PreservingPreserving TVTV && BroadcastBroadcast ArchivesArchives
JuneJune 20022002 AdrianAdrian WilliamsWilliams SizeSize ofof thethe ArchiveArchive
• The BBC has one of the largest multi-media archives in the world • 1.75 million items of film and videotape • 800,000 radio recordings • 3 million photographs • 1.2 million commercial recordings • 4 million items of sheet music • 22.5 million newspaper cuttings • 600,000 document files • 20,000 rolls of microfilm • 500,000 phonetic pronunciations UsageUsage ofof FormatsFormats
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990
2” Quad Videotape
1” C Format Videotape
U-MATIC Videotape
BETA
Reversal Film
Eastman & B/W Film
Acetate Magnetic Sound Track TV Progs
Sound - Shellac & Vinyl Discs Preservation of the Archives – total estimated spend £60M
Formats at Film Sound 1” C U-Matic Reversal Eastman & 2” Quad B/W Film Risk Track Film (Ekta) Phases 1 & 2 Phases 1 & Phase 1 Phase 1 Vinyl BetaSP £1.4M 2 £1.17M £390K Sept 1998- £1.5M Sept Sept Oct 99 Sept 1998- 1998- 1998- Completed! Dec99 Dec99 Dec99
Interim: Jan 2000 £120K £260K £20K
£7M £1.8M
3-yr Funding from May 2000 £6M £2M £2M
Total Investment £6M £7M £16M £5M £3M £2M £9M £10M Preservation of the Archives – total estimated spend £60M
Formats at Film Sound 1” C U-Matic Reversal Eastman & 2” Quad B/W Film Risk Track Film (Ekta) Vinyl BetaSP
Project completed by Mar 2003
From £1M £3M April 2003 £9M £1.3M £9M
From April 2006 £10M
Total Investment £6M £7M £16M £5M £3M £2M £9M £10M PREPARATION & RESEARCH
Offline editing
Internet
ARCHIVE MANIPU- RE-USE LATION
CAPTURE
IDEA & PLANNING PLAY-OUT
EDITING & GRAPHICS DESIGN http://presto.joanneum.ac.at/index.asp
Vectracom EC Project Presto
GOAL: reduce preservation cost 30%
• 24 months, 10 partners, 4.8 M€ •BBC, INA, RAI • 7 technology partners Audio: ACS Video: e-vod, S&W, Vectracom Film: NTEC –Subcontracts: Bertin; ITK General: JOANNEUM, ITC/IRST
• 7 other major broadcast archives in user group SVT, ORF, SWR, NRK, YLE, NAA, TTR Project Management
Analysis Phase Implementation Phase
Break point ! WP 4 Audio Digitisation
WP 2 - User WP 3 - System Requirements Requirements WP7: Metadata Integration Key Link Technology Size and urgency Technologies of problem state of the art WP 5 Film Digitisation
WP7: Metadata System Integration Organisational Process Integration Models Analysis Analysis Key Link Technology & Test
WP 6 Video Digitisation
User and Market System functional WP7: Metadata Specifications Requirements Integration Key Link Technology
Evaluation, Exploitation & Dissemination 2,000,000
1,800,000
1,600,000
1,400,000
1,200,000
Film Holdings 1,000,000 Items 800,000 Video Holdings 600,000 Audio Holding 400,000
200,000
0 BBC INA RAI NAA ORF SWR SVT TRT YLE
Archives 1 million hrs film 1.6 million hrs video 2 million hrs audio Process Requirements
• End to end process • Identification of costs • Development of cost effective approaches to batch processing Examples are:- • automatic quality-checking equipment • software for overall control of end to end process • purpose built preservation areas to optimise equipment and streamline movement of material • investment in in-house rather than contracted facilities • Links to the wider business process (part of the overall information & media flow of a broadcaster) • Link to future business ( the future archive)
It is vital to the future of broadcasting and broadcast archives to have an increased appreciation of the value, not just the cost, of new technology Cost per use: true cost of an asset is a total life-cycle cost
Like for like Usage Cost Mass storage Usage Cost preservation over per preservation over life per life cycle life use life cycle cycle use cost p/hr cycle cost p/hr Film 2000€ 5 400€ 3000€ 10 300€ Video 200€ 5 40€ 300€ 10 30€ Audio 120€ 5 24€ 180€ 10 18€
Digitisation and mass storage is about 50% more expensive, but is expected to double usage of an asset
The value of an item must be four times the preservation cost to be financially viable
One minute of sold or re-used archive material will pay for preservation of one hour of archive material KeyKey linkslinks developeddeveloped byby PRESTOPRESTO
•Audio •Film •Video •Metadata
14 Detailed Reports; all on the Workshop Proceedings CD & Website AudioAudio
• Software: Audio Quality Monitor (ITC-irst)
• Document: Audio Transfer Process (ACS)
• Device: Audio Playback Improvement (RAI)
• Tests: Audio Lossless Compression (RAI) FilmFilm
•Device: Auto-resplice machine (INA; Bertin) •Document: Sustainability of Broadcast Film Archives (ITK) •Software and Specification: High Quality Format Conversion (JOANNEUM) •Tests: Lossless and near-lossless compression for film (and video) (JOANNEUM) VideoVideo
• Devices: Digitisation quality monitoring / logging (INA, Vectracom, ITC-irst)
• Device: Time base corrector with drop out detection and compensation (S&W)
• System Integration,Tests and Document: Multi- level encoding (e-vod) PreservationPreservation andand DistributionDistribution :: thethe videovideo transfertransfer chainchain
Workflow
Time Base Digital Preparation Loading, correction, Shelves Betacam Checking (handling, Playback, decoding, cleaning, unloading conversion labelling, to 4.2.2 specific digital processes)
or Digital Files on Digital Loading, compression servers Betacam Playback, Checking unloading and encoding (browsing, delivery quality), or shelves (delivery, archival) MetadataMetadata managementmanagement
• Documents – Metadata and the Preservation Workflow (the workflow IS metadata management)
– Guide to Metadata (how to use metadata to reduce costs and increase quality, and not get lost in the maze of metadata standards)
• Software: Common access to broadcast archives (Broadcast OPAC; using standards)
ConclusionConclusion
! Everything online now is impossible ! Browsing quality within seconds starts to be possible on large databases ! Usable quality within minutes on selected samples possible ! When transferring ! Make a high quality copy ! Make a browsing quality copy, put it on line ! Put effort on indexing ! Work to prepare a near-on-line copy ! Have a 10-20 years plan... ConclusionConclusion
Europe requires a dedicated preservation factory http://presto.joanneum.ac.at/index.asp
Vectracom