Experiences from the BIM adoption in Finland and UK – Clients as the drivers of innovation
Prof Arto Kiviniemi School of Architecture
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Background
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM is nothing new... Same old concept, new name... Building Product Modelling Building Information Modelling First paper about BIM IAI 1st BIM requirements BIM becomes Chuck Eastman “The use of International Alliance GSA (USA) & mandatory in computers instead of drawings for Interoperability, now Senate Properties (Finland) in building design” (March 1975) buildingSMART public projects IFC 1.5.1 IFC 2x3 in the UK Early BIM research Increasing industry interest in BIM Announcements of ISO STEP 1st integrated (Standard for the Exchange UK Government’s of Product Model Data) BIM project BIM requirements HUT-600 in Finland ArchiCAD National BIM 1st BIM software Autodesk for PCs (Mac) Revit requirements in Finland Revit 1st IPD project in USA
1975 1984 1996 2000 2006 2010 2016 1998 2002 2007 2012
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Construction industry is slow to change
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 The industry needs a wake up call...
...which usually comes from the public clients
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Finland Early BIM research and adoption
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Long history of BIM activities in Finland
Ratas 1983
Vera 1997 Sara 2003 PRE 2010
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Preliminary analysis of BIM Finland-Quebec interviews by Gulnaz Aksenova School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Vera - Information Networking in the Construction Process 1997-2002
Significant effort • Duration 6 years, in total 161 projects • Budget €47 million – in a country of 5 million people School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Traditional document-based process
Information is exchanged as documents - often even on paper - which causes non-value- adding work, friction, data losses and errors
Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Integrated BIM process
Information is shared in an exploitable data format between different systems
Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Information lifecycle – project view
Briefing Sketching Design, Engineering
Planning, Briefing for Cost Changes Information
Demolition Facility Construction Management
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Information lifecycle – business view
Client’s core business
Change FM adaptation services Design Building process Construction
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM pilots of Senate Properties 2001-2006
HAKA6 2001 All Lohipato school participants Aurora 2 used BIM HUT-600 Helsinki Music Centre Tietotalo 2, Oulu TUT Administration
Upinniemi Central Warehouse
Torikatu 36, Oulu Didacticum As the result of testing HU Animal Hospital Senate Properties started to demand VTT Digi Building BIM in all projects since Only one October 1st, 2007 participant Canthia used BIM BIM used only in one BIM used in all phase of the project phases of the project
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 First integrated BIM project using IFC: HUT-600
Report “Product Model & 4D CAD: Final Report” (TR143) available at http://cife.stanford.edu/node/325
School of Architecture © Prof Arto KiviniemiMartin Fischer2016 and Calvin Kam / CIFE - Stanford University ProIT - BIM in industry’s technology strategy
Courtesy of Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries 2002
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Main Results of the Vera programme • Wide adoption of BIM as a part of AEC industry processes and strategy • Industry consensus about the importance of ICT and about the role of BIM • The industry recognised the central role of information management to improve productivity, quality and processes • This was at that point, 2002, globally quite unique situation • International Networks • BuildingSMART (at that time IAI, International Alliance for Interoperability) has just started and provided an excellent networking platform for Vera • Internationally exceptionally good visibility for Finnish companies and research institutes, and Finland achieved global position as one of the leading countries in the BIM development and adoption. • New Software Products • One of the key results of Vera was creation of basis for many innovative BIM software products, which have gained strong international position.
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 What after Vera 2003…2016?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 From Senate Properties BIM Guidelines to COBIM 2012
Senate Properties BIM guidelines 2007 National BIM Requirements – COBIM 2012
Use of BIM mandatory in Senate Properties’ projects since October 2007
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Identified problems after Vera 2003 and now • Activation of facility owners • One of the central goals was not achieved. Vera Programme could not activate sufficiently the facility owners to participate in the R&D projects. • This is still a big problem; private clients are not actively adopting BIM • Efficiency in dissemination of the results • A common problem in R&D efforts is that each project creates a lot of knowledge and information, which often is utilised by the project participants only. • There is clear need to develop methods for more efficient dissemination, which would significantly strengthen the impact of R&D programmes. • Development of AEC/FM education • Universities providing education for AEC/FM professions were not actively initiating, nor participating in the projects. The effects of the changes in technology were not recognized in the education. • The situation is now significantly better, but in most universities the AEC education is still mainly based on traditional methods • There has been some ”battle fatigue” in Finland • BIM is widely used, but further R&D slowed down significantly in the recent years
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 United Kingdom Current world leader in BIM adoption speed
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Point of the Departure in UK in May 2010 When I moved to UK in May 2010, most people, both in the industry and universities, felt that modelling is not, and will not be, important for AEC professionals in the near future: ”The industry needs people who can make drawings with CAD and our task is to provide those skills. There is no industry demand for BIM and we cannot start teaching it. 3D modelling is too expensive for the industry and too complicated for our students.”
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Big Bang: Paul Morrell on 1st October 2010
Construction Strategy 2011: Government will require fully collaborative 3D BIM with all project and asset information, documentation and data being electronic as a minimum by 2016.
http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016
CLIENTS BUYING THEIR DATA ONLY ONCE
BIM WORKFLOW TRADITIONAL WORKFLOWS
And using it to make TRADITIONAL VS BIM LIFECYCLE earlier and more well informed decisions BIM Level Definitions – in older documents
• Level 0 - Unmanaged CAD typically 2D, with paper (or ‘electronic ink’) exchanged between participants. • Level 1 - Managed CAD in 2D or 3D using BS 1192:2007 with a common data environment, but standalone commercial data management. • Level 2 - Managed 3D environment using separate discipline “BIM” tools Bew & Richards 2008 with attached data and integrating commercial data. • Level 3 - iBIM or integrated BIM potentially accessing all available data forms, adding value in operation and supported by open standards.
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM Level Definitions in PAS 1192-5:2015
• Level 0 - Separate sources of information covering the basic assets information in paper documents. • Level 1 - Separate sources of
Drawings, lines, arcs, text etc. Models, objects, collaboration integrated, interoperable data information covering the range of assets information in semi-structured Standards PAS 1192 PAS PAS electronic documents. 1192-2 1192-3 CAPEX OPEX • Level 2 - Federated file-based PAS 1192-4 PAS 1192-5 electronic information with some BS 8514-2 BS 8514-1, BS8541-3, BS 8541-4 BS 8514-5, BS8541-6 automated connectivity. BS 7000-4 • Level 3 - Integrated electronic IFC: BS ISO 16739 IDM: BS ISO 29481-1 information with full automated IFD: BS ISO 12006-3 connectivity and web-stored.
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Beyond 2016: Level 3 BIM - Smart
Source: Building Information Modelling Level 3, Mark Bew 28/04/2015 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM is not about buildings only! Case Crossrail, London
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013
Growing BIM adoption
USA USA Europe USA 28% 49% 36% 71%
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
UK UK UK UK UK UK 31% 41% 43% 54% 50% 58%
Sources: McGraw Hill: The Business Value of BIM in North America 2012 McGraw Hill: The Business Value of BIM in Europe 2010 NBS National BIM Report (UK) 2011-2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Expectations vs. reality...
Answers to the question: Will you be using BIM next year? compared to the Answers to the question: Are you currently using BIM?
Gap 21%
Gap 32%
Gap 28%
Gap 31%
Gap 25%
Sources: NBS National BIM Reports (UK) 2011 - 2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 The AEC professions are changing…
Courtesy David Philp 2016 The change will not stop in 2016...
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 UK Government as the client ____
David Philp 17th April 2012
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM4EU
Fifteen European countries had delegates at a meeting in Brussels last week of the EU BIM Task Group, a group working towards Europe-wide convergence on the use and specification of BIM: UK, Norway, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Iceland, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Slovakia, Austria, the Netherlands and Iceland attended the meeting, held at the European Commission’s conference centre.
“We’re looking to collaborate, align and converge best practice for the introduction of BIM to achieve better value for public money – that’s the central theme of the group. There are three areas of interest: 1.technical best practice; 2.client leadership; 3.cultural and people issues, such as skills development and change management. However: the question is NOT about the technology!
Image by Gulnaz Aksenova School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Sisyphus by Mongoose Studio What crucial is often missing from the discussion? Collaboration
Business models
Procurement models
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Preliminary NVIVO analysis of BIM Finland interviews by Gulnaz Aksenova How do we procure services, select and incentivise the team?
Is the team capable to do the things we want it to do?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 IfIf you you want want the the winning winning team, team, do do you you select select the the cheapest cheapest players? players or do you select players with the right skills for every position?
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 According to Darwin’s Origin of Species, it is not the most intellectual of the species that survives; it is not the strongest that survives; but the species that survives is the one that is able best to adapt and adjust to the changing environment in which it finds itself.
Leon C. Megginson 1963
School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016