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Ethnomedicinal Profile of Flora of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan

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ISSN: 2717-8161 RESEARCH ARTICLE New Trend Med Sci 2020; 1(2): 65-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ntms Ethnomedicinal Profile of Flora of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan Fozia Noreen1*, Mishal Choudri2, Shazia Noureen3, Muhammad Adil4, Madeeha Yaqoob4, Asma Kiran4, Fizza Cheema4, Faiza Sajjad4, Usman Muhaq4 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan 2Department of Statistics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan 3Governament Degree College for Women, Malakwal, District Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan 4Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Gujrat Sialkot Subcampus, Punjab, Pakistan Article History Abstract: An ethnomedicinal profile of 112 species of remedial Received 30 May 2020 herbs, shrubs, and trees of 61 families with significant Accepted 01 June 2020 Published Online 30 Sep 2020 gastrointestinal, antimicrobial, cardiovascular, herpetological, renal, dermatological, hormonal, analgesic and antipyretic applications *Corresponding Author have been explored systematically by circulating semi-structured Fozia Noreen and unstructured questionnaires and open ended interviews from 40- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 74 years old mature local medicine men having considerable University of Sialkot, professional experience of 10-50 years in all the four geographically Punjab, Pakistan diversified subdivisions i.e. Sialkot, Daska, Sambrial and Pasrur of E-mail: [email protected] district Sialkot with a total area of 3106 square kilometres with ORCID:http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6096-2568 population density of 1259/km2, in order to unveil botanical flora for world. Family Fabaceae is found to be the most frequent and dominant family of the region. © 2020 NTMS. Keywords: Analgesic, Antipyretic, Renal, Gastrointestinal, Dermatological. 1. Introduction Study of green extracts as therapeutic agencies have Herbal medicines are reported as curative agents for emerged as a major field of science. Plants are effective 80% of this population by World Health Organization less cost biological repositories of medicinal (WHO) (6). WHO has ultimately reiterated the usage of compounds witnessed for a large series of ailments by traditional herbal medicines for primary health care for th traditional medicine men in geographically diversified these parts of world (7). Pakistan being the 10 most District, Sialkot in province of Punjab in Pakistan (1). populated country (8) is categorized under low income About 50% of plants of worldwide flora (2), is countries (9). Poor sanitary system of rural area is presenting valuable potentials, prior to high-throughput triggering the pathogenic bacteria for causing serious screening and the post-genomic era of scientific infectious diseases like gastro-intestinal, pneumonia, research for curing a list of acute and chronic disorders pulmonary, renal, antimicrobial, and dermatological since times of ancient civilizations (3), with technically disorders at rapid pace (10). About 61.6% of the total nil drawbacks (4), both for human and animals entitled of rural population of Pakistan is supposed to rely on as unani, folk, eastern, or indigenous medicine (5). readily available herbal bank (11). Despite of a rapid economic race riding over the horse About 6000 medicinal plants are reported in Pakistan of science and technology, almost over three-fourth of under various surveys (12), with 600/6000 flowering the total world population is facing a drastic rundown plants which are executing medicinal properties. of allopathic medicines. Pharmaceutical industry is indulged with more than Cite this article as: Noreen F, Choudri M, Noureen S, Adil M, Yaqoob M, Kiran A. Cheema F. Sajjad F and Mushaq U. Ethnomedicinal Profile of Flora of District Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan, New Trend Med Sci 2020; 1(2): 65-83. 66 Ethnomedicinal Profile of Flora of District Sialkot half from natural origin even in this modern world of highest rainfall in Pakistan. Highest precipitation rate pharmaceutical drug development. of 252 mm is recorded in August, and minimum in It has been identified that more than 88/119 plant based November. It is spitting, drizzling and heaven opening drugs were discovered as a result of research on weather here often. medicinal plants. Pakistan is trading about 2500 species Previously an ethnomedicinal study of District Sialkot in the international market of organic medicine (13). has been conducted by Zareen et. al. Medicinal package Although Pakistan is an agricultural country chiefly of about 48 plant species with 35 shrubs species (14), but unluckily with less emphasis to systematic belonging to 22 angiosperm families was documented. cultivation of medicinal plants like Russia, Lucknow, Indigenous people reported the use of medicinal shrubs European Union (EU) and China, where the total output for the treatment of human ailments of digestive tract, earning of pharmaceutical industry largely depends rheumatic pains, dermatological, cardiac and upon the cultivation of such medicinal plant (15). For pulmonary problems etc. from a long period for promotion of this hidden and less studied green bank of generations to generations, with positive results (17). Pakistan, various areas have been searched out, but An extended survey of Sialkot including all its sub- some are still hidden and demanding attention for their divisions has been carried out in order to explore hidden discovery. A well-planned systemization of botanical ethnomedicinal significance (18) of area in front of the knowledge of the regions with higher consumption of world, which can provide a social and economic back these natural green agents can open a new market raise to the inhabitants in the regard of their natural raw it not only for population of Pakistan, but also for factories and establishment of an international market international market at reasonable prices. Following for the almost all countries of all sub continents existing this source of inspiration, we have selected District at this time and space. Sialkot as our test city to recover a new word of natural medicines. Sialkot is in the north-east of the Punjab province running along the Chenab River, in the north. It is a climatic heaven which dramatically lies partly in Forest (less humid) zone, while remaining large part of country is lying in Arid (dry) zone (16). The mentioned area is characterized by its humid subtropical climate. From one side it resides at the foothills of the snow- covered peaks of Kashmir, at an elevation of 256 meters above the sea level between 32°30' North latitude and 74°31' East longitude. Sialkot is just a few kilometers from Indian-occupied Jammu Kashmir in north, Gujrat by the North-West, Gujranwala by the West and Narowal by the south shown in Figure 1. Figure 2: Plantation along famous Nala Aik of Sialkot 2. Material and Methods Methodology was conducted in following rounds: Round 1: To collect systemic facts and figures of ethnomedicinal flora of four subdivisions of District Figure 1: Satellite Location Map of Sialkot. Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan, four teams of well-trained members were designed to conduct a survey of all subdivisions. Random sampling of major medicinal Three small seasonal streams viz. Aik, Behr and Palkhu plants used by all mature and experienced medicine are also provoking hands of natural growth of men and individuals availing herbal medicines for biodiversity of plants. The total area of the district is health care in the selected regions is made. The approximately 3.106 sq. kilometers comprising of four conduction of the task was made by a survey through subdivisions with green ethnomedicinal floor. Average interview method. The interview consisted of temperature of 23.64 oC has been recorded, minimum unstructured open-ended questions to collect almost all of 5.7oC in January that rises up to a maximum value of possible basic information regarding following major 40.7 oC in June. Sialkot is among the regions with questions. Noreen F et al. 67 1.Names of medicine men, along with their age and institute of training. 2. From how many years you are working in this field? 3.What are the local names of plants used as herbal remedies? 4.Which part (roots, shoots, stems, leaves, fruits or whole plant) is used for particular disease? 5.For which medical issue the mentioned plant is used? Details of reporting individuals are given in Table 1: Round 2: After collection of detailed raw information regarding above mentioned seven questions, a feedback Sialkot Sambarial Daska Pasrur of patients availing mentioned herbal medicines of the medicine men was recorded by circulating another Figure 3: Comparative fraction of ethnomedicinal questionnaire among sample of population consisting species of four subdivisions of Sialkot District. of ten questions and consequences regarding various herbal medicines Figure 3 depicts a relative ratio of ethno botanical Based on statistical results of above feedback, a list of species in Sialkot District with highest of 31% plants of with the most positive feedback was prepared. contribution with herbarium of 51 species constituting Short listed data of plants was searched out for the 26 herbs, 8 shrubs and 17 trees of Sialkot Subdivision English names through search engine named under itself, including Achyranthesaspera L., Google Urdu, because the raw data collected from local Adhatodavasica, Aegle marmelos L., Aloe Indica L., medicine men was in local
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