CENTRE (CRC) European Public Service Broadcasting Online Services and Regulation JockumHildén,M.Soc.Sci. 30November2013 ThisstudyiscommissionedbytheFinnishBroadcastingCompanyǡYle.Theresearch wascarriedoutfromAugusttoNovember2013. Table of Contents PublicServiceBroadcasters.......................................................................................1 ListofAbbreviations.....................................................................................................3 Foreword..........................................................................................................................4 Executivesummary.......................................................................................................5 ͳIntroduction...............................................................................................................11 ʹPre-evaluationofnewservices.............................................................................15 2.1TheCommission’sexantetest...................................................................................16 2.2Legalbasisofthepublicvaluetest...........................................................................18 2.3Institutionalresponsibility.........................................................................................24 2.4Themarketimpactassessment.................................................................................31 2.5Thequestionofnewservices.....................................................................................36
  • Download This PDF File

    Download This PDF File

    internet resources John H. Barnett Global voices, global visions International radio and television broadcasts via the Web he world is calling—are you listening? used international broadcasting as a method of THere’s how . Internet radio and tele­ communicating news and competing ideologies vision—tuning into information, feature, during the Cold War. and cultural programs broadcast via the In more recent times, a number of reli­ Web—piqued the interest of some educators, gious broadcasters have appeared on short­ librarians, and instructional technologists in wave radio to communicate and evangelize the 1990s. A decade ago we were still in the to an international audience. Many of these early days of multimedia content on the Web. media outlets now share their programming Then, concerns expressed in the professional and their messages free through the Internet, literature centered on issues of licensing, as well as through shortwave radio, cable copyright, and workable business models.1 television, and podcasts. In my experiences as a reference librar­ This article will help you find your way ian and modern languages selector trying to to some of the key sources for freely avail­ make Internet radio available to faculty and able international Internet radio and TV students, there were also information tech­ programming, focusing primarily on major nology concerns over bandwidth usage and broadcasters from outside the United States, audio quality during that era. which provide regular transmissions in What a difference a decade makes. Now English. Nonetheless, one of the benefi ts of with the rise of podcasting, interest in Web tuning into Internet radio and TV is to gain radio and TV programming has recently seen access to news and knowledge of perspec­ resurgence.
  • This Is NHK 1976-77. INSTITUTION Japan Broadcasting Co., Tokyo PUB DATE 76 NOTE 36P

    This Is NHK 1976-77. INSTITUTION Japan Broadcasting Co., Tokyo PUB DATE 76 NOTE 36P

    DOCUHENT RESUSE ED 129 272 IR 004 054 TITLE This is NHK 1976-77. INSTITUTION Japan Broadcasting Co., Tokyo PUB DATE 76 NOTE 36p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 HC-$2.06 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Annual Peports; Audiences; *Broadcast Industry; Educational Radio; Foreign Countries; Production Techniques; Programing (Broadcast); *Public Television; Television Surveys IDENTIFIERS *Japan; NHK; *Nippon Hoso Kyokai ABSTRACT Nippon Hoso Kyokai (NHK), the Japanese Broadcasting Corporation, operates two public television, two medium wave radio and one VHF-FM public radio networks. NHK derives its support from receiver fees. Under the 1950 Broadcast Law which established NHK as a public broadcasting organization the Prime Minister appoints NHK's Board of Governors and the National Diet approves its budget. The government is restrained under the law from interfering with programing, however. NHK broadcasting standards are supplemented by extensive public surveying in making programing determinations. News, educational, cultural and entertainment programs plus special documentaries are presented over NHK stations. NHK's overseas system broadcasts in 21 languages. The network operates a Radio and TV Culture Research Institute and a Public Opinion Research Lab in addition to technical research division. Since 1972 NHK has had a budget deficit. New management techniques and higher fees have recently been instituted. Appendixes to the corporation report include public opinion data, technical descriptions, and a brief history of NHK. (KB) THIS IS NHK 1976-77 Nippon
  • Media Industries You Will Need to Consider

    Media Industries You Will Need to Consider

    Media Studies - TV Student Notes Media Industries You will need to consider: • Processes of production, distribution and circulation by organisations, groups and individuals in a global context. • The specialised and institutionalised nature of media production, distribution and circulation. • The significance of patterns of ownership and control including conglomerate ownership, vertical integration and diversification. • The significance of economic factors, including commercial and not-for-profit public funding, to media industries and their products. • How media organisations maintain, including through marketing, varieties of audiences nationally and globally. • The regulatory framework of contemporary media in the UK. • How processes of production, distribution and circulation shape media products. • The role of regulation in global production, distribution and circulation. • Regulation (including Livingstone and Lunt) at A level. • Cultural industries (including Hesmondhalgh) at A Level. No Burqas Behind Bars This should be linked where relevant to • Social, • Cultural, • Economic, • Political and • Historical contexts. • The significance of different ownership and/or funding models in the television industry (i.e. whether media companies are privately or publicly owned, whether they are publicly or commercially funded etc.) • The growing importance of co-productions (including international co-productions) in the television industry today Media Studies - TV 1 Media Studies - TV Student Notes • The way in which production values
  • Public Service Broadcasting As an Object for Cultural Policy in Norway and Sweden a Policy Tool and an End in Itself

    Public Service Broadcasting As an Object for Cultural Policy in Norway and Sweden a Policy Tool and an End in Itself

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv Nordicom Review 32 (2011) 2, pp. 35-47 Public Service Broadcasting as an Object for Cultural Policy in Norway and Sweden A Policy Tool and an End in Itself Håkon Larsen Abstract The future of public service broadcasting (PSB), and its role for democracy and culture in an age of globalization and digitalization, is a disputed issue among communication scholars, journalists, the general public and politicians. The PSB institutions are dependent on politi- cal support for their survival, and they have to live up to cultural policy obligations. The focus of this analysis is on the rhetoric employed in the white papers on PSB and overall cultural policy, produced between 2005 and 2007 in Norway and Sweden. The analysis shows that both countries emphasize the need to secure an inclusive public sphere, a vivid democracy and a national culture. The rhetoric differs in the sense that the Norwegian focus is on PSB as a tool for achieving cultural policy goals, while the Swedish focus is more on why the idea of PSB is important in itself. Keywords: public service broadcasting, cultural policy, media policy, cultural repertoire, Norway, Sweden Introduction Public service broadcasters have traditionally been strong media institutions in Scandi- navia. Today, the institutions are struggling to maintain their centrality and importance, as a result of the ongoing technological and economical development within the media landscape. The future of public service broadcasting (PSB) is a debated issue among scholars, politicians, journalists and the general public – “The new context of PSB has serious consequences for every aspect of its operations: for its mission, programming, organization and funding” (Bardoel and l’Haenens 2008: 342).
  • Accountability in Public Service Broadcasting: the Evolution of Promises and Assessments

    Accountability in Public Service Broadcasting: the Evolution of Promises and Assessments

    Accountability in Public Service Broadcasting: The Evolution of Promises and Assessments NAKAMURA Yoshiko Today, the world’s public service broadcasters, including NHK in Japan, are increasingly called upon to define their remits and make them public, and to present the assessments as to whether they are indeed being carried out. Since public service broadcasters throughout the world operate with funds collected through license fees (receiving fees in Japan) or public funds such as govern- ment subsidies, they are obliged to be accountable to the audiences and citi- zens paying for the service. Until now, public service broadcasters have sought to ensure accountability by meeting institutional requirements such as publication of mandatory annual reports and accounts, handling of audience complaints, and responses to audience needs through broadcasting commit- tees. Public service broadcasters obviously need to be accountable in order to maintain trust with their audiences. This basic assumption is shared by European media scholars and researchers. Cultural Dilemmas in Public Service Broadcasting, by Gregory Ferrell Lowe and Per Jauert (Lowe and Jauert, 2005), which not only focuses on public service broadcasting quality, performance assessment, and the need for accountability but also suggests possible strategies for public service broadcasters in the face of a changing media environment, offers valuable thought on these issues. This paper will present case studies of the initiatives taken by public broadcasters in Sweden, Denmark, the U.K., and Japan regarding accountability and discuss mainly institutional reforms for strengthening accountability. REASONS FOR STRENGTHENING ACCOUNTABILITY Since the 1990s, advances in cable television technology and the availability of satellite broadcasting have made it possible for broadcasters across the world to provide multiple channels.
  • The Autonomy of Scandinavian Public Service Broadcasters During Election Campaign Periods Principles and Practices

    The Autonomy of Scandinavian Public Service Broadcasters During Election Campaign Periods Principles and Practices

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Göteborgs universitets publikationer - e-publicering och e-arkiv 10.2478/nor-2013-0043 Nordicom Review 34 (2013) 1, pp. 63-76 The Autonomy of Scandinavian Public Service Broadcasters During Election Campaign Periods Principles and Practices Kjersti Thorbjørnsrud Abstract This comparative case study explores the formal and informal principles governing election formats produced by the public service broadcasters in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. The focus is on external regulation vs. journalistic autonomy and on principles of balance and access. The conclusion is that the Scandinavian broadcasters, to a larger extent than broadcasters in other Western countries, independently control the form and content of their election formats. This journalistic autonomy, however, has brought about election formats governed by different principles of access. The Danish and Swedish formats are based on a moderate stopwatch logic, whereas the election formats in Norway center on criteria of audience appeal, resulting in a model of access disproportionately favoring certain political parties. The high degree of journalistic control of election formats in Scandinavia, paired with the low control of political parties encourage a discussion of some of the central premises in the Democratic Corporatist Model. Keywords: election coverage, regulation, journalistic autonomy, broadcasters, models of media and politics Introduction Debates between incumbents and their rivals and the journalistic interrogation of party leaders on TV during election campaign periods usually attract large audiences (Cole- man 2000). For broadcasters, these media events are attractive to organize, produce and transmit. For political leaders, the stakes are high when taking part in such formats, and they share an interest in influencing their form and content.
  • Analysis of Government Support for Public Broadcasting and Other Culture in Canada

    Analysis of Government Support for Public Broadcasting and Other Culture in Canada

    Analysis of Government Support for Public Broadcasting and Other Culture in Canada Nordicity Group Ltd. Prepared for Canadian Broadcasting Corporation / La Société Radio-Canada June 2006 About Nordicity Group Ltd. Nordicity Group Ltd. (www.nordicity.com), founded in 1979, is one Canada’s leading strategy consulting firms for clients in the media/entertainment, culture/content, and telecommunications sectors: broadcasting, print, music, television/film production, new media, art/museums, cable, satellite and terrestrial wireless/wire-line telecommunications. Our consultants work with clients in both the private and public sectors to make business and policy decisions, and to understand the impacts of policy and regulatory developments. Nordicity helps businesses make strategic decisions; we also address regulatory and government policy issues for firms, consortia, and industry associations. Nordicity helps governments and other organizations develop and evaluate policy and regulation. Our consultants provide clients with strategic planning, business case analysis, market assessment and forecasting, economic analysis, financial modelling, evaluation frameworks, and other tools for strategic and operational decision making. Nordicity has offices in Ottawa and Toronto, with associates in other Canadian cities. We also offer global delivery of our expertise through affiliations with international professional services firms, notably PricewaterhouseCoopers and IBM Business Consulting Services. i Table of Contents Page Executive Summary...................................................................................................................................
  • Public Broadcaster Comparison 2016

    Public Broadcaster Comparison 2016

    Analysis of Government Support for Public Broadcasting Nordicity Prepared for CBC|Radio-Canada April 11, 2016 About Nordicity Nordicity (www.nordicity.com) is a powerful analytical engine with expertise in strategy and business, evaluation and economics, policy and regulation for the arts, cultural and creative industries. Because of Nordicity’s international presence, it has become widely recognized for its ability to translate developments and best practices between markets for the private, public and third sectors. Nordicity would like to Dr. Manfred Kops of the Institute for Broadcasting Economics at the University of Cologne for his contribution to the research and analysis of public broadcasting funding in Germany. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 1. Introduction 4 2. The Potential Benefits of Public Broadcasting 5 2.1 Market failure in broadcasting 5 2.2 Role of public broadcasting 5 2.3 Potential benefits index 6 3. International Comparison of Public Broadcasting 9 3.1 Public funding for public broadcasting 9 3.2 Public funding vs. potential benefits 11 3.3 Commercial revenues 12 3.4 Advertising revenues 15 3.5 Public funding by type of funding tenure 18 4. The Canadian Government’s Economic Support for Culture 19 5. Funding Models for Public Broadcasting 22 5.1 Overview of funding models 22 5.2 Funding model changes in selected countries 24 5.2.1 France 24 5.2.2 Spain 28 5.2.3 Germany 30 5.2.4 Finland 34 5.2.5 United Kingdom 35 5.3 Key findings 38 References and Data Sources 40 Appendix A: Statistics for Public Broadcasters