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New Sweden Featured at AHSM Talk Dennis L Swedish American Genealogist Volume 27 | Number 2 Article 7 6-1-2007 New Sweden featured at AHSM talk Dennis L. Johnson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag Part of the Genealogy Commons, and the Scandinavian Studies Commons Recommended Citation Johnson, Dennis L. (2007) "New Sweden featured at AHSM talk," Swedish American Genealogist: Vol. 27 : No. 2 , Article 7. Available at: https://digitalcommons.augustana.edu/swensonsag/vol27/iss2/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center at Augustana Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Swedish American Genealogist by an authorized editor of Augustana Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. New Sweden Featured at ASHM Talk in Philadelphia BY DENNIS L. JOHNSON Nearly 370 years ago, two small sites exist in the area which can trace sailing ships, the Kalmar Nyckel and their origins to the colony in some the Fogel Grip, were chartered by a way. Dutch and Swedish trading company to carry a small group of Swedes to The Early Years North America to settle on the banks At the time of the New Sweden set- of the Delaware River, on lands that tlement, the Dutch and the English are now part of Delaware, Pennsyl- were competing for ascendancy on vania, and New Jersey. This colony, the northeast coast of North America. established in 1638, followed closely By 1638, Sweden had embarked after English and Dutch settlements upon her “age of greatness” be- in Massachusetts, Virginia, New ginning with King Gustav II Adolf in York, and a few other locations in the 1611. When he fell at the battle of th early decades of the 17 century. The Lützen in 1632, he was succeeded by small settlement slowly grew and his daughter Christina, first as re- became absorbed into the later gent (1632-44) and then as queen founding by William Penn of Phila- from 1644 until her abdication in delphia and the surrounding region. 1654. Through the Palatine dynasty New Sweden was largely lost to Kim-Eric Williams. that followed with Karl X Gustav, history for over 200 years as the ori- Karl XI, Karl XII, and Ulrika Eleo- delphia. (Dr. Williams did not learn ginal colonists intermarried with nora, ending in 1751, Sweden con- of his own Swedish roots until later other groups and their descendants tinued as a major power in Europe. in life, when he discovered that he is participated in the growth of the area While the little colony in North Amer- a descendant of at least three colo- and took part in events leading to the ica was struggling to survive, some nial families.) While the present founding of the United States of of the greatest classical castles and outlook for these institutions, in- America. However, many records, manor houses in Sweden were being cluding the Swedish Colonial Society, buildings, and objects dating to the designed and built. These included the American Swedish Historical Swedish colony remained to be re- Drottningholm Palace begun in 1662, Museum, the Kalmar Nyckel Foun- discovered and celebrated in more Skokloster Castle, begun 1654, The dation, and Old Swedes’ Churches in recent times. House of Nobles (Riddarhuset) in Philadelphia and Wilmington, is The past, present, and future of Stockholm (1641-74), and many bright, Dr. Williams raised some dan- the local organizations existing today others. During this period, Sweden ger signals for the future. The Colo- as a result of this rediscovery were was also heavily engaged in foreign nial Society is thriving, the Ameri- highlighted in a talk given recently wars and territorial expansion in the can Swedish Historical Museum is to the Genealogy Club of the Ameri- Baltic, and it had little interest in or alive and well, the replica sailing can Swedish Historical Museum by support for the small colony in North ship Kalmar Nyckel serves as a sea- Dr. Kim-Eric Williams, currently America. going ambassador for Delaware, and Governor of the Council of the Swed- After a shaky start with many a number of churches and historic ish Colonial Society, based in Phila- deaths from disease or famine, the Swedish American Genealogist 2007:2 13 little colony was reinforced over the church was built by the oldest Chris- next seventeen years by twelve more tian congregation in the Delaware expeditions that left Sweden for the Valley. The following year, 1700, Glo- new world and by 1655, a total of ria Dei (Old Swedes’) was completed eleven sailing ships and about 600 at Wicaco in what is now South Phil- Swedes and Finns had arrived in the adelphia. This new brick church Delaware Valley. Soon the colony had replaced an earlier church on Tini- spread into many farms and small cum Island that dated from 1646. settlements scattered along both Gloria Dei is now the oldest church banks of the Delaware River from in Pennsylvania, and is listed on the below present-day Newcastle, Dela- National Register. ware, to as far as present-day Tren- These churches were followed in ton, New Jersey. The Finns among later years by St. Mary Anne’s in the colonists were usually identified North East, MD, Trinity church in separately but, since Finland at the Swedesboro, NJ, in 1783-6, St. time was part of Sweden, they were George’s in Pennsville, NJ, in 1801 also Swedish citizens. The Swedes (log church 1735), St. Gabriel’s in and Finns, being primarily rural Douglassville, PA, Christ Church in people interested in agriculture, Upper Merion, PA, and St. James in maintained good relations with the Kingsessing, Philadelphia, in 1763. Native Americans, unlike several of All were initially formed by Swed- the other colonies at the time. ish congregations and illustrate by Gloria Dei in Philadelphia. The year 1655 ended their inde- their locations how the descendants to be found in the newspapers of the pendence as a Swedish colony, when of the New Sweden settlers spread time. Nils Collin (1746–1831), the the Dutch colony in New Amsterdam in various directions over the first last Swedish Lutheran pastor of Glo- (now New York) asserted its power century of their presence in the Dela- ria Dei in Philadelphia, had earlier and took over the colony without ware Valley. Pastors ordained in begun trying to create a sense of his- bloodshed. Swedes continued to Sweden served these churches, with tory about New Sweden, and this was govern themselves with little inter- some interruptions, up until the time picked up on by some of his asso- ference until 1681, when William of the American Revolution. After ciates, but little came of these efforts. Penn received his charter for Penn- this date, Sweden did not send In 1835, Jehu Curtis Clay wrote sylvania and Delaware. Control then pastors and all of these churches his Annals of the Swedes on the passed to the English, again without looked to the Episcopal Church for Delaware, the first English language conflict. Although a small number of clergy, and joined that denomination, history of the colony to be published. Swedes continued to come to the in which they remain today. Today’s Holy Trinity Church actually closed area, they were soon vastly out- congregations now reflect the present for a few years from 1836 to 1842. (It numbered by English and other makeup of each of their neigh- was restored in 1899 to recreate the colonists. The small group of Swedes borhoods; only the buildings and original pews and pulpit.) Later, in and Finns, by then into their second congregational histories reflect their the 1890’s, Charles Janeway Stille, and third generations, began to blend Swedish colonial tradition. provost at the University of Pennsyl- into the expanding population as the The Swedes that formed these vania, became interested in the his- cities grew and many more people congregations over the five to six gen- tory of New Sweden after having settled the rural areas on both sides erations between the original colo- discovered his own Swedish roots in of the Delaware River. nists and the Revolutionary War had Roslagen, Sweden. In 1890, Horace scattered around the Delaware Burr, a vestryman at Holy Trinity, Blending in Valley. Many others began to join the wrote translations of the records of The Swedes had clearly left their westward movement of their fellow Holy Trinity Church, but these are mark, however, particularly in the Americans to seek their fortunes thought to be poor translations. 1888 form of the various churches, forti- elsewhere. Intermarriage became saw the first celebration of the th fications, and some houses that have much more common, and the Swe- anniversary (250 ) of the New survived from these early days. The dish language had all but disap- Sweden Colony, but in Chicago, not first temporary log churches have peared. Original surnames some- in Philadelphia! been lost, but by 1699 a permanent times disappeared or spellings were stone church, Holy Trinity (Old altered. Records and histories took The Reawakening little notice of the fate of the presence Swedes’) was completed on the burial It was not until after the arrival of of these early Swedes. By 1838, the ground of Fort Christina in present- Amandus Johnson to Philadelphia in 200th anniversary of New Sweden, day Wilmington, Delaware. This 1905, that any serious research or there was no mention of this event 14 Swedish American Genealogist 2007:2 work began in the recognition of the sion in the 1930’s, however. In June, history of New Sweden. Amandus 1938, as part of the 300th anni- Johnson (1877–1974) was born in versary celebration of New Sweden, Småland, Sweden, in 1877.
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