Experiences from the BIM adoption in Finland and UK – Clients as the drivers of innovation Prof Arto Kiviniemi School of Architecture School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Background School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM is nothing new... Same old concept, new name... Building Product Modelling Building Information Modelling First paper about BIM IAI 1st BIM requirements BIM becomes Chuck Eastman “The use of International Alliance GSA (USA) & mandatory in computers instead of drawings for Interoperability, now Senate Properties (Finland) in building design” (March 1975) buildingSMART public projects IFC 1.5.1 IFC 2x3 in the UK Early BIM research Increasing industry interest in BIM Announcements of ISO STEP 1st integrated (Standard for the Exchange UK Government’s of Product Model Data) BIM project BIM requirements HUT-600 in Finland ArchiCAD National BIM 1st BIM software Autodesk for PCs (Mac) Revit requirements in Finland Revit 1st IPD project in USA 1975 1984 1996 2000 2006 2010 2016 1998 2002 2007 2012 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Construction industry is slow to change School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 The industry needs a wake up call... ...which usually comes from the public clients School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Finland Early BIM research and adoption School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Long history of BIM activities in Finland Ratas 1983 Vera 1997 Sara 2003 PRE 2010 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Preliminary analysis of BIM Finland-Quebec interviews by Gulnaz Aksenova School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Vera - Information Networking in the Construction Process 1997-2002 Significant effort • Duration 6 years, in total 161 projects • Budget €47 million – in a country of 5 million people School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Traditional document-based process Information is exchanged as documents - often even on paper - which causes non-value- adding work, friction, data losses and errors Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Integrated BIM process Information is shared in an exploitable data format between different systems Arto Kiviniemi – VERA programme 1997 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Information lifecycle – project view Briefing Sketching Design, Engineering Planning, Briefing for Cost Changes Information Demolition Facility Construction Management School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Information lifecycle – business view Client’s core business Change FM adaptation services Design Building process Construction School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM pilots of Senate Properties 2001-2006 HAKA6 2001 All Lohipato school participants Aurora 2 used BIM HUT-600 Helsinki Music Centre Tietotalo 2, Oulu TUT Administration Upinniemi Central Warehouse Torikatu 36, Oulu Didacticum As the result of testing HU Animal Hospital Senate Properties started to demand VTT Digi Building BIM in all projects since Only one October 1st, 2007 participant Canthia used BIM BIM used only in one BIM used in all phase of the project phases of the project School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 First integrated BIM project using IFC: HUT-600 Report “Product Model & 4D CAD: Final Report” (TR143) available at http://cife.stanford.edu/node/325 School of Architecture © Prof Arto KiviniemiMartin Fischer2016 and Calvin Kam / CIFE - Stanford University ProIT - BIM in industry’s technology strategy Courtesy of Confederation of Finnish Construction Industries 2002 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Main Results of the Vera programme • Wide adoption of BIM as a part of AEC industry processes and strategy • Industry consensus about the importance of ICT and about the role of BIM • The industry recognised the central role of information management to improve productivity, quality and processes • This was at that point, 2002, globally quite unique situation • International Networks • BuildingSMART (at that time IAI, International Alliance for Interoperability) has just started and provided an excellent networking platform for Vera • Internationally exceptionally good visibility for Finnish companies and research institutes, and Finland achieved global position as one of the leading countries in the BIM development and adoption. • New Software Products • One of the key results of Vera was creation of basis for many innovative BIM software products, which have gained strong international position. School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 What after Vera 2003…2016? School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 From Senate Properties BIM Guidelines to COBIM 2012 Senate Properties BIM guidelines 2007 National BIM Requirements – COBIM 2012 Use of BIM mandatory in Senate Properties’ projects since October 2007 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Identified problems after Vera 2003 and now • Activation of facility owners • One of the central goals was not achieved. Vera Programme could not activate sufficiently the facility owners to participate in the R&D projects. • This is still a big problem; private clients are not actively adopting BIM • Efficiency in dissemination of the results • A common problem in R&D efforts is that each project creates a lot of knowledge and information, which often is utilised by the project participants only. • There is clear need to develop methods for more efficient dissemination, which would significantly strengthen the impact of R&D programmes. • Development of AEC/FM education • Universities providing education for AEC/FM professions were not actively initiating, nor participating in the projects. The effects of the changes in technology were not recognized in the education. • The situation is now significantly better, but in most universities the AEC education is still mainly based on traditional methods • There has been some ”battle fatigue” in Finland • BIM is widely used, but further R&D slowed down significantly in the recent years School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 United Kingdom Current world leader in BIM adoption speed School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Point of the Departure in UK in May 2010 When I moved to UK in May 2010, most people, both in the industry and universities, felt that modelling is not, and will not be, important for AEC professionals in the near future: ”The industry needs people who can make drawings with CAD and our task is to provide those skills. There is no industry demand for BIM and we cannot start teaching it. 3D modelling is too expensive for the industry and too complicated for our students.” School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Big Bang: Paul Morrell on 1st October 2010 Construction Strategy 2011: Government will require fully collaborative 3D BIM with all project and asset information, documentation and data being electronic as a minimum by 2016. http://www.bimtaskgroup.org/ School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 CLIENTS BUYING THEIR DATA ONLY ONCE BIM WORKFLOW TRADITIONAL WORKFLOWS And using it to make TRADITIONAL VS BIM LIFECYCLE earlier and more well informed decisions BIM Level Definitions – in older documents • Level 0 - Unmanaged CAD typically 2D, with paper (or ‘electronic ink’) exchanged between participants. • Level 1 - Managed CAD in 2D or 3D using BS 1192:2007 with a common data environment, but standalone commercial data management. • Level 2 - Managed 3D environment using separate discipline “BIM” tools Bew & Richards 2008 with attached data and integrating commercial data. • Level 3 - iBIM or integrated BIM potentially accessing all available data forms, adding value in operation and supported by open standards. School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM Level Definitions in PAS 1192-5:2015 • Level 0 - Separate sources of information covering the basic assets information in paper documents. • Level 1 - Separate sources of Drawings, lines, arcs, text etc. Models, objects, collaboration integrated, interoperable data information covering the range of assets information in semi-structured Standards PAS 1192 PAS PAS electronic documents. 1192-2 1192-3 CAPEX OPEX • Level 2 - Federated file-based PAS 1192-4 PAS 1192-5 electronic information with some BS 8514-2 BS 8514-1, BS8541-3, BS 8541-4 BS 8514-5, BS8541-6 automated connectivity. BS 7000-4 • Level 3 - Integrated electronic IFC: BS ISO 16739 IDM: BS ISO 29481-1 information with full automated IFD: BS ISO 12006-3 connectivity and web-stored. School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Beyond 2016: Level 3 BIM - Smart Source: Building Information Modelling Level 3, Mark Bew 28/04/2015 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 BIM is not about buildings only! Case Crossrail, London School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013 School of Architecture © Prof Arto Kiviniemi 2016 Source: Malcolm Taylor, Head of Technical Information, Crossrail, June 2013 Growing BIM adoption USA USA Europe USA 28% 49% 36% 71% * Germany, France, UK 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 UK UK UK UK UK UK 31% 41% 43% 54% 50% 58% Sources: McGraw Hill: The Business Value of