CONGRESSIONAL --RECORD-SENATE. 931
1 By Mr. ESCH: Reso-lutions by Samuel Gompers~ president of The credentials were rend and ordered to be filed~ as follows: Am rican Federation of Labor, requesting support of Senate bill 4922; to the Committee on Education. To all 'lcho shall see these rn· ese1rt~t, g1·etJHng: . . By l\Ir. FULLER of lllin-ois: Resolutions of the Illinois Know ye, that BEnT M. FEnYALD~ of Poland, in the County of Andro 1 ,Vnlley Manufacturers· Club, of La Salle, llL, concerning the: scoggin, on the 9th day of September. in the year of our Lord 1918, • merchant marine; to tile Committee on the Merchant Marine was cho..~n by the electors of this State a United States Senator to 1 l'l_>,present the State of Main-e in the United States Senate for- the term and Fislleriesr of six years b ginning on the 4th day of MIU"eh, 1910. lli. In testimony whereof I hn.ve caused. the seal of State to be hereunto By KETTNER: Resolutions from Leslie S. Everts, affixed. , president of San Diego Rotury Club, indersing No-rember 11. as Given under my hand at .A:u:;nsta, the lOth day of October, in the ~ ;world's Liberty Day; to the Committee on the Library. year of our Lord 1918 and in the one- hundred and forty-third year o! By Mr. LINTHICUl\1: Resolutions in behalf of self-determina the independenee ot the United 'tates o:f Amer1e.a. CARL E. 1\1ILLIK11l:V, tion for Ireland ; to the Committee on Foreign Affafrs. (}overnor. By Mr. MOORE of Pennsylvania.: Resolntiorur of Ancient By the go.ernor : Orde-r of Hibernians protesting against peac:e conference ignor- (SEAL,]- FnA. K W. BALL, 1 Secretary of Sta~e.. ing Ir$nd ~ to tile Committee on FQ-reign Affairs. · ( Also, :re olutlons of the Pfiiladelphia Chambe? of Commerce, P..\YMEN'll TO INVALID 'OLDIEnS (H• . DOC. NO~ 1G2G). I urging legislation to validate oral war contracts; to the Com- The VICE PRESIDmrT laid before the Senate a communica mittee on Ways and 1\leans. · tio-n from the S-ecretary of \Vru: reqnesting the enactment of By 1\!r. RAKER: Resolutions by the- Ohl<> Commandery, in legislation to permft the War Department to- make payment in . oorsing the action of the Senate in passing S nate bill 130 and full to enlisted men of the United: States Army who are retm'n:. Iurging similar action by the House~ to the· Committee on Mili ing from overseas for treatment in the hospitafs of the Unlted tary Affairs. States, which was- referred to the Committee: Oil! l\1ilitary Mairs By l\1r. ROGERS: Resolutions by international mass meeting, and ordered to be pdnted~ Lowell, 1\lass., m·ging United Stutes to withdraw armed forces :trom Russia and offer niq. to the Soviet Govevnment; to the TRAVEL OF ~fPLOYEES IN' WAR DEPAR'n!ELifT (H'. DOC. NO. 1630·), 1.Committee on Foreign Affairs. The VICE PllESIDENT laid before the Senate a communi By Mr. YARE: Resolutions of· Jacob: Reed's Sons (Ine.)~ of cation from the Seeretury of 'Var, transmitting, pursunnt to Philadelphia, Pa., in support of House bil113274, relief for man law, a statement of travel of officers and employees on offlcial .ufacturers ; to the Committee on 1\filitary Affairs. business from Washington to points outside the District of Al o, resolutions of Henry F. 1\litchell Co, of Philad-elphia, Pa., Columbia during the fiscal year 191S, which, with the accom regarding revision of postal rates; te the Committee on Ways panying paper, was referred to the Committee on Appropriations and Means. and orllered to be printed.
Also, 1·esolutions of Quaker City Rubber Co., of Philadelphia, EMPLOYEES IN A.I.ASKA (H. DOC'. NO. 162-5.) r Pa.~ protesting against the adoption of the metric system in the The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate n: communica United States; to the Committee- on Coinage, Weights~ and tion from the Secretar of the Interior~ transmittin~ pmmt Measures. to l:nY, n statement showing for the first four months of the AI o, resolution of Alexander Bros., of Phifadelphfa, Pa., in current fiscal year tl1e average number of employees under the support of House bill 13274, relief for manufacturers.; to the governot· of Alnskn reeefving increased compensation at the Committee on Uilitary Affairs. rate of $120 per annrrm, whi·ch, with the· accompanying paper-, was referred to the Committee on Appropriations nnd onlered SENATE. to be printed. E IPLOYEES I- POST OFFICE DEP.ABT:MENT { • DOC. NO. 317). THURSDAY, anua1'1J J ~, 1919. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before tile Senate a communica Tbe Ch..'lplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., o-ffered the tion from the Po tma.'3ter General, tran mitting, in response to following prayer: . a resolution of December 15, 1!>18, a report of the number of Almighty (i{)d, we stand reverently before Thee~ and submit · civil employees in the Post Office Department at ·washingf~n, our thought and will to Thy wilL \Ve rec-ognize Thy right to D. C., on J:muury 1, 1919, and th number sepatTated during tile rule. Thou art our Sovereign, ou1· King, our God. Thy power previou two weeks, wlllch was ordered t lie on the table and has gotten us the victory, and we turn to Thee fot· Thy grace, be printed. · that us we pursue the great ideals. born out of the calamities ·of the present time, we may have the divi:ne gl!idunce and bless WAR FIN.Q\CE COllPOll_tlTON (8. DOC. NO. 318), ing upon us. The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the' Senate a communica.o 'Ve pray that Thou wilt draw us together :rs a people and tion from the Managing Director of the \Var Finance Corpora.~ that 'l'hou wilt draw the nations of the earth together tfutt we tion, stating, in respon e to a resolution of the Senate, that the may e ·tablish a right relationship between men, bused upon the 'Var Finance Corporation is rr lending institution and at this revelation· of Thy will concerning us. Hear us in orrr prayer, time has no expen es chargeable to the war, which was ordered and bte ' us in tlte diseharge of the sacred dUties of this hour. to lie orr the table and be printed. For Christ's sake. Amen. AFFAIR IN ltl:SSIA. HE~HY F. Hor;us, n Senator from the State of New Hampshire, l\1r. JOHNSON of California. 1\Ir. President, for the infor app ared in his seat to-day. mation of the Foreign Relations Committee, I read very briefly The Secretary proceeded to r•ead the .Tournai of tile proceed ings of Monday last, when, on motion of Mr. AsHURST and by from: this morning's. newspaper, as follows: YANKS Dnrv:m ON REDS-G~IN 14 MILES IN NORTH RUSSIA, FIGHTI:YG ,unanimous consent, the further reading "-as dispensed witb~ and STUDBORKLY-UFA FALLS TO BOLSHEVIKI--LE:YI:SLSTS TAKE' CAPITAL the Journal was approved. WEST OF URALS; GAIN NEAR BALTLc-RroA TERROR STRfCKE~ AS BOLSHEVIK A.nMY APPROACHEs-RED NAVY EXPECTED TO DASR TO l SE- ATOR FROU :MONT'AN A. SEA FROM. KnONSTAD1!--SWISS LEGATION YILI.AGED- fY RETALlA'lllo.N • The VICE PRESIDENT. Tne- Cllafr lny before tltc Senate FOR EXP'GLSION 011" RUSSIAN ENVO~S BY SWITZERLAND. 1tl'le credentials of Bon. THo IAS J. WA.r.sH, which Wl11 be :read ARCHANGEL, Monda1f, Deeen~bet• SO. and placed' on file. An allied force composed of Americans, Russians,_ and Poles :rester~ day advnnceu 14 miles southward along the road bordering th& Onega 1 The credentials were- read nnd ordered to be filed~ rur fono·ws : River. They met with considerable resistance from the bolshevlki, uut :JJo the Pn~siDmNT' OF THE SBNATJC OV THJI! UNITED STATE'S ; captured moxe than. a dozen villages and did no.t halt until they had This .Is to certify that on the· 5th da-y of November; 1918, THOMAS J. taken the village ol Gogofi. . WALSIIi was duly chosen by t.lU! qualitl.ed erectors: of th~ State of M-Qn · Starting from the village of Kalo-vangl. early Saturday morning;. tana a. Seuato~ from s.ald State t
in the early days of the fighting along the Dvina. The Poles anti A bill (S, G260) for the . relief of Stanley Mitchell (with Russians are filled with hatred for the bolshe~iki and neither ask nor· gi;e quarter in combat. accompanying paper) ; to the Committee on Claims. Subsequently another dispatch is as follows: · By l\1r. HITCHCOCK: l:.<\.,'R:S RETAKE KADISH. A bill (S. 5261) to legalize informal or defective ·orders for war supplies and materials, to provitle for the cancellation ARCHANGEL, Tuesday, December 31. American troop yesterday recaptured the village of Kadish, on the of orders and contracts, for the reimbursement of contractors middle sector of the northern Russian front, and to-day pushed for and manufacturers, for the adjustment of claims on canceled ward their lines a distance of 2 miles south of the village in tho direc· or partially filled contracts and order , and to provide relief tion of Vologda. This winter push, which was against strong resistance, was under· f~n· contractors pending final determination ; to the Committee taken simultaneously with a movement southward by the aijied troops on Military Affairs. along the Onega lliver.. The Onega column r·ested to-day at the village By Mr. FLETCHER; of Gogoll . . The recapture of Kadi h was marked by some heavy fighting, in which, A bill (S. 5262) to promote Lieut. Col. Joseph Y. Porter, however, the American casualties were light. This village, which ts Medical Corps, United States Army, . retired, now on active located about midway between the Vologda Railway and the Dvina military duty, under the provisions of the national draft act Ri;er, was strongly defended, and tbe Bolshevik! there used the block llouses built by the .Americans and British when they occupied the town appro\fed Jtme 3, 1916, to be a colonel in the Medical Corps in No;ember, prior to being driven out by large forces of Bolsheviki. of the Army on•the retired li ·t; to the ommittee on Military Affairs. · CLEAR BOLSHEVIK TitENCHES. Beginning Monday mornin"' with an artillery attack, the .Americans By l\.Ir. SHEPPA.RD; ad;anced across the frozen Emtsa River, where their positions have A bill (S. 5263) donating captured cannon anti cannon balls for mor£> than a month been located in icy dugouts on tbe bank of the to the city of Beaumont, Tex.; and . tream, bordering the destroyed bridge at the crossing of the Petrograd Road. They cro sed the stream and cleared the Bolshevik trenches A bill ( S. 5264) donating captm·ed cannon and cannon balls anrl machine-gun emplacements on the opposite bank. to the city of Tyler, Tex. ; to the Committee on l\1ilitnry The Americans then pushed forward 2 miles to the village, fighting Affairs. · their way under the protection of Canadian artillery, which was able to place hells almost at will in Kadish. The fur-clad .American flanking By 1\Ir. KillEY : parties in the frozen swamps bordering on the roatl contributed mate· A bill (S. 5265) authorizing the Fetlernl Trade Commis· rially to the American success. sion to accept and administer for the benefit of the public To-day the Americans, Russians, and Poles on this sector arc con fining their efforts to strengthening their positions. and the encouragement of industry, inventions, patent·, :m
·powers conferred by law upon inspectors general of the Gnited States to the peculiar situation in the passenger-car industry at that time. Army in the performance of their duties. Such commission shall report Civilian advice is said to bave been practically unanimous in favo1.· to Congress,.. through tbe Secretary of War, as soon as practicable, its ot the car interest• . findings of ract upon each and all the claims presented to it and its con E:S7ERS HE:SRY FORD. clusions as to the justice and equity thereof and as to the proper amount Just about this time Henry Ford stepped into the picture at Wash of compensation or indemnity thereupon• . ington. Despite the Oscar II, the boys still were in the trenches, and Ford had learned that the force demanded to end the war must be GOYERN:llENT CONTB. .A.CTS, much more substantial than conversation. This, · briefly, was said to 1\Ir. FLETCHER submitted an amendment intended to be have been tbe situation: On the one band was the Navy, strong in the belief it had found the ideal antidote for U-boats, seeking a man who proposed by him to the bill (H. R. 13274) to provide relief could build its Eagle boats, build them gooar and bu.ild them swiftly. where formal contracts have not been made in the manner re On the other hand was this man from the Middle 'West, with a world quired by law, which was referred to the Committee on ~filitary wide reputation for doing great things, marred only by his peace-ship error of judgment, with an organization known far and wide ·. for its Affairs and ordered to be printed. efficiency and adaptability, and . with its guiding genius eager to make .A.:llEXDllENT TO POST OFFICE .A.PPROPRllTIO~ BILL. a material contribution to allied arms. The combination proved irre sistible. Preliminary details were settled, and construction o.f the 1\Ir. :McKELLAR submitted an amendment providing that Eagle plant, on the River Rouge, in close proximity to the Ford blast- hereafter when clerks and special clerks in first and second furnace site, was got under way immediately. · class post offices, railway mail clerks assigned to terminal rail IS I:S COMPANY'S K.AliE. way post offices, and letter carriers in the City Delivery Service The contract is dated March 1, 1918, and, contrary to the general belief, is between the Navy Department and the Ford Motor Co. and are required to work in excess of eight hours n day they shall not an especially incorporated subsidiary. For the Navy Franklin D. be paid for such 1ldditional sen-ices at the rate of 50 per cent Roosevelt, Acting Secretary, was signatory; the Ford Co.'s agent higher than their salaries as fixed by ln. w, intended to be pro was F. J. Klingensmitb, a vice president. Edsel B. Ford was a wit ness. One hundred Eagles was the number specified, although it was posed by him to the Post Office appropriation bill, which was tacitly understood the Navy might ask for more if the emergency re referred to the Committee on Post Offices ancl Post Roads ancl quired. In addition, 12 were to be built for the Italian Government. ordered to be printed. The hulls were to be built at the River Rouge plant, while at Highland Park much of the machinery and auxiliary equipment was to be made. ::.\CEMOlUAL .illDRESSES ON THE LATE SEXA TOE JAME S. Some of the boilers, for example, bave been built by outside interests at Detroit under subcontract. Plans for the Eagles were the Navy's Mr. BECKHA.:.\I. :\fr. President, I ask unanimous consent solely, it is understood, though in the course of construction Ford that the Senate shall convene on Sunday, February !>, 1919, at engineers, nat urally interested, pla:red an actiye part in cbanges and 11 o'clock a. m., to consider resolutions in commemoration of corrections. the life, character, and public services of my late colleague, GO\"ERNMEXT .ADVANCED ALL. For t he construction of the River Rouge plant the Navy ad\anced Hon. OLLIE :ll. J'AMES. every penny. According to · Rear Admiral David W. Taylor, Chief of The YICE PRESIDE~T. Without objection, it is so ordered. the Bureau of Construction and Repair of the Navy, the total ex penditure authorized was $3,500,000, and the sums advanced approxi 1~ LEAG"(;"E OF NATIONS FOE PE.iCE. mate that amount. The s te already was owned by Ford. Som~ dredging had to be done, but this was accomplisbed largely at the ~lr. l\lcCU:::\lBER. Mr. President, following tlle usual course expense of the Army. "River " flatters the Rouge ; " creek" is thG . in this Chamber, I wish to gi'\"'e notice that on Saturday, imme more correct designation. For sentimental reasons the River Rouge uiately after the routine morning business, or the first legisla lies close to the heart of Henry Ford. '.rbe district was the one in which he was born and r eared. There Mrs. Ford also was born and tive clay thereafter, if we are not in session on that day, I shall reared, and the Ford home at Dearborn is on the banks of the Rouge. ask permi s~ ion to submit some remarks in support of a league . PLANT CO:\IMEXDED. of nations to enforce the peace of the world and a simple and The main building of the Eagle plant has been highly praised. It practicable method of securing such end; is 1,700 feet long by 350 feet wide, glass inclosed. The method of con struction experimented upon by the Ford Co.-entirely at tbe Gov COST OF EAGLE BOATS. ernment's e-'qlense-differs radically from the accepted methods of ship l\lr. LODGE. l\Ir. Pre ~ ident, I ask to have printetl in the building. The keels of the Eagles are laid upon platforms mounted upon raili'Oad tracks. As one operation Is completed, the platform is REcono two articles from the Daily. Iron Trade, which is })Ub rolled down to the next gang of workmen, in much the same manner as li hcd at CleYelanu, Ohio, in regard to Eagle boats, and that Ford cars arc built. This method of construction necessitates a novel they be referred to the Committee on Naval Affairs. form of launcbing. Completed, the Eagles are rolled out upon wbat in effect is a hydraulic elevator. On this they are let down into the There being no objection, the articles were referred. to the water. This plan was belieYetl by Henry For
house was found to be faulty and inconvenient. There wa ome Still another anglo to the profit lmrdles IIcnry Ford has been jump doubt. too, whether the required speed of 18.5 knots could be met, in~ is the statement of Admiral Griffin to members of the House Com though this fear \vas largely dissipated later. Unusual difficulty nuttee on Nnval Atialrs at Washington that Henry Ford himself waived also ls said to have been encountered in tuning up Eagle-1'8 turbine. all profit; th.at he at first actually <'lid olfer to build them at cost, but The summer was one long vacation for Eagle 1 on tbe Detroit .and that directors of the Ford Motor Co. would not agree to this, The St. Clair Rivers and Lakes St. Clair and Huron, whereas under the Ford Ford Motor Co. is understood popularly to be Henry Ford first last contract she should have been hounding down U-boats on the gther side and always, and that the directo1-s of the company should prevail of the Atlantic. The boasted one-a-day program dwindled and shrank to against Ford himself, especially in a matter on which be hns been so about one a month. Ford workmen found shipbuilding a much more bold und outspoken, is almost unheard of. dlfficult art than •• flivver" building. Most serious of all was their in In spite of all of Henry Ford's writings and hls disclaiming an.v ability to rivet_ Theory and practice proved to be most dis lmllar, and desire for profit, be l a sured 1,200,000 net on the 60 Eagles with as the summer ore -on only sl.:s: more Eagles were dropped into the River wblcb the Navy i going through and 10 per cent profit on the uncom· Rou"e. plet~ portions of the remaining 40. Probably 1,500,000 wlll be the SfX ARE R SHED AWAY. mlnunum profit that will accrue to him. Just how he will r turn this With winter coming on and the St. La~rence threatening to freeze up to the Treasury Department at Washlngton is something Detroit Is any day~ Navy engineers on the ground at Detroit finally sent the tirst most anxious to learn. In the past the Federal Go>ernment bns dis even away. Eagle 11eft the River Houge just one week previous to the tinctly refused all olfers of monetary gifts to the Treasury. As a mat signing of the armistice. She bould have been chasing ubmarine tn ter of fact, there seems to be only one door open to those who would the ea~t Atlantic a minimum of three month , according to the ('()ntract. Teimb~rse the Fede~al Government, and that 1 a contribution to tho Only Eagle 1 received anything like passable trial trips and consequent conSClence fund, corrections; Eagles 2 to 1 were dispatched with most of their ·faults as they wcr launched. Under his contract Henry Ford should ba ve de livered the first by August 1, 10 in August, 20 in 'eptem!Jer, and 25 in !From lbe Daily Iron Trade nnd Metal Market Report, Dec. 26, 1918.] Octob r. His accomplishment instead was a pnltry seven. NAvY TO Tll"D BY J[on.o E.!.GLE PROGRAU, ·THouoa Cosr Is $50,000,000 A a shipbuilder Henry Ford seems to be a fair engine and machinery AXD llETGlt..~ Is NOTIDXG-FArl,UnE OF llE~Y FORD TO '.rURN SHlP maker. The I test official stat ment of the Navy De(>artmt>nt on the BUILDEl! BE· I~G COVERED OVER-BoATS ARE LEAKY AXD 1.'0PHEAlY progres o! the hulls is a of Novem~K-r 1. On that date Eagles 1 to 1 FORD MOTOR CO. PnOFtT 0\"ER 1,500,000-EAGLE·A-DAY SCHEDULB had })e{>n launched; Eagle8 8 to 12, inclusive, wer 75 per cent com :F)zzLE. plett'd; wbUe Eagles 13 to St, inclusive, were from 40 to 60 per cent com plets." N'EV"En JI.A.D A CHA~Clil. to Europe while tlic war lasted. Ford's yard failed to turn out an Whether the Eagles which L'ord undertook 1~ CO!JStruct with. gr~at Eagle that worried one submarine. All four yards were experiments, flourish and blare of trumpets as his chief contl'lbutiOn t~? tho wm~g hastily conceived :llld illy carried out. The sooner the Eagle program of the war are good Ol' poor boats from the standpomt of 4es1gn is abandoned and the unused material sold the less the country's is still a mattet• of opinion. It is fact-not opinion-that the highly financial loss. We are· willing to buy liberty bonds for the prosecution touted Ford organization crumpled when it attempted the boats, and of the war, but not for such a venture as Henry Ford's Eagles." · never gave them a chance to show. . . _ .. KOTIIIXG DUT 1\IILLIO:XS. Bud the late candidate for the Senate hved up to h1s contract, 0.:. ~fillions is the only financial term into which the Eagle boats can be Eagles would have been completed and in commission by December 15. translated. Originally estimated to cost only $275,000, or thereabouts, As a matter of fact, exactly seven had been completed by that date this fig1:rc now has been increased to $400,000. On top of this comes three being in New London, Conn., and four somewhere between De $112,000 each for armament and $20,000 for Henry Ford's profit. Thus troit and New London-and of these seven, six were rushed to the coast the items of profit, cost of hull and machinery and the outlay for leaking and generally incomp~ete to get. them out before ~h~ freeze. .ordnance mount up to $532,000. The changes that1 will have to be Entirely responsible for this astounding delay, after gtvmg due con made on the Atlantic coast before the boats are really ready for service F:iderntion to the handicaps under which a Navy contractor work~, and will easily bring the total up to $550,000 each, it is estimated. The 60 blotting out whatever defects there may have been in design, 1s the thus will stand the Navy Department $33,000,000. Bound to pay the inability of llenry Ford's mechanics to turn themselves into successful Ford Motor Co. actual cost plus 10 per cent on all material and equip shipbuilders On one charge alone-that of riveting-they stand con ment already worked up and completed for the 40 c.'lnc·l'lE'd Eagles, demned. Tbc first .Eagle lenked badly and not until she was electri· the Navy faces another Item that will run up into $10,000,000 or cally welded did she become water-tight. In turbines and auxiliaries $15,000,000 1t 1s believed. Maintenance of machinery aJone wiU stand Henry Ford showed some degree of skill, but in bulls none. And this the Navy $9,000 a year an Eagle. In addition is the pay roll of the at a time when the world's greatest need was for craft for combatins crews of 7 officers and 68 men. And the testimony of reputable Navy the submarine menace! Pepartment officials is that the Eagles are not needed "until .ibe next IS WIXXEl! F.YERY "'.iY. war," and will make prett:,- expensiYe patrol boats! This failure an outstanding one indeed, has not been at llenry Ford's expense. Not 'one penny has he lost, not one penny will he. No matter what the outcome of the Eagle-boat program, eyen be it ~holly aban AXD HEXRY WAS GOIXG TO SHOW Ll' THE I'ROFESSIOXALS. doned to-morrow, his profits stand to run np 1nto the mllllons. On )Ir. Ford has promised to roll an Eagle boat a day i.qto the River every Eagle that is completed the Navy is bound to pay him a minimum Rouge ; to the man who can make 3,000 automobiles a day this ls easy. net profit of $20,000. In event any of the boats are not completed he Merely to catalogue Mr. Ford's activities in war enterprises makes an is to receive actual cost plus 10 per cent. -For the construction of tbe impressive showing. He is building new Eagle boats-has built an Eagle plant on tbe llivcr Rouge, southwest of Detroit, on land owned enormous plant and devised methods of turning out warcraft as fast by Ford the Navy advanced every dollar-$3,o00,000 in round num almost as ·• flivvers" and by identically the same methods. . bet·s. And under his contract Ford ultimately will take ovet· tbls It is a far cry from the Oca1· II to the Eagle boat. magnificent $3,500,000 works at. vh·tually his own figure for the con He was an amateur when he started to build his first car ; it was as struction of barges-provided Jus maritime ardor bas not been suffi an amateur that he tackled tht> problem of build.Jng warships at the ciently dampened-or possibly Fordson tractors. AJl this in the face rate of one a day-the Eagle boats. P1·ofessional statesmen and econo of his -.oluntaril.v unequivocal declaration he would not accept one mists have failed to put an end to the war. Mr. Ford thinks it is time dollar in war profits ! for the amateurs to step in and see what they can do. - All this combined with the Navy's fiat-footed refusal to cut short · When Mr. Ford took a contract from the Navy Department to buil(l Eagle construction looms up as the biggest industl'ial scandal of the 200 two hundred-foot Eagle boats and get them all into the water in war Detroit's largest business and industrial interests firmly believe. a year he tackled another job that all the professionals . in that line We1:e the war still on and the Huns' submarine still polluting the seas1 said couldn't be done. • ~ " The whole scheme and method of con Ford's nonperformance would be accepted as one of the fortunes o:r struction, the -llant and its equi_pment are exactly what some Imagina war. But when the Navy insists upon adhering to a type of boat that tive am~teur striving for perfection of detail and efficiency might b-olds goo(!. It ""oul solYe itself, although I do think the Interstate Commerce Com Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. President, I have understoocl mission's jurisdiction oYer telephone, telegraph, and cable sys that the Committee on Military Affairs already has authority tems should be extended to naming the conditions under which to make an investigation of this kind under a resolution here capital should be issued, stock and bonds, and the fixing of tofore adopted by the Senate. The Senator from Indiana. is a rates of cable line ·, as well as the telephone and telegraph. sys member of that committee and will know better about it than tems. Those subjects are going to be investigated, so far as the I do. This war has not officially ceased, and that committee has railways are concerned, by the Interstate Commerce Committee; been investigating, from a military standpoint, many different and many of the questions are exactly the saiL-e, as they apply matters in connection with the conduct of the war. It seems to the telephone, telegraph, and cable companies. But as the to me that under the re olution under which it lw.s been acting · objection has been made, I ask that the resolution may go over heretofore it could also act in this matter. until to-morrow. Mr. NEW. Mr. President, it is true that tile Committee on Mr. WATSON. I ·wish to ask the Senator a question. Military·. -~ffairs has a sort of blanket authority which may 1\fr. KELLOGG. I yield. cover th1s case. However, I do not know positively that it Mr. WATSON. Along the line of. hi last rem.ark, does not does cover it, and for fear it does not I think it well to have a the Senator recognize there are vast differences presented by specific resolution covering this question. For that reason I the question? The railroads, for instance, we all know will not have offered the resolution. go back to privnte ownership as they were before they were The VICE PRESIDENT. There being obj ction, the resolu- taken over by the Government; but, on the other hand, cables tion goes over under the rule. · and telegraphs and telephone systems require no legislation to be handed back and in all human probability ought to be given WAR EXPEND!TUll E S. back just as they were before they were taken over. The two l\Ir. JO~ES of New Mexico. Mr. President, on the night of questions present entirely different angles for the consideration December 23, I believe it was, when the discu ion was being not only of the committee but of the Senate. I am on botu com concluded upon the revenue bill, the senior Senator from Wis mittees, so far as that is concerned, and I do not particularly consin [1\Ir. LA FoLLETTE] delivered a very able and instruc care. I believe that if the resolution goes to the Committee on tive addres . During the delh·ery of the address a · colloquy Interstate Commerce it will not be acted upon, and I believe also was entered into bet\Teen the distinguished Senator and my that if it goes before the Post Office Committee it will be. acted self, and it developed that there was not a full understanding upon, and what I desire is action, because I think these lines between u regarding certain expenditures of the Government. should be turned back to private ownership at the earlie t pos The figures as gi•en to the RECORD at that time were so at sible date. variance and, to my mind, of such importance that I think it l\Ir. KELLOGG. I ask that the resolution go over. advisable some explanation should be made at this time. The VICE PRESIDENT. The resolution will lie over and be The Senator from Wisconsin was discus ing the expendi printed. tures of the pa t with respect to what '""·ouhl probably be the AMERICAN FORCES AT BREST, FUANCE. expenditures henceforth, and i know that I \1'as greatly im 1\lr. NEW. Mr. President, I am going to indulge the hope pressed with the figures he gave for · the reason that they indi that the Senator from Minnesota. [l\Ir. KELLoGG] will withdraw catecl that the expenditures would not materially decrease fot· his objection to the imlbediate consideration of the resolution some time to come, aud that tho. e expenditures were much which I offered a fevi' minutes ago, as I would like to make a larger than I had been led to belieYe t11ey were. The SenatoL" Jittle statement about it. said-I quote from near the bottom of page 824 of the CoN Mr. KELLOGG. I withdraw the objection. I did not under onEssro ~ AL RECORD: stand that I was objecting to the Senator's resolution. I ob In the fiscal year ending July 1, HllG. before we cnl"ere 1\fr. "WEEKS. Mr. President-- authorization to use it for other pttrposes than f01.- which it was The VICE PRESIDENT. Does the Senator from New Mexico appropriated, or, in other words, it was made tr"ansferable. ;yield? There are' some $7,000,000,000 appropriated more than will be Mr. J.ONES of New Mexico. I yield to the Senator. used by that department for the present fiscal year, and the 1\Ir. WEEKS. I want to make inquiry abbut what subject we department could, if transferable, use a part of the money to nre now on. · purchase the cantonments. The VICE PRESIDENT. We are on general resolutions now. Mr. MARTI..i~ of Virginia. My contention is that such authore Mr. JONES of New Mexico. I will say to the Senator that I ization would not go to that extent. I know it was not tlie in am going to conclude in just a minute. tention of the committee to confer any.such power as that, and · Mr. ·wEEKS. If the Senator is going to bring up the entire I do not think a close reading of the aCt will disclose any such discussion-- authority. Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Uh, no; not at all. I simply 1\Ir. SMOOT. I was of the same opinion as is the Senator want to get the RECORD straightened s0 far as it· pertains to from Virginia, but when the question of appropriating came up 1·e:ferences to expenditures as made on the night of the previous before the Finance Committee as to the amount of contracts discussion. I · shall not require more than a minute. or two which could be annulled the Secretary of War, as well as Gen. longer. Lo_rd, made the statement that there was a provision in an Mr. WEEKS. Very well. appropriation bill authorizing the War Department to use the Mr. JONES of New Mexico. The statement of the Secretary money that was appropriated for a specific purpose, if not ex:- of the Treasury continues : . pended for that purpose, to be transferred to the credit of an A aimilar a.nalysis of the table of revised receipts and expenditures . other account within the department. for !Jle fiscal year 1918 shows that, exclusive of transactions in the .Mr. MARTIN of Virginia. But those were for war purposes ; publlc debt. the receipts of the year were $4,180,425,155.99 and expenditures for the year $13,196,071,287.40. the war has ended, and it woUld be the grosse.st violation of ·. That discloses the reason which brought about the discrepancy good faith if the Secretary of War should take those moneys in the :figures which the Senator from Wisconsin and I had in and expend them to the extent of $500,000,000 to buy these can· mind. I think it is wise at this juncture to call attention to the tonment~. I can not conceive it to be possible. I know nothing $Ume state of affairs which will be disclosed upon an examina of the sort was intended, and I do not believe it could be legiti· tion of those statistics with reference to the experience follow tnately done under any provision of law which has been- re ing the other wars referred to by the Senator from Wisconsin. ported from the Committee on Appropriations. The Senator gives exactly the total disbursements of the Treas l\1r. S~.IOOT. I hope the Senator's contention is correct, but ury Department for those years, but he does not make any ref I simply made the statement I did to the Senator from Idaho, erence to the amount of disbursements which were malle on because of what occurred in the Finance Committee and the account of debt transactions, and while, of course, the Senator statement that was there made in relation to any specific appro· was perfectly right, as I believe, in insisting ·that the war ex priation which had been made for the use of the War Depart penses did not all cease with the signing of the peace treaty, yet ment. I am inclined to believe that sufficient emphasis was not given · Mr. BORAH. Mr. President, I infer from the statement of the to the question of public-debt transactions. . Secretary of War that he himself understands that legislation I notice in these statistics-ldid not read the figures-that may be necessary, although that is simply an-inference; it is :(ollowing the Civil War, in 1866, about one-half of those total not a statement clearly made on the part of the Secretary. expenditures were on account of public-debt transactions; and I am very glad, indeed1 to have the vigorous and incisive so I think the real situation can not be understood without an statement of the Senator from Virginia [Mr. MARTIN] that no analysts of the :figures with reference to the public-debt transac such authority, in his opinion, exists. I desire to say that if by tions. any latitudinous construction such authority should be conferred," Mr. LA FOLLETTE. Mr. President, if I may be permitted, I trust the Secretary of War will permit Congress to pass upon . I desire to say just a word, interrupting the morning business that program before it is initiated. It is a matter of lasting and only for a moment. vital moment, and if any such authority has been given it has I shall be glad to take the criticism of the Senator from New beep _given under the supposition that it would be used during Mexico of my figures and to make some further investigation, the Wl;ll' and not after the war has ended. I hope Congress will and when opportunity offers for a somewhat more extended re be pe:rmitted to pass upon the program before its adoption. ply than I could make at this time without interrupting the Mr. KING. Mr. President, will the Senator from Idaho yield morning business I shall a vail myself of such opportunity to to me? make it. Mr. BORAH. Yes. , Mr. JONES of New Mexico. Mr. President~ I merely desire Mr. KING. Does the Senator from Idaho know whether ot• to remark that I have not made these statements for the pur not all of th~e cantonments have been erected upon private pose of criticizing the Senator from Wisconsin, for we all know land? I was under the impression that most of the Cf1ntonments, that in our labors in the committees and here in the Chamber if not all, had been erected upon land the title to which had we can not keep everything in mind. The Senator, I think, was been ·secured by the Government. It seems fo me that if all perfectly justified in taking the total of all disbursements in these cantonmentS have been erected upon private land it was a the w~y in which he did ; but it seems to me that, by doing so, very unwise and a very imprudent thing to do. perhaps a w~ong impression would be obtained. The Senator, Mr~ BORAH. I am unable to answer the question · of the of course, .knows that-I would not in a spirit of criticism refer Senator from Utah. to his address. I know that he is · one of the most diligent, _ Mr. JONES of Washington. Mr. .Presi(lent, I think I can _energetic, and able Senators we have in this body. answer the question of th.e Senator from Utah [1.\fr. KING]. l\Iy understanding is that. there is only one cantonment which is PROPOSED PURCHASE OF CANTONMENTS. I~cated upon land wh~ch is owned by the Govern~ent, and that Mr. BORAH. Mt·. President, I understand that the Senator is at Camp Lewis, where the land was dona ted to the Govern from Massachusetts [Mr. ·wEEKS] and the Senator ·from Illi ment· by Pierce County, in my State. nois [Mr. LEWIS} desire to address the Senate in a few minutes, 1\Ir. E;IR~Y. Mr. President, the Senator from Washington •and I shall detain the Senate but a moment. . is ce1·tainly misinformed in regard to that proposition, for Camp I see by the p-ublic press that the able Secretary of War is Pike, in -Arkansas, consisting of 3,000 acres of land, was donated disposed to purchase all of the cantonments, to.· enlarge the to the Government for the location of a camp by the people of sites, and to extend the military program and maintain it, as Arkansas, at a cost of $350,000. • it 'vere, at the war standard. I do not desire to discuss that So far as the other matter is concerned, I . desire to say that I l:llatter at this timet but I should like to ask the able chairman know as to some of the appropriations that have been made, and of the C~mm.ittee on Appropriations, the Senator from Virginia I do not ·think it is the pui-pose of the War Department to pur (~:11\ MARTIN], wheth~r or not there n.re now any :funds avail chase $500,000,000 worth of cantonments without submitting the able to the Secretary of War ottt of which the purchase of these ma.tter to Congress and without giving us a view of wliat the cantonments can be made, or wlll legislation be necessary before program is from now on as to what is and wha.t shall be, and such funds can be provided? taking the judgment of Congress and getting authority to do the 1\lr. MARTIN of Virginia. 1\II'. Pre.sidE.ht, I feel very sure that things that must necessarily be done. legislation will be necessary before that can be done. I know · The VICE PRESIDENT. If there be no further concm·rent positively that no legislation has been reported ·from the Com or other resolutions, the morning business is closed. mittee on Appropriations making available any such fund. · 1\fi'. S.MOOT. l\Ir. President, I desil·e to call the attention 9f WAR CASUALTY LISTS. the Senator from Virginia to the fact that in nn appropriation · :Mr~ "WEEKS. 1\Ir. President, the distinguished Senator from biB ar:propriating money for the ·war Department there was an Illinois [Mr. LEwis] had announced that he would address the 94Q ' .CQNG~ESSION AL RECORD-SENATE. JANUABY 2, Senate after tlw close of morning business to-day, but he has American names over ·French lines the 'courier system was courteously yi_eldcd to me to discuss briefly the casualty lists, adopted for this purpose, and it . required an average of 4.3G or an investigation wllich w:is made of them by the Committee days for the lists to reach the central records office in Paris. on :Military Afl"airs. I wish to say to those who have come par- There then took place another (!hecking . up of recor~s, as a ticularly to bear the Senator from Illinois discuss the great result of which the average time the name remained in the question3 "·llich he contemplates doing that my remarks will central records office was 7 days, or a total of 22 days from the IJc brief a DLl there will soon be an .opportunity to hear him. ~ime the casualty occurred to the tim·e the IHtrne was put ou l\It·. President, for several months there has been au increas- . the cable and. sent to the United States. ing volume of complaints Of the delay ·in publishing casualty · tn 'the case of wounded men, this time was materially re: lists. Not only the 'Var Department but Senators and Repre- duced, because the man was immediately takeu to a hospital scntatiYes have been communicated with and appealed. to in a and the time required to investigate his case was shortened.; great JJumber . of individual cases,. many of -w~ich "·ere . of a so that th~ av~rage time required for transmitting all reports most distressing character, and these complamts became so of casualties to the central office and their examination there numerous that1 it seemed to be the duty of the l\'lilitary Affairs this including those killed on the field of battle, those ·who died Commlttec of the Senate to give the subject consideration. in !J.o~pitals, and. -the injured in hospitals~aggregated 18! duys There is some difference of opinion as to the ad,,isabllity of before the name was cabled to the United States. . considering such matters at a time when pr~ctically \ery little It seems to follow without argmuent that if. there bad not prnt:tical result can accrue. It takes the nature of a post- been delay in · completing return~, by either the company or i:nortem and requil·es the attention and time of Senators, who regimental officers taking time to ~heck up every case that l.mdoubtedly are fully occupied in other matters; and yet my oc~urred during a battle, much greater expedition would · have own belief is that uJl such matters should be fully investigated resulted. The natural course followed at the end of each day not only to _determine the justification for the complaints '1\·hich was for the company commander to at once report the number ha\e been made, but to demonstrate what should not be done of casualties in his company, so that the divisional commandet· in dealing with such problems in the event the country ever would know just how many men he needed as replacements for becomes engage(} in another war. the following day. This report was immediately followed by the The Committee· on l\Iilitary Affairs finally decidell to take up names of those killed and wounded. In most cases these this question, and hel.d its first hearing on the 3d. of December. reports could haYe been made in a \ery short time if delay had There appeared befQre the committee the Secretary of 'Var; hot occurred in trying to check up .every individual doubtful tlle Chief of Staq; Ron. :F'rederick P. Keppel, Third Assistant case-. Secretary of War; The Adjutant General, accompanied by Q. He bas reported 265,000 casualties. Have you that entire numbe;:o cable sent. As a matter of fact, an answer to tbis cable was returned in J'OUr ofilce ?-A. I have not. to the War Department, and it bad been l_ying there for 15 days when Q. Have you anywhere seen the total number?-A. We get every few the request was made fo1· further information. days a large package of these courier reports. Gen. Pershing is now re The War Department then found the answer to the first cable, which porting all casualties. said that Dockendor:t was wounded on August 6. Mrs; Wilson's secre tary then telephoned to me asking me to cable, and I told her that . we If the answers given to these inquiries enlightens anyone they had a record of the man's grave. We had already cabled, asking to will serve a purpose they failed to do in the case of the com have the death verified, but bad received no answer to the cable. 1\lrs. mittee. Evidently bunches of courier reports are coming in Wilson's secretary said that I ought to write to Mrs. Melchert, rules or no rules, and I dld so on November 21. I did not write the wife, as I every few days, and yet, with 1,500 clerks, it is impossible so to thought the sistel' could tell her more klndly. For some reason the check these up that The Adjutant General could guess whether slstel' did not tell Mrs. Dockendorf, who wrote me again on December there were ten or fifty thousand of those names not reported·; 3 and I then wrote her all the facts I bad. l\Iy office in Paris has sfnce confirmed the location of the' grave, which is registered wlth the but that there are a great many is quite clear from a statement Graves Registration Bureau, and is endeavoring to get some details of made by Mr. Castle. death. The case is a characteristic one. 1\fr. Castle stated in a letter to me that " Hospital reports One of the sadqest cases brought to my attention is that of a dated from September 15 to October 12 were given me on No man in Pennsylvania, who telephoned me on the 1st day of De vember 26. I did not know whether it would be worth while to cember that his brother was wounded on the 8th of October and have the names carded, but, as an experiment, set some girls to take~ to a hospital in Paris-he named the hospital-and that work. In the first 1,660 names carded I found only 60 which had he had died on the llt)l of that month. This information came to been officially reported. Naturally I did not take all the names him through a letter written by the man's nurse to his mother, on the list, but only those who had been wounded or were very the letter being written on the 14th of October and r~ceived seriously ill. The rest were not worth carding at all. Of the November 11. l\Iy informant then ·wired The Adjutant General 60 reported, 43 were reported as dead, never having been re three times for information, but received no reply to any one ported as wounded at all." In other words, there were a large of his three telegrams. He then asked Ius. Congressman to number of hospital reports, all dated between the middle of Sep, make inquiries, which the 1atter did, and was informed by The tember and the middle of October, and evidently received within Adjutant General's Office that" it would take three weeks to get two weeks of that time, because the courier would require that a reply. This statement was made notwithstanding the fa,ct time to bring them over, and only 4 per cent of them had been that in many instances the War Department has cabled for in given to the public or to the families of those interested before formation for others and obtained an answer within a week's November 26. time. In this case, it will be noted that the man was wounded It is not practicable to include in the REcoRD many of the on the 8th of October, taken to a well-known hospital in Paris, hundreds of instances which have come to the attention of where he died on the 11th of October, and yet his family could Senators relating to this maladministration, but I want to give obtain no information from the War Department as late as the a few as an indication that they really exist. There was pub 6th of December. On the 16th of December I t~eceived a com lished in the Boston Transcript of December 8 the case of Pvt. . munication from this gentleman, who had called me on the Frank ·w. Coppinger, who was wounded on July 18 and who telephone in reference to his brother, to say that his brother-in had been at a base hospital in France. His family heard from law had not been heard from for near1y two months nnd that him direct about the middle of November, although the infor there had been great anxiety in the family over his case, and mation was not sent from the War Department until a day or the young wife of this soldier was so tremendously upset by the two before the 8th of December. When asked about this caie, failure to get information about her husband that on the day Gen. Harris replied : previous she had committed suicide. The following day, or the I suppose the report in that particular case was either misplaced or day this letter was written to me, information was received lost. That is the only explanation I c~uld give. that this man had been killed in action two months before. Another case was instanced at the hearing of a man who It may be claimed that the real duty of the War Department died at a base hospital at Liverpool, England. Reports were and of our Army was to win the war, and no one can success received-by the parents of the man's death direct from a mem fully gainsay that statement. Moreover, our troops have con ber of his command about November 1, the information evi ducted themselves in this first requirement in a manner quite dently going through two hands on the way, which caused some equal to our fondest expectations; but, in addition to this re delay, and a Senator was asked to corroborate the information. quirement, it was the duty of the War Department to keep He requested the facts from the 'Var Department 10 days before stimulated not only the morale of the Army but the mot;ale our hearing commenced-December 3-but had received no reply of the people at home, especially of the families of those serv from the department on that date. In other :words, a man had ing on the other side, and to prevent as far as possible un died in a well-known hospital, certainly as eal'ly as the 1st of necessary distress and apprehension. You can not read the November, and in the early part of December the 'Var Depart papers, or the numerous letters, or the testimony given at the ment was unable to furnish information relative to the case to hearing of the Senate Committee on Military Affairs on this an inquiring Senator within 10 days. subject without coming to the conclusion that there has been On December 8 the ·washington Post publisheu this case-and a failure on the part of the War Department to meet this I am taking these cases out of a large number which have been requirement. Every Senator will tmdoubtedly corroborate the fu1·nished me-of Charles N. Fant, a resident of this city and a correctness of this conclusion. I do not say this from a desire member of the One hundred and twenty-first Machine Gun Bat to be critical, but I do believe that, having made an exam talion. He had been reported missing in action since October 4, ination of the conditions surrounding this activity, it is the and it required more than two months to get that information to duty of some one to put on record the result of that investi the family of the _missing man. Literally hundreds of cases of gation and to call attention to the reasons for the failure of this that kind might be instanced. branch of our military service, a failure which· has caused December 12·I received an inquiry .from Cicero, Ill., made by unnecessary mental suffering and anxiety on the part of many Mrs. Elizabeth Melchert, which I will not read-it is much too of our peoJ?le. long for that-but which requested information about Sergt. MJ·. LEWIS. Mr. President-- Fred A. Dockendorf, Company K, Fifty-eighth Infantry, Fourth The PRESIDING OFFICER (1\lr. KE~-nRICK in the chair). Division. She stated that he was wounded August 6, degree The Senator from Illinois. undetermined. Since that information was furnished the family Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. President-- nothing had been . heard from the Government, although mem Mr. LEWIS. I yield to the Senator from Oregon. bers of the family had written constantly making inquiries. I 1\fr. CHAMBERLAIN. I suggest the absence of a quorum. asked the Red Cross for information in this case and received The PRESIDING OFFICER. The absence of a quorum is the following reply : suggested. The Secretary will call the roll. · Here is the history of the Dockendorf case, so far as I know it: On The Secretary called the roll, and the follQwing Senators an September 20 we received a letter from Mrs. Dockendorf saying that on August 31 she bad received a telegram from the War Department that swered to their names: her husband had been wounded on August 6 and asked us to get details. Bankhead. Johnson, Cal. McLean. Smith, Ariz. We answered on September 21 that we would inquire in Paris, and Beckham. J ohnSOf!.J S. Dak. McNary. Smith, Md. wrote again on September 27 that as no further news bad been re Borah. .Jones, l'i. Mex. Martin, Ky. Spencer. ceived it was probable that Dockendorf was getting on all . right. In Calder. .Tones, Wash. New. Sterling. October we received in our Paris mall a. list of graves, and among them Chamberlain. Kellogg. Norris. Sutherland. was that of Frederick Aloysius Dockendorf. We did not write his wife, Culberson. Kendrick. Nugent. Thomas. because we had no other facts and because, in any case, we were not Cummins. Kenyon. Overman. Trammell. allowed to do so. We did inform The Adjutant General of those names Dlllingbam. King. Phelan. Underwood. that had not been officially reported and asked him to make the notices Fletcher. La Follette. Poindexter. Vardaman. official. He did nothing about it. We bad more correspondflnce with Frelingbuysen. Lenroot. Pomerene. Watson. other members of the Dockendorf family, particularly the sister, Mrs. Hale. . Lewis. Ransdell. Weeks. Melchert. She also wrote a pathetic letter to Mrs. Wilson, who bad Henderson. Lodge. Saulsbury. The Adjutant General telegraph. The answer came 1n the course o! Hitchcock. McCumber. Shafrotb. ti~e, but was not given Mrs. Wilson until she asked to have another Hollis. McKellar. Sheppard. 944 {JDNGRESSION AL RECORD- . liiOUSE. JANUARY ·2, Ml:. McKELLAR. I announce the absence of.my colleague ; THE REVENUE. TMr. .S-HIELDs] on account of illness. I .Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. ·Speaker, I present the foJ I l\Ir. SUTHERLAND. 1 announce the absence of·my colleague · lowingJ)riVI1eged report (No. 882) from the Committee on Rules. :l[Mr. GoFF] on account of illness. . · , The Clerk read as follows :. . . The PRESIDING OFFlCER. Fifty-three ~enators having House resolution 488. answered to their names, there is a quorum present. Resolved, That the blll (H. R. 12863) eptitled ".An act to ~rovide . .,. • A Tevenue, and for other purposes," be and hereby is taken from the 1' L>!...,.,GUE OF N TIONS. : Sp_eaker's table wltb the Senate amendinents thereto, to the end that the ,. Mr LEWIS dd d tl S t A-4't 11 . . k fo sald amendments be, and hereby are, disagreed to and the conference · a resse 1e · ena e. ..n..L er avrng spO' ·en · r requested by t~e Senate on the disagreeing votes on said amendments ~bout two hours, he said : . ' be, and .hereby 1s, agreed to, and the .Speaker shall immediately appoint 1 Mr. President, at tJ¥8 point, unless there is -some reason that the conferees. 1Senators have to the contrary, I . should like to yield to the ~· GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Sp~aker, the purpose ·of 1 suggestion made to me by . ~ Senator that th~e sl;lall be an this ru1e is to take from ·the Speaker's table the revenue bill and adjournment of the body. I sl10uld like to yield to such a sug- s~nd it to conference. 1 think that all gentlemen appreciate the ; gestion, unless it conflicts with some other .arrangement, and necessity of this bill entering upon this stage of its consideration , _continu~ my presentation to-morrow. . at the earliest possible moment. The people of the country who I 1\Ir. THOMAS. Mr. President, I gave notice last week that I -are to pay the taxes that are to' be raised by this bill are en- 1 would address the Senate upon this subject to-morrow, asSuniing titled to know at the very earliest moment precisely what they that the Senator from Illinois would finish to-day. . are to pay, and how they are to pay it. We an realize that this ~ Mr. LEWIS. It will hardly take me 30 minutes to-morrow. bill mu~t eventually go to conference, and in justice to the tax- 1 Mr. THOMAS. I am, .however, willing to accede to the re- payers of this country it seems desirable that it should go to quest of the Senator, with the understanding that my notice conference .:at the earliest possible ·moment. Therefore the 'Com- ' stands. · mittee on· Rules has unanimously agreed on the resolution which t Mr. LEWIS. 1\lr. President, I want to say to the. Senator I have just presented. that it is for the accommodation of other Senators that I yielqed, Mr. ~- Will the gentleman yield? 1.knowing that the Senator would do likewise. The ti!Ile I shall Mr. GARRETT of ·Tennessee. For a question. occupy to-morrow 1 think will be quite limited. I appreciate Mr. MANN. On Monday last the gentleman from North Caro- the courtesy of Senators. lina [Mr. KITCHIN], asked unanimous consent to send this bill 1 · 'ADJOUR-NMENT ~ .,. ·- '7 r:;;; to conference, and he gave to ·the House certain assurances with ~ • • • l. • • T~ference to the child-labor amendment, No. 546; the prohibi- f 1\fr. :MARTIN of V1rg1ma. I move that the Senate adjourn. . tlon amendment, No. 600; and the campaign-contribution amend.. 1 • Th~ motion was agreed to ; and (at 3 o'clock and 55 minutes · ment, No. 222. I respectfully ask the gentleman from Ten- . p. m) the Senate adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, January 8, nessee to yield to the gentleman from North Carolina to state 1919, at 12 o'clock m~idia.?· . . w.hether f:!le statement which he made on Monday last concern- ing the bill, lf it goes to conference, as to these amendments, still holds good. HOUSE ·OF REPRESENTATIVES.. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. :If the -gentleman from North Carolina desires me to yield I will do so. . · THURSDAY, J anuatry 93, 1919. Mr. KITCHIN. I would like to say that I wlll make tM same assurances. I discussed it on Monday with several gentlemen Tile House met at 12 o'clock noon. / after we adjourned, and they said that if I made tlie same as ( The Rev. John Murray Atwood, D. D., dean of the Theological surances they would be glad to support this rule. Department, St. Lawrence U.nive.rsity, Canton, N. Y., offered the Mr. CAMPBELL :of Kansas. Will the gentleman yield? following prayer : Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. For a question. 1 God of our fathers, Father of us and of all men, Thou who .Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. Does the gentleman Intend to ba:st wondrously in the year that has just pasS€d unified •the give time for the discussion of this t:ule? 'diverse people of this great Nation with a new, finer, .more intelli .Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I thought I had ·really saiu . gent spirit of loyalty~ devotion, and generous service, who hast all that was necessary to be said on the subject, in connection armed our armies with the might of conscious right to vanquish with. the remarks made by the gentleman from North Carolina: the tyrant oppressor in his -power and pride, who hast enabled ln -o~her words, I thought I .had exhausted the whole subject. our soldier boys by their unconscious heroism, our citizens by !Laughter.] Still I will _yield to the gentleman for a further 'their generous service, to enrich our national life with the new question. and yet ever old standards of ·patriotism and public spirit, with Mr. CAMPBELL of Kansas. I have a demand for time to llis 'grateful hearts .we would lift ourselves to that height, that cuss the rule. Heaven, where Thou art always found, and make Thy strength Mr. .MADDEN . Will the gentleman yield, and permit me to 1 and Thy spirit our own. In this year upon which we are enter ask the gentleman from North Carolina a question? ing, presenting grave problems, involving momentous lssues, ·in Mr. GARRETT of ll'ennessee. Does the gentleman from North i:which our every act as public ·servants is fraught with-deep Carolina desire me to yield? significance to the Nation and the world, may we -remember Mr. KITCHIN. I would not care if the gentleman from Ten ; that always ·upon ·these uplands of noble sentiment and high re nessee refused because 1 do not know what the question of the solve there is power, Thy ppwer, 0 God, .available and free 'to gentleman from illinois is. nll, not known upon the lower levels, so that none of us ·need Mr. MADDEN. The question I am going to ask the gentleman be weak or play but other than ·a worthy part. will not embarrass the sit}lation. And as we take up our daily task may we rely upon Thy Mr. GARRETT o.f Tennessee. I yield for a question, ·but not strength, may we take. counsel by means of tmselfish aid and for debate. large conception of p.ublic duty of Thy -spirit, ·and so both faith Mr. ·MADDEN. I want to :ask the gentleman from North . fully and humbly do Thy will, to enable this great Nation to Carolina if he ·has any :views with lespect to the attitude of ·fulfill its mission both to its own people and to all mankind. the House conferees on the amendiDent of the Senate which Amen. strikes out the House provision imposing a tax on clothing, The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and ap articles of utility, and household articles., w.here the price of the article is over $20. proved. Mr. KITCHIN. ·1 do not know how the House conferees LEAVE OF :ABSENCE. feel about it, but if I was going to make a guess I should think The following leave of absence was granted by unanimous it would be-very easy to convince the House conferees that thnt consent: probably is a wise ame~dment. To Mr. CANDLER of l\IississtJ>pi, until 1\Io.nday, on account of :'M:c. MADDEN. 'That the Senate amendment is wise? important business. .Mr. KITCHIN. Yes; but I .could not give the gentleman -any To l\1r. OooPER of West Virginia, fur one week, beginning assurance of that. Thursday, January 2, on account of important business. Mr. RANDALL.. Will the gentleman from Tennessee y.ield to To Mr. .BRANn, for five days, on account of illness. the gentleman from North Carolina that I may ask him a ques- \ To Mr. QmN, indefinitely, on account of sickness in his family. tion1 . To Mr. BLACK, for five days, .on account of illness. Mr~ GARRETT of Tennessee. Does the gentleman 1rom To Mr. Do:umicK, for three days, on account of important North ·Darolina desire me to yield? business. Mr. KITCHIN. Yes; 'but I hope this will be the .last. one. 1919. . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 945 1\Ir. RANDALL. In view of the statement of the gentleman can get some recompense for the wrong th~ t has been done trom North Oar~lina, notwithstanding the adoption of the. rule._ them. the coD.terees wm not understand: that: it is the. desire of: tb0 Mr. POU. l\Ir. Speaker, I wlll stare to the gentleman that House for them to nonconcur in amendment 6001 there- was a hearing-bad before the Committee on Rules which Ir. KITCHIN. Oh, no. just came from the ·printer ye~te.rday, whicb has been dis- 1\lr. GARRETT of Tenne sro. Mr~ Speaker, I move the p1·e- ttibuted very generally amon~ the Members of the House. It vious question. was at first the intention oi the Committee_on Rnles to present The que tion was taken, and the previous questio:1 was the rule to-day, but tt was suggested that.- inasmuch as there ordered.. were gentlemen_who. wanted to- :read the hearings and also prob- The PEAKER. The c1ue tion is on agreeing to the reselu- ably the hearings before the Co-mmittee on• Military A:tl'airs tion. it would be better to defer pre-senting· tbe matter to the House The r('Solutio.n was agxeed to. until to--morrow. The Chair announced the following conferee . ~ _ Mr. KITcHIN,_ - Mr. COOPER or- Wisconsin.. Will the matter be p-resented tMr. HENn~ T. RAlNEY, 1\!r. DIXoN, Mr. ~ORDNEY, ll\lr. Moo-n__ . to.morrow?- oi Pennsylvania. Mr. POU. I think so. l\fr. COOPER of Wi cousin. The gentleman is chairman of IUY~ AND H.ARBOR APPROPRIATION BILl;. the Committee- on Rules, and the committee- has taken definite 1\Ir. SMA.LL. Mr, Speaker, I 'move that the House resolve_ action on the rule. Is there :no understanding as to when the ~ itself into the Committee of tbe Wbole Hnuse on.. tbe state.. o:r t:llle will be- pre ented? t the Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. 13462) mak- Mr. POU. I had a- tnlk with the gentleman from Kansas 1ing appropriations. foo.· the construction, re-pair, and preserva- [Mr. CAMPBELL], who is the r:mking Republican member of the tlon of certain public works on rivers and harbors, und for Collllllittee on Rules, and in so fw;- as he and I can have any I 'Qtber purpo es. :Pendii\.15 that mo-tion I ask the attention of sa.y in the mattel' the rule will be presented to the House f th.e gentleman from Iowa [Mr. KE-NEDY] to see it' we- can not to.morrow. have some agreement witb respect to time of general debnte. 1\lr. COOPER of 'Visconsin. 1\lr. Speaker, 1i would say just 1 Mr. KENNEDl: of Iowa. 1\Ii". Speaker, what does the- gentle- one word more to tbe gentleman :from North Carolina. Con- mao suggest? stituents of' mine have hall their land taken from them, land f Mr. SMALL. On this side there are requests for an aggre- on wbich they did not even give an option, som-e of them. ·gate of o-nly two hours. I do. not know that tlmt time will all They were turned ad.rift and they went and made contracts for I be consumed. How wo-uld four hours do? the purchase of other land. They han~ not 1·eceived: a cent for Mr. KENNEDY of Iowa. I btrve requests totaling 2 hours the land which was taken from them by the Government, and an<-1 40 minutes. they have no way- to. meet their contract obligations. .An ex:- Mr, :MADDEN. 1\f.r-. Speaket·, I will say to the gentleman ceedingly great wrong ha.s been done them. from Nol'tb Carolina, if I may inject myself into this matter, l\Ir. POU. The Committee on Rule cei'tainly has ne· purpo e !that I shall object to anything-less than about eight hours.· A to atte-mpt to delay the- matter, but it was· thought by tbe gen t lot of p_eople- here dt>sire to talk about some matters, and I am . tleman from Kansas_ and my elf -that p1robubly it would be f going to insist that they bave tll.e oppol·tuRity. better, in the interest of time, to gtv-e- the Membe~·,s an opuor • MI.~. Sl\1ALL. May, I suggest to the gentleman from. Illinois tunity to read the hearings, 1 that it on this side- we have requests for, only 2 hours and on The SPEAKER. Is the-re objectio-n to th,e-. request of the gen- l the other fur 2. bout'S and 40 minutes, that we ought to be able tleman from No.rth Carolina? to agree on a time not exceeding 4 hours nnd 40 minutes. l\Ir. MANN~ Did the gentle-m-::m's request proviUe for the coa- 1\fr. :MADDEN. That would not do at all, as I understand it. trol of the time? 1r ant some time on the bill, and the gentleman from Iowa 1\fr. SMALL. Yes. The time to be- equanr divided between : [Mr. .KX.NNEDY] has already committed himself to the disposi- tne gentleman fr-om fowa (1\Ir. KENNEDY} and my elf•. tion ot_ all of the time that lle has. Th~ SPEAKER. Is- there objection? 1\fl·. SMALL. How: much time does the gentleman from lUi~ There was no objection. nois desire? The SPEAKER. The question is on agreeing to the motto~ lUr. MADDEN Th,lrty minutes. that the House resolve itself into the Committee o:t the Whole Mr. KENNEDY of Iowa. Mr. Speal\:er, permit me to- suggest House on the state of the Union for the- consillerotiou ot the to tbe gentleman from North Carolina that we run along dul."ing river- and harbor- approp:ri-atien bill. , the da..v with general debate. and tll._at then we ean probably The motion was agreed to. come to some agreement in respect to closing it this evening. Accordingly the House re olved itself into the- Committee of l\Ir. Sl\lALL. It we could agree uuon it now, it would be. the Whole House on the state of the Union for the consideration much better. I would suggest not exceeding fh~e hours.. of the river and harbor appropriation bill, with Mr. BYR:xs at 1 l\1r. KENNEDY of Iowa. That is satisfactory. Temres ee in the chair~ 1· Mr ~ MADDEN. May I have 30 minutes of that? The CHAIRMAN The Clerk will re[IOJ.'t tbe hill. L Mr. SMALL, Yes. The Clerk read as follows: , The SPEAKER.. The question is on the- motion of the gentle,. A bill (H. R. 13462) making appropriatlons for the construction, mnn tto.m North Carolina. that the House resolve itself into, repail', and preseT-Yation ot certain public works on rivers and harbm:s, :the Committea of the Whole House on the state of the Union fol" and for- other ];!urp.o.ses. the consideration of the- bill H. R. 13462, and pending that the l\Ir. SMALL. m. Chairman r ask unanimous consent that tlio gentleman asks unanimou · consent that debate be confined to first reading of the bill be dispensed with. !five hours. The CHAIR~IAN Is there objection? [After a pause.] The 1\Ir. SMALL. Unless general debate should be concluded Chair .hears none. Under the order of the House the Chair .earlier. understands that general debate ha been limited to five houJts, 1 The SPEAKER. Unless general debate should be concluded_ one hn~ of the- time to be controlled by the gentleman from ·earUer than that. North Carolina [Mr. S~ALL] and one half by the gentleman fro.m 1 Mr. SMALL. The time to be equally divided between the Iowa (l\lr. KENNEDY]-- · - gentleman. from Iowa and my elf: Mr. Sl\fALL. Unless_ general debate shall have- been con- Tl).e- SPEAKER. The time to be equally divided. eluded prior to that time. I lUr. COOPER- of Wis.consin. Mr·. Spe~er, I desire to ask tbe- The CHAIRMAN. Unless gener-al debate shall have been con- ,g_entleman a question, perhaps not germane, but lmpo.rtant, eluded prior to that time~ The gentleman from North Carolina. neverth.eleBs. Does the gentleman ftom North Carolina know [Mr. SMALL addressed tbe committee. See Appendix.} whether tbe Committee on Rules has given up the idea of pre-- Mr. KENNEDY of Iowa. M1-. Chairman, I ~ield on~ how to senting a rule upon this matter of certain contracts. made by the gentleman from Wisconsin [l\.fr. FRE.ut} • .the War Department? _ l\fi~. FREAR. 1\fr. Chairman, I ues.ire to di.gres fru~ a IIl.Q. 1\Ir. Sl\rALL. I am iniormed that, in any event, it will not be ment from the bill under consideration, in o.rder to C<>rre~t an ,presented to-day. erroneous statement take-n fro.m the New York Herald's acco-u\\t 1\Ir. COOPER of Wi ·coru;in. Will the gentleman permit me oi the Security League probe. 1:to ask the chairman of the Committee on Rules a question 'l Reeently I addressed the House on the league's charges· of Mr. SMALL. Certainly; the gentleman stands heside him. - dtsJoyalty lodged against 300 l\Ietnbers o.f Congress, and tlten I Mr ~ COOPER of W.isconsin. This is a- mattet: o.e e::s;ceedin~ made eertaia specific countercharges. against the officers of the importance to some constituents of mine. A very great wrong league. A resolution of tn.vestigation of tbe- league, then has been done them, and r am exceedingly interested in that offered, was unanimously reported b~ the Rules Committee a.nd rule in llnving a hearing befol·e the Honse, so that these people immecllately passed the House by unanimous vote-: A. com- CONG"RESSION AL R.ECOR.D-H.OUSE. JANUARY 2, · miltee was appointed and · the ·probe was started ·before · the. courage the foe abroad by charging the American Congress with holiday recess. disloyalty. This junker corporation outrivaling anything in. ·In the Herald article I read, "Representative FnEAR charged Prussia is the last word in un-Americanism and has been eve£:.: the league spent more than $1,000,000 to defeat Members of Con- lastingly tarred with its own disloyalty stick. • gress, which charge was denied by Col. Lydecker." · Returning to the river and harbor bill under discussion, a A brief reply is all I care to offer. I have never charged the further statement Is due in addition to the brief minority report league with spending any specific amount to defeat Congress filed for opposing the bill. ' men, nor are the league books of much value in determining Of the river and harbor bills presented during the past five amounts so used, because large expenditures to defeat Repre years, I have supported only one, that of 1917, carrying about' sentatives, instigated by the league, were made by other associ $~0,000,000, which contained items requested .in times of war bY, ated organizations throughout the country. I did charge, and Secretary Baker for war purposes and could not be opposed; ngain repeat, that "Security" League pamphlets contained a All other bills and the omnibus public-building bill have been claim that the league's annual ~:xpenses reacheu $1,200,000. This opposed for reasons that apply to this b1ll. Some of them have fact has been put in evidence by the committee. Lydecker now been defeated, others have been greatly reduced, with a total says that his books show only about one-quarter mlllion dollars saving to the Federal Treasury of over $100,000,000, and some expenses in 1918. That indicates league pamphlets sought to of the "worst f~atures have been eliminated from recent bills/ deceive the public as to the league's importance by grossly mis but as long as omnibus bills and committee ·members are representing its proposed expenditure. This characteristic exag selected with a purpose in view of securing liberal ·appropria geration reaches from 75 to 100 per cent falsehood as to esti- tions for certain home projects bills will be objectionable and f mated league finances, disloyalty charges against Congressmen, deserve defeat. · · · · . and many other subjects, even down to the borrowed title of its The· cure repeatedly urged lies in a high-class, constructive, · make-believe " colonel!' nonpolitical board of public works, like the Interstate Commel:¢e - One .important charge made against the league has been con Commission, with powers similar to those possessed by boards firruetl at the outset. According to the Herald article of Decem and officials in certain European countries, where local contribu ber 20, Lydecker stated to the probe committee that $200,000 tion is enforced against the community especially benefited by of ndmitted league subscriptions came from the Carnegie Cor- the 'vaterway and where governmental aid carries control of . poration and from Rockefeller. The gift of $150,000 by .Carne rail and water rates and reciprocal duties. That alone make_s :.gie recalls the old armor-plate contracts made with this Govern possible the use of such waterways, \Vhereas in our country~ : ment, that \Yere a fitting prelude to the recent Hog Island con apart from ship channels, not one inland waterway out of 11 i tracts, and is a further reminder that United States Steel, a hundred improved by the Government Is or apparently ever will ' source of league supply, has profited hundreds of millions of be a success or a reasonable businesslike investment for the ~ dollars from this war. John D. Rockefeller's contribution to Government. .Lydecker's league of only $50,000 looks niggardly and probably The cost to· the Government for furnishing_a waterway fol' Irepresents less than one-quarter of 1 per cent of war profits riyer commerce, per ton, i not definitely settled as to method ! wrung from the American people through boosting the price .of of computation, and only approximate results can be reached : gasoline ·alone. Guggenheim, Du Pont, Morgan, and 100 other because th·e amount properly chargeable to· investment is varf~ : \Vall Street magnates have been disclosed to be financing this ously estimated, although annual maintenance is sure and cer ' junker league. That is the source of poisoned gas and ea~y taiu. Excluding ferriage, floatable · timber, and sand hauled t money, used to uefeat blacklisted Congressmen in 1918. short distances, · not affected by river " improvements,'~ the fol No equal bunch of colossal egotists in or out of New York can lowing estimates, in 1916, on the seyeral -rivers and canals·named j be found anywhere compared with these corporation lip patriots, are noted· in former minority vie'\Ys : · who assail people indiscriminately, announce their proposed Per ton. changes to the Federal Constitution, who parade their promised Ohio River (cxclu ·1ts real ·commerce is not one-quarter what it was 'before one The foregoi:ng amounts include '$8,223.540,702 loaned to ioreign -dollar was expended by the -Government in " impr . Carolina's hopeless inland waterways, or $3,000;000, ~o:utained in through strong State control; but competition,. lower 1;ates, or ltbis · bill,- for the bankrupt Chesapeake· & Delaware .13-mile luxurious appointments not '"~"atTanted by revenue i. · a thing of eanaJ, which the Government first helped to build originally? the past. \Vho will dare tell their constituents that this· bill saddles 70 JVhether any of the e conditions will be bettered under Gov new projects on to the Treasury pay roll, many of them indefen- ernment ownership is not material to this discussion, but it is 1! sible expenditures that will-reach from $25,000,000 to $50,000,000 important to know what bearing the railway problem. bas on , before completion, and all to be paid by war taxes or liberty Y\'aterway transportation. No student of the subject can close t bonds? Who will say to their people back home .we defeated the his eyes to the bald fact that apart from ship channels the rail :public-building pork barrel in committee this year by a tie vote, ways have driveu commer e from our riyers by cut-throat rates; but_with $45,000,000 on hand we surrendered to a $27,000,000 and no intelligible effort has been made up to the present time 1 time-honored wasteful ri"\"er and harbor bill when the Treasury to remedy such condition·. On the contrary, the Government ·,·vas worse than empty? Every man must answer these ques has placed hundreds of millions of dollars in our rivers and in ' tions to his constituents and to himself when voting for this bill. land waterw·ays with full knowledge that such waterways would ' We· ha\e appropriated tor rivers and harbors in the past not be utilized without important changes in our b:ansportation nearly a billion dollars, and the waste is notorious. Some esti- problems. While the Go\ernment has been expending these ·mates have reached over one-half of the total amount expended. hundreds of millions of dollars in digging channels and in canal · Harh9r imp~ovements are generally of value, but contributions izing usele. s river , creek., and rivulets the railways simply wait rarely are had fl·om fayored communities as in other countries. until real competition i threatened, when the boat line is taken ·ni,er expenditures, as a. rule, have brought no commerce to O\er by interested partie. or dri\en out of bu. ine by cut- _ 'deserted streams, which were covered with boats long before a throat rates. · uollar had been expended by the Government. We close our Every effort to compel' railways to accept minimmn rates is ! ~yes to millions of dollars sunk in the rivers and harbors of the thwarted by the difie1:eut communities that enjoy favored freight :country, frequently for strictly local benefits, for land reclama rate through a fictitiou · waterwav competition that never ex ;tton, for water powers, for private contractors who are prim~rily ist. - Every way to promote or preserve sub. tantial waterwaY, ·benefited, for drainage and silt-protection purposes, and some traffic has been throttled by pri\ate railway inte·re t _ · Conced~ ·times just for money to spend under the plea that it keeps lnbor ing that congestion has resulted on the railways m1ll asserting ·employed...... Ul this is done under the pretense that general that no fear is bad of "aterway eompetition, whi h is damned wa t{'rway commerce will_be benefited. with faint p1~ai ·e, the railways haYe made . ure that such com ll1i1I HBILITATIXG THE ILULROADS THAT llATJil DESTROYED 1 :SLA:SD- WA'fER- petition would be deStroyed. Confronted by this remarlmble WAY COMMERCE. situation, our Government; under the advice of itJ .Army Engi ~ We silently watch million. of Government Uollars go to re neers and supported by a vigorous home local lobby, continually llauilltate run-down railway systems, golden streams of money gives ·down a golden stream of· coin to improve the Mississippi, .taken from the pockets of taxpayers under the plea of war Mi souri, Ohio, Tennessee, Cumberland, Trinity, Arkall-Sa ~ , aud a measures to build up rolling stock, terminals, and other neces hundred other rivers, creeks,· and rivulets · that have .little . ub- sar·y adjuncts of private railways; we silently accept unprece . stantial commerce, present or prospective, and no traffic pro ·uented jumps in freight and passenger rates to ·unheard-of pi·o portionate to the enormous e~rpenditures we have made upon l)Ol'tions, which have been imposed on the ground that more the. e watet·ways. Antiquated canals huve ueen tuken ·over by money must be squeezed out of the public to· improve transporta- the Government long after bankruptcy has en ·uetl, and the tion needs in time of war. · lock tender's dreams f:rom one month's end to the other are not V\Te confront the fact that railways under private ownershi.l) undisturbed excepting through the arrival of the monthly gov 11ave driven waterway commer~e from all our inland streams ernmental check, which awakens him from sound . ·lumber. _ and canals and that the unconscionable railway methods pur Commerce can not be found on these streams out ide of offi.<:ial ~med have crushed ·out individual enterprise and ruined certain Army engineers' reports, which in the past have been CIUnoufiaged communities in order to build up others.. But when the question with sand and gravel, u ed for ri,er improvement, ·hauled short of taking over railways by the Government is mooted, men in distances. whereby the average tonnage appear to be main 1mblic life generally drop the si1bject like a red-hot poker. Oti1· tained, while millions of tons of logs floated long distances helps uistinguished Commander in Chief, who commandeered all the ·to maintain the length of hauL Due to repeate-d expOsures in railways and theil· employees with a brief sweep of the pen, recent years this practice is being changed, but bankrupt canals now ays he does not know what to say on the subject of Govern and communities along the ri\ers antl dry rivulet· of the coun~ .ment ownership of · railways-the fir~t utterance of that kind try arc' as hungry for Government gold an ·char.ge upOn tbe Public Tr;ea.smoy. But I submit that under tances, and at an average interest cost to the Government, after 1 ; pre~E:mt conditions, where no immediate necessity can be shown, furnishing the waterway, of over $5Q a ton. Ninety-five. per cent it is a reckle and unjustified policy for Congress to put 70 of the $400,000 is used for diking and revetment -along the ' new project into the pen(ling bill and thereby add nearly rivet: banks, which protects private lands back of the rivet•,- 1 ,$9,000,000 in amount to the total, with a future burden which although these lands make no contribution toward .the cost. , ·comes by their adoption, reaching $25,000,000 to possibly (louble No boat line exists on the river and none is in prospect. A ;that amount, depending on underestimates and eventual depths miserable waste of millions of dollars, recommended by Al'mY, . to be demanded. engineers, aft~r being rejected by Col. Townsend, head of the· . This much I have said in a general way to call attention Mississippi Committee, is now a standing monument of water-' to the system or lack of system which is more recklcs to-day way waste which these officers seek to justify by fanciful dreams tthan it was five )·ears ago, when these wasteful measures were of interested localities. •first opposed in Congress, because the Treasm·y burden is im- Again, on page 2329, the engineers repo1·t $272,870 total cx mea urably gTeatcr. No Member cares to incur the ill will of p(mdlture in past years for a small waterway from Norfolk to ' lhis brother Member or to attack items which may have political sounds of North Carolina, with questionable commerce, except bearing upon the-Member's home constituency, and I have no ing one item labeled ' ~ Miscellaneous." That comprises twa-' :purpose in critici ·m further than to demonstrate the weakness thirds of all carried on the waterway and may have been·' and wastefulness of a system or lack of system which is unlike hauled from 1 to 10 miles, so far as facts indicated. Such' ;that of any other nation on the face of the globe. The bill statistics are valueless in character. After the present bill was · before us has earmarks that show to what extent our lack of reported to the committee from the Engineers' Department a 1 ..waterway or public improvements will carry us. It is true that new appropriation of $250,000 was added in the pending bill, ' ".Army engineers are high-class men who ha>e approved these or nearly as much as has been expended dming all the years projects, but a brief glance at impo ~ sible waterway projects that this waterway has been used. No possible justification in approved in the past by Army engineers scattered all over these times of heavy taxation can warrant such extravagance. the country illustrates their poor judgment or lack of independ Again, the old familiar hopeless inland waterway from Norfolk ence when confronted or surrounded with influences that have to Beaufort, on which $3,744,400 has been wasted, with a balance been potent with them ever since the young cadet first received on hand available for the· fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, of his appointment to ·west Point many years before. Nor is it $649,725, receives in addition $750,000 after it was submitted by, fair or just to expect such officers, however independent or con the Engineers' office to the committee. The insignificant com scientious-and I do not question their high standards-to stand · merce on this waterway, about one-half of which is piling and between hungry local communities represented by Congressmen logs, also indicates a fm·ther loss of nearly one-half, or 50 pel' and influential Senators on the one hand and lJy an unappre cent, during the last four years, and a startling fact from the ciati>e and often misguided public on the otller. taxpayer's viewpoint is tP,at the cost of dredging along this so The lack of a financial Government budget is sure to be a called 'Yaterway llas increased 100 per cent on portions ·of the source of never-ending trouble until we get rid of a system that project within the past three years, yet the clang of the en :permits gatllering together of score · of local appropriations Jn gineer·s iron scoop rings merrily on as long ·as the scoop reaches omnibus ri>er and harbor and public-building bills. It is the the Federal Treasury. · - system that is primaril3· at fault, and until that system is Other old projects that haYe been continually opposed give changed the only possible cm·e presented is by making small testimony to the extrayagant methods pursued under the exist- 950 ·CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 2., ·lng SyStem. -u is lmposslble to ·remedy or curtail uctl expendi the bill. ·n contains ·many suCh items, tn my judgment basm.l tures materuilly n.s long us tlie omnibus method of appro_pria on tatistics.:furnished us by the- engineer and such item' could tions continues. only p:ass Congre ~ tl'lrough ~ the omnibus ystem. EXTRAVAGANT -r."EW PROJECTS TO BE PAID BY LIBERTY BOND >SALIJS. . Let ' me COllelUde by -saying 'that \Vitb $45,000,000 DOW in the •IJ:ands ~f the Alrny engineers on "January, 1919, it is a reckless To the burden placed upon 1 the Treasui-y by large· ddition.~ leo-isl~tive ac! to put through during this short session an ·ap. to old projects the -committee in the pendin bill bas added about proprtation b1ll .for rrivers anti harbors that carries more , than 70 new · projeets, ·including ~.OOO,QOO ·for the · bankrupt· Chesa- double the ·umount -rep-orted by ·uberal engineers as ab olntely peake .and •Delaware ·1'3-mlle -canal, 'that, 'like "the ·Norfolk;Beau- n · au. . fort $5,000,000 canal, ism edtto take the seasickness-out of 'the _·_The ·publfe:-bulldiugs bill committee, -accordlng to ·the public -sea. Thls in ndtlltion to -:sevetal million tlollars in ~thi bill pte ~ again. refu ed to 'recommend a public buildinO' JX>rk. barrel appropriated for the Delaware and SChuylkill ln he near 11t tb1s s wn, and it was defeated in the committee by ·a tie 11eighborhood that 'have · ctmU commerce und . yearly mttke · ote. I will not refer to the perullrrg river nnd harbot· bill as generous demands upon.the '.Federal Treasury. A few "hundred u '"' J?Ork-barrel~' measure. 1 will not wound tlle tender sensi· thousand dollar more is .Inserted ·in ·the· bill to · beO'ln 'work f>llihes of' my coUengues on '"the committee by using terms w-hiCh on the · hopeless camlllza.tlon project on •the uppe--r ,cumberland ee~ · populm·. :l:n other committees -and other le-gi lative botlies, :that·wm wipe out or-er $4-,500,000-more from the ..Fetlerul Tren.s- but I do say ·that "W1tbout •the omnibus 'feature, which :permits ury before completion, in addition ·to o\rer- $7,.ooo;ooo ~ already th~ · tnclusion uf:many wasteful waterway projects from Maine spent qpon this river with an .insignific-ant commerce, present or to 1\l~x:ico and on many desertetl ·rivers and -riv.ulets, it ·would ..Prospective. . . be lmpo ·ible to put through many of the items that are -round The ubiquitous OuaChita pro3ect :of360 miles of desettoo river in_ the pending ' bllJ. •It ·ts _part of Wisdom and ·public duty to on which we ha\"e spent -$3,350,150, ·With constantly inere..'tsing defeat the blll -and ·pass n substitute containing a small lump estimates of several. ..millions, ngain confronts us ·in 'this 'bill. · urn for present· needs. For the reasons gtven in the ''lnlnori.tY Three hundred thousand-dollars Is addoo for more locks under report, at tile propeJ."ttme 'I e::q,eet to offer for passage a ·sub· :Document 'No. 7, Stxty~llfth Congress. 'Last ye-ar~s repQrt on tltute lump-sum ·appropriation of ·$12,000,000 to '$15,000,000 in 'this hopeless project 'bows 2,667 snags were pulled out.of"tlte place of the wasteful blll before us, which can be defeated onlY, stream, 428 stumps and branChes ·were_jurred ~from their moor- by uch legislative aetlon. ' lngs, and U41 other obstructions w.ere -rescued ·bY .all the There is :nothing .further I care to :say to the committee •at engineers' force that conldibe spared from the.'EUf'Opean·battle· _tlits tim~, except at the pr~per timeJ desire, when "Projects are "front. After deducting logs ana tlnlber --raftert and barged, a rill ·presented, to make some brief statements.regarding a few of the sand and gravel, th-e " commerce " · r-en.Ched - ~689 .:tons, JJ'f which _projects wllich ought "to :be . defeated, In my judgment, and 1 over .8,000 .tons was marked · u Miscellaneous." -,Vhat .Itu'ther Shall b.e . content with that program. tHeretofore, at times ·1 .need of expert testimony ls necessary to .show the publi:c .. th~ hav-e tnken a great deal of the time <>f the committee and so~e· value of this project ·thfttl ·the appearance of local 'leg.islators times, possibly, unsuccessfully, but I .have enUea.vo~-ed to dis.. from both ends of the CapitoLbefore the· comm1ttee w'ho 1ID'gell clo e the· views which I had of such bills without regard to th:e lts ·a.'doptiori? By way of commerce comparison .·one joint harbor locality or whether · they struck my own ·community. Let me. in Wisconsin nnd "Mi.nnesota 'that·has had about double the~- ; sny that ~e committee will bear me.out ln .the statement that j)endlture ghren this liver, ·.alone showed over 50,000;000 tons wh~ a $2,00l>t()00 nppropriation for :a _project which flows pa t commerce-in 1.9l7.or·o-ver 2,000 times .as much. tny district '150 .miles I asked to cut it in-two in the committee Many similar ·. mustrations cauld be ..furnished showing .the: and It_ was :cut down to $1~200,000, .and .on the floor of . th~ hopeless eanalization waste , tl:rat . is now ·going on .dl1 -. ()ver ,.the House I asked ~ to hav.e it reduced -$600,000. This y-ear this .bill .country .th-rough the ·recommendations of engineers ..and ~ensy .ca:r.rles only'$250,000 for ·700 miles of the greatest -river on i:h.e acquiescence of .Congress. continent, and }!et the waterwa-y _pro]ect.on1the North-Carolina - :t'he iBlack <\Varrior .River, whl'ch bas .been ostensib}y .com- coast, a hopeless hlland waterway, carries '$1,0 Mr. BOOHER. But was not a guaranty made between the l\Ir. BOOHER.. 'Vhen they had hoats on the riYer tbere ~,Yas War Department anu the owners of the Kansas City line that no railroad up and down on either siue. the Kansas City line should be put back just as soon as pos- Mr. FREAR. Yes, sir. sible at the close of the war? • - Mr. BOOHER. To carry out the idea presented. by the chair 1\fr. FREAR. No; pardon me, if the gentleman will permit, man of the committee on his presentation this morning, the Yery I want to ask him a question there. Is it not a fact that when reason they haYe been driYen off is because there has been no the question ''as put to that boat company-Mr. Dickey and freight rate bebYeen the river and the railroad. others-that he refused to guarantee the boat line would be l\lr. FREAR. Tho gentleman will pardon me. I can not put back, and that point was raiserway or public works com sincere in the idea of putting on a boat line they would haYe mittee carefully selected, of men ' rho have a positive program 1 come with a guaranty. They haYe had all this time since the to develop, and then I would want them to make a recommenda ' question was raised and they haYe not offered it. There has tion, and not haYe it come from gentlemen of this community Tnot been a single bushel of grain carrictl :(rom Kansas City to or that community as it is to-da~-. asking that money be giyen ; St. Louis on this riyer, and that was the proposition originally to their community. That ought not to be the test. There 1 for which the project was urged. .All the traffic has come from ought to be an opportunitr to pa.·: upon this question withQ-qt · St. Louis to help out Kansas City business men, v;ho O'\Yn the reference to the differeut communities affcctetl, the utility and ' stock of the boat line, and yet they will not guarantee they v;-~11 actual commercial u. e of the waterway. 1 put that boat line back. Mr. BOOHER. Doe.· the gentleman believe in water .trans Mr. BOOHER. Does not the gentleman remember that the portation, n.nyhow? hearings show that the chairman of the committee, when Mr. l\fr. FREAU. I do not believe there can be any question of Dickey was before it, asked him the question if it was not a that. I haYe ne..-er opposed a reasonable appropriation for any 'fact that when the Gon~ rnment took oYer this boat line the Kansas harbor or anything lhat carries real water tran portation. City company guaranteed that they would put the boat line back Here is . '16,000,000 for th.i one project, and no traffic . there. on the.riYer before the Secretary of \\ar would permit the boats Docs not the gentlelli-a n think the Government has done its full to be taken off? ·hare and that it is time for the indh-iduals or the State to take Mr. FREAR. I can not say as to that. I know thL , that 'care of the situation? . there is· no guaranty; that is, any offer that is tangible. Mr. BOOHER. Doe · not the gentleman know that there has Mr. BOOHER. I do not know what the uirectors of tl~ e boat been less than $7,000,000 appropriated on this project? line haYe eYer clone toward restoring the boats. l\1r. FHEAR. I do not care about that particular project. I 1\lr.- FR~. They ha\e had notice of this situation right am speaking about a rivet• that formerly had a fleet of boats on along. 1\fr. BOOHER. Do you think they could build a line of boats it before one dollar was spent and has none now. l\Ir. BOOHER. You arc ~ e aking of a -navigable riYer. In since the armis1:ice was signed? . . 1\Ir. FREAR. But they could bring back that line of boats. the last 20 years this riYer .!Ja s ueen nonnavigable, and is full 'Anti what is more, the boats there are unsuit{lble for naviga of sand bars and snags, an1l ,...,-c are trying to confine it within : tion. Notwithstanding the stockholders aJ?,d the men who get its banks and keep it there. :the benefit of the transportation freights, they could not I.Pake it l\Ir. FREAR. .And incidentally reclaiming GOO,OOO acres of profitable. land that do not give one dollar to that 'vork, according to the . Mr. BOOHER. But all the people get the benefit? report of the engineers. l\lr. FREAR. But they were the ones most interested in fur Mr. BOOHER. Does not the gentleman know that the men in -ni bing commerce because the line carried tl;le~r own goods. who llYe the :Missouri RLYer bottom do their own levee work? 1\Ir. BOOHER. Tlicy were the business men of Kansas City. l\fr. FREAR But you are going to charge the people in the Mr. FREAR. Yes. I do not question their enterprise, but I Mississippi RiYer bottom lands one-third of the cost. Why not do question the judgment they ha\e exercised. charge the people of t.!Je l\lissouri River bottom lands one-third ~1r. BOOHER. \Yould the gentleman be willing, if tho direc where they get the same comparatiYe benefit? tors of this boat-line company went to work now toward getting Mr. BOOHER. Why does not the gentleman introduce a pro their boats built anc.l put them on the ri\er, to not oppose the Yision of that kind? passage of tlie bill? :ifr. ll,REAR. There would be no use. Woultl the gentleman Mr. FREAR. I would. say, Mr. Chairman, unless Kansas yote for it? \Vould the gentleman vote to compel his constitu City, or unless the State of Missomi, after we have expended ents to pay one-third, as is done in the lower Mississippi? $16,000,000 on this 400-mile strip of ri\er, is willing to do some l\lr. BOOHER. We can not do it under om· statute. thing toward contributing, unless the money is not spent en 1\Ir. FREAR. Will you introduce a resolution in your legisla tirely for the reclamation of land and for reYetment of this ture to have it done? 500,000 acres, we ought to stop immediately except to maintain 1\Ir. BOOHER. I am not a member of the legislature.· the channel. . Mr. FREAR. Oh, I can not follow the gentleman in his chang 1\Ir. BOOHER. Then, why keep the channel open? ing positions. I think the e\irlence of good faith is shown right Mr. FREAR. Providing any man is willing to take the there. . chance of putting boats on there as they existed before a ·dollar ' ·Mr. BOOHER. The· people of the South do not appropriate was spent by the GoYernment. And I would still keep the money for the improvem ~ nt of the river. They are appropriating channel open and in better condition tJlan it eYer was before. money for levee work. 1\.II'. BOOHER. The gentleman ktiows the reason wby there Mr. FREAR. T.l;mt is all that the IDsso.uri River money is are no boats on the river now? . spent for. Oyer 95 per cent of the money spent last year, ac Mr. FREAR. Certainly. I think I can agree with the gentle- cording to the engineer·s report, was for revetment and diking, man very largely. · and not a dollar of that was for the dredging of the riYer. '-- 9521 CQNSRESSI0N~ RE00RD-ROUSE. Mr·; B08HER:. Tha . was_absoltrtels·, necessacyifoJ:•, the.p1·eser- , This bill : is- not' infallible.- No appropriation bill; which. is vation of the banks of tlitNiver·and to keep the:rivern~;lthin the. ' pTesented ~ to tliiS-. Hbt1Sc. ·iS: ·b yon€lltl:fe paJ ·oi-=' criticism I b is banks: ~ not wiiliin•tlle limitS: of. a ;- de.moern-ey: to tte·· perf et: ind ts.legis.... Mr. FREAR. WJ:]y_ dCJ' yo.minsist: tllat,. they·· shall! conb:ibutc. 'lation. · • one:-l1alf' i:trthe-· expense.,_ on,weste.rmha:rbors? Wh'y. no1; sruy1toi ·; TOO gentleman from ' W"isconsi:n1 refei> - to tti ' acthiti -. of I th . State' ofT' MiSsouri; · ~ YOu . must pay.: an equuH aiD'f)nnt;,, an:. 1 M~m].)ers ;. for·· the improvemen:t~ oi'r waterway . ancP liartJru· ·: in j ~mount equal tot what the' people" elsewhere· pay: fol· sueli ltheii'. States. ancP di tricts- and: im:],}l:11te. : elfish• antl' sectiooal 1mprorements ;' ~ ?t 'matites-tb.·them.· L l\1r4 . BOO HEIR. . Wo appropritl:te: money to tak car of' the· l MI. FREAR: l\Ir;· Chairman; willl the gentleman, yte-l{l? : 1 riverr a:nd l liarhor~ Mr. SMALL. I can not be interrup,ted now. · i P think. the· peof!}e of{ the- West have:• lieen, liberal in tliat · T:lie ·GHA'lRMAN. Do llie·gentleman•yield7· regard, . and· I' think the' people o:t~ the" Stmtbl hav • been very-. . l\.lr; S:MALL. I l refuse to be interrupted~ liberal. Before the. adoption ofitlllil :. prajeet · rue~ple • alwn ·! The (J'HAIRMA:N; The· gentleman•decllnes·. to.1yield! contributed: to · ilia: reyetment, and· in• most. cas : oRe-lialf the 1 Mr. SMALD. I · will'gi-ve yon ::m ·. opportunity later~ · The ~ gen ICost ~ 'tleman has made4 antindictmerrt. against' the: membersbin,oi tlic [ Mr. FllEAR:. Yes TI're-.. gentleman1willl pardon· me: Red& ~ committee and the membership of7tbis-: House.; ·ffgainst'the mem l taking up my time. He can ha"Ve' his.. omr·time. :tiersltip·of tl1e committee t>e<;ause l:ie:· says-they havo brouglft: in 1\Ir: BOOHER: Tha· people· of! th Soutb lmv beem \ery, 1a_bill·containing. applmpriations-= fOrt projects- and! impro\ements 1 llb~al in their;· contri})utlo:ns.;_ .not itt; the-publie inte-rest, whitb1are · wasteful;. and: can noti 1Je l Mr. FREA:I: ~ Ther gentlenmn is til.king .my time: justifie man of the Committee on Rivers and Harbors challenged crlti T hese are a few cases which are typical of about one hundred cases which we have bad brought to our attention in this county. ci D;l. It. was the bill which was app:ooved August 8, 1917, and Yours, truly, 1 rec..'lll to the member hip of the House that there was not one D. L . MCKIXNEY, - Member of the House who succeeded in effectually assailing o~ Chairman LocaZ Boat·d, Minnehaha Co unty. criticizing an item in the 1917 bill. You know there are local boards all over the Union. The 1\lr. FREAR. That was the last bill? chairman of this local boarCi cites three or four cases out of Mr. SMALL. Oh, no; the last bill was ,passed in June, 1918. nearly a hundred cases in that one county under that one local Mr. FREAR. That was the bill that 1 .supported. Every board. other bill has been attacked, and the votes will show it. Does Here is another letter : the gentleman say that the bill before the last one did not have 2605 FOURTEn~TH STREET NW., more than 130 votes-against it? Washingto11• D . C.,_ December 19, 1918. Mr. SMALL. I forget the number. . Congressman MA.-l'iN. can MY DEAR Sm :· I note the talk in CQngress of ·soldiers' pay an Here is another one : believe to be the \Var Risk Insurance Bureau-! am not so lion. JAMES R. MANN, sure about that--In which the name of some applicant for allot1 Republican Leader of the House, ment was noted and a reqqest to investigate it was made, and. Wa8hington, D. 0. DEAR Sm: My son made me an allotment in September, 1917. Ire an offer of $1 for investigation. It was returned by me wltli ceived one month only, which I was obliged to send back to the soldier the statement that I could not undertake it Later on two or because he was not getting a.ny salary. three more postal cards arrived in the office, and I gave instruc· My son was discharged June 5, 1918, and sent home sick, after serving nine months at Camp Logan, Tex. . · tlons to return them. I mention that to show that investigation September 5 he was commanded to send back the uniform he had of that kind was going on through some agency and not through worn home (which was in rags and not worth riO cents) under penalty official sources. of having kept GOvernment property. Of course I returned it at once. Soon after he returned, and I fully understood milltary rules and Mr. MANN. I thank the gentleman. I have another letter regulations, I was instructed to apply at the War Risk Insurance Bu here. reau, operating at 1307 S.tock Exchange Bullding1 Chicago, ,and was UNITED STATJDS GENERAL HOSPITAL No. 30, informed by Mr. McGul!'a I would receive a check rrom Wasrungton in Plattsburg, N. Y., December 11, 1918. . a very few days for the amount of allotment. That was last June, nine months atter he enlisted, which makes over Representative MANN, of Ill-inois: a year and three months, and still nothing J their latest instructions We soldiers who have been invalided home from France certainly do are that the case is closed so far as that oftfce is concerned, and n9w I appreciate ~lU' earnest efforts to produce for us Qur long overdue must np~ly to his commanding officer or the Paymaster General of the back pay. ·~· hls is the fifth month since I have received any pay but United States Army. I have written the Paymaster General at dWash $20 cuual, and rpany of the boys are a gre~t deal wors~ off than I lngton, but no reply. What do you think of such treatment, an how am, for some of them have from 8 to 10 months' pay ·coming to them.; many more who are worse off than we, no the claim on account of the acciden~ 19b.t she was required to be Mr. GORDON. rose. m:.der the care C1f. a physici-an; and because he had the $700 in Mr-. MANN. It the gentleman will pardon me, I have onlY, bunk, which was rapidly going out for physician's fees, the a minute left. What is the matter? First, the 'Var Depart~ : allowance which had been made to him was taken away. As ment neglects to pay the soldiers, it neglects to pay the allot -: hi son is soon expected home, in the hope of getting his health menta, it loses the papers of the soldier, and then, when asked hack,. it does seem rather hard not only to take the allowance if it could not possibly, under the most distressing circum.·) away from him ,but then hold up the allotment of the soldiers stances,. let a: man out of the Army who is no longer needed, we pay until the allowance hn.s been pai" The initiati"\'"e of Congress is not yet sufficiently restored to aumit them ha"\'"e uepenclent families who ha"\'"e been living off their of that, I think. . rnouthly allotments. 1\fr. McKENZIE. I haYe listened to the gentleman's speech It is nothing but justice to give the soldier < subst~ntial with n great deal of sympathy, und I think the gentleman has a gratuity. l\Iany of those who stayed at home have enjoyed pretty good idea about it, but I would like to ask how he comes great prosperity. Some hav-e made immense fortunes. Wages to determine upon $180 ; by what process of reasoning did the as a rule were greatly increased. The soldier has lost the job gentleman arrive at the fact that he thinks we ought to pay he had before he went into sen·ice. He may have a hard time $180? to get as good a one. There will be delay. and he will be idle . Mr. HUDDLESTON. I do not stick to $180. I made it as until he finds work. 'Ve should do something to compensate much as I thought Congress would agree to, and as little as I him for his lost position and for the idleness which will follow thought it would be decent to give. I would gtYe more. I fixed on his discharge. it at $30 a month for six months, which is the pay that a private A SERIOUS LABOC SITUATIO~. soldier gets, intending to give discharged soldiers six: months in One of the most serious sides of the discharged-soldier prob which to hunt jobs. The idea was to giv-e them an amount which lem is its effect upon labor conditions. \Vith the 4,000,000 men would pay for some sort of board for six months; that is what now in service thrown on the labor market demoralization will I had in my mind. follow. Unless the situation is carefully handled, a labor panic Mr. GORDON. I was just going to ask this in reference to will result. There will follow great industrial and social un what the gentleman stated. As I understand, my colleague rest, with possiblllties of disaster. We must bear in mind that bases it upon six months' pay for a priv-ate soldier, making them seYcral millions of men and women heretofore engaged in the all of equal amount? production of war supplies and other war work are losing their 1\fr. HUDDLESTON. Putting all upon an equality. positions. They will hav-e to seek new work, and many are· 1\Ir. BLANTON. Does the gentleman know how much that now u"nemployed. When the war work is finally stopped. a.s it will amount to? must be during the next few weeks, there will be a surplus of 1\fr. HUDDLESTON. Yes; it will amount to less than labor even without the discharged soldiers. With all these $000,000,000. added to the labor supply the condition will be most serious. Mr. BLA...~'l'ON. Does it make any difference what it perhaps critical. . amounts to if It is the right thing to do? Ev~n without taking the discharge(] soldiers into account, a Mr. HUDDLESTON. It might make some difference to the statement issued by the United Stutes Employment Service on taxpayers; but I Will say to the gentleman from Texas that December 14 shows that the demand for labor is declining fast; if we are to waste any money raised for the running of this and already a surplus is fotmd in many places. The only war let us waste it on these boys who ha"\'"e gone into the war. thing that can prevent a disruption of labor conditions is the I Applause.] fact that our workers have accumulated some reserves and can My bill would treat officers and men alike, and give to each wait a few weeks for employment "Without suffering. By their $30 a month for six months afier discharge. This, of course, savings they are enabled to protect themselves from being is inadequate, but at least it is fair to all and will hold the forced to take whatev-er job they can get at any price that may_ soldier up until he is able to become self-supporting. be o:ffereo them. But the discharged soldier has no reserves. The necessity for relief for the discharged soldiers is uni He will be thrown at once on the labor market. He will have versally recognized. Measures for that purpose are being to have work iinmeillatcly. Turned loose penniless. many will ndopted by many of the imp01tant countries of the world. soon be starving anu will be compelled to take anybody's job Great Britain gives each discharged soldier one month's pay that they can. A starving man can not demand fair wages and and rations, family allowances for one month, and one year's conditions. He is compelled to yield to the pressing necessity jnsurunce against unemployment. I am informed that Italy ·of the moment. The labor organizations of the country have gi>es a gratuity of from one to six months' pay, depending on not sufficient resources to enable them to hold up millions of length of service. France has appropriated a billion and a half discharged soldiers for longer than u few weeks. As I see it, francs to be divide(] among her discharged soldiers. Canada if we are to preYent a complete disruption of the labor situa proposes to teach her discharged soldiers farming where they tion, attended with the greatest hardship and peril, Congress desire it and to place them on farms und to give them a start must make provision for the maintenance of soldiers for a with a loan up to $2,500. Australia bas appropriated $200.- reasonable time after their discharge. It thus becomes not a 000.000 and, as I am informed, proposes to lend as much as matter of sentiment, generosity, or gratitude but of stern eco $2,000 to start a soldier off as a farmer. In the United States nomic necessity that we make proYision for these men. vague plans for utilizing waste lands for soldiers have been A llE:UlllDY ll"OR DISCONTENT. mentioned, but nothing definite or adequate has been proposed .The proposal of the department's bill to gi"\'"e a gratuity of only The Y\hole worlu is warworn and exhausted. Europe is one month's pny is the least adequate that has been offered by prostrate to a degree that few in America comprehend. An· any country. In great America, richest and strongest of them archy threatens nearly every nation of Europe. Our captains all, it is proposed to do the least of all. It would be a shame of industry understand this and they have fears for them· to be so niggardly. selves. They are carrying on a "\'"igorous propaganda against The subject of giving hclp to discharged soldiers has two "bolshevism," as they call it. They seck to cry it down by sides-its sentimental side and the side of justice and sound mere words and to restrain it by the strong arm of the law. I common sen!;e, As a mere testimonial of the Nation's gratitude think I can see a better way to deal with discontent than by, to those who ha"\'"e defended American honor in . the war a preaching at it or calling a policeman. Bolshevism has liberal gift to each uischarged man would be proper. Every causes-hunger and despair. \Ve must remedy the causes. AmE-rican is thrilled with pride by the splendid quality of our instead of trying merely to suppress the delirious cries of. troops, by their patriotism. courage, and self-sacrifice. Nothing those sick with the disease. It will test the stoutest patriotism is too good for them. No soldier should be discharged with of the soldier to be discharged penniless after hu-.ing offered the fear that his sacrifices are not appreciated. The great Ws life for his country, to find himself jobless and starv warm heart of the Nation should be opened to him. He should ing in spite of his best efforts to get work, and to look around and obserre that while he was far away in the battle. be made to know that we value his nobility and will ever trench profiteers. war contractors. and captains of industry, cherish and remember his heroism. have heaped up their millions out of the opportunities that the IMMEDIATE ACTIO~ NECESSARY. war gave. The best remedy for the discontent that it is feared But, on the other hand, the side of this matter that most that ·a discharged soldier may feel is to help him back into a appeals to me is the stern necessity that something must be job and to care for him while he honestly looks for work-to done. Few enlisted men save any money. Nearly all ot them restore, to make him whole economically, to make him under-. ha-.e made allotments and taken insurance. They have saved stand the liv~ly n.nd lasting gratitude of his country. This_ nothing, and will be discharged penniless. We will see them purpose can not be achieved by turning the soldier loose penni hunting work. 1\Iany of them will not find it at once. They less, nor even by giving him the pittance of a mere month's .will gather 1n the cities. and after a. little while it may be that pay. Be must have something substantial. He must be main-: at the street corner some hero--a real hero of Chateau-Thierry ta.lned for several months, so as to give him a fair opportunity: or Belleau Woods-may stand in his ragged uniform and beg to find his proper place in the labor world. the passer-by for a meal. Such an instance would be a· shame Work is yet being done on war contracts; it is said that they_ to America, and if it could be charged to Congress would be have not been stopped because Of a desire not to do injury to a disgrace to the legislative branch. Much suffering and d~sti contractors and to the la,bor employed. · Many millions are tution among women and children will lnevitably occur unless being spent in this way. It is said also that soldiers will be _ ~Pur soldiers are given some money on discharge, fpr many of held in service so as to keel) them from flooding the labQr 958 OONGRESSIOiiAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUAR"Y 2, supply. Millions will be pent in their maintenance equip bring the return of their loved-ones and relief from the burdens ment, and pay. of war. I run told it cost over $50 a month to keep a soldier going; I know it is claimed that a fair and reasonable construction that is, the upkeep aml maintenance of all kind . Why should of the words u existing emergency " would make them apply we keep him in ervice, at a co. t of 50 a month. when we might only to the duration. of the war. Such I feel sure was the intent turn him loose and let hlm get at orne useful work and identify of Congress and undet· no fair construction could the words himself with society? po ibly be construed to cover a period beyond the declaration Why not apply the millions that are being spent in the e ways of peace. Whatever emergency may arise after that event, or to the direct benefit of the soldier ? Why not di charge them has recently come into existence, it is not tbe one which existed now and give them their pay after di charge, just as though they at the time the selective-service act was pas ed. Clear and were in service?. It would be a fairer and more economical use plain as this is, it is equally clear and plain that the War De of the money. partment has no intention of so construing it. Every move now The American soldier has shown himself a hero. We come made shows that it is the intention tO> keep a great army in out of this \-Yar with a new confidence in our ability as a people Europe for an indefinite period. ' to defend ourselves. Our citizen soldier has shown himself the 1\!r. Chairman. this is simply conscription in time of l)E'ace full equal of the professional European soldier. Untrained boys. nnd I am utterly opposed to it in so far ns any such army t~ · f1·om the farms and shops have mastered the famed Prussian made up of the drafted men. The War Department has tb~ Guard, and the luster of American arms will shine .far into the power, but it has no right to detain indefinitely these men. They future. We have made war on war, and we are the victors. were not drafted for the purpose of maintaining an army in ETe·ry humanitarian and patriot hopes there. may never be Europe after peace has been declared, or even after it has been another war. But as we indulge this hope, let us not forget the settled. Nor is the situation much less burden orne and oppres· duties of the present hour. one of the first. of which is to see that .slve on this side of the ocean. Many men are being held simply our discharged soldiers and sailors are properly cared for. for ordinary work, although the administration refused to draft [Applause.] m~n for what is known as our war inuu tries. The War De· Mr. McKENZIE. This ts not a very pertinent question and partment is now using the drafted men in all sorts of oceupa· , you may not want the answer to go into your speech. I am tions, from that of a common laborer and mechanic to that of a prompted to ask it fi·om what you ba ve said about the labor con clerk, with no restrictions whatever upon the hours of labor and ditions following the war. What do you think of the wisrlom paying the men not one-quarter what they would receive hi the of the· recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy to employ Government shipyards. The greatest complafnt, however arises those men in the construction of an enormous Navy, which will from the detention of those who have nothing to do. ' employ several hundred thousand men after we get the ships Mr. Chairman, for what purpose is this great Army to be · built to run it, and also the recommendation of the Secretary of kept in Europe? For any benefit to this Nation? No! We War. as reported in the newspapers~ that he favors the com have over and over ·gain disclaimed any intention of exacting pletion of all these Army cantonments, which would require the either indemnity or territory. Is it to establish some po ltion employment of thousands of men annually to keep up? Do you as a world power without any benefit? The name ls not worth think that would be a wise thing? the price. Is lt to gratify the personal ambition of some one 1\!r. HUDDLESTON. I want to try to give nn answer that who wishes to direet the worLd's affairs? Heaven forbid. Is will be respectful to the Secretaries of the Navy 'and War. The it to enforce upon Germany the terms of peace? Germany ltes gentleman may perhaps have observed me long enough ·in the helpless and prostrate. If its army has not surrendered 1t has House to 1·ealize what I mean when I say that I think the passed under the yoke; given up Its artillery, its aeroplanes, Its proposition for an enormous Navy is an "enormity... States machine guns; surrendered the iron rino of fo1'tres es which manship is bankrupt when it can plan no better use for men protected the frontier; abandoned the greater part of its organ than putting them to doing something absolutely nseless in ization, except what is necessary to maintain order, if indeed it order to keep them busy. The great problem of the world can maintain order. Its boasted navy came out of port only to now is to produce food-food and clothing and the common rai e the white flag and now lies idle under guard of our Navy necessaries of life sufficient for the suffering millions of man and its associates. Its great organization, once a model ot kind. It is a poor thing to do to take a man away from pro efficiency, has been shattered so that it can not be re tored in a ducing the necessaries of life tn order to have him produce decade. Instead of having one united purpose lts people would anything else. There is plenty of useful work that needs turn what arms they have left upon each other. and machine to be done; the great problem of the world for the next two guns have begun their deadly rattle in Berlin itself. If Ger years is to get food and clothing and the common necessaries many should attempt to resist, in a short time, without firing a of life. Every man who can work ought to be put to doing some shot. the blockade would starve her into whatever humiliating thing useful in the production of these common necessaries of life. and abject submission the allies chose to demand. If I had control of the matter, Instead of building fleets which It. must be then that tt is intended that the Army which is t1> will be "enormities" when bunt, instead of consuming valuable . be kept in Europe will be used for reconstruction and policing materials and the toil of men's bands in the construction of use purposes, and some even say that it is the intention to pollee le s cantonments, I would put men to providing things that the Russia. Mr. Chairman, to my · mind no more dangerous folly people of the world are crying for, that would relieve hunger could be attempted than to undertake to police a country which , and snfi'm·ing. [Appinuse.] is 7,000 miles in extent from Petrograd to Vladivo tok and 2,000 m11e ln extent from north to south. AU the hosts of the allies i i:~ g~~~l~~w;~e ~~eC~ai~~:~~ti~~~~~.~~a~i~;<;vnr could not do it. Every nationality resents foreign dictation. recently stated before the Senate l\Iilitary A.tralrs Committee- The best remedy for Bolshevikism is to let the people endure that it wa.s intended to keep 32 divisions, or over a million and for a while the pangs of its poison. Nothing el e will cure !a quarter of' men in Europe notwithstanding the war is ended. them. It may be that we owe something to our allies in the waY. 1 The Chief of Staff also has r.ecently made a statement to the of helping them to obtain the indemnity that is due from Ger· 1 effect that preparations had been made by the War Department many. I have no objection to our furnishing a small force for I for the discharge of only 824,000 men of the Army on this side. that purpose, but I do object to our soldiers being used for re .To say that the people at large were surprised and even aston construction work ln Europe. What would this mean? It ished at these stateJL:ents is putting it mildly. The country had would mea.n that our soldiers would be used in rebuilding roads,. Ibeen expecting that all not enlisted for a definite term would be in restoring towns, in manual labor which could be better done I discharged as soon as possible after peace became an established by Chinese at $10 a month, whose subsistence would not cost 1 fact, even though it had not been officially proclaimed. It half what is required for our Army. I protest as vigorously and 1seems, however, that what might be- called a joker crept into firmly as I can against our farmers, our mechanics, our railroad the selective-service bill, whereby instead of being enlisted fur men, our clerks, being used to wield the pick and shovel, or wheel 1, the duration of the war the soldiers were taken during the a barrow, when th.iJ3 work can be done much cheaper by others, period cf the " existing emergency." The " emergency " then and if I mistake not will be sought by thousands from tho " existing" is over, but the language permits the President to famine-stricken regions of Europe. Is it men they want? They put any constructi{)n he de ires upon it. Under it the men can can get them in any number fl·om all parts of a starving be kept not only during the war but for an indcfinJte period after continent. peace has been proclaimed. and apparently it is the intention of Mr. McKENZIE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield for the o.f!icers in command t~ retain in the sen-Ice some of the or a short question "l ganizations which h1lve been longest enlist ~tl. The effect has Mr. GREEN ot Iowa. Yes; I will yield to the gentleman for been JlQt only to fill .witb gloom the hearts of thousands of patri n short question. otic citiz~ns who were the first to offer their services by volun __ :Mr. McKENZIE. Has the gentleman from low~ studied and teering or being in the National Guard, but to plunge into de looked into the powers under the Constitution of the United spondency thousands of others who thought that peace WQuld States that would enable the Commander· in Chief or any other 1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-R01JSE. 959 authority in this country to conscript men into· the Arm.y and will not be kept for a rear. I answer that they wlll unless then send them into a country at peace with us? preparations are made at once for the discharge of those not Mr. GREEN of Iowa. That is a very important question, needed. Bear in mind also that the loss of billions to the Gov which I wish I had time to discuss. It merifs a great deal of ernment is probably equal, if not exceeded, by the loss to the attention, which I regret to say I am unable to give to it in the men themselves, whose business or property is going to waste, time that has been allotted to me. or who might be producers instead of consumers. What is the situation on this side of the ocean? Every Mem Mr. FESS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman allow a ques- ber of this House has received many pitiful appeals from de tion? . · ; pendents who are suffering by reason of a soldier's absence. Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Yes. i There are thousands of soldiers whose only hope of redeeming Mr. FESS. Reverting to the idea that it might congest the t11e business which they were compelled to leave on entering labor situation, we have all heard that suggested, and therefore ' the Army is in an early discharge. There are hundreds of it is contended soldiers should not be discharged until after that ' tllousands idle and useless in the camps on this side for whom matter was assured. Does my colleague think that the soldier I jobs are waiting at home. Some of these jobs must be filled at who is in France, chosen as he was, and considering the ran~ ~nee, some can not be, but failure to fill them will cause far that he occupied at home, would have any difficulty in being I, more loss than the amount of salary attached. Active, en placed back in his own position without any interruption what . ergetic, vigorous young men are burning their hearts out as ever to the labor situation? i they see their dependents suffering, their business ruined, their Mr. GREEN of Iowa. I uo not think so. I am sure it would occupations gone, while they are Ill-erely handling a pick or a not be the case in my district, and I do not think it would be I shoYel for an hour or so a day or aiding in supplying food to in the gentleman's dish·ict. I others as idle as themselYes, if indeed they do anything at all; 1\lr. FESS. It would not. And when you refer to those who I It is not surprising that deserters are numerous. On the other are here, who have not gone over, those who came under the r hand, there are many who do not know what to do with them- second man-power bill, which went down in age to 18, would selves when discharged, and a large number that would be glad not a large proportion of those be of school age, who would con·· to continue in the Army sen·ice if_they knew they were to be tinue to go to school if they c·ould secure their discharge so as to sent to Europe. enter upon their schooling? It is true that the War Department has issued orders that in Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Yes; thousands are wanting to return cases where the soldier has dependents in distress and in some to school. · other special cases the soldier may be discharged upon appli Mr. FESS. That is one of the most distres:;ing features of cation mad& through his superior officer; but in practice so the situation, so far as my district is concerned. Those boys many difficulties have been interposed that months will inter want to get .out and return to school. vene before any action is taken and in many cases meritorious Mr. DOWELL. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yielu? ~ · applications are curtly refused. Some lieutenant, even some Mr. GREEl.~ of Iowa. With pleasure. · : sergeant, holds up the whole proceeding. It lies in some pigeon l\fr. DOWELL. Is there not a general order also that pro· bole for months and nothing whatever is done. hibits the presentation of an application because of a desire to 'I Mr. FAffiFIELD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? finish school work? /1 Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Yes. Mr. GREEN of Iowa. I could not say as to that. In the NayY, ;l 1\Ir. FAIRFIELD. I have had some difficulty of the kind the that is not the rule. In the Army I believe it is, but can not gentleman is suggesting. I would like to know what objection speak positively. there can· be to making 1t mandatory upon the subordinate Mr. DOWELL. In the NaYy they are discharged for the pur ' officer, instead ot giving Wm simply permission to discharge pose of attending school, but does not the reverse hold witll the man? I have had many cases of soldiers in which jobs are respect to the Army? · waiting; farms are going to rack and ruin, and yet I can not 1\!r. GREEN of Iowa. Yes. I am informed that the Army get the men discharged. What objection could there be to adopts a different rule. 1, that? Mr. PLATT. l\Ir. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? i r Mr. GREEN of Iowa. None. I am going to advocate that in 1\Ir. GREEN of Iowa. 'Vith pleasure. '' what I haYe to say further. It should be mandatory; but, Mr. PLATT. The Army orders do not include discharge for instead, my understanding is that the order has gone forth not purpose of education. 'That is one thing that, it seems to me, to discharge any man where he is of any use. we ought to advocate. In the face of this situation we are informed, so far as we l\11·. GREEN of Iowa. Yes; und consequently they do not get can get information from the War Department, tllat about a discharged. The rule should be otherwise. I trust, it will be million men on this side and more than a million on the other changed. l side of the ocean are to be retained for an indefinite period, Mr. HUDDLESTON. ~Ir. Chairm~n, will the gentleman.. the duration of which, short or long, has apparently not been yield? considered. In other words, of nearly 4,000,000 men that were Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Yes. jn the Army at the close of the war, less than one-half are to be Mr. HUDDLESTOX 'Vith reference to the question raised discharged. Much has been said with reference to the prob by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. FEss], I will say to the gentle lems of reconstruction and the difficulties likely to be met in man that I have had recently reports from the United States attempting to solve them. Elaborate plans have been o.ffered Employment Service which show that there is already a surplus '.with a view of determining what course should be taken in of labor in many parts of the country and that that surplus is anticipation of conditions that it is believed will or may arise. gaining rapidly since the armistice was declared. I would not underrate the importance of these subjects or deny Mr. FESS. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield· again? ·the necessity of their consideration, but the most vital question Would the fact of a congested labor situation be a justification before Congress, and the one most pressing, most in need of of keeping our soldiers in Europe a way from their own jobs immediate consideration, is the question of the discharge of our in order to keep men at home employed at abnormal wages? soldiers. You can not reconstruct until you get the soldiers Mr. GREEN of Iowa. I do not think it would produce sucll back home. a situation, but, in any eYent, it would not justify keeping ~ The economic waste involved by the present situation is stag Europe our soldiers, who have been doing the fighting, in order to gering. It cost the Government a thousand dollars per annum employ some one at home. Our first consideration is for the men for every enlisted man before the war ; since then his wages who have borne the brunt of battle and the burden of service. have been more than doubled; the cost of his subsistence and · l\lr. M.Al'-.TN. Will the gentleman ytcld? I do not want to equipment must also be nearly double what it was in 1913. take the gentleman's time. , Capt. Daly, testifying before the Military Committee, said that 1\lr. GREEN of Iowa. I might have it extendeu. I while the war was going on the total cost of the Military Estab Mr. l\.IA.l\TN. I do not think the gentleman's time can be lishment was $6,000 per man annually. I think lt is safe to say extended. that the annual cost for soldiers, not commissioned, is now not Mr. GREEN of Iowa. I would like to yield to tile gentle less in this country than $2,000 per annum, and probably more. man, but I want to get to the solution of tllis question. In Europe, I should judge it was nearer $3,000 per annum than Many imagine that the wealth of the country has been $2,000. In my judgment, preparations ought to be made for the increased by the reason of the inJlation of the currency and discharge of at least a million and a half more men than is now consequent rise in prices, but the real wealth of the countr~ planned. I say preparations, because it requires time to per can only be increased by the production of arlicles an Mr. SMALL. I yield 20 minutes to the gentleman from New or of ·securing him an opportunity to earn a livelihood. It York [Mr. LoNDON]. certainly does not tend to make him more dependent upon Mr. LONDON. Mr. Chairman, I have but 20 minutes, and in himself or less dependent upon others. It does not help to make those 20 minutes I would like to cover the world. him more free. Long before we entered iM.to the world war The gentleman fl·om Alabama [Mr. HUDDLESTON], who has and ever since we have entered it I have insisted that we addressed the House this afternoon, is one of the ablest and take up the problem of unemployment. Again and again have I bravest men in the House. In his remarks he suggested that asked that a study be made of the subject of social insurance. the Government ·pay to each discharged soldier six months' I have been insistent in urging it; you have been insistent salary. His remarks have impelled me to direct what I have in disregarding it. There will be discontent. Do not make to say to the same subject, although I intended originally, when any mistake about it; you can not shout it down; you can not I asked for time, to speak of the international situation. suppress it. A fool order against the red fiag will not alia~ The gentleman from Alabama [Mr. HUDDLESTON] has made restlessness. Calling everything " Bolshevism " will not stop reference to Bolshevism, just as the distinguished gentleman it. You may suppress the emblem but you can not suppress the from Iowa [1\lr. GREEN], who mentioned Bolshevism. It seems discontent. You can not stifle the crttving for a change, you that it is impossible to deliver an address now on any public can not suppress the desire on the part of those who have faced question without using two words, u Bolshevism,,. and "recon danger to get some _genuine reward, not in the form of a struction." Any fool proposition goes under reconstruction and humiliating gift but a reward in seeing the world around them any new idea is opposed as Bolshevism. The hypocrite, the get to be a better world. sycophant, the coward, the man who follows the mob, the de You must take up the problem of the returning soldier as fender of selfish and unclean interests who would preserve part of the problem to improve the economic condition ·of the everything that is vile in the present society, an of them dread masses. You must think not only of the -soldier but. of .the every new thought and every new idea. They speak of Bol now employed whose jobs the returning soldiers will take.; shevism as if they knew what it was, as if it represented the Assume that all employers will be patriotic-! question their. .very incarnation of all that is evil, as if it was hell let loose; patriotism, for I know that every time the Washington profiteer. and whenever any new thought is advanced, whenever a sug doubled his rent he doubled the size of his flag-assume that gestion is made urging that we learn something from the sac every time a soldiet· will ask for his former job he will get it, rifices of the last four years, inuilediately we are met with_the what about the man or woman whose job the soldier will take1 retort," Oh, ypu are advocating Bolshevism." When the Presi We could not trust the great magnates of industry in the tim~ dent of the United States in one ot his letters used the senten of war, when the call for sacrifice should have appealed to all; tious phrase that th~ returning soldier will not tolerate indus but the Government had to take hold of them, curb them, and trial .serfdom,. one of the New York newspapers inquired edi control th~m. If we could not trllst them in times of war, torially, "Where did the President get that Bolshevik phrase?" when the. patriotic appeal is so strong, how can you trust them When the recently elected Democratic governor of New Yor~ in in time of peace? How can you permit them to go unchecked a long and rather interesting' message to the legislature of that and unregulated by the public conscience? State, suggested in somewhat vague terms a number of things The problem, then, is how to provide employment for all, how. that ought to be done in the direction of sOCial legislation, a to use the governmental agencies which we used during the political opponent, -as a sort of a reply to the message of the war for the purpose of promoting war ind'ustrles. how to use governor, said, "We should not cater to any Bolshevistic ten the very same governmental agencies at least during the period dencies." He saw in the modest suggestion ot the governor of transition until society becomes normal again, if it ever will for minimum-wage legislation for women and children and become normal, to prevent general . unemployment. At least health insurance the coming of the dreaded BolshevisiiL during this period of transformation, durl.ng this life of ti·ansi· I have no time to take up the subject. I wish I had. It is a tion, let the governmental agencies, which exercised a curbing new word. It is a new bugaboo. It is something new to influence on capital in time of war, continue, so that we may; threaten people with ; and since socialism has been recognized provide unemployment insurance to the soldier and impose upon as a legitimate theory, and since the socialist movement has him the duty of getting employment, and if he can not get it compelled statesmen and politicians to borrow its raiment, to from a private employer have the Government run various pub borrow some of its thought, and some of its philosophy, those lic works and even industries, if necessary, so that he may1 that are interested in combating the advance of socialist thought obtain employment. Let there be no giving of gifts, let there have conjured up a new horror-that of Bolshevism. be no idleness and compensation for idleness, let the principle Now, to come down to the proposition to give each returning be embodied in life that he who- does not work has no right to soldier $180., I would vote for it if nothing better could be had, live. Unfortunately that principle does not apply on top of but it would not satisfy me. · It is not what we want. You society to-day. Establish the system of nnemployln.ent insur can not acquit yourselves to this generation; you can not per ance, provid~ for Government works, provide, if necessary, that form your full duty to the millions of men. who have fought in the Government should run som~ of the industries n{)W in pri Europe, notwithstanding the fact that Roosevelt says that the vate hands. Let the people learn how to run industries. I most of them did not understand anything at all about the 14 know that the Government running of industries to-day i.s not points of President Wilson-you can not acquit yourselves to the most economic or efficient way of doing things, but the these men by offering them a tip at the conclusion of their people must begin, the people must learn to control and own service, by giving them a gratuity, by giving them a couple of induStries. . See the failure of the-policy of the Democratic Party, dollars. It will not do them any good; it will not do society to curb the trusts and to destroy the trusts. That has failed,. as a whole any good. The war is supposed to have been fought You know that, and the Democrats were themselves compelled~ that the world be made free; that nations may be made free at least so far as foreign exports are concerned, to. permit the democracies. There can be no such thing as a free nation or a trustification of the foreign export branch of industry and com free people or a great people or a great nation unless the merce. You can not destroy a trust, you can not destroy a individual man and the individual woman wh{) compose th~ monopoly, because concentration and efficiency· are laws of community are free to live a full life, are free to develop in industry. Instead ot tu·eaking up large industries, which are in tellectually, physically, spiritually, unless the social structure their nature monopolies, which are, in their ve~·y nature, of of society gives them that opportunity. Every other· form of national scope, instead of breaking them up and destroying democracy is a fraud. Every other form of government which them and stimulating artificial competition, which can not does not give to the great majority of the people an opportunity exist, it is the duty of statesmen to teach the people to utilize to develop individually is not a democracy, no matter by what every advantage of modern efficiency, to utilize every advantage name you may call it. The great sacrifices that have been of concentration, to utilize those advantages for the great made by the world will be of no avail unless we realize this masses of the people. Let the Government take up one industrYJ fundamental truth. The democratic elements of Europe are after another, taking up first the most suitable industries, so awakening to certain hopes. They have suffered more and that the worker will know that he owes a duty to society to they have learned more than we. • work and to be useful, and that in return society owes him the Let us not deceive· ourselves. Although the war is over the duty of a wage which will enable him to live a man's life. fight for genuine democracy is by no means over. Even· the If we can not learn this in spite of the great sacrifices, I d6. feudal system is not yet dead. · not know whether we will ever learn anything. We have been: But the hope is growing that as a result of this war the fed with phrases, phrases, phrases-fighting for democracy;, individual will be placed in a position where he will have a making the world safe for democracy, and what not-no indemni· share in the control of the means essential to sustain the life ties, but reparation, self-determination of nations, but with the of a civilized man. To give to the discharged soldier a few provision always that the little nations will not be permitted dollars as a donation, as a tip, as a gift, does not mean to make to determine their own life but that the big fellows will tell an effort in the direction of improving his economic condition them how they shall exercise this right of self-determination, 962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 2, how they shall be cramped in. Then we have been. told ·that of that there should be any power in the United States greater course this is the last war; but we find that in order to make sure than the Constitution, experience has demonstrated that su that it is the last war we are going to increase our fleet, also preme power is lodged in the Supreme Court-jurists appointed to make sure tha all armaments have been done away with. .for life. The power with final jurisdiction to either nullify or [Laughter.] We are in sympathy with the democratic instincts approve a law of Congress or a constitutional provision is of the great masses of Russia, we are told, but we are also told greater than the Constitution. that we will keep an army there, Constitution or no Constitution, The Constitution provides that all tariffs shall be universal declaration of war or no declaration of war, and when the sol throughout the United States, but we have now one tariff for dier gets back, then our Secretary of the Interior, we learn, will the States, another for Porto Rico, and still another for the appoint a commi sion to investigate the problem of recovering Philippine Islands, and the Supreme Court has decided these swamp lands. The soldier will be taken directly from a French tariff laws as constitutional. Hence the conclusion is inevitable trench to a swamp in Arkansas. [Applause and laughter.] th.at this is a case where the Supreme Court may decide either Mr. SMALL. 1\Ir. Chairman, I yield five minutes to the gen way. tleman from Ohio [Mr. SHERWOOD}. ~r. KENNEDY of Iowa. Mr. Chairman, I yjeld 30 minutes Mr. SHER,VOOD. Mr. Chairman, of course you have ob to the gentleman from illinois [Mr. MADDEN]. served that the Ohio wets have employed a very able-bodied · Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the American lawyer, who has instituted legal action to test the constitu people were greatly delighted when the wires flashed the news tionality of the prohibition amendment to our Federal Consti throughout the .world that the war was over, that the armis tution, based upon the recog~ized fact that the joint resolution tice was signed. I happened to be in Chicago on that day, and submitting the prohibition amendment to the States was not witnessed a scene such as I never saw before, and such as prob adopted ·by two-thirds of the entire membership of Congress. ably no one will ever see again. There everyone in the city The prohibition amendment was adopted by. two-thirds of the assembled within the space of a mile square, and they hugged Members voting, or two-thirds of a quorum. This is a matter and kissed each other, they blew horns, they climbed on top of. of deep interest to all the people of all the States, especially street cars, the girls directed the cab drivers to go where they Pennsylyania. wanted to, they did not pay any fares, they entered the stores The language of the Constitution on this question is as fol and took all of the noise-making instruments they could find, lows : " The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall and everyone was full of joy because the war was over. Since deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitu that time everyone has been wondering why it is .that we do not tion," and so forth.-Article V. get our soldiers back home, and thousands of letters are re ' Article II of the Constitution provides in case of the ratifica ceived every day by Members of Congress, asking them to tion of a treaty-making power of the President as follows: assist in bringing these boys back to the homes where they · "He Shall have power, by and with the advice and consent can help to provide for those who have deprived themselves of of the Senate, provided two-thirds of the Senators present con every necessity of life in order that they might prove their cur," and so forth. patriotism to the country in its hour of need. Every appeal In case of the election of a Speaker of the House, section 3 of that is made to the Army commanders, represented by the Sec the Constitution provides," That a majority of a quorum can do retary of War, or to the Navy commanders, represented by the the business of the' House of Representatives." Under this sec Secretary of the Navy, for the release of. the men tells that tion it·was decided in 1808 and again in 1879 that the Speaker. every obstacle with which it is possible to surround an appli can be elected by a majority of a quorum. cation for discharge must be overcooe, that every hurdle must Tbe fact that the Federal Constitution contains one provision be jumped, before the man can obtain his release. The first for doing the legislative business of Congress, and another pro order purported to authorize the commanders in the camps to vision applying only to the Senate for the ratification of a release the men upon their own applications. Then the order treaty,· and still another provision for submitting a · constitu was modified to require three affidavits from prominent citi tional amendment indicates that the framers of the Constitution zens in the neighborhood to certify to the need of the release regarded these specified functions of Congress as vitally differ either for industrial or for family reasons. Then corr.-es. the ent. And students of the Constitution are now claiming with further edict that if this application, verified by these affi..davits, some .show of reason that the framers of the Constitution re is not considered favorably by the commander a.n appeal can be garded the submission of a constitutional amendment as the taken to the headquarters in Washington, and when Members most important of all the functions of Congress. Hence it is of Congress appeal to the authorities and call their attention . provided that two-thirds of both Houses of Congress shall be to the necessity and importance of ·releasing these men, they required to submit an amendment to the States for ratification. are told that Members of Congress need not apply, that. they This question, however, has never been decided by the Supreme have no standing at court, that their word is of no avail. · Court. It is reported that the Supreme Court of Minnesota has I had a case this morning in the Navy in connection with decided that an amendment to the State constitution of that which I applied for. information caused by a letter coming from State was not legally adopted because it was submitted to the the .mother of six children, five of them too young to worlr, she people by two-thirds of a quorum of the legislature and not by herself a widow, sick, unable to work herself, with a boy in the two-thirds of all members elected. And the language in the Navy, in connection with whose services an allotment was made State constitution of Minnesota is of the same purport as in our nearly nine months ago, not one dollar of which has been paid Federal Constitution. It will be conceded that there is no· func to the widow whose five children at home are unable to assist tion of Congress of more importance or moment than an amend in helping to maintain the family. The answer I received after ment to the fundamental law. And the fact that the framers giving all these facts in the case was that the man must apply of the Constitution, after a full debate, made three distinct dif to his commander and the commander himself woulu investi ferences in language touching the jurisdiction and powers of gate the necessity and importance of letting the man out of the Congress will be used by lawyers more or less critical and wise Navy. I requested to know whethe1· or not the facts as stated that when the Constitution provides that both Houses must by me, because they were stated by me, would be any prejudice have a two-thirds vote to submit an amendment to the Constitu in connection with the man's discharge, and the man to whom tion it does not mean two-thirds of those present nor two-thirds I talked said it wo~d have no influence toward getting him dis of a quorum, but two-thirds of the whole membership elected by charged. I submit that this is an indignity that no Govern a majority vote of the whole American people. If two-thirds of ment official has the right to impose upon any family a member a quorum could submit a constitutional amendment, let us see of which has volunteered to defend the flag. [Applause.] While what might happen. Th~ present House of Representatives all this is going on and our men are suffering as they are at containS 435 Members; a quorum is 218, and two-thirds of 218 Brest, France, waiting for transportation home, sleeping in the is 146. This is 72 less than a majority of Members. Evidently slimy gutter, eating in the slime of the slime, as reported by the framers of the Federal Constitution never intended to frame responsible newspaper men who have been there and seen tho a provision in-the organic law that would allow 146 Congress case, we are told that they have no rights, while officers of the men, or 72 less than a majority of Members, to submit an amend Army are riding around in Government-owned autowobiles ment. · It is a reasonable claim that this great body of the everywhere throughout Washington, driven by men in uniform, wisest and most experienced statesmen and scholars of that paid by the American people whose sons are still sleeping in epoch framed a provision in the Constitution intended to include the slime of the Sluiceways of France, otherwise known as de all the representatives of all the people of all the States. tention camps or rest camps. It is an outrage upon justice, and THE SUPREME COUllT CAN DECIDE EITllER WAY. these men ought to be called to account. I stood on the corner As ·an the people of the States are interested in this constitu of California Street and Columbia Road this morning for 15 tional amendment, it will attract universal interest when this minutes waiting for a street car, directly opposite the Wyoming case goes to the Supreme Court for · final judgment. While it Apartment Building, and there lined up in front of the Wyoming was not intended by the framers · of the Federal Constitution Apartment Bui~ding at 10 o'clock, mind you, were five Govern- 1919. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 963 ment-owned automobiles 'vith five drivers in Army uniform ago at Chaumont, France, to the American soldiers, that the waiting, I suppose, for the second .lieutenants who are living at American people were waiting for an opportunity to acclaim the Wyoming in order that they might take them to the impor th-e returning soldiers, whereas all the returning soldiers that tant business which they have to transact in the department, have ever come have been obliged to do so unheralded and un but which was not sufficiently important to take them out of acctaimed and transferred around every place where an oppor their nests before 10 o'clock in the morning. [Laughter.] .And tunity might be had for the American people to see them and this is going on everywhere throughout this city, and I suppose acclaim them to some camp somewhere, unseen and unheard throughout the Nation wherever we have Army officers. Why no acclaim, no plaudits no encouragement. And of these men should the Government of the United St-ates transport these men I talk about as landing in Chicago a week ago--five of whom, at around in state while the other men who bave given everything least, I know-one was transfer~ed to Camp Dodge, in Iowa ; they have to the Government in its hour of need are compelled another was sent to French Lick Springs, in Indiana ; another still to continue to serve and sleep in the gutter when they ought sent out to Fort Sheridan, Ill. ; and another one sent somewhere to be discharged? This .is a shame; it is a disgrace; it is a in Kentucky, and so on, and each one of these five men was crime for these men to be permitted to use Government prop transferred six times in a week to different places in the country, erty under such circum~tances. We have spent $25,000,000,000, though they were unfit to traveL They were men wounded as I understand it, so far, actual expenditures. We ha•e ap almost to death, and still they were transferred from place to propriated over $36,000,000,000. place and from pillar to post, with no consideration shown them How much of it has been appropriated for automobiles in anywhere. order that these men may ride around in luxury I do not know, Mr. LONDON. On what theory was that done? but there ought to be an investigation of it. The time has come Mr. MADDEN. . I can not tell. But that is why it costs so when the American people are not going to sit idly by and per much for transportation forth~ Army, why it costs so much to mit it. The mere fact that a man is a commissionro officer in demobilize. the Army gives him no more right than the ordinary man, and I saw a case of application for $12,000,000 made to the Naval the ordinary man who pays the taxes when he understands the Committee, and now being considered by it, for -demobilizing men facts will not submit to that kind of iniquity. Oh. but the use to be discharg"€d from the Navy. They said it would take all the of these automobiles is not confined to .A.rmy officers, for I have $12,000,000, perhaps more; because, they said, when they di . seen automobiles owned by the Government taking the wives charged men from the Navy they paid their way to the n-earest of Army officers and their sisters, perhaps, maybe their mothers, station or to the station from which they were enlisted. But my out on calling ti-ips. I saw one yesterday going to three differ experience is best illustrated by the case of a young chap named ent places picking up three di1ferent women, taking them around Conway, who enlisted in the Navy from Chicago. He enlisted to caD on their neighbors, and bow many more were engaged in to-day, say. He was sent to the Great Lakes Training Station. this kind of business I do not know, and each one of the auto He sent me a telegram,- and I sent him one in reply. Before my mobiles that you find doing this sort of business is being driven telegram reached him he was down at Newport. And by the time by a soldier. Why do not these soldiers get their discharge? I got a telegram to him at N-ewpol"t he was at some other place. They want to be discharged. They have other occupations at He ,was at Pensacola, Fla., if there is a station down there, or home which they would like to fill, but of course it would not be to some other place there; and I could not send telegrams fast as convenient for the officers whom these men drive around if the enough over the wire to reach him, because he was transfen~ed · men were permitted to retire to. private life, because they would so often and to places so far apart. And that is what they do be compelled to drive their own machines, and that would be an with the money you give th-em. I got a telegram this morning arduous job for an officer in the Army to perform, especially from Chicago which was sent to me on the 31st day of Decembet·. those officers in the Army who hold these swivel-chair jobs in To-day is the 2d of .January. That was the 31st of December, JV n.c:~hington. one at about 9.-30 in the morning and the other at 12.30 after Is there a time coming when the American people through noon, and I got them this morning just before 11 o'clock. So the Congress of the United States will dare to speak? That is I think we had best commence to send our telegrams by mail. what I want to know. If I have my way there will be a time, [Laughter.] · and this matter will be investigated with all other such methods; Mr. SLOAN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? for I do not believe it was ever the intention of the Congress of 1\Ir. MADDEN. Surely. the United States to appropriate money indefinitely, in lump Mr. SLOAN. Does the gentleman engage to say that tlle sums, to be used for any such purpose or in any such way. Burleson telegraph can not catch up with the McAdoo railroads? And then we have, for example, the Bureau of War Risk In [Laughter.] · surance, which. is a stench in the nostrils of every man that has Mr. MADDEN. I can not tell how they manage U, but some anything to do with it. We have a new man recently appointed how or other since the Government tool{ control of the telegraph to the job. He starts out right. He wrote a letter to every lines it takes me on an average of three days to get a telegram Member of Congress, in which he said tlmt he was going to do from Chicago. the best he could to clean it up and that he wants the coopera But I was speaking about the rate at which we move the e tion of the Congress. God speed him on his way. I want to young men from place to place. The next thing that happened J1elp him. [Applause.] 1 want to help any man who wishes to do was that the young ~pan was sent over to Italy. I was informed th~ right thing. that he was on his way to Italy. Now, you can not get much 1 wrote him a letter and told him he was assuming a great naval knowledge into the head of any man, no matter how smart task, a responsible job, and that he was taking something that he may be, if you are moving him around on trains day anu had taint on it, but that I hoped he would be able to remove the night and taking the money out of the Treasury of the United taint. And the best way, I said to him in my reply, to remove States to pay his expenses. the taint was to remove a lot of the people who were standing in When I called up to-day for somebody to see what could be each othet.. s way down there and make room in the offices of done about getting a young chap out of the Navy who has all the War Risk Bureau for those who were there to do work. the responsibility of a great family on his hands when he is free There is no room for them in which to work now. That is the to act, they said, " There is no chance on earth to get anyo()(]y reason we do not get results~ out of the Navy. We are only letting the men out that we want Why, I have cases which I could enumerate if I wanted to go to let out. We have decided to let 10 per cent of the men out; into details that would make your hair stand on end, cases whe-e 70 per cent of them are asking to get out." the families of soldiers who had been wounded, some with one But we fought for "democracy," and now we have got it. leg off, some with both legs otl', some with both arms off, some [Laughter.] We fought for efficiency, and we have got the with both eyes out, who have not been able to get a dollar for worst inefficiency that I ever saw. 'Ve fought in order that the 11 months, notwithstanding the fact tbat allotments have been world might be free, and yet we are trammeled as we never made. have been before; we are bucked and gagged. We can not get And the men themselves ha'e not been pn.id. They have been a reply from anybody in power anywhere. wounded. They have been taken to the hospitals. They have I called up the Navy this morning. They shunted me off to been treated, and God knows how, in some cases. We whose eight different telephones before they could find a man who families have given their blood to the Nation are going to insist could speak to me about the thing I wanted to talk about. It upen decent treatment for those who yet remain. We can not took me two hours, and then they said he wa.s not the man I afford to Ignore the situation. wanted at all; it wa.s the first man that I had got hold of. Why, a trainload of wounded soldiers came into Chicago the [Laughter.] How are you going to get efficiency out of such other night. There was no one there to meet them. They had conditions? I hope the time will come when we are at peace. to find their way to ambulances or conveyances of one· kind and They say we are still at u·ar. The Chief of Staff says he is· not another the best they could in order to get to hospitals. The going to demobilize the Army in the An1erican carup ; that '"e President of the United States said in a speech a short while are bound to keep 10 divisions of comtmt men in the American 964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-r HOUSE. - JANUARY 2; camps; and when I ask them why, they say, "We do not know enlisted for the war and 10 per cent of those. who enlisted for what is going to happen." · four years, although their terms of enlistment llave not expired. 'Ve have over on the other side about 1,900,000 men who have M.r. MADDEN. I am only telling what I read in the hearings not been sent a way. We have here still about 1,200,000 in the before the Naval Committee. · camps,_apd they say they are going to keep 450,000 of these men Mr. BARKLEY. The orders have been issued and copies o:f permanently, as far as we know. What right have they got to them have been sent broadcast. I suppose tlle gentleman re do that? Who authorizes it? Are we going to stand here and ceived a copy. I know I did. permit it? , Are. .the American people going to be satisfied with Mr. MADDEN. Twenty per cent of the men who volunteered - that sort of thing? Are we forever to continue to heap loads of for the period of the war? taxation on the backs of the American people to conduct this Mr. BARKLEY. Yes. And thmr term of enlistment, when inefficient method of government? they volunteered, was for the period of the war and six months That is what I ask. Does anyone reply? No one replies, not thereafter. even. those up at the. other end of the Avenue. When I tell 1\Ir. MADDEN. The testimony givep by the commander of the them that the American· soldier is sleeping in the slime-filled Bureau of Operations before the Naval Committee will disclose camp at Brest, France, the Secretary of War says, "-I will wire that the men were rather led to believe, without having been told over and find out about it." When you want information here so, that they were only enlisted for the period of the war, but you can not get it. The papers are full of the social activities as a matter of fact they were enlisted for four years; and while in Europe in which the President of the United States is en the officer said they did not intend to convey to the men that they, gaged, but when I tried to get a cable about a man who had would be released at the end of the war, the men themselves lost both legs over there I could not get the cable, and when we understood that they would be released. That is what they said. finally did get the_cable message over there we could not get a Mr. BARKLEY. And I am advised by the department that in reply. In God's name, is it more important to use the American all such cases they are being treated as if they had enlisted for cable to exploit the social activities of the people of Europe and the period of the war and are not being held. the President of the United States than it is to find out the con Mr. 1\IADDEN. Ten per cent of them. dition of men who have been crippled for life while fighting for Mr. BARKLEY. Twenty per cent. freedom and so-called "democracy"? [Applause.] Mr. MADDEN. No; I beg the gentleman's pardon. · Mr. M.(\NN. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman-yield? Mr. BARKLEY. Does the gentleman th.ink all these 70 per Mr. 1\I~DEN. I yield to my colleague. cent who have applied for discharge ought to be discharged? 1\fr. 1\IANN. l\fy colleague made a reference to the policy of Mr. MADDEN. I do not know how many ·ought to be dis the 'Var Department about discharging soldiers, which is so very charged. I do not want to denude the Navy of the men it needs, pat and interesting that I wish he would tell us a little bit more but I think where a good case is made out the men ought to be ·about that, if he can, and the great delay about getting men out discharged. who have jobs waiting for them. · Mr. BARKLEY. I agree with the statement, but the Navy_ Mr. MADDEN. What I did this morning was to call up the Department has left the decision of these cases to the com Chief of Staff, in response to several inquiries that I had. The manding officers, who are in .touch with the men. 'Chief of Staff was busy in consultation with the Secretary of Mr. MADDEN. Yes; I know they have, and at the same time · ~War and I did not get an opportunity to speak to him. 1\Iaj. have given them rigid orders not to permit more than a certain Swing, the son-in-law of th~ Chief of Staff, his private aide, small percentage of the men to get out of the service. was put on the wire, and I asked him to give me the latest order Mr. GREEN of Iowa. Will the gentleman yield? ' that had been issued by the War Department connected with Mr. MADDEN. I yield to the gentleman from Iowa. the discharge of soldiers. · I said that I did not want him to The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman bas expired. act as he did before on an occasion when I went up there, when Mr. 1\IADDEN. I should like to have about two minutes he said he would send the desired information down in two more. hours and did not send it down at all. [Laughter.] I waited Mr. S~IALL. If the gentleman from Iowa [Mr. K ENNEDY] ·for three weeks, and at the end of that time I went up and told has no more time, I have some left. How much does the gen him what I thought about him, and I said that if this had been tleman want? an important military order it might llave lost the war; but as Mr. MADDEN. About three minutes. it was, being a matter pertaining to an ordinary . Member of Mr. SMALL. I yield to the gentleman three minutes. Congress, it did not amount to much ; but he must understand The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Illinois is recognized that he was a military man, obeying orders and filling requisi for three minutes. tions, and that he-must do it promptly. He said the determina Mr. MADDEN. I just want to add to what I have already tion of the department was not to discharge troops in America, said, that while we have been fighting for democracy, and but keep the men in the camps. I asked him how many divi while we are all happy that we won, and happy over the things sions, and he said, "Ten divisions." That means 450,000 men. that we hope democracy will obtain, I was wondering, when I But they say they are discharging men at the rate of 30,000 a read the story of the banquet given by King George to the Pres day. I do not know whom they are discharging, for everybody ident of the United States, with $13,000,000 worth of gold that I have applied for a discharge for has been turned down,' plate upon the table, witll all the guests walking backward and nobody in my neighborhood or anywhere in my district, so and waving their wands and kotowing to Mrs. Wilson ·and far as I have been able to discover, has been discharged. I do the President of· the United States, whetller that was the not know where they are discharged from or where they are to char_acter of democracy for which we fought. [Applause.] I go after they have been discharged. wish for the Preadent of the United States the greatest pos Mr. LONGWORTH. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? sible success in his endeavor to accomplish the object for which ~- Mr. MADDEN. Yes. he has gone to Europe, for, God knows, America wants peace. · Mr. LONGWOR'J;'H. Do I understand there is a naval regu We are a peace-loving people, but I hope that while he is fight· lation recently issued providing for the discharge of not to ex lng for the simplicity of life, in wlllcll we know he believes, th"at ceed 10 per cent? he Will not lead the A..rnerican people to understand that he is -. Mr. MADDEN. That is so. likely to be led away with all the gold plate, while the eyeless, · Mr. LONGWORTH. Can the gentleman state when that was legless, armless men who have given everything they have in issued? the world that we might be free and live the simple life that we :· Mr. MADDEN. I got this from the hearings of the Naval nave lived from the foundation of the Government, that he will Committee only a few days ago. When the commander of the not allow the false gods in European 'nations to tear the ideals . Bureau of Operations was before the committee they asked him away from ~at siJ:npliclty, and that we will continue to live the question, "Why are these men not discharged?" He said, under a democracy that means equality to every man whether . "We need 350,000 men in the Navy. We have 500,000 men high or low, rich or poor, powerful or humble. We won the there now. Applications have been made by 70 per cent of the fight for democracy; let us live democracy and not enter into men for discharge. We have adopted the rule that not more the sacred precincts of any institution where they who sur than 10 per cent of the men can be discharged." If a man is round us must pay obeisance and wave the magic wand in order in the radio service or some such thing as that, he can not be to please our fancy before they leave the room. [Applause.] discharged at all. Mr. SMALL. Mr. Chairman, I understood the gentleman Mr. BARKLEY. Will the gentleman yield? from Iowa to say that he either had exhausted his time or that ~fr. MADDEN. Yes. there were no further requests. Mr. BARKLEY. I know the gentleman wants to be fair. The OHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Iowa has used all Mr. MADDEN. Certainly. I want to tell the truth. his time.- · Mr. BARKLEY. The Navy has issued a regulation permit· Mr. SMALL. I have no further requests on this side, and I ting commanding officers to discharge 20 per cent of tllose who ask that the Clerk commence reading the bill. 1919 . . - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 965 The C~IRMAN. The Clerk ~ill read the bill. 5. A letter from the chairman of the Committee on Public The Clerk read as follows: Information transmitting· sChedule of disbursements for tlle Be it en-acted, etc.~ That the following . sums of money be, and are fiscal year 1919 {H. Doc. No. 1628) ; to ·the Committee on hereby, appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise Appropriations and ordered to be printea. appropriated, to be immediately available, and to be expended under the duection of the Secretary of War and the supervision of the Chief of 6. A letter from the- Secretary of War transmitting item of Engineers, for the construction, completion, repair, and preservation of proposed legislation authorizing the 'Var Department to make the public works hereinafter named : payment in full to enlisted men returning from overseas for 1\lr. SMALL. l\lr. Chairman, I mo\~ that the committee do treatment in United States hospitals (H. Doc. No. 1629) ; to now rise. the Committee on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed. The IL-otion "as agreed to. 7. A letter from the Secretary -of War, transmitting a state Accordingly the committee rose; and the Speaker having re ment showing in detail · what officers or employees who have sumed the chair, 1\Ir. BYRNS of Tennessee, Chairman of the Com traveled on official business from Washington to points outside mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union, reportM of the District of Columbia during the fiscal year ended June that that committee had had under consideration the bill H. R. 30, 1918 (H. Doc. No. 1630); to the Committee on Expendi 13462, the ri\er and harbor bill, and had come to no resolution tures in the War Department and ordered to be printed. thereon. 8. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting report ot LEA.'\-"'E OF ABSENCE. expenditures on account ·of appropriation, " Contingencies of the By unanimous consent, leave of absence was ·granted as fol Army," during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1918 (H. Doc. No. lows: ~ 1631); to the Committee on Expenditures in the War Depart To l\lr. \VELTY for three days on account of illness. ment and ordered to be printed. To Mr. IRELAND, at the request of Mr. 1\lADnEN, leave of ab 9. A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a letter from the Chief of Engineers, reports on preliminary ex sence to the 15th of January, on account of important business. amination and survey of Houston Ship Channel, Tex., with a vie\v EXTEN.SION OF llEM.A.RKS. to securing sucl). increased depth as may be advisable by using 1\lr. ROBBINS. I ask unanimous consent to insert in the the two dredges provided for this project or otherwise {H. Doc. RECORD a speech made by the Hon. WILLIAM S. V ARE, a Member No. 1632); to the Committee on Rivers and Harbors and ordered of the House, before the City Business Club of Philadelphia on to be printed, with illustrations. the 9th of December, on business and political conditions. 10. A letter from the Assistant Secretary of War, transmit The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the ting report of a board appointed to ascertain and determine t.he gentleman from Pennsylvania? amounts due on claims for dama.ge to and loss of private prop There was no objection. erty occasioned by the explosion and fire at the plant of the T. A. Gillespie Loading Co. at'l\Iorgan, N.J. (H. Doc. No. 1633) ; niVER AND HARBOR BILL. to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. Mr. SMALL. Mr. Speaker, I have had a · number of inquiries in regard to the matter of proceeding with the river and harbor REPORTS OF COMl\flT-TEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND bill to-morrow. We are ready and anxious to proceed, but I RESOLUTIONS. understood that notice has been given of a contested-election case being taken up. . Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, bills and resolutions were sev Mr. MANN. The Committee on Elections gave notice before erally reported from committees, delivered to the Clerk, and the holidays that it would call up the contested-election case referred to the several calendars therein named, as follows : to-morrow. While I have not talked with any member of the Mr. SINNOTT, from the Committee on the Public Lands, to committee to-day, I know it is the expectation of the people which was referred the bill (H. R. 12770) to reserve as part of interested that the case would come up to-morrow. the Oregon and Siuslaw National Forests in Oregon certain Mr. SMALL. The gentleman from Illinois says he has in lands that were revested in the United States pursuant to the formation that it will be called up to-morrow. decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States, reported Mr. MANN. No; I have not information that it will, but I the same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 883), ha\e information that gentlemen interested in it expect it to which said bill and report were referred to the Committee of be called up. The Delegate from Alaska expects it to be called the Whole House on the state of the Union. up to-morrow. He also, from the same committee, to which was referred the l\fr. Sl\IALL. I am informed that if called up it would in bill (H. R. 13019) to authorize the purchase by the city of 1\Iyrtle terrupt the river and harbor bill. Point, Oreg., of certain lands formerly embraced in the grant The SPEAKER. It would. It is of the highest privilege. to the Oregon & California Railroad Co. and revested in the Mr. Sl\IALL. If it is not called up, 1\fr. Speaker, we will United States by the act approved June 9, 1916, reported the proceed with the river and harbor bill. I move that the House same with amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 884), which do now adjourn. said bill and report were referred to the Committee of the Whole ADJOURNMENT. House on the state of the Union. Mr. DILLON, from the Committee on Interstate and Foreign The motion was agreed to; accordi.Jigly (at 5 o'clock and 16 Commerce, to which was referred the bill {H. R. 13004) ex-' minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Friday, tending the time for commencing construction of bridge and January 3, 1919, at 12 o'clock noon. for maintenance of pontoon and pile bridge by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Co. a·cross the Missouri RiYer EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. at or near Chamberlain, S. Dak., and providing additional re quirements for bridge to be constructed, reported the same with Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were amendment, accompanied by a report (No. 885), which said bill taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows : and report were referred to the House Calendar. 1. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury transmitting 1\Ir. SINNOTT, from the Committee on the Public Lands, to the annual report of the operations of the Federal Farm Loan which was referred the bill {S. 2784) to authorize the purchase Board for the fiscal year ended November 30, 1918 {H. . Doc. No. by the city of McMinnville, Oreg., of certain lands formerly em~ 1624); to the Committee on Banking and Currency and ordered braced in the grant to the Oregon & California Railroad Co. and to be printed. revested m the United States by the act approved June 9, 2. A letter from the Secretary of the Interior transmitting 1916, reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a the average number of employees under th~ governor of Alaska report (No.-886), which said bill and report "ere referred to receiving increased compensation at the rate of $120 per annum the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. (H. Doc. No. 1625); to the Committee on Appropriations and Mr. STEPHENS of Nebraska, from the Cgmmittee on Inter ordered to be printed. state and Foreign Commerce, to which was referred the bill 3. A letter from the Assistant Secretary of War transmitting (H. R. 13393) to extend the time for constructing a bridge across annual report of typewriters, adding machines, and similar the Missouri River between the States of Nebraska and Iowa, labor-saving devices exchanged during the fiscal year 1918 by reported the same with amendment, accompanied by a report t11e Quartermaster Corps (H. Doc. No. 1626); to the Committee (No. 887), which said bill and report were referred to the on Appropriations and ordered to be printed. House Calendar. 4. A letter from the Secretary of War transmitting a pro Mr. WINSLOW, from the Committee on Interstate and For posed bill authorizing the retirement of members of the Army eign Commerce, to which was referred the bill (H. n. 13369) Nurse Corps (female) (H. Doc. No. 1627) ; to the Committee granting the consent of Congress to the board of county com on Military Affairs and ordered to be printed. missioners of the county of Hampden, in the Commonwealth of 966 CONGRESSIONAL R.ECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 2, Massachusetts, to reconstruct ·a bridge across the Connecticut Also, a bill (H. R. 13598) granting an increase of pension to River between Springfield and West Springfield in said county Charles S. Allen; to the Committee on Pensioll3. · and Commonwealth, reported the same with amendment, ac By Mr. HULL of Iowa: A bill (H. R. 13599) granting an ln· companied by a report (No. 888), which said bill and report crease of pension to Seth Brooks; to the Committee on Invalid were referred to the House Calendar. - Pensions. ~so, a bill (H. R. 13600) granting an increase of pension to PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, ~D 1\IEMORIALS. Darnel H. \Voodruff; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memorials By M~. KETTNER: A bill (H. R. 13601) granting a pen ion were introduced and severally referred as follows: to Harriet E. Schwyhart; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. FRENCH: A bill (H. R. 13580) to pension the sur By Mr. MANN: A bill (H. R. 13602) granting an increase of vivors of certain wars from January 1, 1858, to January 1, 1888, pension to George P. Clayton; to the Committee on Invalid · inclusive, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Pensions. Pensions. By Mr. BARKLEY: A bill (H. R. 13581) to provide for the By MI:. McCULLOCH: A bill (H. R. 13603) granting an in enforcement of war prohibition; to the Committee on the crease of pension to James Rowland; to the Committee on In· Judiciary. valid Pensions. By Mr. FULLER of lllinois: A bill (H. R. 13582) to provide By Mr. McKINLEY: A bill (H. R. 13604) granting a pen ion additional compensation to men who have served in the Army, to Porter G. Holleman; to the Committee on Pensions. Navy, or Marine Corps during the European war and who have By ~r. TAYLOR -of Arkansas: A bill (H. R. 13605) granting been or may be honorably discharged from sueh service ; to the a pensiOn to Thomas Samuel Garen; to the Committee on Pen· Committee on Military Affairs. sions. By Mr. BANKHEAD: A bill (H. R. 13583) authorizing and By Mr. WALDOW: A bill (H. R. 13606) granting an increase c :!•ecting the Secretary of War to grant an honorable dis of pensio:Q to Herbert C. Purdy.; to the Committee on Pensions. charge to drafted and enlisted men upon certain grounds, and By .Mr. WINGO: A bill (H. R~ 13607) granting an incren e for other purposes; to the Committee on Military A.1Iairs. of pension to Eliza H. East; to the Gom.mittee on Invalid P e n~ By Mr. KING: A bill (H. R. 13584) providing for the exten sions. sion of the post office at Galesburg, Ill.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. . PETITIONS, ETC. By l\1r. HAMILTON of New York: A bill (H. R. 13585) to l'elmburse surviving Civil War prisoners; to the Committee on Under clause 1 of Ru1e XXII, petitions· and papers were 1ai Also, petition of Boiler Makers of the Minneapolis & St. Louis SENATE. and Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railroad Co., Flour City Lodge No. 11 of Minneapolis, Minn., protesting against the FRIDAY, Ja:nuary 3, 1919. action taken by Senator KELLoGG in regard to Government . ownership of railroads and favoring .Mr. McAdoo's five-year The Chaplain, Rev. Forrest J. Prettyman, D. D., ·offel'ed the Governm~nt control; to the Committee on Interstate and For following prayer : eign Commerce. Almighty God, we seek the light of Thy divine truth upon the Also, petition of Mr. William Chisholm, of Minneapolis, Minn., problems that confront us this day. 'Ve haYe found from all our requesting the continuance of Government control and favoring eXperiences that human wisdom is not sufficient for human life. GoYernment ownership of railways; to the Committee on Inter Thou hast given to Thy children the revelation of Thyself. 'Ve state and Foreign Commerce. pray that Thou, who didst command the light to shine out of Also, petition of l\linnehaha Lodge, No. 827, J. F. Fritz, re the darkness, wilt manifest forth Thyself upon the path of cording secretary; A. M. Hansan, financial secretary, of 1\Iinnc human progress and lead us to accomplish the divine will. For apolis, Minn., protesting against the order of Hon. William Mc Christ's sake. Amen. Adoo forbidding railroad employees aspiring to public office ; to The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and approved. the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. E::\IPLOYEES IN THE DEPARTMENT Ol!' JUSTICE {S. -DOC. NO. 31!>). Also, petition of Custom Tailors' Union, Local No. 89, of Min The VICE PRESIDENT 1aid before the Senate a communica- neapolis, Minn., requesting modification of proposed luxury tax tion from the Attorney General, transmitting, in response to 11 on clothing; to the Committee on Ways and Means. resolution of Decembet· 23, 1918, a list showing the number of Also, petition of theater owners of Minnesota, by John C. civil employees in the c.lepartment January 1, 1919, and the num Sweet, attorney, protesting against increase of 10 pel' cent ber discharged during the previous two weeks, which was ordered amusement tnx; to the Committee on ·ways and Means. to lie on the table and be printed. AI o, petition of League of Minnesota Municipalities, protest ing against the proposed direct and indirect tax on municipal COST OF THE WAR (S. DOC. NO. 320). bonds; to the Committee on Ways and Means. The VICE PRESIDEN'r laid before the Senate a communica Also, petition of carmen of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. tion from the Attorney General, transmitting, in response to a Pa uI Railroa ll at 1\li n neapolis, consisting of 1,000 members, pro resolution of December 23, 1918, certain information relative to testing unanimously against private ownership of railways, and the cost of the war, which was ordered to lie on the table and asking Go"\""ernment ownershlp of all railroads for the gooc.l of be printed. the puhlic service; to the Committee on Inter tate and Foreign MAINTEK.ANCE OF ROADS {S. DOC. NO. 321)_- Commerce. By Mr. NOLAN : nesolution by the San Francisco Labor Coun The VICE PRESIDENT laid before the Senate a communica cll, favoring public ownership of te1egeapll and telephone sys ~on from the Secretary of Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant tems of the United States; to the Committee on the Post Office to law, the annual report of expenditures for the fiscal year an(l Post Roads. 1918, out of tbe funds appropriated for the survey, construction, Also, resolution by the San Francisco ],abor Council, favoring and maintenance of roads and trails within or only partly within the national forests, which, with the accompanying paper, was Go"\""ernment ownership of railroads; to t11e Committee on Int~r to stn t e :mel Foreign Commerce. referred the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry and By Mr. OSBORNE: Memorial of Bon. Lean F. Moss, of Los ordered to be printed. Angeles, Cal., to the Members of the Congress of the Unit.ed CABLE SERVICE. States in the matte•· of Government owned, controlled, and mam 1\Ir. GHERl\IAN. Mr. President, I desire to have printed in tained paved highways; to the Committee on Roads. the RECORD, but not read, certain reports showing the cable By Mr. !tAKER: Resolution by Albany (Oreg.) Commercia! grams from abroad used by the news service, and I ask unani Club, indorsing the Poindexter-Raker military highway bill; mous consent for about from three to five minutes' time to ad to th ~ Committee on Roads. dress the Senate. Also, petition of Cenh·al LabOl' Council of Vallejo, Cal., ex The VICE PRESIDENT. Is there objection? The Chair pressing disapproval of the admission- of Chinese and Mexican hears none. laborers into California; to the Committe€' on Labor. Mr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I have those cablegrams, Also, resolutions by the Vallejo (Cal.) Trades and Labor Coun and will send them to the Secretary's desk. I have indicated cil, protesting against the return to private ownership of the by pencil the limited parts of them which I desire to have raihray systems of the United States; to the Committee on printed in the REcoRD. · Intel'state and Foreign Commerce. The VICE PRESIDENT. In the absence of objection, per A.lso, resolution by the city teachers of Sacramento, Cal., in mission to do so ·wm be granted. The Chair bears none. dorsing Senate bill 4987 ;· to the Committee on Education. The rna tter referred to is as follows : Bv Mr. RANDALL: Petition of Central Labor Council of Los (From the Washington Times.] Ang'eles, Cal., favoring five years' extension of Government opera PRESIDENT TO STOP AT QUffiiNAL PALACE. tion of the railroads; to the Committee on Interstate and For ROME, Decenlber 2, 1918. eign Commerce. President Wilson will reside ln the Quirinal Palace on his ;islt here, Also, resolutions of the ]j'riday Morning Club, of Los Angeles, occupying the royal reception suite, it was announced to-day. Cal., favoring the _McKellar-Keating civil-service bill and oppos ing the Pomerene amendment thereto; to the Committee on LFrom the Washington '.rimes.] Reform in the Civil Service. MRS. WILSON WILL GET PARIS GOWNS. NEW YORK, December 1, 1918. By 1\fr. TINKHAM: Resolutions by the County Galway Men's Without departing from her "made In America " principles. Mrs. Ben€\olent Association of Greater Boston, relating to self Woodrow Wilson is to have several new Paris gowns, it became known determination for Ireland; to the Committee on Foreign Af here to-day. · .A Fifth Avenue dressmaker sailed for France on the steamer Rocllam fnirs. beau, ta king with him trunks containing materials from which Mrs. Wil· By Mr. VARE: Resolutions of tbe Phlladelpbia Chamber of son•s· gown will be made. Commerce, urging legislation to validate oral war contracts; to [From the Washington Times.] the Committee on Military Affairs. BIG PAL~CE OF PRINCE MUR~T Is MADE READY FOR PRESIDENT-A Also, resolutions by Wanamaker & Brown, Philadelphia, re CLOSJJT FOR 50 SUITS OF CLOTHES-BATHROOM 30 FEET SQUARE~ DINING TABLil TO SEAT 35 PEOPLE-DINNEU SERVICE O.B' PURE GOLD~ lating to legalization of 'Var DepaYtment contracts given ver 'rELEPHONES IN EVERY ROOM-FRENCH 'IROOPS TO STAND GUARD. bally by officials of that department; to the Committee on Mili (By Henry G. Wales, I. N. S. staff correspondent.) tary Affairs. PARIS, December 11. • Also, resolutions relating to the development and operation of Final details of making the residence or Prince Murat ready for the the American merchant marine, adopted by the Philadelphia occupancy of President and Mrs. Wilson were completed to-dav. Tel.e pbones have been installed throughout the mansions, even in the dress· Maritime Exchange; to the Committee on the Merchant Marine mg rooms and bathrooms. and the electric lighting system has been ancl Fisheries. improved. President and Mrs. Wilson will dine at an inlaid mahogany table By 1\fr. WARD: Petition of Rev. M. Freinberg and citizens of large enough to accommodate 35 guests. The princess left behind the HUllson, N. Y., praying for international guaranties against any celebrated gold dinner service for the use of the presidential party. repetition of anti-Semitic outrages, and that Jews be given the A beautiful gondola-shape bed was set aside for the President. Mrs. Wilson will steep in a canopied bed of pink brocade with pink rights of life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness; to the Commit tapestries. Mrs. Wilson will have tbe services ot Georgette, the per tee on Foreign Affairs. sonal maid to Princess Murat.