A bibliography of the life and dramatic art of Dion Boucicault; with a handlist of plays

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Authors Livieratos, James Nicholas, 1923-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318894 A BiBLIOGRAPHr OF THE LIFE - AND:DRAMATIC AET OFDIGH BGUGICAULT5

■w i t h A M i d l i s t of pla ys

v :': . y '- v ■ V; - , ■■ : ■ \.." ■ .' , ' ' „ ; James H 0 Livieratos

" ###*##* "

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the

DEPART1#!NT OF DRAMA : ^ : Z;

In;Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

... ■ ' For the Degree : qT :.. y , : ^■ . MASTER OF ARTS

: •/ : In the Graduate College ■ / UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA ;

1 9 6 0 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR

This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfill­ ment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in The University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library.

Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable with­ out special permission, provided that accurate acknowledg­ ment of source is made. Requests for permission for ex­ tended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in their judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author.

SIGNED

APPROVAL BY MAJOR DEPARTMENT

This thesis has been approved on the date shown below:

IZ* / j a A d Peter R. Marroney Xj Date Professor of Drama TAB L E 0 F . C 0 N T E W T S

Section I, . General Introduction : Section II A Short Biography.of DionBoucicault : U Section ill A Selected Bibliography 28 Section I¥ Handlist of Plays ' . 64

; v :; ^ i 8Ij. GENERAL INTRODUCTION

. _ When one loeks.at the theatre In'retrospeet9

one often loses sight of what people in a certain era

actmally saw and enjoyed» Students of the drama9 looking over the immediate past9 tend to concentrate on figures of high literary value, such as Shaw9 O'Neill9

Ibsen9: Strindberg9 and Chekhov as the great" forceso•

While this is true9 these.were not the playwrights whom the average theatre=going audience took to its heart and eheeredo The average person today watches television and by reading the indices we see that our westerns9 modern mystery melodramas9 and sentimental comedies are

the main attractions while great operas 9 symphony or** ■■■ chestraS) and dramatic shows such as Omnibus and the

Play of the Week struggle to survive0 In our fast growing country of the mid^nineteenth century9 public taste and literary criticism were not as clearly defined as they are today0 Literary scholars and theatre historians lump this mid=nineteenth=century period and pass over it quickly as a time of upstart adolescence in the struggle for the maturity of the twentieth century

American drama» Seeking a topic for my thesis led me to this rela® tively unexplored period9 and T was struck by Dion Boueicault9 who seemed to emerge as the reigning prince and idol of the

■■ '' i populace of 1850-1875® Trying to discover more about this

playwright whose plays held the American eye for such a long period and whose prolifip pen flowed continuously^ I

was surprised that little is attributed to him either as an

American playwright or a literary figure of his time0 Theatre historians such as Arthur Hobson Quinn, give a disproportionate evaluation to a Boucieault eon« .

teMporary like George HenryBoker9 whose fame rests on one

drama9 Francesca da Elmini. whereas Dion Boucieault wrote

dozens of successful plays« starting with London Assurance

/■in Ib^i^ ; Boucieault ^ s plays were still being produced in the early twentieth century.j were made into movies as late

as 1931 (The Pbor; of lew York) 9 and are occasionally pro-*

dueed eyeh';today,

'Mr® Peter Harroney9 head of the University of

Arizona Drama Department ? is responsible for my deep inter®

est in the theatre» He referred me to Dr0 Bat Mo Ryan9 Jr»

who has been, bdth adyisor ' and guide 5 who has . taken.' time-;!;© .

request informatioh ffom his friendsj who has helped with

research8 has lent special material from his own private

collection9 and under whom this thesis was undertaken» The University of/Arizona library personnels, particularly 'Mr@ / / ^

Donald Mo' Powell and Mr So LutieLo Hlgley9 has extended in­

valuable help throughout the researeho

The thesis contains three main Sections 9 including . a 'shorMograpMy;;©f; Di©h B,oucieault9 -a- selected bibllo-

grapiiy3 and a handlist of Bottcieanlt^s known pXayso, A SHORT 11 ©©R&PHI OF ©ION' B©UG IG

Boueieamlt ^ Bompeieatilt 9 Boarsequot.s Larimer^ M©retdn9. a M Morton were all names "by which thisman of

the theatre was varicmsly known0 Giving all these names

only helps us to show under what a cloud of mystery re­

search has been foundering in trying to discover:the trme

facts about this dominant ■personality9 'whose figUfe loomed

large upon the American and English stage from I8tl to l«90o . ' : :r : V ' ■■■.tf; ;

; Even Boueicault !s birthdate .and parentage are still

questioned by scholars9 althoughmost feel that his natural

fa ther wa s.Br 0 liohysuis Lardner| , while the da te of his

birth yafies from December 2# 9 18203 to December 20 9 1822«

.'■Most sources agree/ than his /mother"was-' Anne Marie Darley3 ■ '

who in 1812 married Samuel Smith Boursiquoto Dion Bouei=» ,

' eaUlt'; was;v..born::ih';''Dublin9: :,:Irelahdi;'-v::; ■„■ ■' : : In 1 8 3 3 9 •Boucieault attended a private school near

London and, then Was enrolled at London University©,: In

I8389 he wa s remoted to a 0 oliegiate school in Brentford;

■where he did his first acting and wrote his first play9 :,

Haboleonrs Old GuardQ which was later produced at the

^John Parker 9 ede ? WhoJ_s__Who_,in the Theatre.0 1 0 th edition (lew York; Pitman Publishing.Gompany9 1 9 ^7 ) 9 po1 5 0 9 r ■ :> ■ ■■■ \ 5 : ", ,• . ' ; - „•'; .. ■ - ■ ' ..... : V: . : ■■■«...... : ■■ • PriBeess 8s Theatre^ Ldndon9 -18^2 = " lie©!! assigBs. the be^-:"'; - -v

giBBlng ©fLBoBeieaultTs playwriting career t© the year

18280 with A Legend of the Devil8 s Dyke« •produced 1m

B^ightoB9;' EBglaadV 1 8 3 8 ^ : ■ . ■ ’ • ' ; - On leaving Brentwood3 Bouclcault was apprenticed

to Bro DibBysmls Lardtter as an eBglBeer9'but this:work

failed to hold Boueieault8s interest9 and he soon, went to

the proyiBeess, -where5..aeeording to Barton Hill— actor and reliable., stage'.;historiaB"=-BoBeleaBlt• ■:j©ined an acting '

eoEpany managed by Hill11 s father^ under the stage^name Lee

MoretOBo As. a member of the Hill Acting Company? Boueieault

..topredh.thev proylnces ^ and London^ writing and' aetingo There,

is some discrepancy as to the year he joined this acting

company9 since Boueieault8 s own words differ from Barton

. Hill^s 9 .Who'.'ClaimSv t was. a.- member of . the .

company in iiS7 when he and the Hill family attended Vie*6

toria *s coronation© ^ Boueieault8s early scripts include

Jack Shennardi■ a fOur^act adaptatibn'-' of Ainsworth'1 s novel ;: -

•p : ■ ; . ' 1 '■ ■■ • ’ V ’ ; . Townsend Walsh5 The Career of Blon Boueieault . • ' ;lPublieati©n of the Dunlap Soe.Ietys 3rd Seriess HoG xlg ... 'Hew. Torfc9 191^)9 .ppo ■-ll»iM'o - 'y' ■' •.. ''l- '; 1 •

Centurv Dramaa l800”l85Q (CambridgeQ Englands At the Univer™ sify Press j 1930)^. 1 ? 1 8 8 . ,. : . • ... . '. ., , > ' . ' . / . Walsh« Obo clt O 0 Po. 15b ; ■ . .. ' . r . '. . • ; ; '

: : Vhbid„>." /.; ' I : " of: the; same aame« produced December 2 8 3 1 8 3 9% at the Royal

Theatre in Emil; The Legend of the Devilge Bytee. Brighton9 ' : '■ . ■ ■ ' .. ■ ■ % :: , '■ ' < ■ ' l8 3 8 g and Hard Doa Queen's Theatren London. 184-0 0

; -' v!■' ; In lSVlj Bomcicamlt wentr.t©'.‘London with letters o f ,

introdaetion from Barton Hill9 which he presented to Charles

- Ha thews manager1 ofthe Covent Garden-' Theatre^: :-al©hg-withv;' ■

the script9 A Lover By Proxy, which was refusedc A month

; later 5, however 9 Mathews accepted ■.London: Assurance^ and pro«

dmeedA' it March V ? l8 4 l9 at Govemt Garden Theatre 9 .where : '' A:'"

if was an instantaneoms smceess» ' \ V.

Imring the next ten years9 Bomcicamlt did no acting9

>mt wrote a nmmber of plays 9 1all prodmeed in London9 in® :

; ■clmdihg The Irish Heiress a the:1 first drama produced under ■ ■■ his own name 5 February9 18U2 g A Lover by Proxyo April 2 1 0 V y o V A 1' l#4 -2 % Alma Mater g or.. A Cure■ for Coquettes. September 19-9 :

l84-29 a play attacked as being full of plagiarism; Curio®

si ties of Literature ci’ September 19 5 1842; Sharp ^s the Word,

Lynn Eari Orr9 "Dion Boueieault and the lineteenth Century Theatres A Biography.)" PhoD0- Dissertation;.. ' Louisihne State University^ 19429 pp0 21®22o I am pleased to acknowledge my indebtedness to this fine study; which has proved a leading source for facts presented In the present ■ thesis 9 and which I shall: frequently, cite in the succeeding ' pages.o- v.: ■ :;Ay .; :. :::- v ' ■ 'Montrose F 0 Mdses* Famous Actor-Familles in America (Mew Yorks : Thomas D c Crowell & Company9 1 9 0 6 ) • •

Orr ; , .Q]3 a cl t o 0 p » 3 5 - 9 ; • ; : 1 ^HiCoil* A ;Hid tOrv of Eaflv lineteenth Century Drama iSOO^iS^O? •’ I!. • ■■■■ ' ..,r ■ , ' 7 ■ ; . 18^3? Woman0 October 29 I8H3 1 Used XJt)q February8 1 8 W 9

the first of a long series of adaptations9 lifted from.the

French play IiTh©mme Blase 1 Fox and Goosey October 2 9 1844|

Bon Caesar de Bazan.0 Oetoher iha 18U4 9 written with Ben

Webster § and The Bid Guard (Napoleon8s Old Guard) 0 l8h2n

However9 after London AssmraneeQ Boueicault did not have

another real sueeess nhtil lovemher 189 IShh9 when Old

Heads and Young Hearts^ a comedy patterned after London

Assuranceo was prodnced at the Haymarket Theatre9 Londonc

From 1844 to 1848, Boueicault was in France and

hecames; acquainted with French drama during this four year :

•visito He was to fall hack on this background of French

plays, for years to cOme-o ■’ Burihg' his French visit3 he .-’ir;:

married for the first tlme==to an Unknown widow of means9

some iyears: his senior 5 who died. shortly .after ,the 'marriages. (Humor has it that BoucieaUlt pushed.her off a cliffo) :;lV:, On departing England for France 9 he left scripts

for the London stagea including A Soldier of Fortune« Up

:. the: Fiuei or0 .What *s ih ' the Wind : (written with Sharles . Kenney) 9 and A School for Schemingo In 18V89 he re®

turned t© England bankrupt and continued to write plays 9

"' : ; ^9orr 9 "Dion Boueicault 9 " p» hl0 , ^Allardvce Hicollr, A History of Late Nineteenth Century Drama 0 18?0«19OO (Cambridge s England2 The Univer« ■ sity7re_ss7^19^6) ? II7 260 0 , ". ' . ,' . :,v including Gonfidenee0 The Knight of Arran The Willow ' Copse,» The Broken Yowo and The Queen .of Spades«' / -

In 18519 Boucicault became a resident playwright

■ » and Mr So Charles Kean— manager s of the Princess $s :

Theatre9 Lendono It was there that Boueieault met his

seceni wife 9 Agnes Robertson9 who was his common law wife ; '' i ; : 12 ':.v; ' : ' ' , ; .. • ' /v'v' - for thirty-two. yearso It the •Princesses he wrote Love

, in a Mazeo The Corslean BrotherS a Pauline9 - and The Vampire;

in which he returned to actingsr 18^20

- In 18539 the Boucicaults came t© ;America separately

Agnes first appeared on the stage in Canada9 then in lew Yofke, After leaving the script of Louis XI in London at .

the Princess8s. Theatre % and Pierre the Foundling at the

Adelphi Theatre9 Boueieault came directly to lew Yorko ■

Concerning Boudieault8s afriva1 in America 9 Lynn Earl Orr commentss v V; ;- . ■ : ,.. ; ;

At the..time of 'his deaths much speculation arose :.v as to what the real reason was for Boueieault8s coming to America o lym erinklelBj writing in the Worldo.stated that Bducieault left,England ^disgusted with the English; theatre1’ and that % . ; ' t8he was. without money and with no immediate pros­ pects 988 while others reasohed that he left England to escape his creditors 9 he came to : America to manage Agnes lobertson9 and still others 9 that he came to supervise a series of his plays 9 which were to be performed at Wallaek®s . Theatre that fallot .' v/: , ■ V

^Orr 9 '‘Di o n Boueieault 9 " po 4 6 &

o € 0 - ¥he e le r .,; a Boueicaultv'f ©@ 0 In America during the season l853 ”51+9 Boucicauit

lived in the ;refleeted glory of Agnes Robertson9 who tdok the American public by storm wherever . she' appeared=»N@w y ■/

York; Boston9 Philadelphia 9 Washington9 1 ? C 09 and Ghieago6 MrSo Robertson appeared primarily in: scripts written for. : her by Boueieault* such as The Young Actress, To Parents "';'V and Guardians o ■ The Fox Hunt a Masks" and 'Faces ‘ Andy Blake o ';

and The Prirna Donnao : , v ■>:: '

:';V:^Ih' additlon to his playwrlting9 Boucicauit tried

his hand at a series of lectures on diversified topics

; •regarding; the •theatre and' himself o /" The se were not sue™ V

eessfml from a commercial viewpoint— the,viewpoint that was.

;■ 'Bomci@amlt:l'S‘ symhol■ -o f s u c c e s s ,; :;'• •': ■' 5 ' ■: '• ■■•■'■■ Early in the fall of 185^9 the Boucieaults toured

., Buffalo9 Chicago^ and Boston-=*«where Dion .made "his American'

stage deteut in his own play9 Used Un a- September 20o l85h0

They returned to lew York for an engagement there 9 and

Boueicamlt wrote and .produced his first contemporary

American p l a y Apollo in Hew Yorko ' From lew York they

went to Philadelphia ? Bichmond9 Cincinnati9 Mobile9 and

finally lew jDrleans9 where "their first: child9 Dion9 Jr o 9

was born9 although the actual date of the birth is unknowno

During this tour9 Boucicauit made an increasing number of

appearances in his plays a During the summer of • 18559 the

'•■*;, ; V " V C A Pi Odell. Anhals of the New York StageQ (New Yorks Columbia University Press, 19k9) 9 VI9 352° tomrea sueh places as Philadelphia^ L©nisville3

Sto Louis9 and Baltimore<> In the summer of 1856$ they

played in Gharleston and Riehmond 0-

Meantime9 in Hew Orleans^ Boucieault had accepted

■ a position as manager of.the new Gaiety Theatre for the

1855-56 seasono This was the first of a series of attempts

hy him to manage,theatres in America and England5 all of

which proved either unsuccessful or completely disastrous

for the people involvedo As manager of the Gaiety9

Boucieault attempted a series of calamitous spectacle •

pageants or Mliving pictures" for which he wrote Biblical

dramas and engaged a special companyo It was only through. Agnes Robertson8s appearances that total failure was averted

His scripts for the Gaiety includeds The Chameleon« The Cat Changed into a WomanQ Azaelc, and Unat Boucieault8s

. popular, nlav during this period .was GrimaldiAi.or« life of

an Actresso premiered in Gineinnatig 1855©

During their 1856 tour9 in Richmond 9 the Boucieaults

met Joseph Jefferson9 then acting as stage director for the

Richmond Theatre» He was later to become closely assoc®

iated with the Boucieaults as a fellow actor» From Rich®

mend they.went to New York9 where they appeared in works

by Boucieault9 including Grimaldis The Phantom (previously ■

produced in London as The Vampire)q Used Up0 The ChameleonQ

Invisible Prince (Boucieault4s authorship.;of this;, play Is

questionable) 9 and To Parents and Guardiansg or, Bob Nettleso . ' ■ . -. ' 1 1 ■■ ■

- ;X» Jttlj? l8 5 6 9 BotieieaTalt. "Was acting as the general director for William. Stuart $ who had engaged Wallaces

Theatre InNew York9 and named it the Summer GardenQ There Boueleault revived The Phantom and wrote the new play, Victor and HortensCo A mumher of his older plays were also produced thereo The Boueleaults spent the remainder of

the 1 8 5 6 -5 7 theatre season touring various eastern cities= It was in the fall of 1856 that Boueleault started his attacks on the public press, as a result of criticism of his acting in London Assuranceo Boueleault continued

these attacks on newspaper eritics for the rest of his lifei6 ■ ■ ';

. After the production of a new musical. Blue Belle0 the Boueicaults turned south, touring Charleston, New. Orleans, and other southern cities, returning to Boston by I?- ' " ' ■ ■ :' ■ ■ ' ■; March 9, 1857b At this point, a gap occurs in the Boueleault history$ even biographer Opr stresses that the. next siz months3 period of Boueleault,s life was vague0 ?!No record has been found of any activity in the United

Stateso He could have returned to England0 There are at least two reports that tend .to indicate such a journey^ .

A new play written by Boueleault was brought but at the 18 Adelphi in Londono “ ' ■ : ' ' ’ , !' ;

^Orr, MDion Boueleault," pQ I6 h 0 ■ ^Eugene Tompkins ^ The History of the Boston Theatre. 1#5=1901 (Boston & few forks Houghton Mifflin Company,

‘ 5 Pp6 50-51 o' ^®0rr, ©po eito, p0 180 ■ ■ . . At ¥ a H a c k ’s Theatre3i Hew York9 Boueieault began ' writing seripts for the fall seas on of 1857 9 including .The Invisible Husband and .Wantedo a¥idowo with -Immediate

Possessiono On Becember 8 9 18573 The Poor of Mew York

was ..presented j a play in which Boueieault hegah his writing

of Sensational drama0 The Poor of lew York had-a contemn

perary theme3 the panic of 1 8 5 7 | great visual aetiom9

Including the hurnlng of buildings and a snow scene 5 and

contemporary pictures of New Torko Boueieault made a

eurtaih.;:' speech/on opening night in which' he;- acknowledged "

the joint authorship of this play9 openly assigning credit . -i-V'; : \ 'i io ; . v , , t © collaborators Seymour^ Warden.9 and Goodrich^ - -

In January 18^8s with William Stuar19 Boueieault . :

:; leased: ah; old dancing. salon' in Washing ton s D 0 Co9 and:-;;;

transformed it into the Washington Theatre« As usual9 he

was uhsuceessful in managementi but ©nee again Agnes ; -

Bobefts©h*s perfOrmahces saved the day^ ;

Boueieault shortly appeared in New York where3 ,

on February 2 2 , 18589 he produced another great .contem-

porary successc Jessie Browng or 0 The Relief of Lucknowo. '

taken from a true incident in Indiao^° The Boucicaults . ■

next toured Boston and Philadelphia| and during the.sum= r'mei'' of 18583 Agnes again toured Canada with a company : •;

:;;;i.;:;;i|orr9.'; 5ilen.-Boueieault5;y- ' ^%alsho The Career of Bloh BoueieaultQ ps 55= . ' ; < ■ : ■ -' ; ' . 13 . managed'by E® A e Sothera0 -By.September they were to-

gether:;again im Hew York^ and in October 9 Panvrettej,

another sensational drama9 was produced at Hibloes Gar-

den0 A new dramas The Pone of Eome ^ was also produced

there on October 27^ 18580 For the rest of the season they played in Hew York and toured in various plays while

Dion was trying to formulate plans for building a new theatre in Hew Yorka -

The 1 8 99^60 season in New York is often referred

to as yThe Boueieault Season13 because Boueieault^s plays

dominated the entire Hew York stageAlso during this

season Boueieault gave up his. idea of building a new

theatre 9 he and Stuart instead remodeling an ©Id. one9

calling it the Winter Garden0 ¥allack8s and Laura Keeners were the two dominant theatres in Hew York5 and it was with Laura Keene1A Theatre that Boueieault became assoeia*=

ted before the season Ss ends. ;

- At the Winter Garden9 he wrote and directed.Dot

(adapted from Dickens8 Cricket on the Hearth)a with a cast including Agnes'Robertson and Joseph Jefferson§

Ghamoimi III& Smlke (an adaptation of Dickens1 Nicholas

Hieklebv); and his well-known and controversial The,-Getoro< a social problem drama dealing with slaveryo ; PotQ Smike 0 and The Octoroon were smash hits5 and Boueieault became so

.'2.%he Hew-York Daily Times Q Wednesdays December 9 9 1857i Hereafter designated as Times0 dissatisfied with his share of profits from the latter8s prodctctipn that he and Agnes left in a huff and joined

Laura Keene’s company0

Op January 99 1 8 6 0 % at Laura Keene8s Theatre9

Boueleault presented a dramatization of Sir Walter Seotfs The Heart of Midlothian^ whieh he reehristened The Trial

of. Effie Deans o This was followed by the unsuccessful

Vanity Fair (not an adaptation of Thackerayrs novel9 but

founded : on Philippe Dumanoir8 s play a Les Fanfarons de Vice»): lext came one of the best known of Boueleault5s dramas

, of this eraa The Colleen Bawns on The Brides of. Garroweno

In this play9 Boueleault made the Irish character a eom*»'

paratively realistic individual9 rather than the traditional i/ 1 buffoon or burlesque type o Ibtwithstanding some censure '

from the erities (s,o& °9 the T i m e s )^3 the production was a great successo ■ : l v:- /t.-v . y/Vv .

On July 209 1 8 6 0 % the Boueieaults left Hew York%

mot to return for twelve' yearso During the seven years ■

of this initial visit9 Bouc.icault— arriving in America at

a time when lew York9 the center of theatrical activity%

was dependent upon foreign authors for a supply of new

scripts««had established himself as playwright9 actor9 ,

and stage managero Orr points out, 8It was mainly through

^Qdelly Annals of the Mew York Stage Q .VIIa 221®

^^Tlmesn March 3 I9 l860o his.efforts as a dramatist that America eould boast of

the beginnings of a drama written im America and on the American scene

: ' '. Arriving'in London9 the Boueieaults first appeared

at the New Adelphi9 September 109 i8 6 0 9 with The Colleen

Bawn« followed December 6 S 18609^^ by She Octoroonc, whose

tragic ending Boneieault changed to suit the English view

on slaveryo On February 109 18610 The.Dublin Bov was presentedo It was an adaptation of Le Gamin de Paris

In the fall of 18629 Boucicault rented Ashley$s

Old Gircus Amphitheatre9 renamed it the Theatre Royal9

-Westminister9 and produced some of his old plays o By the .

fall of 1863 9 he had succumbed t to bankruptcy again0. To

meet his financial obligations he and Agnes toured the

provinces in his plays9 and he reworked The Poor of Mew

York into The Poor of Liverpool and, again9 into The Poor

of London,-, In the .fall of l86 h 9 in Dublin9 he produced

his second great Irish play9 Arrah^na^Pogues or^ The

^ O r r 9 ““Dion Boueleault921 p0 264-0 '■

^^Albert E 0 Johnson9 "Dion Boueieaults Man and Fable 9" Educational Theatre Journal» 19^9“53 (Published by The Amerlcaa Educational Theatre Association) 1953)9 Po 313o

. " 2 % r r 9 QOo cito c Po 283c, ' ' ; V • : 16 ■ Ib the smsmer of 1865V he rewrote Joseph Jeff@r« son*s. stage version of Rio Tan Winkle for the popular

comedian and followed this with The Parish Clerk in 18659 also for Jeffers one, In addition ? he wrote a play for

Wallaek’s Theatre in New York9 How She Loves Elm. December

129 l865o The Long Strike was produced in London^ Septem­

ber 9 1866 9 and followed by The Flying Scud and Hunted DowBc

November 9 18669 which presented the rising tragedian Henry

Irving to the London publico In 18679 he wrote A Wild

Goose Chase 0 in 1 8 6 8 9 Foul Play (with Charles ReadeK and

After Parka A Tale of London Life (which repeatedly threw 2*7 Boucieault into the law courts for plagiary) 9 in 1869q SeraPhineg orn A Devoteen Presumptive Evidence (later r e ^ _

named Formosag orn The Railroad to Ruin,

(with To Wo Robertson)o and Lost at Sea (with'H0 r

Jo Byron) 9 in 1870 Paul La Fargeo A Dark Nlghfgs Workc

The Ra’poareeg ori The Treaty of Limericks Jezebel g. or „ The iZ Dead Reckoning« and Elfie g or 0 '8 Boucieault had announced in Dublin that he ■

and Agnes were retiring from actingo However9 in November

I87I 9: he. r@turned;;to’ the.'stage In a. new play entitled ’ ■ . Kerryo QT n night and Morning0 with a role'in whlch— critics and actors asserted“-Bouelcault was at his best*

See 9 for example 9 Marvin.Felheim^ I5L (Cambridge)' Masso s •• Harvard University PPo 55“56o , In 1872 both Agnes and Dion were again appealing

.in the in ©Id sneoe s sea 9 and Boucieault wrote his own ver= ■;. • sidn pt- Colman8 s John Bull Q By the. fall of 1872%- he again

heeaffle aanagen of a theatre9 the Covent Garden? for the

winter seas on 5 and there: produced . his. spectacle Bablland :

Biiou^iosine some &3C$000 out of the investors11 poeketso

. : On .September 23 % 18729 the Boucieaults—«Dion now (1:.

fifty years ©Id and with more; than a dozen years of acting

. experience^^«=*«-w@re , hack ,in New York9 garnering rave re- : ■

views for their Booth's Theatre production of Arrah-na” . Bogue This was ' another sensational dramal of the.

.Speeies in, which Boueleault ran a spectacular range of / : ;: effects, including revolving towers9 horse races, fires, ^

avalanches,, floods, snowstorms, and sham locomotives0 It was these realistic effects that placed BoueieaultTe. name ,alongsld.eL#iatvef;lom'.Rohertspn as-a'.;forerunher:,o

face realism in stagingo^ Orr comments g

w Boueieault was: the dominant figure in theatrical circles- both in, America and in England §, his :■ .;■ ; inflmenee was.'.felt in all the1 phases of play®? . ; ■; writing and theatrical productiono He was dramatist, manager, and director, he was writer I; ,' l: f;-- Aand. lectmrer . on things dramatlco. He knew he had ; i / been ruling the theatrical world for the past ten dr eleven yearSo H© was so sure of himself that he. could boasts Mi am emperor ,0 o = and take what I think best fdr Art, whether it b e a story from A :

rr,; ^I)ion BouGicamlt,"' p» 3 3 2 ° \ .AA1- ^Jotihsoh, ^Dlon .Boueleaults ,AMan' and Fable," po 3 1 i.o: IS

a . foo©ka a play from the Preaeh^ an aetor from ' ^ . . a'rival eompamysW^z : ■■

', From New Torkj the Boueicaults went to- Bostong

Philadelphia^ Mashlngton, D Q Co 9 Baltlmore9. Chieago9 Sto *

Louis then east to Providence § by March 1873 9 they if ere

b a e k ;.lh';Ne.w York with a new Irish pXay9 Daddy O^Dowdn :

During that summer at Wallack$s9 Boueicault wrote and

'directed Mora s' or Q: The Golden Fetters^, and Mini s. .-’both.: ';. 1

were unsuccessful) and the Boueicaults returned to the

. m a v ;; , y /

, : On Deees^ber 229; 1 8 7 3 9 after a short illness^ Boueicault produced Man of Honor o Also In 1873 y he wrote and directed a long-running production of Led Astray, for’ Aor'Mo Palmer 's Union Square Theatre®' Shortly

after the ' successful opening Of Led Astray^-3,3 Boueicault -r

went to- Calif ornia ® ' 0rr disagrees with the Statement

:.mado jby^ayi^:::'B#la’aCo' In .hls autobiography■ as;:,to when he:,-"

met Boueicaulto Belascb maintains it was in 1873 ? Crr

pleads persuasiyely that . it : #aa in 187^ <> . ' At any rate9.

Belaseo and Boueicault did meet in Virginia City9 Nevada9

wher©“^because Bouei.eault# s hands were knotted with gout

Belaseo acted as- his, secretaryo: ’' This interlude, of

: 3 % r r 3 wDion Boueicault j'0 pp®; 3^2==b3o

^^Timesa December 89 1873 °

: 33^p r r :9;:' ^ » ;. p ® v:373 collaboration has provoked mueh speculation among his­

torians of American drama as to Boueieanlf!s influence

on Belaseoo^^

Early in the smmmer of 187^9 Boueieanlt returned

to,london for a short visit to supervise the production^

not sueeessful^^of Led Astray there0 He returned to the

' Hnited ’ States in the- fall to supervise his Hew York pro* duetions of Belle Lamar 0 (which did poorly)9 in December

at Boothes T h e a t r e and She Shaughraunr, which proved to

be his greatest Irish playAt Boothes Theatre9 the

unsuccessful Civil Mar. nlav^ Belle Lamar» was followed by

Venice Preserved« a revision by Boueicauit of Thomas OtwayIs Restoration tragedyo^® But The Shaughraun over«

shadowed his other plays9 running from November 187^ un­

til March 18759 when it was taken on toury first to Boston

for a four week.engagement^ then to Philadelphia9 and

eventually as far west as California0 Boueicauit was

again in Hew York in. August9 when he sailed for London9 ,

barelyescaping another lawsuit for plagiarism as he pre« 39 pared to embarko .

. 3%ee 9 for example 9 William Winter / The Life of David Belasco (Hew Yorks Moffat9 Yard & Company% l#l8 )g T T W « 5 7 6 ; ; ' V / : • y ■ : . ■ ' • . 3^Arthur Hobson Quinn9 A History of the American Drama from the Civil War to the Present'DaviHew Yorks F Q Crofts & Company9 19^3) 9 po t T . ' . ' ■ ^^Qdellc'- Annals of the Hew York Stage 0 IX9 522o . 3^Timeso August 30$, 187^° ^%imesn August 1 2 n 1875° . ' ■ . ' ' 20 ■ >/ ; In London 9. : he produced The Shaugto-auKu with

Agnes doing the lead on twenty-four hours-5 notice 0 Dion and Agnes had been living apart for a considerable

period 0 “They had quarreled/ ' 9 a ee or ding to 0rr9 “over

Boueicault1s relations with Katharine Rogers, a young ae=

whovhad been appearing in many of his pieces, and

' ' ’ k„i Agnes returned to England

Bomoieanlt returned to America by Mareh 1876 for .

' engagements in' Pittsbufgh^ Philadelphia, Boston, and Hew York, where a new comedya Forbidden Fruit* was staged

at Ifallaek^Sg-. October9 1876o ^ In 1887, in'San Franciscos

Boueicault brought out a new play, Phrvne 0 It was at this timeo in the Bay City, that Boueicault first met the ae» .

Louise Thorndyke, whom he later married 0

By the end of 1 8 ? 7 9 the long successful runs of

The Shaughraun Were drawing to a close, and Boueicault8s ' power as the prominent figure of the American stage had

begun to diminisho As his fame waned, he became more and

more avid in money matters, as evidenced by his quarrels

with Stephen.Fisk© over the amounts to be spent for advert

tisingo^ He also became more underhanded in his business

. ' ^%alsh. The Career of Dion BbueicaultQ p0 l^Oo Vl ■ • , Orr, “Dion Boueicault, 18 p0 419= ■ • IlO ■ ■ ■ • , . i, Time So October b-, 18760 ' -

^ Timeso January 22, 1 8 7 8c vY; : ■ '\-Y affairs 9 as sbown fey his callous dealing with A 0 M 0 ::^almer. :;rOgariling the iDiav 1 Celebrated Case. aad bv :

his attempt to: lure leading man Charles Thorne9 Jro ; ■ ' ' ■ v y. ... ■ ^ V/: %: ; away from manager Palmero ,

1 ■ : Boneieault next.wrote Bead Secret (Daly^s ^

Fif th i^eime, Ti^ York9 January 259 1 8 7 8) | Clar is sa Ha rlowe (£f r om Richar ds on8 s nove lj Wa 1 1 a c k fi. s 9 ■ ;

Me* T o r 1 0 g 1 8 7 8 ) § followed fey Spellbound ' ( Cactually a new version of Pauline Q from, the Dumas

/' v novel! Mallaek’sy .Sew York9 '■leferuary ‘ 1879o) ; But hone

■' achieved';.:geuuihe success 9 nor profited its authoro So it was that during these declining years ,

- Boneieault intermittently toured with his old h i t s ^ : ■ : ... ': . fhe' ShangfaKatm Colleen Bawn n and ArTah-na-Pogue— giving • 1

theatre audiences a chance to compare his characteriza—

':ti.oh.s '/in' ^yarions'' r ole s ^ B e ginning with Colleen Bawn« ..

he had long since established a fine reputation for his

. Irish characterizations o (Agnes Robertson's farewell

appearance on the stage9 meanwhile9 occurred in the

spring of 1879 s after which she returned to London with®

out Dion5, because of their chronic domestic problems!)

' ' , Boneieault toured Boston, Washington, .

- California, and in 1879 f or the last time tried his: hand

- December 31, 1877. ' ■ ■ ; ■ ■ . 2 2

at Banagimg by leasing Booth's Theatre, Hew York,

opening with a new play9 Eegegedo He also acted at

Booth6 s in his -version of Louis XI (October 1 0 , 1879), a complete fiaseo which brought him close to bankruptcy

' V ' againo < -1 (His 'Son., Dion, Jr *, was the only: one to make a favorable impression on the erltios^-for his acting

in,Louis X I o ) ^ In that same month9 October 1879«. Boucicault-wrote for .Wa11aek?s a new (but, again, un= successful) comedy, Contempt of Courts and in 1880, at

Wallack's ©ace more., ’ he acted in a series of revivals of his earlier plays, just prior to returning to England» At the brink of this departure, Agnes made her

first attempt to secure a divorce ©n the grounds of

adultery* She claimed in the proceedings that she had

been wed to Boucieault in Hew York, rather than In England, as was previously supposed * Katharine Rogers (Mrs* Davis) was named as the woman in the ease (she and Dion had an

illegitimate child)§ and Agnes avowed she had not lived with Dion for the past five years* The ease dragged on

'until 1 8 8 8 ,^ :

Returning to England, Boucicault toured in The

was not successful, prompting his return to the United

October 1 0 , 1879*

^Times, October 12, l8?9o

"Dion Boucicault, 18 ‘ p.® 501 c States by March 1 8 8 1 ? for a Boston engagement in Sull^a ‘J. O Mgr0 He then returned to lew York briefly in The

Shaughrauno In London9 meantime9 during the winter sea*=

son of l88 l9 Dust and Mimi were both produced| and both

failed0 - Drink likewise failed in Hew York9 January 1 8 8 2 0 In 1882) he made an exhaustive and successful tour of the

Hew England’states9 then returned to lew York and Phila­

delphia ; and in the spring9 he left for Ireland and

England 9 where he cbntinmed touring’ until December 1 8 8 2 0

By January 1 8 8 3 5 he was back in Boston«-acting in his old

favorite roles9 and opening in a new play9 The Amadano He again toured the lew England states before returning

to lew York) March 269 1 8 8 3 9 for the opening of a new

comedyc, Vice Versa,,

He played in Chicago in November l883| returned

to lew York by March 188%; toured Philadelphia; went

back to lew York in late April) 188%9 for a public lee®*

ture on the.art of acting at the Madison Square Theatre<,

In Chicago he brought out. the. historical drama9 Robert

Emmet (November 188%) n- which failed o

In the spring he was in San Francisco5, opening

a new play9 The Jilt (May 183 188Jl9 supposedly written

% 8 orr9 i’Dion Boucicault.9M pp0 5 H “5 l 6 9 reveals a discrepancy as to the actual opening date of this produce tion— either - Mar ch 1881 or February 1882i on the train trip outo^^ Louise Thorndyke played the lead ': and two of Dion8 s children 9 lima and Dion 9 Jr»f. also were in the east® " ■ -

After this _productlong-Bouelcault left for

Australia with a touring company, and in Sydney he mar=

ried Louise fhorndykeo This marriage brought great

public censure on Boueicault9 since there had been no

legal separation from Agnes Robertsons Agnes and Dion

had been thought of as man and wife for years, and had

six chlldreBo Agnes now brought suit in lew York and London in an effort to remove the stigma of illegiti­ macy from her children

Louise and Dien returned from Australia, touring with The Jilt in :"Boston« lew York, Philadelphias Chicago

and in Canadao. On February 3, 1 8 8 ?, Boueieault pro­ duced: in Boston a new version of Belle Lamar n entitled Fin tee Coolo He took it and Kerry on a short tour of

Washington, ’ Doi'Co and lew: York, then, headed westo . A f t e r ... an unsuccessful western tour with The Shaughraun0 however he returned to.Bostoh with a new play, Cushla Ma Chree0 a dramatization of the novel Guv Mannerine (Hollis Street

Theatre, February 2 0 , 1 8 8 8 )s

^Apparently this supposition is incorrect0 See handlist which gives am earlier original production of The Jilt in Londono • V - - : 5^0rr, "Dion Boueieault," pQ 553° Xb 18889 Agnes finally received a divorce from

Di o n in Londono This divorce announcement revealed that ' / \ \ ■ •. ■ ■ ' :■ V ■ 5 1 , / Agnes Mas only a - eomEoh>=-la¥ wife 0 By this time 9. Boneicanlt was in his late sixties and, after years of fame and fortune 5, now a failure— ”penniless and laughed : 5 2 . ■ at by many of his contemporariesoM

In June 18885 , he eeked out a living as an instruc­ tor in a practical school of acting at the Madison Square

Theatre 9 Hew Tork9 under the auspices of A 0 M 0 Palmer0

In his teaching9 Boucicault emphasized technique and naturalness in actingo To meet his debts? he began selling the rights to his plays s Dion Beueieault will on January 3 next sell at auction9- in the Madison Square Theatre9 ■ ■ the acting copyrights of the following plays9 of which he is the authors The ShaughrauBc, Formosa, Hunted Down, Led CAi:stray, LAf tdr- 'Dark, Jearile Deans, Lost at Seao The Colleen Bawm, Arrah-na-Poguel. Forbidden Fruit, .Flying Scud, Jessie Brown, Foul PlaVnJSlfie i , 0 All the plays are in manuscripto

In London the sheriff ordered a sale of the Mcopyright of hineteen celebrated plays by Dion Boucicault,In

August,9 1 8 9 0 9 a new Boucicault script5, Lend Me Tour Wife, was■presented in BostoMo His last play- during his life= time9 The Poor Relation (later renamed The Tale of a Coat)

^Tlmes, June 2 2 9 1888@

^Orr 9 "Dion Boucicault 9 11 pp0 571=72o ^The Theatre 9 IV (December 15? 1 8 8 8 )5, 508» ^ Ibid., no 577 = 'was prodiaced in Philadelphia^ arid '.the crities gave it a . . ■■ ■:' ■ • " : . ' ' ■55'' ■■ '' ' . - kiridly .review for. old times' sakeo ■

Boucicault was working on a dramatization of Bret

Harte11 s The Luck of Roaring Camp (left unfinished and

later Brodnoed in 1892) when he died in Hew Yorka

.Sephemher: ;.vV- V - : ■

^ T ime s.'s • • Sep t emhe r 19 > 1890 A S EL EOT E D E IB LI 0 G R A PHY INTRODUCTION

Dion Boueieault has been cpe&Ite&»<-hy himself and others^with having been the originator of the box

set, the 'sensational m@lodrama9 plays with contemporary

themes and settings 9 the realistic movement in the v.theatre; author-manager profit-sharing' contracts, the

matinee9 touring .companies, later curtain time, fewer

play offerings for an evening“s entertainment, the U 0 So y Copyright Bill of 18$6, the modern directorial system, a

number of star performers9 numerous changes and improve^ mentsin the physical make-up of theatres, and fire-

proofing for scenery and costumes0 How much credit is really due Boueieault? Certainly his interest and work

in all facets (acting, writing, directing, managing,

producing) of the theatre were extensive0 While his

breadth is obvious, what was his depth? The actual image and worth of Boueieault are unresolved«

It is the purpose of the selected bibliography to lead students to a further study of Boueieault, his

plays, and his influence on the British and American

theatreo Men like Boueieault who in reality lived in two worlds (Europe, the old, and America, the new) have

been neglected by scholars on both sides until recentlyo , . ■ ; v , ' 29 E w n literary seholars have neglected to evaluate playwrights of the mid^mineteeBth eentury erag ap­

parently feeling that these works were just for popu»

lar consumption a M lacked literary merit in that, transi­

tory period of development of the American'stage0

A student attempting a quick check on the classi­ fication and worth of Dion BoucieauXt would consult re­ cent publications on American literature? such as

Robert Spillerd Willard Thorp? Thomas Ho Johnson9

and Henry B0 Canbr^s Literary History of the United

StateSo finding only brief notations| or Jacob Blanck"s work (in progress)aBibliograohv of American Literature^

offering nothing on Bomcleault| or William P 0 Trent9 John

Erskine9 Stuart Po Sherman9 and Carl Van Boren's The

Cambridge History of American Literaturen giving Bouei-

eault several brief notations9 primarily in lists 5 ; or Jo Do Hart's The Oxford Companion to American Liter-

atur@9 making a brief summary reference to Boueieault|

or Blanch Mo Baker's Dramatic Bibliographya containing one brief mention of Boueieault1s papers on actingo lone of these five major reference works attempts',any

evaluation of Boueieault1s playso For more extensive

informations a student of drama would immediately turn yf to The Dramatic IndexQ nubllshed from 1909 to 19^9Q

variously edited by Frederick Wintrop Faxon9 Mary E*

Bates5 and Anne C 0 Sutherlands.and compiled with the eooperatioE of- twenty-four librarians o This index

?contains thirty®three entries on Boueieault9 including twelve entries.of texts of his plays (separate editions

and anthologies) 5 five portraits of the aan9 one entry

on his school of acting9 one entry regarding Walsh's

book on Boueieanlt 9 one entry dealing with royalty pay®

ments for playwrights9 and thirteen reviews of revivals (four dealing with After Dark, four on The Streets of Mew Yorkn and five on The Streets of London)o An

analysis of these entries does not provide the student

with a comprehensive picture of Boueieault or his works»

; Lewis Leary11 s Articles on American literature

Appearing in Current PeriodicalsQ 1920-19^5\ does have

a main entry on Boueieaulto James Leslie Woodress1

Dissertations in American LiteratureQ 1891°19550 shows

the beginning of the interest that is being aroused on this neglected period of American dramas with entries

of five dissertations on Boueieaults Jesse May Anderson8

“Dion Boueieault8. Man of the Theatre9M' Harold Pollard8s

"The Plays of Dion Boueieault5 81 Lynn Earl Orr8 s "Dion

Boueieault and the lineteenth Century Theatreand

Julius Ao Tolson’s "Dion Boueieaulto88 In John Ho Ottemiller8s Index to Plavs in Collections we begin to

get a better prospective of Boueieault as a literary

figurec, Ottemiller lists major works such as America8s ; .. . : - :;v. .. ■; ; , Lost Plays®-whose entire first volume is devoted to Boue&e&mltls works “—Arthur Hobson Quinn"s Representative

American PlavsQ Montrose J0 Moses? British Dramas.

Vletbriam and Modernc, Gerald Eades.Bentley's The Develop­ ment of British DramaQ Brander Matthews and Paul Robert

Lelder5 s The Chief British Dramatists n Excluding Shakes-■

•peareo and Bennett Cerf 's S 0 Ro 0og the Most Successful

HistoryHistory of the American Theatre P and others all of which contain at least one mid-nineteenth century play which these authors feel has lasting importance0 ■

The l8 ^9=60 theatre season has been called the MBouei= eault Season1™9 because out of the six major bits in New York that year9:'five were by Boucicaulto As late as

18969 George Bernard Shaw9 reviewing Boueicault1s The

Colleen Bawna considered the play far superior to the / average modern melodramao The fact that Boueicault dealt primarily with melodrama and sensational scenes has apparently led many literary scholars to neglect a careful evaluation of Boueicault9 s works= An except tion is Nicholas VardaCg who considers Boueicault the forerunner of the modern American movie o , The bibliographical sources; were compiled from various studies of Boueicault9 beginning with Quinnrs

A History of the American Drama from the Beginning.to the

Civil War| Various encyclopedias9 such as the Enclelonedia The Drama tic Index Q published from 1909 to 19^-9? abstracts 9

master1s theses9 Ph0 D 0 dissertations (Orr $s dissertation

was a major source)| general theatre histories9 such as Mayorga8s and Hughes5; and works by and about people

with whom Boueieault came in contact9 such as Clara

Morris9 Ao M 0 Palmer9 Joseph Jefferson9 Augustin Daly9

the Bancrofts9 Charles Mathews9 Madame Vestris 9'David

Belaseo9 William Winter9 and others=

Perhaps the Phoenix Theatre's proposed New York production of Boueieault1s The Octoroon for the 1960=61

season will not only help open the door to Boueieault9 '

but also to his era9 and Cause scholars and students to

're-evaluate this transitory period of development of

the American playo Printed Bookss

*Adams $ Wo Davenporto A Dictionary of the Draman Philadelphia j 190^0

*Anderson9 James Ro An Actor8s Lifen (Reprinted from The Newcastle Chronicle o) London9 1902»

*Andepson9 Jesse May0 "Dion Boueieaultg Man of the : ■ Theatre0n University of Chieago Ph0 D c Dls» .A ■ sertafcion9 1926 0 ' ' ■

Anders on 9 John <>: The American Theatre n New York 9 • 19389 pp-o : Amderson« Marv«' A Few Memories, lew York. 1096- \ ; V ;pp> ' 97^9%' ; , ' ' ■; . ^Archer9 Williamo English Dramatists of TodaVn London 9 1 8 8 2 7^

■ Masks or Faces? London9 18#8 9 ppo 1009 1087123; l$%o ■

The Old Drama and the Newo Boston9 19239 ppo 2 ^ 7 257o

Ange9 .Paul,. ed0 Laromsse. de XX® Sleele6 Paris, 1928, .. • 1 , 7 9 7, ' ■ ; ; ■ : *Ayers9 Alfred (pseud, Thomas E, Osmum), Acting and Actorso Eloeution and lloeutionists, lew York . ; 19030 . .

Baker9 Blaneh M 0 Theatre and Allied Arts, New York9 1952 9 Po 230 9 37N-0 ' ~

Baker9 Ho Barton, , A History of the London Stage and ■ ■ Its Famous Players, 1576-190!, Load on 7^ 9 % 9 pp0 937l337^33J^^^^^

Bancroft9 Marie9 and Squire<, The Bancrofts, New York$ 19099 ppo 32s 899 I8 I 9 19I9 I94- 9 6 9 3 8 9.•

^Inaccessible

33 ______actions of Sixty Years, ■New York, 1909, PP» 329 37, 89, 117, 1609 18?9 — 195-97, 385o

Barnhart9 Clarence Lc, edo The New Century Cyclopedia ' of lameso New York, 195?7 1, 597©

Barrett, Laurence0 Charlotte Cushman^ A York, 18#, pT #-3 o ^

* Edwin Booth (American Actor Series), New York, 1882© •

*Barnes 9.J© H0 London, n« d© Bates, Alfred9 ed © 'New York, 1903, XVI, 28© Bateson, Fo- W© , ed© The Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature© lew York© 19^1© IlI%4-27© m-5 6 , 6 0 0 , 6 0 5 o. *Boncleamlt, Dion© The Art of Acting (Papers on Acting, ^. I, Fifth SerlesTT’^New^York, 1926©.

Brady, William© Showman© lew York© 1937© no© 31, 61©

*Brereton, Austin© The Life of Henrv Irving© 2 vols© London, I9 0 8© Bridgwater, William, and Elizabeth J© Sherwood, eds© ■- ■ The. Columbia Encyclopedia © 2nd edit ion © lew . '. York, 1950, p© 233o f. ^Brougham, John© Life© Stories© and Poems of Jol Brougham© ed© William~Winter© Boston, 1881©

Brown, T© Allston© History of the American Stage, New York© York Stag® From the First Performance in 1732 to 1901© 3 'volSo' New York, 1 9 0 3, II, 319°, H I , 275o Burroughs, Marie© The'Marie Burroughs Art Portfolio of Stage Celebrities© Chicago© 1894' (not paginated)© . . : : 35 The Cambridge History of English Llfcei-atnra. Hew York. 1933, XIII,. 293, 295ff , 296 , 298 , 570 , 575$ XIV* v ' 6 2 5o ■ ' • Carson9 William Go B 0 Managers in Distress,. The St. Louis Stags, Sto Lonis: nn. 17. :92 9 19^7 1 9 6 ; 22^7 2289 2739 29^« ■ '

Theatre 0: lo . Chicago, 9 p0 36lc

Clapp9 John Bouve9 and Edwin Francis Edgett, eds0 ” to Series 2 9 Extra Tol 1 , Dunlap Society Publication9 Mew York9 19029 PPo .1^ -159 17:9 too 66^689 14.7^ 9$ 160-62, 1 9 ^ 9 7 9 2 2 8 -2 9 9 2^7^9 9 291 o '

Clapp9 Henry Austino ______Critic* Boston, 19029 Po 6 3 ,

. Clark9 Barrett Ho 9 ©do ’ America's Lost Playso 20 volso Prlmceton, 1940-U-l9 1 9 preface 9 3W 0 ■ Favorite American Plays of v. , :, the Nineteenth CenturVo Princetono lWTr"no 129®

of Todayo Mew York, 19159 p® 219o

Clark9 Susie Ghampney0 John McCullough as Man,, Actor and Spirito Boston9 .19059 PP»; 529. 95^96®

^Clement9 Clara E 0 Charlotte Cushman (American Actor Series)o Mew York9 l@82o

..Cloak9 Theodore o See Allardyce Mieolio '

Goad9 Oral Sumner9 and Edwin Mims s ■Jr 0 The American Stage (The Pageant of America)o Mew Haven9 19299 XIV9 2 0 1 9 2069 2079 2 1 5 ) 2269 3 3 3 o

^Goleg Toby9 and Helen Krich_Chinoy9 eds0 Actors on Acting® Mew York; Directing the Plav« Indianapolisc, 19539 PP° 38=39®

*Coleman9 John® Fifty Years of an Actor8s Life0 ' London,

Memoirs of Ss Philadelphia 9, Players and Playwrights I Have Known„ London 9 1888^ pp „ 91+ 9 2 W 7 269 9 284 *Oookq Dutton0 A Book of the Play. 2 vols» London9 I8760

Nights at the Fl a w London9 1 8 8 3 9 pp0 133, 25^2919 3369 338,

Crawford9 Mary Caroline=■ The Romance of the American .. Theatreo Boston$ 1925, pp° 329-330, ^57^5% m^2“63 , h-69, h'85^0 Creahanj Johrio The Life of Laura Keeneo Actressn Artistn Managera and Scholar0 Together with Some Interesting Reminiseenees of Her Daaghterso Philadelphia 9 18979 PPo ^C^PT^^^TTW-llO, 1 ^ 1 5 8 0

Crouch9 Jack Herbert0 - ’“Dion Boueieault in the American Theatre 0M Cornell University M 0 A 0 Thesis 9 19^+1 = .

Cunningham? John E 0 Theatre Roya1o Oxford? 19509 pe 158

Daly? Joseph Franciso Life of Augustin PalyQ New York? 1917, p0 7k-o

Davis? Lo Clarke0 See Montrose Moseso Dlmmick? Buth Crosby= Qur Theatres Today and Yester­ day. New York? 1913, PP« 33, 75*

*Disher? Maurice Wilsono Blood and Thundero London0 1949 Melodramas Plots That Thrilled» New York? 195^? pp"%HPl2? 32? 8^« . , 1 . Drew? John. My Years on the Stage. New York? 1922? pp. ^7 ? 8 6 ? 182. ^Duggan? G. G . The. Stage Irishman. London? 1937»

*Duggar? Mary Morgan. "The Theatre in Mobile? 1822*=*1860." University of Alabama M. A. Thesis 1941? pp. 1 9 9”2 0 0 .

^Durang? Charles. History of the Philadelphia Stage. Betwee n t h e " % a r s l % # a w T l o ^ .^ c r aobook in University of Pennsylvania ? arranged and illustrated by Thomas Westcott? 1868? VI? 371? 407? > 1 0 » .■■■ ■ ■■ . - v/;:: ; ; 37 ■laton3 Walter Prlehardo The American Stage of Today. Boston9 1908§ pp0 2 2 5 ”2 6 9 282 =8 3 *

wDlon BouGloahltQM Dictionary of American Biography, eds* Allen Johnson and • Dumas Maloneo. Hew York9 1926=369 II 9 > 75=760

Plays and Plaversg leaves from a Critic8s Scrapbook* Cincinnati9 1 9 1 6 9 p 0 97<

Encyclopedia Amerleana * lev York* 19^9« 1V9 3220

Bytinge 9 Bose * The Memories of Rose Bytinge* New York, 19059 PPo 289 569 1039 217-219 22?-29o

Faxon9 Frederick Wintropc edo The Dramatic Index (1909-19^9).= Bostons 1910=1950 *

*Feasy9 Lynett@0. On the Boards of the Old Drury* Toronto9 1951° . ' Felheim9 Marvin L0 The Theater of Augustin Camhridges Massachusetts9 19567^np° 2H-* 29? ^+=569 83s 189-909 2 9 6 0;

. Filon0 Amgmstino The English Stage* lew York* 1 8 6 8 *' ppo 88=9 2° — ^

Firkins 9 Ina Ten Eyekg comp* Index to Plays * 1800=1926* lew York9 19279 pp* 1 8 =1 9*

Fitzgerald9 Perry* Principles of Comedy and Dramatic ■ Effect* Londons I87O 9 pp* 18ff9 21=27° Follahd*. Harold* See James Woodress*

^Foust9 Co E* Life and Dramatic Works of Robert ■ ’ Montgomery Bird* lew Yorks 1919° Freedley s Georges and- lobn A* Reeves * A History of the Theatre* Rev* edn* lew Yorks 19589 pp* 319-257

Frohman* Daniel* Encore * Hew Yorks 1937% PP° 97-1059

' Memories of a Manager* lew York9 19119 PPo■ 8 7 -9 6 T 93T l 3^-3 5 ° Daniel Frohman Presentsg An Auto= biography * ~Ne^Yor k 9 193 5 9 PP° 28=299 *+3 9 83 9 .'■:127s W7,'. ' ; ; \ v-. . . : ' 38 . ■ *Fyles9 Franklino The Theatre and Its People0 New York9 19006

Gageyj EdmonS M 0 The San Francisco StageQ " New Yorks 1 9 5 0 S P o. Mfo

GoodwinQ Nat C 0 Nat Goodwin8s Booko Boston* 1914* PP° 569 57o *Graham9 Frank T* "Elstrionlo Montrealo" The Fraser Institute^ Mo S Z ie_0 Paris < -19029 VII9 569 <

*Grantg Elliot M 0 * edo Chief'French Plays of the > New York and London9 1^93^<

Gran9 Bobertc of Mnsic and the Dramao New Yorkg 1909? pp« 7 6 9 780

Gray9 Boberto “Dion Boucieault and His Contributions to American Drama0 n r University of Washington Mo So Thesis; I9380:- '

Halton* Josepho Reminiscences of J0 lo Tooleo London, 9 1 9 - 1 9 M Harney; Paul, edo The Oxford Companion to English •* Literatureo Oxford9 1938 awith corrections) 9 P' ^Harrington; John (pseudo John Carboy) 0 the New York Stage o’ 2 volso Harvard Theatre Collection Scrapbookso

Hart; James.Do 9 edo The Oxford .Companion to American Li ter a tur.e o New Yor k8 .1956 9 ppo 84-85©

Hartholl9 Phylliso “Dion Boucieault9" ______Borne 9 19549 19 902-05o ' edo . The Oxford Companion; to the o , Lond on * T953lpr"^9i ^^^^^ '^^

Hastings 9 :Charles 0 The Theatre0 London9 I90I 9 p0 338,

Hewitt; Barnardo ' Theatre tjQ S 0 A 0 New York; 1959; PP< 183-8?; 202; 219 o ; : ■ ; v Hibbert; Ho C 0 A'Plavgoer4^' Memories0 London; 19209 pp-o 3 6 9 £ 1 7 7 1 2 4 9 ■ 2 7 0 - 2 7 1 o HoXIimgsJaead9 John6 Gaiety Chronicles0 London9 1893„ ppo 229.75? 103o

Hoole9 ¥o Stanley* The Ante-Bellum Charleston Theatre* Tuscaloosa % Alabama? 19Lf6 9 ppo™=56-579 14-23^3% ' 155“56o ■ . , ; . . ■: ■

^Hopkins? A* A* Magics Stage Illusions and Scientific Diversions * Including Trick Photography* New York? 1897? pp* 299? 301* Hornblow? Arthur * A History of the Theatre in America * Philadelphia? 1919? II? 112? 193? 195T2%-05. Horton? Judge * Driftwood of the Stage* Detroit? 190k-@ : P° 135° . ; “ : ; *Howe? Jo Bo The Cosmopolitan Actor * London? 1888*

Howe? John W* So? ed* The Modern Standard Drama* . New York? n 0 do?.iTII? iii-v0 Hudson? Lyntono The English Stage o 1850=1950o London? 1951? PPo 38-39. Hughes ? Glenn. A History of American Theatre (1700-19503 * . ' New York? 1951? ppJ 1^ 0 ? 157? 1 7 9y 18 1 -8 2 ? i H TT 1 9 0? 2 0 6 -0 8 ? 212? 21^? 229-30? 2*4-0? 2^3 -^ ? 2^9 282-83? 293o The Story of the Theatre* New York? 1929? p. Hutton? Laurenceo Curiosities of the American Stage* New York? 1891? p. 6 *

* Plays and Players* .lew York? 1875? ' pp* 1 9 6? 2 0 1 ? 20*4=05J™'^ • Talks in a Library* New York? 1905? p. 193o * ? Ho Co Benner? E* A* Dithmar? J* B* Mathews? and W* Winer * A.Portfolio of Players*

Hyde? Stuart Wallace * "Dion Boucicault?" The Encyclo­ paedia Britannica * Chicago? I960? Ill? 957.

Ireland? Joseph N* Records of the New York _Stag®* New York? 1867? II? 367? 375? 377o James g Henryo The Scenic.. Artn ed« Allan ¥adee ■ Hew Brunswiekj Hew Jerseyj l^Bj ppo 2 0 9

Jefferson9 Josepho Autobiography of Joseph Jefferson0 Hew York9 IS9O 9 pp» 15$ 1579 2089 302-089 321=

* ' letters of an Unsuccessful Actor- Boston $ 1923.o , . "

Keese9 William Lc William E 0 Burton« Dunlap Society Publicationj Series' lo Hew Yorkj I8 9I9 XIV9 pc 90o Kendall* John So The Golden Age of the Hew Orleans Theatre o Baton Rouge 9 19529 pp* 3079 32B T 3 5 2 . :5 ■3599 360-629 3839 ^72o

^Kenney9 Charles Lambo The Life and Career of Dion Boucicaulto Hew Yorkj n 0 do

*Ker9 Minnette Augusta» “The History of the Theatre in .California in the Nineteenth Century=M University , of California-M0 A 0 Thesis9 19229 pc 110o

*Ketciiumg Barbara o “Actors in the Charlestown Theatre 9 1 8 3 7-186 X0“ University of Texas M 0 A e Thesis9 .19^29 ppo 869 879 ll8-119o . '

Knight9 Josepho : “Dion Boucieault;" Dietionary of National Biography* sunnlement* eds* Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee* London, 19019 XXII9 237*

• Theatrical Notes° London, 18939 PP° 56-59o ' Lawrence9' W* JQ The Life of Gustavus Vaughan Brooke* Tragedian* Belfast* 1892« ppo 121-22, 200,

Leavitt9 Mo Bo Fifty Years in Theatrical Management* ■ Hew York9°^9 1 2r P p 7 7 7 9 9 0, 2W 9 250, h-W*

^Leverton, Garrett Ho Plays.for College Theatre0 Hew York, 1932o * ■ The Production of Later Hineteenth Century American Drama * New York, 1936o > 1 Logan5 Oliveo Before the Footlights and Behind the Sceneso Philadelphian IB^Oj Po 9 2 «

^Lowell, George6 The Victorian Theatres A SurveVn London, ■

*.Lo¥r ie 9 James Allis on 0 "A History of the Pittsburg \ Stageo” University of Pittsburgh Pho D 0 Dis= sertation9 19^39 PP° 1 2 9 9 1 3 4 0

*Ludlow9 Hoah Miller. Dramatic Life as I Found It, Sto Louis«

MaoKaye9 Percyo Enochs The Li:______. . ^ lew York9 19278 i9•2579 261-63; II9 213,"233-3^,

MacMinn, George H 0 The Theatre of the Golden Era in Californiao Cadwell9 Idaho, ppo lH-O, 143, 194, 197-98. ’ ’

^McCarthy, Justin0 Irish London, 1 9 1 2< McKay, Frederic Edward, and Charles Wingatec Famous . American Actors of Todav0 Hew York, 1896,

Margaret (pseudo)Q Theatrical Sketches0 Here and There Pr QminentAc tor s * Hew Y o r k T n ^ W T n « Marshall, Thomas Fo __ the Philadelphia Theatre. 1878 to:~i890l Philadelphia, 191+1 ^ p o 1096

Matthews, Brander0 A Book about the Theatre« ■ Hew York, . : 1 9 1 6, po lON-o Plavmaklng and Other Studies lew York, 1923, pp0 65, 2 87-8 8 o

' ’ A Study of the Dramao Cambridge, Massachusetts, 1910o • , edo Papers on Actingo "The Art of Acting," And "Coquelin-Irving," (reprinted from Horth American Review0 August 18873, PPo 149^160, 183-8 7 , 2 7 9-8O 0 i

See also Montrose Moseso '9 and .Lamremee HtittonQ eds o Actors and Actresses of Great Britain and the United Stateso Hew York9 18869 II„ 2 0 1 - 0 2 9 277g 2805 282 I I I , 26, 77- 9\ , 102, .119, 13^ j - 157- 59, :& 7-70 I¥ 92 2 1 -2 2 9 27^o Edwin • Booth and His OomtemDoraries» ‘‘Mr» and Mrs0 Dion BoucicanltsM hy Benjamin Ellis Martiho Boston9 I8869 pp0 77-95$ 169= Maude9. Cyrilo The Haymarket Theatre^ London9 19039 P O 1 3 1 * Mayorga$ Margaret G c A Short History of the American Drama. Hew York9 19329. pp0 9+-55? 1389 151$ 1 ^ F 5 8 9 2179 28^9 350o

'Lexikono Vienna9 1895s I H 9 3 3 2 o

*Minter9 Larabelleo 11 An Analysis of William Winter 's . Dramatic Opinion Published in the Hew York Tribune from 1900-1909® M University of Washing­ ton Mo Ao Thesis 9 1937o

Modjeska 9 Helena o Memories and Impressions of Helena Mod.ieskao' HewHorkg I9IO9 ppo 3^9“ 529 SSH-o

Molloy9. Roberto "Dien Boueieault 911 British Authors of the nineteenth Centurya edo Stanley J0 KunitZo - Hew York9 1936.9 p0 6 6 0 ...

Morley9 Henry0 Journal of a London Playgoero London; 1 8 9 1 9 PPo 56-57= Morris 9 Clara o Life on the Stage o Hew York;. 1901, PPo 132-339 The Life of a Star* Hew York; 1906g PP ° 352-63o •

Morris9 Lloydc Curtain Time 2 The Story of the American . Theatre. Hew York; 19539 1 1 2 9 137=399 1 85 -9 3 9 2059 212-139 258= Moses; Montrose. Jo The American Dramatlsto Boston, ' - 19259 PP® 57$ 769 HI 9 2 1 2 o , Famous Actor Hew York, 1906, pp o 113^0 ®

ed< Vietorlan and Modern« Boston« 1 9I89 pp0 xii, 861« Representative■Plays by American Dramatistso lew Tork9 1925? 111$, 7® 9 and «T©hn Mason Brown9 eds® American Theatre is Seen bv its Cri-ties« 11 Joseph Jefferson’s Rip Winkle Q18 bv L® Clarke Davis§ from The ' Atlantic Monthly (June .1867) $ and °Bre t Sarte and Mr® Howells as Dramatists3" by Brander Matthews® from The Library Tabli (lew Yorks September 1 3 9 18' lew York. 193^5 PPo 75-?So

The lational Cyclopaedia of lew York, 1899, II, 375-76, The lew 2nd edo lew York. Ill, 595-96o lewton, H Chanceo Crime and the Dramaa or Dark Deeds Dramatized® London, 1927, pp® 25, 29, 23 3 - 243, 2^7,276. lieoil, Allardyee c lew York, 1925s ppo. 331-33°

Century Drama a 1800-=1850o London, 193®, I, W r ^ % 53, 1 3 2 , 1 8 8 =9 0, 2 1 5 ; II, 259-60° A History of Late llneteenth . Century Drama ® 1850=1900= Cambridge, England, 1946, I, 5, 26, 3 2 , 42, 44=46, 6 8 =6 9, 80, 84=94, 97, 104, 109, 120=22, 160=61, 194, 213; II, 2 6 7 °

• World, Drama 0 Lend bn ■ PP< 486, 493° and Theodore Cloak® eds® Forbid- den Fruit and Other Plays (America8 s Lost Plays, gen® ed® Barrett H® Clark) 20 vols® Princeton, I,, vii-viii, 3=4,'51-53, 109-11,'1 5 3 -5 4 , 2 3 0 , 263-64<

Odell, George C® D® Annals of the Hew York Stage® Hew York, 1927-49, VI, 446=47, 531, 564, 577; VII, 238, 241, 2 6 3 , 393, 498-99, 501=02; IX, 427, 552; X, 189, 326, 344, 362, 372, 392, 572-74, 611, 728; XI, 4, 23, 56, 171, 272; XII, 222, 2 5 7 , 261, 359, 465, 471; XIII, 233, 244, 557; XIV, 8=9, 99, 496® Orr9 Lynn Earlo "Dion Bouoieault and the Nineteenth Century Theatres 1 Biographyo” Louisiana State University Pho Do Dissertation, 1952o .. *Owns, Mrso John Eo Memories of John E n Owens„ Bal~ timore, 1892, pp.o 769 789 79 0 Parker, John, edo ¥ho8s Who in the Theatreo iCth edc ■ lew. York, 19l+79 - po 1509° ^ ^ .. ;. ;

*Pasooe9 Co Eo The Dramatic List* Boston, 1879©

Pearce o Charles E 0 Madame Vestris and Her Time si» . lew'York, no do, ppo 263=6?T ~ : .

Pemberton, To Edgaro Charles Dickens and the Stages A Record of His Connections with the Drama as Playwrightc Actor Q and Critic<, London0 18889

The Kendalls. a Biography® London, 19005 pp® 9, IO9-II0 • The Life and Writings of T® W® Roberts on® London, 1893 9^ppT278,294 9 302o’= Quinn, Arthur Hobson= A History of the American Drama from the Beginnings to the Civil War® -New York,

A History of the American Drama from the Civil War to the Present Day® lew York, 19k 3, p.p® h 9 11, 37 © . ' , ad® Representative American Playso lew Yorks 19179 PP© 371“73o . Rebora, Piero® "Dion Boueieault," Eneiclonedia • Italiana® Rome, 1930, VI1, 600® *Reed, Isaac Perley® The' Realistic Presentation of American Characters in Native American Plays Prior to 1870® Columbus, 1918®

^Reid, Elizabeth® Mavne Reid® a Memoir of His Life.® London, 1890, pp® 2159 Robins, Edwardo Twelve Great Actors® lew York, 1900, : pp® M*9~50o .. ^Rosenberg, Charles G® You Have Heard of Them® lew York, 185^0 ^5 Buggies9 Eleanor = Prince of Plaversg Edwin Booth. New lor^ 1953 ? Eussellg William Clarko Representative Actorso Lon­ don 9 Hodo 9 ,pp0 lf-1 7-1 9o .

Byan? Kate0 Old Boston Museum Davs. Boston. 1915; pp. 167S m-b7c> v

Pat Mo 9 Jro "Ao Mo Palmer9 Producers A Study of Management9 Dramaturgy9 and Stagecraft in the American Theatre9 1 8 7 2 - 9 6 oM Yale Univer­ sity Ph. Do Dissertation^ 1959% ppo 159 24—25 9 2 6 9 1169 1 2 2 9 1479 1519 1 5 7 - 6 0 9 202-039 230-37s 2 6 5 -6 6 9 2 6 5 -6 8 9 30 6 -1 1 9 323-34o

, Maynardo Thomas William Robertsons His Plavs and Stagecraft. Providemee« 1950. PUo 41. ^^9 144 o

Scott9 Clemento The Drama of Yesterday and To-daVo London 9 .16999 19 92-109"^=™loT"264% 9 II9 312-15. From “The Bellsw to "Kins Arthurn0 Londoni 9 pp. 122—25 o Shattuckj Charles Ho Bulwer, and Chronicle of the Early Urbana^^l9”569 p. 164.

ShaWj George Bernard, ©ur Theatres in the Nineties. Lpndohg 19329 II9 2 6 =3 1 ^ 11X9 1699 308.

^Sherman9 Robert L0 Chicago Stage. Its Records and . Achievementso Chicago9 19479 ppo 3403+3%

* Chicago9 1944c

Sherson? Err oil .c London's Lost Theatres of the Nine- LondonT* 19259 PPo 42^729 140 9 2 3 9-

Southern $ E 0 Ho The Melancholy Tale of Me0 New Yorks I9I60 pp< 156o 179o

Spiller 9 Robert Eo 9 Willard Thorp.9 Thomas H 0 Johnson9 ': and Henry So Canby3 eds. 'Literary History of the United States6 New York^ 19489 II9 1003-04 1007; III9 1 149 1 2 2 c Steinberg, Mollie B 0 The History of the Fourteenth ' Street Theatre, lew York, X9319 p0 3 3 0 ™ Stirling, Edwardo Old Drury Lanes Fifty Years' Recollections of Author. Actor, and Manager. London^ 1 0 «1 9 II9 2 3 hf9 2 h 0 o

Stoddart9 Jo H 0 Recollections of a Player0 lew Yorkg ■ ; 1902, pp.Tj.7-1B, 1 2 3 -2 4 , 219T ■■ .

Stoker 9 Bram0 Personal Reminiscences _of Henry lrvins.0 lew York9 1906"9 I? 1 3 B; II9 1 3 6 .

•Strang9 Lewis Go Famous Actors of the Dav. 1st and . 2nd serleso Boston, l9029 pp. 6 2 , 292o Plavs of the Last Quarter Century. Boston, 1902, I, 101, 105 123, 132, 237, 263-64-1 II, 120-24, 167-78, 203-04=

^Sturtevant, Catherine = "A Study of the Dramatic Pro*=- duction of. Two Decades in Chicago 9 1847=-1B57. and ld97"1907o11 University of Chicago M. A. Thesis, 1931o Terry, Blleno The Story of My Lifeo lew York, 1908, ,Po 273o Thomas, Augustus 9 The Print of My Remembrance. lew ■ York, 1922, jpp. 40, 8T+7“B67~287o ^Thompson, Florence L'enore, "The Theatre in Cincinnati . Ohioo11 University of Iowa H. A. Thesis, 1928.

Timberlake, - Craig, The Bishop of Broadways The Life and Work of David Belasco. lew York. 1954. no ^17 63, 108-09 o •. Todd, Hall J. "America *s Act or ■“Playwrights of the lineteenth CenturyoM University of Denver Ph. D 0 Dissertation, 1954-0 Tolson, Julius A c See James Woodresso Tompkins, Eugene, and Q. Kilby0 The History of the Boston Jmeatre, 1854=>19GTo Boston, 1908, pp. 19, 5 0 , 6 4 ^ 7 114-, 148-49, 158-60, 179 , 212, . 214, 234, 2 6 1 , 343, 3 4 9-5 0 ° Towse, John Rankin. Sixty Years, of the Theatre0 lew. York, 19165 p7T94~95o Toynbee, ¥illiam0 The Maries of William Charles Mao^eadyo Hew York9 19125 ii9 1199 12? 9 157= ^Tramble9 Alfredo Great Artists of the Hew York 5 l H 2 9 pp0 519 71“72o Yandenhoff9 George Go Leaves from an Actor's Iote° Books with Berniniscenees and Chit-Chato Hew York9 1860^po 120o .

Vardae9 A 0. Hieholas» Stage to Screens . Theatrical Method from Garrick to Griffith* Cambridge^ Massachusetts? 19^9; pp0 25-309 38-39g i+5-M-79 51-539 202, 256= Wallaekji Lester = Memories of Fifty Years = Hew Yorkr PPo 1% 137, 156, 175-77= Walsh9 Townsend o Career of Dion Boucieaiilt 0 Hew York9 1915o Watson$ Ernest Bradley= Sheridan to Bobertsom= Bos= ton9 1926) pp= 12)1^) 50^529 # 9 59, 133$ 153 9 177 5 200-01) 209 9 217) 2^-0 = 52 =

Werner 9 M 0 R= Barnume Hew York) 1923$ P= 87= *Willard) .George 0= A History of the Centuryg A Play- Lover’s Gleanings from Theatrical Annals= Lon-

A History of the Providence Stage= 1792-1891= Providence) 1891) pp= 2 0 5 9 2 2 6 ) 323) 23ti9 245= " ^Willard, Jessie= Myself and Others= London) 1923= Wilson) Arthur Herman= A History of the Philadelphia Theatre. 18%5 to 1855= Philadelphia9 19359 7.:; 'pp. 679)'718= ” . ; : Wilson9 Francis= Francis Wilson8s Life of Himself o Boston) 1924) ppo'T99 105) 209-12% 303 = Joseph Jeffersom= Hew York) 1906? ' .; pp= 35) ^17 159) 24971267= Wilson) James Go ) and John Fiske 9 eds = Appleton11 s Cyclopaedia of American Biography= Hew York)

l887TlI"327o " Wilstach) Paul = Richard Mansfield. The Man , .... 'Actor= Hew York. 1908= pp= 949 130=31° ' V8 James Napier» "The History of the Rie© Theatres ' la Chicago from.18^7 to l857ow University of Chicago Pho Do Dissertation^ 1923 9 pp0 288-=899

299o : . Winslows, Mary Catherine Reignolds 0 Yesterday with Actors o Bos ton 9 1887 $, P° 65»

Winter Q William,, The Jeffersonso Best on 9 18819 pp0 159 9 1 8 2 - 8 3 9 1 8 6 9 1899 1 9 7 920G9 211 o * The Life of David Belasc©o New York* 19185 I 9 5^-579 6 0 9 1 0 6 9 ^ g c % J 7 5 P ^ 7 6 o

* Life and Art of Joseph Jeffersonc New York9 l W f T “

Other Davs* lew York* 19089 pp0 1109

. 130^54o The Press and The Stage * lew York, .1 8 8 99 ppo ^ 2 ^ “ "

7 Shadows. of the ;Stake 0 lew York9 1898 9 II9 99 3 T0 6 9 1 0 8 7 T 10 g 11+6 ^ 7 *

The Wallet of Time* lew York, 19139 I9 1369 m i 9 2159 228| II9 829 55^o

* WoodresSo Jameso Dissertations in American Literature9 1891=1955* Durhamo North Carolina 9 1957° Lists Jessie M* Anders on 9 ,sDion Borne icanlts Man of the Theatre11! Harold Folland9 11 The Plays of Dion BoncicaialtM! Lynn Earl Orr 9 “Dion Boucicault and the 1 9th Century Theatre181 Julius Tolson9 . “Dion Bone lea ult“o .

Woods9 George Bo9 Homer A* Watt9 and George Ko Ander= son9 edso The Literature of England0 3rd ed* lew York9 19^89 II9 *+13-14.

Young 9 Julian Charles * A Memoir of Charles Mavne Younga Tragediano” lew YorkQ lS71Q IIn 15^0 ^9 Articles im Periodlealsg

*(ABGn0) “At the Playc,19 Fun9 April ls 1865o

*(Anono) “Dion Boucicault9 Actor & Playwright^" The 111ns tra ted American« Oetoher ^5 lofD? PPo 7“9o ..

^“Dion Boucicaulton Once a Week. May 119 l8729 po 4-31=

Dion Boueicaulto" "At the Goethe Society9“ North American Reviewo CXLV1II (March 1o89) 9 335“43o . "Coquelin-Hahingg“ north American Reviewo CXLVII (Novemher 1888) 9 581-830

11 The Dehnt of a Dramatist/ 1 Worth American Review0 CXLVIIi (April 1889) 9 45W)3<,

“The Decline of the Drama," Worth American. Reviewc, CXXV (September 1877) 9 235ra45« Decline and Fall of the Press9" Worth American Review„ CXL? (July 1887)$ 32^39° "Early Days of a Dramatists" Worth American Review„ CXLYII (May 1889), 584-93» "The Future American D r a m a Arena« H I (Wovember 1890) 9 641-52 o

■ "Leaves from a Dramatist8s Diary9" Worth American ReviewQ CXLIX (August- 1889) 9 228-3 6 » :■ ; '

"Mutilations of Shakespeare9 The Poet Interviewed o88 Worth American Review^ CXLVII (February I889TI 266-681 "My Pupils9" Worth American Review. CXLVII (Getober 1888) 9 435^40 •’The Wew Departure 9" Dramatic I (June 1890)5 1-4o "Shakespeare's Influence oh the Drama9" Worth American Reviewa CXLVII (November 1 8 8 8 ) 9 680 -8 5 o . ' . "Spots on the Sun." Arena a III (January I89p) 9 131-40®

*Inaccessibleo ■ ■: . - •. .. . ■ . . ■ v : 5o

11 Theatre 9 Halls 9 and Audiences 9 81 lorth American Review. GXLIX (October 1889)9

^Boucicault) Mrs = Dion0 "In the Days of My Youth/’ Mo Ao Pp.** July 1 9 18999 PPo 6 3 6 -3 8 0

*Boucicault Redivluus 9 88 The Illustrated American? ; . August 2,. 1.8905- ppo 8^=880 : .

Carson9 William Go Bo "Letters of Mr0 and MrSo Charles Kean. Relating to Their American Tours988 Washington University Language and Literature* aoo I?Po 95o

*Curry9 So So "Elocutionary Perversions of Literature 919 Expression,, II9 Noo 1 (June 1 8 9 6 )9 1 7 9 -8 6 0

^Frohmanc, Daniel p. 88 In the Days of the Old Lyceum 9 88 The Saturday Evening Posts November 1^9 1 9 1 0o

Henry9 Arthur = "Dion Boucicault, 88 Earner8 s WeeklVc, September 279 1890 9 pp0 7uO-69»

Herne9 James A 0 "Art for Truth's Sake in the Drama988 Arena9 X?II (February 1 8 9 7 )9 361=70o

*Hoole9 . W 0 So "Two Famous Theatres of the Old South985 South Atlantic Quarterly„ XXXVI (July 1937)9 273-77, Johnson9 Albert E 0 "Dion Boucicault” Man and Fable9 88 Educational Theatre Journala VI (December 195^)9 3 1 1 -1 6 )0

"Fabulous Boucicaultg" Theatre ' ArtSo XXXVII ■ (March IQ^)^ 26-30o

McDowell; John H 0 "Historical Development of the Box Set) 88 The Theatre Annual« 19^59 PP= 65-69o

^Montgomery) George Edgar 0 "An American Theatre 9111 The American Magazinen IX (November 1 8 8 8 )9 200

^Morris, Clara* "Memory of Boueicault 9 88 Cosmopolitan^ XXXVIII (January 89 :1905) 9 273-79o

*Peffer9 Susan* "Dion Boueicault)" LettersQ II (August 1928)» 7-18.

^^Unidentifiable (cited by Lynn Earl Orr) 51 Rahillg' Fo "Dion Boucieault and Royalty Payments for Playwrights,," Theatre ArtSa XXIII (November 1939)9 807-13o *Searamueeio (pseudo) "The Mystery of Dion Boueicault9" Irish Llfeo February 13 9 I91W-9 pp0 ■ 215-16o Smith9 Ho B<, "Bondon Assurances" Earner1 s Weekly 0 XL (December 12» 1896), 121-25° West, Bo Jo "Revolution in the American Theatres Glimpses of Acting Conditions on the American Stageo 1855-1870o" Theatre Survey« I (I960)« W- 5 0 o

Wheeler9 A 0 C 0 "Dion Boucieault9" Arena, III (December 1890), 47-600

^Winter, William* "Dion Boucieault, the Master of the Revels,". ^ ppo The Saturday Evening Post, May 18, Newspapers s

^Athenaeum (London, England) 0 • . March 8 , 1#62. September 27, l890o

^Atlantic Journal (Georgia)o September 27, 1890= ^Baltimore American (Maryland)e October 18, 1855o • , October 199 1855= October 23, 1855= »Bell8s Life in London (England)= September 299 1 8 6 1 = December 1, I8 6 Io December 14-, ' I86 I 0 /' : December 18, 1861= November 16, 1 8 6 7 = June 22, 1 8 7 8= ^Birmingham Gazette .(England) = December 1= 1 8 7 1= September 6= 1873= April 30, 1880= October 29, 1880= *Boston Daily Advertiser (Massachusetts)© March 9, 1857= March 28, 1857= February 7, 1882 = February 10, 1882= February 6, 1883= ^Boston Gazette (Massachusetts)© February 5, 1882o

■' *Boston. DalIv Globe (Massachusetts) = '

, September 19, 1 8 9 0= ^Boston Herald (Massachusetts)= , . January 19, 1882= February 7, 1882= February 19, 1882= December 20, 1882= February 6, 1883 = February 20, 1 8 8 3 = 53 *Eoston Journal (Massachusetts)» _ January 11^ October 59 185m-o . June 9-27, 1856= February 7S 1882 = February 119 1882= ^Boston Post (Massachusetts)= ■ February 79 1882=

^Buffalo Commercial Advertiser (Hew York)= ^liugust""iig

^Charlestown Courler (South Carolina)= March .13-29, 1855<. ^Chicago Journal (Illinois)= June 15, l85Lho *Chioago Tribune (Illinois)= January 29; 1882=

*PailF Alta California (San Francisco, California)= January 11 ? 187H-0 ' *Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Virginia)= April 9; 1856= »Daily Enquirer (Cincinnati= Ohio)= September 23, 1855° September 26, 1855° *Dailv Louisville Demoerat (Kentucky) = ■ October 8-13, 1855° November 26, 1855° December 3, 1855° *Dallv Picayune (Hew Orleans, Louisiana)* • February 27? 1857° June 12, 1857° July 17, 1857° August 7, 1857= October 23, 1857° . October 27, 1857° ■ December 18, 1857°

*Dailv Telegraph (London, England)= July 16, 1913=

*Dailv Tribune (New York, N= Y=)= September 10, 1853° December 30, 1853° January 6, 185^° ■ ' ■ 5^ January fj 185^0 , November 2 8 9 1856 November 105 1857 December 10s 1857o February 2 3 , 18 58c October 5? 18580 October 215 1859° November 29 1 8 5 9° December 7? 1859° January 10, i860. . . March lU-9 i860 o March 309 I86 O0 . July 13, 1865° September 5? 1 8 6 6 . . September 7? 1 8 6 9° September 10? 1869° March 189 1873° June 5 9 1873° July 3 9 1 8 7 3° December 8S 1873° ■ December 24, 1 8 7 3. August 10, 1874c . November 16, 187*+° October 5 ? 1 8 7 6 ° ; November 10, 1876° December 28=30, 1 8 7 6 ° January 1, 1877° October 1,; 1877° 5 September 10, 18780 February 11, 1879° February 25? 1879° October 6, 1879 ° October 8, 1879° March 7? 18820 August Ik, I8 9 0o September 19, 1890= .

*Deseret Evening News (Salt Lake City, Utah)° February 16=19, 187*+°

*Disnatch (New York, 1° Yo)» ^ September;28, 1 8 9 0° ^Dramatic Mirror (New Yorkj No To)° September 27, I890.0 December lb, 1895° February 11, 1 8 9 6° March 21, 1 8 9 6= July b, I8960 *Era (Londons England) 0 April 3 9 1880o

______(Washington9 Do C 0) = January 1858 <,

Yor k9 Hi, Yo) 6 October 159 l879o ^Herald (Hew York. PL Y»)» Hovember 7 9 1864-» September 2 3 9 1872o Hovember 16 $ 1872=, March 175 1873° June 39 1873° December 89 1873 ° Hovember 1h>s 187^° December 2 2 . 187^° March 27:9 I88O 0 February 79 1 8 8 2 c January 14-g 1883» ( . , ■ ^Illustrated Pondon Hews (England)n ■ - ;. June 9 s'' - 186l0 ' - December 27. 1862o May 189 1863c July 9j 1864o October 199 1867* ^Illustrated Times (London9 England)0 September 159 1860= February 169 1862= March 8 ? 1 8 6 2 o April 1, 1862c July I69 1862c September 219 1862o September 299 18620 April 1 9 1865c September 29s 18660 August 229 I8680 Hovember 6 ? l869o

^Lowell Daily Courier (Massachusetts) February %/^T882«,

^Mirror (Hew Yorkg Ho. Y.) 0 March II9 1882o April 239 1887c *Missomi*i Republican (8to Louis 9 Missouri) Q Hovember 6=-209 1855<> ^Montreal Gazette (Canada)o ' September. 219 1853 o ' ^Morning Mail (Lowell9 Massaebuse11s) <, February 219 18820 ^Mewburyuort Daily Germ (Massachusetts)* February ll^~lE82o ■ February 229=239 1882o ^Newbury'port Herald (Massactrasetts)« February 229 1882* »Hew Orleans Dally Crescent(Louisiana) * January 6 to May 179 1855= December 1=31? 1855= January 1 to March 13? 1856= loveiaber 10 9 1856 = . . . January 5 =2^9 1857= April 69 1857 = ' *Hew Orleans Daily Delta (Louisiana)= January 7^21? 1855= May 179 1855= *lew York Clipper (1= Y=)= September 27? 1890*

September 1= 1853= ■ . November 7”o9 1853= November 23=24% 1853= November 269 1853= ' November 30, 1853= December 1=29 1853 = December 5? 1853= . December 14=309 1853 = January 1=149 1854= October 30=November 7? 1854= November 10=119 1854= November 17=189 1854= December ll=129 1854= May 19? 1856= May 24, 1856= May 269 1856= May 289 1856= •May 3O9 1856 = July 2 s 1856o July 11, l856o July 179 I8560 July 3 0 , 18560 August 1, 18560 August W"=5$ l856o August 12-159 I8560 August 1 8, I8560 August 25“26o I8560 August 30, 18 56 o September 8-9, 1 8 5o 6 September 1 6, 18560 September 279 1856o October 2, 18560 October 11, 18560 Oe tober 15-16,9 18 5 6« November 17-lp, 18560 Beeember 6, 18560 October 27, 1857 o October 299 1857o November.2, 1857o .November 6, 1857o November 9-10, 18 57 ° 1ovember 15, 18570 November 16-17, 1857° tieeember 7-1 0, 1857° tiecemberV'259 1857° February 22, 1858o February 25% 1858° March 309 18580 April 3 5 1858° September 3-71 1858° September 13, 1858» September 17, 1858° September 20, 1858 ° September 239 1858° October.2, 18580 October 6, ■■1.858° November 1-2, 1858 ° November ^— 10, 1858° November 15? 1858° November 18, 1858o September 1, 1859° September 15-16, 1859 October 17, .1859° October - 20, 1859° October 1859° November 1-2, 1859° November 23, 1859° December 1 9 l859o December 8 9 1859» December I), 1859o December 209 1859° December 229 l859o ..December 26^, 1859» Jabcary 2 ? 1860 o January 9='10§ l860o January 219;1860o February 139 l860o February 2fr9 i860 o March 129 I86 .O0 March lLt-=-159 I86 O0 March 289 1860o March 319 i860 0 May H-j I86 O0 May 169 1860 o July 169 1860o September 8 9 1872o September 15? 18720 . September 189 18720 September 22=24. 1872o September 279 1672o October 17@ 1872° October 239 l8720 Bcvember 39 1872 0 lovember 13 9 l872o lo^ember 17§ 18720 December 89 1872* January 5, 1873» February 99 1873° February 239 I8730 March 99 1873° March 169 1873° March 19, 1873° April 23° 1873°. May 39 1«73° June 15 1873o June 4 9 18730 June 279 1873° July 1=29 1873° August 279 1873° August 299 1873° September 99 1873° September l49 1873° Icvember 219 1873° December 19 1873° December 7=9? 1873° December 20=229 1873 ° December 249 1873° January Z-12? .March 17, 187^* - : August 9? l87Lr0 'August 11, 1874:=' August 16^ 1874= August 30, 1 8 7 4o , September 13, 18740 September l4, 1874P 'levember 13-14, 1874„ November 16, 1874* January 2, 1875° February 7, 1875o February 15, 1875° February 21, 1875° February 26, 1 8 7 5 ° March 7, 1875° March 21, 1875° March 27, 1875° May 23-25, 1875° . August 1, 1875° August 12, 1875° August 6, 18760 September 3 , I8760 September 1 0 , 1 8 7 6 ° October 4, 18760 October 15, 18760 November 5$ 1876° November 10, 18760 December 13, 1876° December 21, 18760 April 8 ,. 1877° September 19, 1877° September 2 6 , 1 8 7 7° October 1-2, 1877° November 11, 18771 December 3 1 , 1877° January 2 0 , 1 8 7 8. January 2 2 , 18780 January 259 18780 January 299 1 8 7 8* February 8 , I8780 February 1 0 ,. 18780 July 2 8 , 1 8 7 8° September 8 , 18780 September 11=12, 1 8 7 8° November 24, 1878° February 4, 1879° February 11=12, 1879° February 25? 1879° 60 August 179 1879* September H'=-5? l8?90 ©etober 1 8 7 9» October 1 0 9 1879= December 259 1879= February 19 1 8 8 0 . February 229 18860 February 25s 1880. March 149 1880. March 16, i860. March 28-29, l880o January 1 6 , 1 8 8 1 . February 6 , 1 8 8 1 0 April 18a 1 8 8 1 o May 1 9 1 8 8 1 . May 7, 1881.. December 11, 18810 . March IS, 1883. March 279 1883= ^pril l s: 1883o ' April 11. 1 8 8 3 o May 6 9 1883 = : May 12, 1883. May 169 I8 8 3 = May 25,-1883. May 27, 1 8 8 3 = March 4, 1884. April 2 0 . 1884o May 2, 1884. May 4, 1884o May 16, 1884. May 199 1884. March 7, 1886. March. 15-17 s. 1886 0 April 1 8 , .1886. October 3 0 -lovember 1 3 , 1886. January 23 s 1887 = February 27. I8 8 7. April 17, 1887= April 19, 188?. April 22, 1887= April 24, 1887. May 2-3, 1887= May 14, 1 8 8 7. October 1 6 , I8 8 7. May 14, 188.7 o > October 16. 1887. May 14, 1888.. June 4, 1888. June 1 5 ,. 1888.' June 22, 1888. December 10, 1888. . April 10, 1889o September 19@ 1 8 8 9C ..August 15 9 1890 o September 19% I89O 0 September 23, l890o , Jtme 1 2 , 196O 0

______(loudo b % Emgland)o July 12,1l888o ■ ■ ■ September 25, 1 8 9 0»

*Penny Illustrated Paper (London, England)o "^^Oetober 97l862o October 9, I9690 ' October I89O 0

^Pictorial Times (London, England) 0 November 23, 1844» ^Providence Journal (Rhode Island)= . ■ March'1^59 1872 o February 2 8 , 1882»

^Public Ledger (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) t - December ■#-2 .8 , 1872 c . *Puneho or London Charivari (England)o . . . January ?% 1 8 6 2 « ...

^Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)» March 39. 1882o February 4-, 18830

*Salem Observer (Massachusetts)o February 11, 1882=

*Salem Register (Massachusetts)^ ■ February 6 ,. 1 8 8 2 o

^Spirit of the Times (New Yorkq No Y o)0 ; April“57 _1 8 5 1 o " /' July 10, 1852 o - October 11, I8560 November 2 2 , I8560 . April 5, 1862o March 22, l873o February 7, 1874o .: March 21, I874 o November 21, 1874o February 15, 1875c April 1 1 , 1875= January 159 18760 February 5? 18760 Deeenber 30? I8 7 6 0 : September 1877« October 1 $;' 18.77 o October 6 9 l877o January 268 1878 0 May 89 18780 May 319 I8 7 9o June 79 1879o February 2 1 9 1880o February 289 I88O0 Mareb 205 1880o April 5? I88O0 March 119 18820 July 219 1888V September 279 I89O 0

*Sum (Hew Tork? Ho Y 0) 0

April 1 3 9 I 8 8 Oo '

*Sunda% Tele^raph (Hew York9 No Y 0)o September 209 1903 o December I9 19160

■ Toledo Blade (Ohio)o : ' :

July I6 9 1 8 9 6 0

"Worchester Dally S p y .(Massachusetts)o March 13-1^ r’l883o . *¥orchester Dally Times (Massachusetts)o , ™ February3T^l882 0

*Mi£M (^ew York9 No Yo) o . /O ctober 12.0 l879:o , ■■■■ June 1 6 9 I0 8 O 0 . May 159 1887o September 199 1 8 9 0= March 5$ 1916» ; H A M D L ■ I S T 0 F '' P M A I S IITROBUGTION

This handlist consists of the known plays of

Dion Beneicaulto It is by no means complete3 since re­ ports vary as to the total of the playwright’s work)

reaching an estimated high of between 300 and 00 plays®

Theodore Cloak9 eo=@ditor of America’s Lost Plays®

■ Volume'I, was contacted in an effort to locate some

fifty unknown plays of Boueicault’s which Cloak, stated were in a private collections however? these efforts

were futile0 The libraries8 lists9 which were secured

in connection with this-thesis, were often incomplete1

for example9 even the Union Catalogue of the Library of Congress does not include all the plays that are

given in the following handlisto Allardyee Nieoll9

in his books dealing with the nineteenth century drama,

was able to list more plays than any other single source

due to the fact that plays were registered and manu­ scripts left before performance in London with the

Lord Chamberlain’s Officeo There was n© such single source of records kept in the United States during Bpueicault’s time, and most of the works of Boueieault8s

era are scattered throughout various libraries specie- .

lizing in theatre collections) such as the New York

Public Library) the Harvard Theatre Collection) etc®

6h Townsend Walsh8s Career of Dion Boueicaalt was the first attempt at compiling sueh a handlisto

With this and Hieoil8s works as a basis9 the handlist lias expanded npon9 mslag the various sources cited in the selected bibliography, as Well as contacting the major American university and public, libraries= Also

Reginald8s The Stage Cyclopaedia0 and the United States Copyright Enactments were consulted.

Five plays in the handlist have been left'with* out underlining (BeIphegor9 Lost Treasure, Married by Force, Hew York and Brooklyn| or, The Poor Sewing Girl, and The Maid with the Milking Pail), authorship of which is questionable| notation is made after each of these five plays as to,the source which indicated it might be credited to Boueieault.

The handlist includes first the name of the play and alternate titles'used; collaborators| in­ formation as to whether the play is an adaptation, and its original source; the date and place of first production, as well as the theatre where the play was produced, i. e., “Haymarket, 11 or ’'Gaiety*11 Moreover, if the play is not in a published edition, L. €. (Lord Chamberlain8s Office) and B. M. (British Museum) follows the entry, although only for plays produced in England—-because of the required registration with 66 .the M r 4 Chamberlain^^is this information available0 Allardyee Hiooll has been the source for this infor=

mationo: , ; . \ - The amount of information available on

Boucieault8s plays varies considerably, accounting

for the divergence of entries in the handlist0 Mon­

trose Moses 9 in Famous American Actor Families9 en­

listed the help of Boucicault1s son* Yet Moses states 8

It was well-nigh Impossible9 not withstanding, for our combined efforts to frame a concise 9 accurate bibliography of Boueicault,s plays. This was partly due to the Irish writer’s pro­ lific pen and to his genius for constructing dramas that often never saw the form of whole manuscripts o It was: equally as much due to the fact that neither of us knew exactly where to turn for further investigation^ A library9 properly endowed and under wise guidance, _ would have facilitated such investigation»

^Montrose F„ Moses. Famous Actor-Families in America (Hew Yorks. Thomas D 0 Crowell &' Company, 1906), Handlist of Plays

l^Afefoage de Castro* 1851$ Londono After Darks A Tale of London Life°written with

Henry L* Williams and derived from a melodrama by Messrs

D 8Ennery and Grange with their permission« Drama0

August 129 1868$ London9 Princess8So

Agnes Robertson at Homeo Sketcho February 169

1855s He*'Orleanss Gaietyo

Andy Blake g or0 The Irish Diamond (also The

Dublin Bov and The Irish Boy)^adaptation of Alfred

Bayardrs Le Gamin de Paris 0 Gomie Drama0 'January 3 9

185^s Bostons Museumo

taken from Mrs, Cowley's Who's the Dune and from a chanter in Charles 0 8Hailey<> Comedyo September 19§

184-2 9 London9 Haymarke t»

The Amadano Drama 0 January 1? 1883 s London9

Eichmondo v' ' Apollo in Hew York. Comedy0 December 11, 18549

New fork; Burton8s® Argument of Tears.o 1859-60Q New Orleans 9 Gaiety

Arrah°na-Pogues ora The Wicklow Wedding0 Dramao

November 119 1 8 6 4 9 Dublin9 Ireland 9 Royalo L-=C9 $E0

Azaelg or0 The Child of Israelo Biblical

Tableauxo January 189 1856? New Orleans9 Gaietyo Bafell and Bijoug or. The Lost Resalla — Mrittmn '■ X - : ' \ - ' with James Bo Planehe0 Spectaele0 Augnst 2% 18728 Covent Gardeno

The Bastileo 18^2? London«

Belle Lamar 0 Drama o August 1 0 9 I87V 9 New York, Booth8s0

Belphegor? (Title rioted on the cover for

'Jessie Brown« French8s Modern Standard Drama9 vol0

XXVI-XXVIIo)

Blue Belle 0 Extravaganzac November 279 18569

New York9 Burton8So .

Boucicault in California o Sketchc January 19$, 'IS?^-^ San Frarieiseo9; Tiae California =

Bob Nettleso see To Parents and Guardians0

A Bridal Tour c, see Marriage o The Brides of Garrvowen« see The Colleen Bawn.

The Broken Vow* see Sixtus V o

The Chameleono Comedy<, December 209 1855? New Orleans $, Gaiety,,

Chamounl Ills ora Chamooni III-^a travesty on the

play by Eugene Scribe0 Burlesque„ October 249 1859? New York, Winter Gardeno

The Cherry-Tree Inno see Elfie0 The Child of Israel« see Azaelo

Clarissa Harlowe-^ada'Ptation of Samuel Richard”

son8s novelo Drama» September 10, 1 8 7 8$, New York;

Wallaek!So The Colleen Sawns or. The Brides of Garrvowen-- based on GerdM Griffin8s novel The Collegians. Drama»

Maroh 2 8 , i860, New York, Laura Keene8s0

Confidenceo Comedjo May 3, 184-8, London, Haymarketo L-C, MS»

Contempt of Conrt=-adanted from the French. .

October 10, 18799 London, Marylebone0 ,

. The Corsican Brothers— adaptation of Dumas8 novel by the same , name <, Drama ;0 February 24-, 1852,

London, Princess8So

. Curiosities of Literature* Farce0 184-2, London« Cricket on the Heartho see Doto

The Cat Changed into a Womano Fairy pieceo

November 1 2 , 1855? Sto Louis, Sto Louis0 ; Cushla Ma Chree»=dramatization of Guy Manneringo

February 2 0 , 1888, Boston, Hollis Street Theatre„

Daddy 0 8Dowdo see The 0 "Dowdo

A Dark Night8 s Work^-from a drama by Eugene

Scribeo Dramao March 7? 1870, London, Princess8s0

Dead Secret0 January 28, 1878:5 New Torko (A new version of ffezebelo) Le deoeche (The Speaking Wire)Q Le fil qui narle- written with Eugene Nus = 1873s Paris«

, The Devil8 s in Itc l8 ^ s London = - Devotion— adaptation from the French Un Duet .

Sous Richelieu by Loekroy and Badono Drama„ May 1,

1884', London, Courto 70

Pom Caesar de Bazan-^wrltten with B 0 Webster

an(3 based on Dumanois and Dennerye.s version0 October

7 9 18449 London;, Adelphio

Don Quixote II0 See The Fox Hunto

■v : ; Dots ora Cricket on the Hearth”abased on Charles Diokens' novel Cricket on the Hearth„ Drama = September

14c, 1 8 ^9, New York9 Winter Garden6 L«-C9 MS0

Dreams="^¥ritten with Tom. Eobertsonc, Romahtie

Comedyo September 6 9 18699 Hew York, Daly’s Fifth Avenue®

Drlnko January 319. 18829 Hew York9 Standard o (Clarenoe’s Stage Cyelopedia credits this to Charles Reade who adapted it from Busnad and Gastineau’s ver­ sion of Emile Zola’s -L'Assommoir. but Dion Boueieault had it copyrighted on March 2 6 , 187^ in the United States 0).

The Dublin Bov6 See Andy Blake0

Dust— taken from MMC Labiehe and Delaeour’s

Le Point de Mire0 1881= London® ' Elfie% or= The Cherry-Tree Inn® Drama® March

1 0 9 1 8 7 1 9 Glasgowo

Enquire ~ Within® Faroe® August 299 18^-99 London,

Lyceum® BM9 MS0

Eugeniet or® A Sister’s Vow® Drama® January 19

1899) London, Drury Lane® L-C, MS® The Fairy Star® September 20® 185^-% Boston^

Rational® Faust and Margaret— attributed variously to Bouci- cault and Tom Robert son® Drama® April 19 s. l89)+9 London,

Princess8 s ® 71 £lm_.Maccpulo (A new version of Belle Lamar g)

The Flying Scud % orn A Fotar Legged Fortune»

Drama» October 6 9 1866 9 London5, Holborn0 ■ Forbidden Fruiti-adapted from three French pieceso

Comedyo October 3 ? 18765 Hew York9 Wallaek'So

Formosa ?, or0 The' Railroad to Ruin« . Drama

August 5? 18699 London9 Drury Lanec Foul Play-written with Charles Reade and based on ,M0 Fournier .and Meyer’s French play Le Porte-Feullle

Rogue o Drama o May 28'9 1868 9 London, Holborn0

Found Out at Home® 1845, London

The Fox and the Goose-=wrltten with Be Ho

Webstero Operetta= October 2 , 184L9 London, Adelphio The Fox Chase® see The Fox Hunt The Fox Hunts or® Don Quixote Ilg ora The Fox

Chase-^adaoted from M 0 Meleville1s French drama SullivanB

Comedyo November 2 3 , 1853, New York, Burton’So' L-C, MS0

Free Cuba— written with Jo J0 0 8Kelley0

(Copyrighted May 8 , 187^ 0 )

The Garde Mobileo 1851Q Londons

La Garde Hationale0 . Farce« January 9, 1850,

London, Queen's® BM, MS0 Genevieves or® The Reign of Terror—-adanted from the novel of Alexander Dumas® Drama» June 20, 1853? . '

London, Adelphi o L-C, MS0

Danville®. Drama<. June 3 ? 1857, London

Adelphio Gerald. 0 1.8 50, London

Giralda% or a The'Miller's Wlfe°-revised as 1 Dark 8s Works Dramao September 12, 1850, London, Hay- mar fee to ",; ' "

Grimaldi: or/ The Life of an Actress-sometimes

known as Violet: oro Scenes In the Life of an Actressa

Drama = September 2%, 1 8 55$ Cincinnati0

Hard UPo l8 l8 a Cheltenhamc. England«

The Heart of Mld°Lothian0 see The Trial of

Effie Deanso

How She Loves HimI Comedy0 December 7, 1 8 6 3 ,

Liverpool, Prince of Males9s0

Hmnted Down0 see The Two The Invisible Hmsband— adapted from a Eugene

Scribe playe October 2 8 , 1857, Hew York, Wallaces«>

(Townsend Walsh lists this play as being performed in

London, I8 5 O 0)

The Invisible Prince0 Extravaganza0 February

27, 1 8 5 6 , Hew Orleans, Gaietyo (Clarence's Stage

Cyclopaedia credits the play to J 0 Ho Planche, Haymarket,

December 26, 184-6, adapted from the French niece Prince

Tutlno)

The Irish Diamond0 see Andy Blake0

The Irish Boy* see Andy Blake0

The Irish Heiress: or4 The West Endo Comedye

February 7$ 1842, London, Covent Garden» Jack gheppard-^adapted from the novel of the same name o 1839* Hull c, England 0

Janet Pride0 Drama» August 11 s 185^s> Buffalo9

Metropole0 L-Cj MS0

Jeanle Deanso see The Trial of Effle Deanso

(Revision of the same playG)

Jessie Browns or« The Relief of Lucknow0 Drama

February 229 18589 Hew York? Wallaek1s0 Jezebel: orn The Dead Reckoning^ Dramao

December 129 18709 LondongHolborno The Jilt— adapted from Hawley Smart's novel

From Post to Finisho May 5% 18859 Londons The Elephant and Castle <=

Jimmy ¥atto Drama« August 19 189 0 9 London9

The Elephant and Castle 0 L»C9 MSC

John Bull-=a revised version of G 0 Colman's play of same name» July 8 % 1 8 7 2 9 London^ Gaiety0 Kerryo see Night and Morning o

The Knight of Arvao Comediettao November 2 2 9

18489 London9 Haymarketo Ladv Bird: ora .Harlequin Lord DundrearVo Panto mime o December 2 6 9 1862 9 London9 Astor9'New York,

Wallaek’So (Produced on the same day/) L=C9 MS0

, Laving a Ghosto 1844'9 Londono 74 ' Led Astray^--•a'da-pted from M. Octave Fenilletfs

French play Tentatlono Cornedy» December 6 9 18735, Hew York, Union Square o

Lend Me Your Wife—^written with Svdnev Rosen- fieldo 18909 Bostono DLC9 MS0

Life in Louisiana,, see The Octoroon^

The Life of An Actress0 see Grimaldi«

The Lily of Eillarnev— written with Jo Oxenford =

Operao February 2 9 1 8 6 2 9 London9 Covent Garden6

Lodgings to Let* l8399 London* Lolahc 1843* London*

London Assurance* Comedyc March 4 9 l84l?

London9 Covent Garden* The Long Strike— based on Mary Barton* A Tale of Manchester Life * 2 volumes 9 1848 * Drama * September

15; 18665 London9 Lyceum* - Lost at Sea-Written with H* J* Byron* Drama*

October 2 9 1 8 6 9; London9 Adelphi* L^C9 Ms*

The Lost Regalia * see Babil and Bi.iou* ■ Lost Treasuref 1858; Hew York;'Bowery* (George

C* D* Odell* Annals of the Hew York Stage* VII* 137) Louis XI* King of France— altered from Casimir

Delavigne1s French play Louis XI (based on Sir Walter

Love and Money* •see School for Scheming* ‘

Love in a Maze* Comedy* March 6 9 1851;

London; Princess1s* 75 Love in'a Sack0 1843, Loadon=

A Lover by Proxy0 Bnrletta. April 2 1 , 1842, London, Haymarketo

THej^Lnoktal1 Roaring Camn^-adarted from Bret

Harte's short story and produced after Boueieault,s deatho 1892, Hew York.

The Hald with the Silking Pail? 1853, Hew York,

Burton®So (George Co B 0 Odell, Annals of the Hew York I, VI, 289.)

Major de BoatSo Hovember 21, 1874, Hew York*

A Man of Honour--adapted from the Frencho

Comedyo December 2 2 , 1873, Hew York, ¥allack®so

Marriageg oro A Bridal Touro Comedy* October

I, 1877, Hew York, iiallack’so L-C, MS0

Married by Force? 1853, Hew York* (George Co Do Odell* Annals of the Hew VI, 290<

Listed with Masks and Faces and To Parents and Guardians*)

Masks and Faces= see 1844, London^

Mercy Dramao

1 0 , I8 6 9, London, Princess8se

Miml— adanted from H c Murger1 s La Vie de Boherne,

Drama* July 1, 1872, Hew York, Mallack’So v

Moras ora The Golden Fetters* June 3, 1873,

Hew York, ¥allack®So Mother and Sono 1844^ London,

': ■ My Little Girl. Comedietta^ February 1 ^5 : ' ':

: 18828 London9 Court0 " %: V.'-'''y:'''::-: '; - . v-: ./

lap_oleon6.s Old Guard« Drama 0 1838 9 Brentford ■

y'v Sbhool, Englando ; . ’ ’ ■ :-' -y

Yor k and Br ooklyn § bf^- The Poof Sewing Girl?

I8 5 8 5 . New Yorko (George C 0 .Dc Odell. Annals of the New

York Stage. VII. 136@ In a List ,of Boucieault Helo- ' .- '" dramaso) '/■ - ’ y; ■'.y^ " v ',■ : 1 ^ ''

y ' . . Nicholas Nickleb'y. ' see Smike 0

NIgkt and Mornings or. Kerry^-adaoted from Mdee

y de Girafdin’s La Joie Fait Peur. Drama. Septembef 7?

I8 7 19 .Manchester5: Prince8So/ - / y: ; d ' y - 1 y ■

99o October 5$ I8 9I 9 London9, Standard,

y y - 'v : Nothing in It. 1856w. Philadelphia. ■■ . :

: ' Norah’s VowsG July 75 18785 Brighton. L-C9 MS. ': The Octoroon: or. Life In Louisiana— based on I .x.

Mayne Reids s novel The Quadroon. December 6 9 l859V

New York) Winter Garden. ; ; , .1 y V .H y ’ v. - y 0’Flannigan and the Fairies. Comedy. April 21 §.,

- - ' -1851,) - Lphdbn 5 Adelphiy - - ;y:^'y^-'y V; y'; :y:K,'

• The Old Guard a see Nanoleon’ s Old Guard. • '

< Old Heads and Young Hearts. Comedy. November

185 1844) London. . Haymarket.

The Old School. 1845s London.

Omoos or. The Sea, of Ice. Drama.. October 3 O 5 /

1864) Liverpool) Amphitheater. L-Cs MS. ' The Parish Clerk<■ Drama«, July 30 9 18669 Manehe s ter $ - England $ Prlnees s0 L-C 3 MS 0 . Paul la Fargeg or. Self Made. Drama.

March 79 l870p Pauline— based on the novel bv the aldar Bumaa

and later revised as Snell-bound in lew York, 1874-0

I85 I 9 Londono Pauvrette— taken from the French and revised

later as The 8now~Flower in New York, I88O 0 Dramao

April'105’ 1859V hew York, Niblo' s Garden<, Pejg...¥of£Inghon% or. The State Secretor^_Mash.s

and Faceso December 299 18539 New York, Burton's BM9 MS0

18589 New Yorkb ' ' : - '

The Phantomg or The Vampire» Melodrama e

June 149 1852c, London9 Princess's* (First produced

as The Vampire 0 but better known as The Phantom*)

■ Philosonher's Stone0 Satirical and Politico-

economical Nhitsum Morality* (Listed in the Union Catalog of The Library of Congress*)

Phrvneg or* The Romance of a Drama*

September IS, 1 8 8 7, San, Francisco, Baldwin*

Pierre the Foundling* Drama * December 119

18549 London, Adelphi* L-C9 MS* Liver pool % or ^ She Poor of Philadelphia^ =*based on the

French drama. Les Pa urves de Paris o Dec ember 1 0 , 1857? lew York, Wallack’So The Pone of Rome. see Sixtus Yo

Presumptive Evidence0 see Mercy Dodd*

The Prime Donnao Farce = September 18? 1852,

London, Princess“So ■ The Queen of Spadesg or* The Gamblerls Secret*— adapted from Eugene Scribe's La Dame De Plaue (also known as The Dame of■ Spades) 0 March 3, 1857, London,

Drury Lame*

Rache1 Is €omlngo Comedyo November 8 , 18559

Sto Louis, Sto Louiso A Radical Cure» 1850, London»

Rafael— adapted from the French Les Felles de Mabre0 1870-4?, New Yorko (This play is noted in

Jo Towse's Sixty Years of Theatre0 p0

The Railroad to Ruino see Formosa0

The Rappareeg or n The Treaty of Limerick-- adapted from several sources, namely, J » Brougham's Emerald Ring and Watts Phillip’s Camilla's Husbandse

September 9, 1870, London, Princess'so August 279 I8 7 9 9 London3 King’s Crosso L-C9 MSC

Kip Tan Winkle— written with. Joseph Jeffer- sono Drama0 September h 9 1 8 6 ^, London? Adelphio

Robert Emmetto Drama, November 59 1884-?

Chicago? Mciiekar’s 0

Romance of a Young Wife0 see Phrvne»

Salamandrlneo 184-99 Londonc

The Scampo see A Wild Goose0

Schemes and Counter-Schemes o Copy in New

York Public Library0 The School for Schemings orQ Love and Moneyo

Comedyo February 2 ? 1847? London? Haymarketo

The Sea of Ice 0 see Omooo

The.Sentinelo Operao January 10? 1853?

London? Strand* (Townsend Walsh credits Bouclcault with this opera? but in a.handlist May Davenport

Seymour records that The Museum of the City of New

York has a musical bur-letta by the same name written by Jo Mo Morton and performed in London? 18379 at the Sherwood Theatre») L-=C? MSo

r or9 A Devotee— based on Sardou’s drama Seraphineo Comedy» May 1? 1869? London? Queen'

Shakespeare in Love o 1846? London0

Sharp’s the Wordo 1843? Londono The Shaughraun0 Comedy Drama» November 14-9

1 8 7 4$ lew York9 ¥allaek8.Sb : . .

A Sister8 s Vow 0 see Eugenie e

Sixtus Vs or0 The Broken Vows orQ The Pone of Rome— written with Jo V 0 Bridgeman0 Dramao

February 17? 18519 Donclon9 Olympic a

Smikei or0 Iflcholas llckleby^^based on Charles

Dieken,s novel* November 1 9 1859? New York, Winter

Garden* The Snow Flower* see Pauyrette*

A Soldier of Fortune* Comedietta* February

6 9 1845? London9 Adelphi* BM§ MS*

The Spae Wife *' Drama * March 309 18869

London9 Elephant and Cas tle * . L=C 9 MS*

Snell-Bound* see Pauline *

The State Secret* see Peg Woffington*

The Streets of New York* see The Poor of New

York* . . .

Struggle for Life* , Drama * (Copyrighted June

249 1873 *)

Suil-a=Mor* see The 0]Dowd* (Revision of '

i «9' 1882J-wyc.9 9 Bos ton o )

The Tale of a Coat* August l49 18899 New York, Daly's* (Produced earlier in Philadelphia as The Poor

Relation*) . . 81 To Parents and Guardians: or. Bob '.'Nettles

Comle Dramao October 2 8 ? 18539 Hew York9 Barton's*

(In the London production9 18629 Boucicault credited

the piece to Tom Taylor9 Esq*)

The Trial of Effle Deans: or* The Heart of Mid~Lothiang ore, Jeanie Deans— based on Sir Walter

Scott's'The Heart of Mld^Lothlan* Drama * January 99 i8609 New York9 Laura Keene's0 . L=-C9 MS* The Two Lives of Mary Leighg or* Hunted Down^» based on the French play Femme a Deux Maris * Drama»

July 309 18665 , Manchester9 Prince's* L=-C„ MSc

Una * Tableaux Drama* February 6 9 18560

Few Orleans5 Gaietyo, ■ Up the Flues Or* What's in the Wind?— written with James Kenney (first called Felo de Se)*

May 11.9 18^69 London9 Adelphi* BM? MS*

Used UD”-written with Charles Mathews and based on the French play L'homme Blase* February 69

-1844-9 London* (In printed form just under the authorship of Charles Mathews*)

The Vampire* see The Phantom* Venice Preserved==revision of Thomas Otway's play of the same name* Tragedy* September l49 18749 New Yorkg Booth's* adapted from the French play? Les Fanfarons de Vice.

hot ihaekeray’s novelo' March 1 2 ? i8 6 0 , lew York5

laura Keene1s 0

Victor and Hortenseo August 255 18569 lew

York9 Summer Garden (actually -¥allaekfs) 0 Vice Versa-^taken from a French comedyo

Comedy» March 219 18835 Springfield9 Massachusetts o - ' Violets ..or-« Scenes from the Life of an

Actresso see Grimaldi0

Wantedc, A Widow with immediate Possession—

written with Charles Seymour0 Comedyo November 9$

1857; Hew York9 Wallaek’so The Water Cureo 18^5; Londono Wearing of the Greeho (Listed in the Union

Catalog of the Library of Congress0) The West Endo see The Irish Heiress *

The White Crow? (In Mo Ee3heim8s The

Theatre of Augustin DalVo p 0 195° "I fail to find

much in “The White Crow119 Boueieault nevertheless

finished the piece “in good shapeMo He also pre­

pared c o q”) ,

The Wicklow Weddingo see Arrah-na-Pogue0

A Wild Gooseg or0 The Scamp— based on Lady

.Leigh9 s Widowhoodo Drama= April 29§ 18679 London;

Haymarketo L-C5 MS„ as The Scamp0 ^ r . , ■ 83 The Willow Copseo November 263 1849; London^

M e l p M o : '

Womano Drama = October 2 9 1843^ London^ Covent Garden =, .BMS MS0

The Young Actresso Musical Interlude = First produced' in the early fall of 1853? before opening at Burton's Theatre, lew Yorko

: Zoso' ' flew York? 1 8 9 ? 3 □ (Listed in the

Union Catalog'of The. Library of Congress») SUMMARY

Boiacieaultv and his era are largely, untapped by

intensive researeho This thesis- has attempted to help 1 open the doors to such researeho The bibliographical • sourees include information on BoueleanIt8s lifes his

. playsS, his : acting^managing career, his school, of :;;a.ot.ing, t;. - directorial methods, acting tephri'iques, and reviews of 'hi s -plays o, - hochss intensive -':,,: -

delving into theatre histories^ periodicals^ jonrnals, ■Biographies^; and autohlogr^aphles 9 has widened the author8 s ; ' interest in the history of native American theatre, ' taught him research methods, "and' - developed a' particularly -

keen interest in the plays written in this- period^ - Further research in; this field will:present a continuing challenge0 The handlist was compiled.By means of numerous Of the listed bibliographical soureeso In addition,

, thirty=five leading American libraries (American Antiquarian SocietyI Amherst College Library, ;Brown University Libraries

Boston; Public Libraryl Oarnegie Institute of Technology# •

Ublumbla 'University; LibraiT; Gornell University Library^

I%ke Uni^ • Libraries 1’ Folger ;Shakespeare' Library; : -

Free Library of 'Philadelphia!; Walter Hampden Memorial

; -Library FTheiPla Harvard College Library [Theatre ■ . v. Collectionj|;Honold Library; Henry E 0 Huntington Library and Art Gallery|. Indiana XJnlversity Library| Library of

Gongress 5 luseum of the City of- lew York; lew York Public Libraryg Theatre Collection; lorthwestern University

Libraries; Oberlin College Libraries; Princeton Univer­

sity $, William Seymour Gollection; Stanford University

Libra r ie sj >Universi ty of Aris dna Libr ary; Uniy ersity of

Calif ornias General Library j Universi ty of Chicago Library; University of Michigan Library; University of Worth Carolina

Libraries; University of OhlOg Theatre Collection; Univer- ; sity of Pennsylvania $ Rare Books Collection; University of Tennessee Libraries; University of Texas9 Mirabeau B e

Lamar. Library; University of VirglhiaSi;Fine Arts, Library; University of Virginias Mary Washington College Library;

Yale University Llbfa'fy; Yale Sehodl of ’ Drama Library )s

the Lord Chamberlain8 s Offi, ce in Englands and the authors of Forbidden Frnlt. and Other' Plays (Fi The Odor e G1 oa k g

Appletona Wisconsin; and U» ;B° Ao 'Hicolls Halverns England)a were all contacted in an effort.to further expand the hand-

listo Hone of these sources revealed .any additional

Udticicault;playso': :'. '' y \ ' : , , : The researchs by using Boucicaults the leading . playwright of his day*,has revealed that,this developing era of young American drama needs further study.s. exp lor a-

tiona and re-evaluation= The purpose of the thesis is to help other students interested in theatre history to pursue

needed investigations:!of both ma jor and minor drama per-

spnalit ies o , . : . ' : ;; . ;; : . . - . : - '