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Nutritional Situation Among Syrian Refugees Hosted in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon: Cross Sectional Surveys S
Hossain et al. Conflict and Health (2016) 10:26 DOI 10.1186/s13031-016-0093-6 RESEARCH Open Access Nutritional situation among Syrian refugees hosted in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon: cross sectional surveys S. M. Moazzem Hossain1, Eva Leidman2*, James Kingori1, Abdullah Al Harun1 and Oleg O. Bilukha2 Abstract Background: Ongoing armed conflict in Syria has caused large scale displacement. Approximately half of the population of Syria have been displaced including the millions living as refugees in neighboring countries. We sought to assess the health and nutrition of Syrian refugees affected by the conflict. Methods: Representative cross-sectional surveys of Syrian refugees were conducted between October 2 and November 30, 2013 in Lebanon, April 12 and May 1, 2014 in Jordan, and May 20 and 31, 2013 in Iraq. Surveys in Lebanon were organized in four geographical regions (North, South, Beirut/Mount Lebanon and Bekaa). In Jordan, independent surveys assessed refugees residing in Za’atri refugee camp and refugees residing among host community nationwide. In Iraq, refugees residing in Domiz refugee camp in the Kurdistan region were assessed. Data collected on children aged 6 to 59 months included anthropometric indicators, morbidity and feeding practices. In Jordan and Lebanon, data collection also included hemoglobin concentration for children and non- pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years, anthropometric indicators for both pregnant and non-pregnant women, and household level indicators such as access to safe water and sanitation. Results: The prevalence of global acute malnutrition among children 6 to 59 months of age was less than 5 % in all samples (range 0.3–4.4 %). -
Investigation of Drought in the Northern Iraq Region
Received: 22 September 2018 Revised: 2 December 2018 Accepted: 8 January 2019 DOI: 10.1002/met.1778 RESEARCH ARTICLE Investigation of drought in the northern Iraq region Kasım Yenigun1 | Wlat A. Ibrahim2 1Civil Engineering Department, Harran University, Engineering Faculty, S¸anlıurfa, Turkey Drought is a phenomenon of climate and is one of the catastrophic events that 2Graduate School of Natural and Applied cause much damage on each occurrence. One of the ways of drought adjustment, Sciences, Harran University, S¸anlıurfa, Turkey evaluation and drought monitoring is based on indicators that can be used to deter- Correspondence mine its extent and continuity in a region. In this study, drought analysis (the dura- Kasim Yenigun, Civil Engineering Department, tion and severity of drought) in the north Iraq region was studied by using the Harran University, Engineering Faculty, Osmanbey Campus, 63200, S¸anlıurfa, Turkey. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) for time intervals of 1, 3, 6, 9 and Email: [email protected] 12 months. That feature of this method helps to compare the drought events in dif- ferent places and scales. To observe dry and wet periods and the severity and length of drought monthly rainfall data of 15 meteorological stations of the north- ern Iraq provinces from 1979 to 2013 were used. Calculations were performed on the SPI by using the SPI code in MATLAB computer software. The results of the study showed that the continuity of dry periods in the 6, 9 and 12 month periods was higher than in the 1 and 3 month time intervals. Moreover, according to the calculation, the driest year was observed in 2008. -
Asia and the Pacific
Chapter IV Asia and the Pacific The United Nations continued its efforts in 2014 to promoting stability in Iraq. During the year, regional address political and security challenges in Asia and and international partners increased their support for the Pacific with the restoration and establishment of Iraq in its fight against isil. Isil and associated armed peace and stability especially in Afghanistan, Iraq and groups, however, continued to control large parts of the Yemen. The non-proliferation of nuclear weapons in west and north of the country, where they continued the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea as well as to inflict civilian casualties, cause massive displacement Iran’s nuclear programme were two major crises also and perpetrate systematic human rights violations. The faced by the United Nations. United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq (unami) In Afghanistan, the inauguration of President continued to carry out its mandate, which was extended Ashraf Ghani and the agreement to establish a by the Security Council until 31 July 2015. national unity Government with Chief Executive Of- During the year, bilateral relations between Iraq ficer Abdullah Abdullah brought an end to the elec- and Kuwait were marked by positive developments. toral impasse and marked the first peaceful transfer Kuwait supported the request made by Iraq that the of power in Afghanistan between elected leaders. The Governing Council of the United Nations Compensa- fourth Heart of Asia-Istanbul Process Ministerial tion Commission to defer the requirement that Iraq Conference, held in Beijing, concluded with the adop- deposit 5 per cent of oil proceeds into the Compensa- tion of the Declaration on Deepening Cooperation for tion Fund. -
1 Executive Summary Investors in Iraq Face
Executive Summary Investors in Iraq face both tremendous opportunities and significant challenges. The Government of Iraq (GOI) has publicly stated its commitment to attract foreign investment and plans to invest $357 billion in energy, building and services, agriculture, education, transportation, and communications sector projects under its five-year National Development Plan. In 2013 the Iraqi economy grew by 4.2% and investment expenditures in oil production reached $20 billion. Inward FDI grossed $2.5 billion in 2012. Real estate is the largest non-oil area of foreign investment in Iraq. The World Bank ranked Iraq 151 out of 189 economies for “ease of doing business.” Potential investors should prepare to face significant security costs, to navigate cumbersome and confusing bureaucratic procedures, and to expect long payment delays on some GOI contracts. Corruption, delays in customs, unreliable dispute resolution mechanisms, electricity shortages, and lack of access to financing are also common complaints from investors. Internal GOI regulations at times impose unpublicized requirements or procedures that create additional burdens for investors. The GOI currently operates over 192 state-owned enterprises, a legacy of decades of oil-dependent statist economic policy. Insurgent groups, including the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, an al-Qa’ida offshoot, are increasingly active throughout Iraq. Sectarian and terrorist violence has increased since the beginning of 2013 in Iraq, most notably in the provinces of Baghdad, Ninewa, Salah ad Din, Anbar, and Diyala. The 2006 National Investment Law (NIL) provides a baseline for a modern legal structure to protect foreign and domestic investors in addition to providing investment incentives. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses HOW CONDITIONS OF STATE WEAKNESS HAVE INFLUENCED IRAQI FOREIGN POLICY PRODUCTION 2003-2013 YOUNIS, NUSSAIBAH How to cite: YOUNIS, NUSSAIBAH (2014) HOW CONDITIONS OF STATE WEAKNESS HAVE INFLUENCED IRAQI FOREIGN POLICY PRODUCTION 2003-2013, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10697/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 ABSTRACT This thesis examines the impact of state weakness on Iraqi foreign policy since the US invasion. Drawing on the concept of the social contract in political theory, this project seeks to untangle the relationship between state legitimacy, violence and foreign policy. In the aftermath of the toppling of Saddam Hussein, the Iraqi state has undergone many forms of weakness. Each chapter of this dissertation deals with a qualitatively different moment in the trajectory of Iraqi state weakness and analyses the impact on the key foreign policies or relationships of that period. -
Women at War
WOMEN AT WAR WOMEN AT WAR Edited by Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, MD, MPH Chief Medical Officer Department of Behavioral Health Professor of Psychiatry, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Washington, DC Anne L. Naclerio, MD, MPH Deputy Surgeon, United States Army Europe Chair, Women’s Health Task Force, Office of the Army Surgeon General Associate Professor Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Arlington, VA 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 © Oxford University Press 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. -
Essays on State-Building and Sectarian Violence
Essays on State-Building and Sectarian Violence by Jared F. Daugherty Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Kyle Beardsley, Supervisor Laia Balcells Peter Feaver Jack Knight Paula McClain Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Abstract Essays on State-Building and Sectarian Violence by Jared F. Daugherty Department of Political Science Duke University Date: Approved: Kyle Beardsley, Supervisor Laia Balcells Peter Feaver Jack Knight Paula McClain An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science in the Graduate School of Duke University 2016 Copyright c 2016 by Jared F. Daugherty All rights reserved except the rights granted by the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial Licence Abstract This dissertation seeks to explain the role of governmental and non-governmental actors in increasing/reducing the emergence of intergroup conflict after war, when group differ- ences have been a salient aspect of group mobilization. This question emerges from several interrelated branches of scholarship on self-enforcing institutions and power-sharing ar- rangements, group fragmentation and demographic change, collective mobilization for collectively-targeted violence, and conflict termination and the post-conflict quality of peace. This question is investigated through quantitative analyses performed at the sub- national, national, and cross-national level on the effect of elite competition on the like- lihood of violence committed on the basis of group difference after war. These quantita- tive analyses are each accompanied by qualitative, case study analyses drawn from the American Reconstruction South, Iraq, and C^oted'Ivoire that illustrate and clarify the mechanisms evaluated through quantitative analysis. -
The Self-Proclaimed Islamic State and the War for Water and Power
Running head: WATER AS A WEAPON IN SYRIA AND IRAQ University of Nevada, Reno Water as a Weapon in Syria and Iraq: The self-proclaimed Islamic State and the War for Water and Power A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and the Honors Program by Jillian M. Ebrahimi Dr. Nicholas Seltzer, Thesis Advisor May, 2016 WATER AS A WEAPON IN SYRIA AND IRAQ iv UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA THE HONORS PROGRAM RENO We recommend that the thesis prepared under our supervision by JILLIAN M. EBRAHIMI entitled Water as a Weapon in Syria and Iraq: The self-proclaimed Islamic State and the War for Water be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of BACHELOR OF ARTS, POLITICAL SCIENCE ______________________________________________ Nicholas Seltzer, Ph.D., Thesis Advisor ______________________________________________ Tamara Valentine, Ph. D., Director, Honors Program May, 2016 WATER AS A WEAPON IN SYRIA AND IRAQ i Abstract The self-proclaimed Islamic State is targeting water supplies throughout Syria and Iraq. This manipulation of water resources combined with seasonally hot and dry years, increasing populations and urbanization, and decrease in water quality, water security is soon to become a rare resource in the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin. For countries like Syria and Iraq, which rely almost exclusively on water from these rivers, the impact of the manipulation of these rivers by the self-proclaimed Islamic State is already leading to massive water shortages, starvation, disease, and displacement. The self-proclaimed Islamic State is diverting water, flooding communities, contaminating water sources, threatening destruction of dams, and controlling water only to sell it back to the governments and populations in the region. -
Analysis of Spatial Pattern of Large Manufacturing Indexes in Iraq for 2018 Pjaee, 17 (6) (2020)
ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF LARGE MANUFACTURING INDEXES IN IRAQ FOR 2018 PJAEE, 17 (6) (2020) ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL PATTERN OF LARGE MANUFACTURING INDEXES IN IRAQ FOR 2018 Mahya Mohsen Hassan Department of Geography, College of Education for Humanities, Kirkuk University, Kirkuk. Iraq Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Undoubtedly, industries generally have a great importance. Transformational industries have a special importance in changing economic, social and political balances of the state. This importance is ascribed to the possibility of affecting these economic and social indictors directly on the level of individuality and community. Industrial indicators were detected and analytically investigated which were far from their specialization such as permanent workers, commodity manufacturing employees, wrapping, service requirements and etc. Some of the positives and negatives that represent gaps must be addressed in a purely scientific and logical manner to guide decision-makers to this vital issue. The research problem lies in the fact that despite the abundance of data that contribute to advancing the transformation industries, their contribution to the national product is minimal. The study aims to uncover the governorates ranks by using the employment analysis according to the study indicators and highlight the sector having the highest rank in the number of establishments, the absorption of manpower and the sales value. However, the study found that the pattern of spatial distribution of the indicators in the governorates of Baghdad and Babylon recorded high values and for all the indicators of the study. These indicators represent two important poles for the manufacturing industries where decision-makers shall direct attention to, stimulate, develop, and even transform them into industrial cities similar to the advanced industrial countries. -
Iraq Practical Cooperation Meeting 25-26 April 2017 Brussels
European Asylum Support Office EASO COI Meeting Report Iraq Practical Cooperation Meeting 25-26 April 2017 Brussels July 2017 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION © European Asylum Support Office 2017 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © David Stanley (Flickr) (url) Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI MEETING REPORT IRAQ — 3 Acknowledgments EASO would like to thank the following experts and organisations for their participation at the meeting and the presentations they gave: Belkis Wille, senior Iraq researcher in the Middle East and North Africa division at Human Rights Watch Gareth Stansfield, Professor of Middle East Politics and the Al-Qasimi Chair of Arab Gulf Studies at the University of Exeter Joost Hiltermann, Program Director, Middle East & North Africa, at the International Crisis Group Mark Lattimer, Director of the Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights UNHCR 4 — EASO COI MEETING REPORT IRAQ Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 3 Disclaimer .................................................................................................................................. 5 Abbreviations ........................................................................................................................... -
Volume IX, Issue 4 August 2015
ISSN 2334-3745 Volume IX, Issue 4 August 2015 Special Issue on the Islamic State PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 9, Issue 4 Table of Contents Welcome from the Editors 1 I. Articles A Long Way from Success: Assessing the War on the Islamic State 3 by Charles Lister Assessing the Islamic State’s Commitment to Attacking the West 14 by Thomas Hegghammer and Petter Nesser Understanding Jihadi Proto-States 31 by Brynjar Lia Is ISIS a Revolutionary Group and if Yes, What Are the Implications? 42 by Stathis N. Kalyvas Heirs of Zarqawi or Saddam? The relationship between al-Qaida in Iraq and the Islamic State 48 by Truls Hallberg Tønnessen The Metronome of Apocalyptic Time: Social Media as Carrier Wave for Millenarian Contagion 61 by J.M. Berger The Dreams of Islamic State 72 by Iain R. Edgar Picture Or It Didn’t Happen: A Snapshot of the Islamic State’s Official Media Output 85 by Aaron Y. Zelin The Concept of Bay‘a in the Islamic State’s Ideology 98 by Joas Wagemakers Social Media, Recruitment, Allegiance and the Islamic State 107 by Scott Gates and Sukanya Podder The Evolution in Islamic State Administration: The Documentary Evidence 117 by Aymenn al-Tamimi The Islamic State’s Eastern Frontier: Ramadi and Fallujah as Theaters of Sectarian Conflict 130 by Kirk H. Sowell ISSN 2334-3745 i August 2015 PERSPECTIVES ON TERRORISM Volume 9, Issue 4 Understanding the Daesh Economy 142 by Jamie Hansen-Lewis and Jacob N. Shapiro Let Them Rot: The Challenges and Opportunities of Containing rather than Countering the Islamic State 156 by Clint Watts II. -
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in 2013
UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in 2013 Summary Total condemnations: 90 cases Local journalists killed: 84 Foreign journalists killed: 6 Female journalists killed: 5 Male journalists killed: 85 Journalists killed in Africa: 13 Journalists killed in Arab Region: 30 Journalists killed in Asia and the Pacific: 20 Journalists killed in Central and Eastern Europe: 2 Journalists killed in LAC: 25 Journalists killed in Western Europe and North America: 0 Zakir Ali (Pakistani) Bureau chief of news channel Abb Takk TV Killed on 31 December 2013 in Pakistan [UNESCO Statement] Omar Al-Dulaimy (Iraqi) Correspondent for the Voice of Ramadi radio Killed on 31 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Mohamed Abdel Hamid (Iraqi) Archives Manager, Salaheddin TV Killed on 23 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Wissam Al-Azzawi (Iraqi) Presenter, Salaheddin TV Killed on 23 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] 1 UNESCO Condemns Killing of Journalists Assassinated Journalists in 2013 Mohamed Ahmad Al-Khatib (Iraqi) Cameraman, Salaheddin TV Killed on 23 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Jamal Abdel Nasser (Iraqi) Producer, Salaheddin TV Killed on 23 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Raad Yassin (Iraqi) Chief news editor, Salaheddin TV Killed on 23 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Nawras Al-Nouaimi (Iraqi) Presenter for the regional satellite channel Al-Mosuliya Killed on 15 December 2013 in Iraq [UNESCO Statement] Rogelio “Tata” Butalid (Filipino) Blocktime commentator at Radyo Natin Killed on