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Jurnal Bios Logos Vol JURNAL Vol. 11 (No.1), Februari 2021, 19 – 27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jbl.11.1.2021.31260 BIOS LOGOS E-ISSN: 2656-3282 Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology P-ISSN: 2088-9569 and Higher Education No. 28/E/KPT/2019 Jenis-Jenis Tumbuhan Suku Zingiberaceae di Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga Sulawesi Tengah (Plant Species of Zingiberaceae In The Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve, Central Sulawesi) Ramadanil Pitopang1, Reza Rizaldi1, M. Fajri Ramadhan M Saleh2, Panji A. Ramawangsa3 1) Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Tadulako, Palu, 94117 2)UPT Keanekaragaman Hayati Sulawesi Sulawesi, Universitas Tadulako Palu, 94117 3) Jurusan Arsitektur, FT Universitas Bengkulu, Bengkulu, 38371 *Email: [email protected] (Article History: Received 14 November 2020; Revised 15 December 2020; Accepted 5 January 2021) ABSTRAK Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman jenis jahe-jahean (Zingiberaceae) di Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga telah dilakukan dari bulan Oktober 2019 - Januari 2020. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji jenis- jenis tumbuhan yang tergolong Zingiberaceae di Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga. Penelitian dilakukan secara survei di lapangan, menggunakan metoda eksplorasi (jelajah). Identifikasi spesimen dilakukan di Laboratorium Biosistematika Tumbuhan Jurusan Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tadulako. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat sebanyak 8 jenis yang terdiri atas 4 marga. Jenis yang ditemukan adalah Alpinia eremoclamis, A. rubricaulis, Alpinia sp1, Alpinia sp2, Etlingera tubilabrum, Etlingera sp., Sulettaria sp. dan Zingiber sp. Kata kunci: Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga; Sulawesi Tengah; Zingiberaceae ABSTRACT Research on Diversity of ginger (Zingiberaceae) in the Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve has been carried out from October 2019 - January 2020. The research was aimed to determine the species of plants belong to Zingiberaceae family in the Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve. The study was conducted by survey in the field, using exploration methods (exploring). Specimen identification was carried out at the Plant Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Tadulako University. The results showed as many as 8 species consisting of 4 genera. The species found were Alpinia eremoclamis, A. rubricaulis, Alpinia sp1, Alpinia sp2, Etlingera tubilabrum, Etlingera sp., Sulettaria sp. dan Zingiber sp. Keywords: Pangi Binangga Nature Reserve; Central Sulawesi; Zingiberaceae PENDAHULUAN perhatian banyak peneliti sejak masa Zingiberaceae merupakan kelompok Linneaus, begitu juga aspek pemanfaatannya tumbuhan Liliopsida yang tergolong dalam ordo yang sebagian besar telah digunakan sebagai Zingiberales bersama dengan 7 famili lainnya rempah-rempah, bumbu, obat-obatan serta yaitu Strelitziaceae, Lowiaceae, Heliconiaceae tanaman hias (Heyne 1987; Van Balgooy Musaceae, Cannaceae, Maranthaceae, dan 2001; Sukari et al. 2008; Prabhukumar et al. Costaceae (APG IV 2016), berhabitus herba 2015; Pitopang et al. 2019). teresterial yang tersebar luas secara alami di kawasan tropis dan subtropis terdiri atas 51 Zingiberaceae tergolong dalam marga (26 diantaranya terdapat di kawasan kelompok tumbuhan yang jenis-jenisnya Malesia) dan 1400 jenis (Van Balgooy 2001; memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi, Newman et al. 2004; Kress et al. 2005). terutama dari genus Zingiber, Amomum, Beberapa marga tumbuhan monokotil yang Alpinia, dan Curcuma. Jahe (Zingiber termasuk dalam suku Zingiberaceae adalah: officinale), kunyit (Curcuma domestica), Curcuma, Zingiber, Amomum, Alpinia, lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) banyak ditanam Etlingera, Elettariopsis, Hedychium (Utteridge di pekarangan rumah sebagai penghasil dan Bramley 2015). rempah-rempah atau bahan masakan. Menurut Newman et al. (2004) bahwa status taksonomi suku ini menjadi Pitopang et al., Jenis-jenis Tumbuhan… 20 Keanekaragaman jenis-jenis Pangi Binangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan Zingiberaceae di Sulawesi Tengah kurang untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman jenis banyak diketahui. Pitopang et al. (2019) jahe-jahean (Zingiberaceae) di Cagar Alam melaporkan sebanyak 24 jenis dari Pangi Binangga yang diharapkan bermanfaat Zingiberaceae dimanfaatkan oleh sebagai data ilmiah tentang keanekaragaman masyarakat sekitar di Taman Nasional Lore jenis “jahe-jahean” (Zingiberaceae) di Cagar Lindu Sulawesi Tengah sebagai bahan Alam Pangi Binangga. pengobatan tradisional seperti daun Alpinia eremochlamys sebagai penambah tenaga, METODE buah katimba (Etlingera flexuosa) sebagai Waktu dan Tempat Penelitian bahan masak/bumbu masak, rimpang Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan lempuyang (Zingiber zerumbet) sebagai obat Oktober 2019 – Januari 2020, bertempat di rematik dan sakit perut. Kajian lain terhadap Cagar Alam (CA) Pangi Binagga Kecamatan aspek fitokimia dari beberapa jenis Parigi Tengah, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong, Sulawesi Tengah (Gambar 1). Kawasan ini Zingiberaceae juga sudah pernah dilaporkan berjarak sekitar 68 km dari ibu kota Propinsi (Ramadanil et al. 2019). Beberapa jenis Sulawesi Tengah (Palu) yang melewati jalur “jahe” endemik Sulawesi seperti Etlingera trans Sulawesi dimana jalur trans tersebut ada flexuosa dan Alpinia eremochlamys yang termasuk daerah khusus CA Pangi berpotensi sebagai obat anti virus HIV Binangga. Kawasan Cagar Alam ini secara (Zubair et al. 2020), bersifat antijamur geografis terletak pada 120,026o– 120,106o BT (Pitopang et al., 2020), juga sebagai dan 0,714o–0,816o LS. Tipe ekosistem yang antibakteri (Pitopang et al. 2020). terdapat di kawasan ini adalah ekosistem hutan Cagar Alam (CA) Pangi Binangga hujan tropis dataran rendah (100–1.000 m dpl), beiklim tipe A dengan rata-rata curah hujan adalah salah satu Cagar Alam yang terletak o di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah yang belum 2.355 mm/tahun, suhu rata-rata 19–26 C dan kelembaban udara 80% (BKSDA Sulteng, banyak diungkapkan keanekaragaman 2015). Identifikasi spesimen dilakukan di tumbuhannya. Kawasan ini terletak di Laboratorium Biosistematika Tumbuhan Jurusan Kabupaten Parigi Moutong memiliki luas Biologi Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu 6.158,75 Ha, ditetapkan berdasarkan Surat Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tadulako. Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 3895/Menhut-VII/KUH/2014 tanggal 13 Prosedur Kerja Mei 2014 sebagai kawasan suaka alam yang Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan keadaan alamnya mempunyai kekhasan mengumpulkan seluruh jenis-jenis tumbuhan tumbuhan, satwa, dan ekosistemnya atau Zingiberaceae menggunakan metode jelajah ekosistem tertentu yang perlu dilindungi dan (Ramadanil et al. 2019). Seluruh contoh jenis perkembangannya berlangsung secara alami Zingiberaceae dilokasi penelitian diambil (koleksi) untuk digunakan sebagai spesimen (BKSDA Sulteng, 2015). herbarium dimana prosedur pembuatannya Keanekaragaman jenis Zingiberaceae mengikuti Bridson dan Forman (1999). liar yang terdapat dalam kawasan Pembuatan koleksi herbarium dengan cara konservasi Cagar Alam Pangi-Binangga mengambil bagian tumbuhan minimal 3 – 5 belum banyak diungkapkan. Saleh dan duplikat secara lengkap, meliputi bagian daun, Hartana (2018) melaporkan 5 jenis yaitu bunga, buah, batang dan rimpang. Selanjutnya Alpinia galanga, Alpinia sp., Amomum sp., sampel diberi label gantung berisikan informasi Zingiber officinale dan Zingiber zerumbet, nomor koleksi. Setelah itu sampel dibungkus namun jenis yang dilaporkan merupakan dengan kertas koran dan dimasukkan kedalam tanaman yang dibudidayakan oleh plastik kemudian disemprotkan dengan spiritus. masyarakat sekitar kawasan. Oleh sebab Informasi-informasi penting yang mendukung dalam proses identifikasi dicatat pada buku itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk lapangan, seperti tinggi, diameter tumbuhan, menyediakan informasi terkini mengenai nama lokasi, ketinggian, habitat, nama ilmiah, Zingiberaceae khususnya di kawasan CA nama lokal, kegunaan serta karakter-karakter 21 Jurnal Bios Logos Vol. 11 No.1, Februari 2021 yang mudah hilang maupun berubah ketika khusus dengan cara menyimpannya dalam botol proses herbarium seperti warna. Bunga dan yang berisi larutan “Copenhagen Solution” buah dari jenis yang ditemukan dikoleksi secara (Bridson dan Forman 1999). Gambar 1. Cagar Alam Pangi Binangga, Kabupaten Parigi Moutong Sulawesi Tengah. Identifikasi tumbuhan diverifikasi kebenarannya melalui Spesimen yang berasal dari lapangan www.plantlist.org dan www. ipni.org. selanjutnya dibawa ke Laboratorium Biosistematik Tumbuhan, Jurusan Biologi Analisis Data FMIPA Univ. Tadulako untuk dilakukan Morfologi dari jenis Zingiberaceae yang pengeringan. Proses pengeringan menggunakan didapatkan di lokasi penelitian dideskripsi oven listrik. Setelah semua spesimen kering, berdasarkan hasil pengamatan di lapangan dan di dilanjutkan dengan dengan proses pengeplakan Laboratorium. Terminologi yang digunakan (“mounting”) di atas kertas bebas asam, setelah dalam deskripsi mengikuti Mabberley (2008) itu diberi label herbarium pada sudut kanan dan Stearn (1988). bawah yang terisi informasi penting seperti Data lapangan yang dicatat meliputi nama famili, nama jenis, nama kolektor, tanggal, lokasi, kondisi habitat. Morrfologi tumbuha tempat dilakukan koleksi, habitat, informasi yang diamati diantaranya batang etnobotani, dan deskripsi ringkas tentang (permukaan, warna), daun (bentuk, dasar, tumbuhan tersebut. Identifikasi dilakukan ujung, pertulangan, panjang daun, panjang dengan mengacu pada: Jiang et al. (2000), tangkai daun, permukaan daun); perbungaan Larsen et al. (1999), Utteridge and Bramley (2015), van Balgooy (1997, 1998, 2001), (bentuk, permukaan, percabangan, jumlah Poulsen (2013) serta berdasarkan
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