Notably Range Extension of Sturnira Aratathomasi Peterson and Tamsitt 1969 in Perú

Short Notes 561

Notably range extension of Sturnira aratathomasi Peterson and Tamsitt 1969 in Perú

VÍCTOR PACHECO and PETER HOCKING

Departamento de Mastozoología, Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, A.P. 14-0434, Lima-14, Perú; E-mail of VP: [email protected]

Key words: Sturnira aratathomasi, distribution, Perú, Apurímac, the Andes, dry forests

INTRODUCTION S. aratathomasi indicate it inhabits the premontane and montane life zone from The genus Sturnira is one of the most 1,650 to 3,165 m a.s.l. (Soriano and Molina- speciose genus of Neotropical bats. Cur- ri, 1987; McCarthy et al., 1991; Alberico et rently, no less than 15 species are recog- al., 2000). nized (Pacheco and Patterson, 1991, 1992; Here, we provide information on the Koopman, 1993; Iudica, 2000; Sánchez- specimens from San Martín and report on Hernández et al., 2005; Simmons, 2005). three additional specimens from the Depart- Among them, the Aratathomas’s yellow- ment of Apurímac, extending the southern shouldered bat Sturnira aratathomasi and range of the species more than 840 km. the greater yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira magna, are the two largest species of the MATERIALS AND METHODS genus; however, the former is one of the less known species in the genus. Most of the A distributional map of S. aratathomasi is pre- specimens of S. aratathomasi come from sented, with all records mapped using ArcView 3.2 on the Northern Andes, where as few as 18 an altitude map developed by WorldClim, version 1.4 specimens are known from Mérida state, (Hijmans et al., 2004). Coordinates were taken from Tamsitt et al. (1986), Alberico (1987), Soriano and Venezuela (Soriano and Molinari, 1984), Molinari (1987), McCarthy et al. (1991), Paynter the departments of Cauca, Caldas, Huila (1997), CastaZo et al. (2003), and Lehr et al. (2004). and Valle del Cauca, Colombia (Tamsitt et The report of Solari et al. (2001) was based on al., 1986; Soriano and Molinari, 1987; Al- two specimens (MUSM 7305, 7306) captured at Las berico 1987, Alberico et al., 2000; CastaZo Palmas, ca. 32 km NE de Pataz, Department San Mar- et al., 2003), and from Ecuador (Peterson tín, at 2,000 and 2,100 m a.s.l. (ca. 07°34’12.65’’S, 77°17’50.64’’W). The specimen MUSM 7305 was and Tamsitt, 1968). The presence of S. ara- captured on 19 July 1990 in montane forest, and it is tathomasi in Ecuador is based on two spec- a male with testes 4 × 3 mm; whereas the specimen imens collected from an unknown locality MUSM 7306, sex undetermined, was captured on 21 before 1874; since then, no other specimen August 1990 at riverine vegetation, near the river. has been recorded for that country (Albuja, Other species captured at the lower montane forest of 1999; Tirira, 1999). Las Palmas were: Anoura caudifer, A. geoffroyi, Ca- rollia brevicauda, Platyrrhinus ismaeli, P. nigellus, McCarthy et al. (1991) reported the Sturnira bidens, and S. erythromos (Velazco, 2005; first specimen of S. aratathomasi from M. Romo, personal comm.). The lower montane for- Perú based on a juvenile male specimen est of Río Abiseo is characterized by the appearance (LSUMZ 21484) mist-netted on 29 August of palms (Chamaesorea poeppigiana and Prestoea 1978, east of La Peca, at 3,165 m in the acuminata), cyclanths (Asplundia moritziana, and Cordillera Colán, Department of Amazonas. Sphaeradenia steyermarkii), other trees (e.g., Case- aria nigricolor, Cecropia sp., Cestrum spp., Clusia Later, the species was also reported from spp., Ficus spp., Oreopanax spp.), and by the absence Río Abiseo, Department of San Martín (So- of tree ferns and the bamboo Chusquea scandens lari et al., 2001). The reported specimens of (Young and León, 1988, 1991). 562 Short Notes

RESULTS DISCUSSION

The three specimens reported here, were Soriano and Molinari (1987) argue mist-netted at Cconoc (ca. 13°32’47”S, against Thomas and McMurray (1974) 72°38’39”W, elevation 1,925 m), Depart- suggestion that S. aratathomasi might be ment of Apurímac, on 8 May 2002 by P.H., a common species at higher elevations. at the border of the Río Apurímac. This A plot of all localities versus elevation sup- place is a forest dominated by trees of Pro- ports Soriano and Molinari (1987) because sopis juliflora, Acacia macracantha, Schi- all (22 specimens with elevation data), ex- nus molle, Eriotheca discolor, and other xe- cept four, were collected from 1,650 to rophytic elements such as columnar cacti 2,200 m, at the lowest limit of its altitudinal and Parkinsonia praecox, which character- range. Capture data from mistnetting are not ize a typical dry forest of interandean val- a reliable method for obtaining abundance, leys (Fig. 1). This record appears to be the but we suggest that the range between 1,650 first time the species is captured in dry for- to 2,200 m appears to be the optimal range est habitats. The capture effort was only six for the species. mistnet-night, and no other bat species were The examined Peruvian specimens agree captured in the same place. The specimen in external pelage coloration with the type MUSM 19153 is a female with develop- description and other specimens collected teats suggesting a lactating condition; ed so far. The San Martín specimens have whereas the other two ones (MUSM 19151, a clear brownish tone whereas the Apurímac 19152 — Fig. 2) are male adults but lack re- specimens are a composite: two specimens productive data. have the grayish tone (both males) and the

FIG. 1. Dry interandean forest in Cconoc, 1,925 m a.s.l., at the border of the Río Apurímac, Department Apurímac, Perú, where S. aratathomasi was collected Short Notes 563

The external and cranial measurement of the San Martín and Apurímac specimens (Table 1) agree with the data reported else- where (Peterson and Tamsitt, 1968; Thom- as and McMurray, 1974; Soriano and Mo- linari, 1987). The palates of all Peruvian specimens examined here present also several small cavities of irregular shape, size, and distribution (Soriano and Molinari, 1987), and appears to be distinctive for the species. Peterson and Tamsitt (1968) stated that the lower incisors of S. aratathomasi are bifid, but Pacheco and Pat-

FIG. 2. A male individual of S. aratathomasi (MUSM terson (1991) scored the middle lower inci- 19152) collected from Cconoc sors of the holotype as trilobed, similar to the score of McCarthy et al. (1991) based other the clear brownish one (female). The on a juvenile specimen (LSUMZ 21484). noseleaf, lips and orbicular ring are con- The Peruvian specimens examined here spicuously dark in the Apurímac specimens. have also the middle lower incisors tri- The epaulettes are absent in all specimens. lobed, and the outer lower incisors bilobed,

TABLE 1. Summary statistics for external and craniodental measurements (in mm) and body mass (in g) of S. aratathomasi from the departments of San Martín (n = 2) and Apurímac (n = 3), Perú, compared with the holotype specimen (USNM 395158)

San Martín Apurímac Parameter Holotype1 0 ± SD Min–Max 0 ± SD Min–Max Body mass2 – 52.5 ± 7.07 47.5–57.5 47.7 ± 2.08 46.0–50.0 Head and body length 101.0 81.5 ± 10.61 74–89.0 91.7 ± 2.89 90–95.0 Hind foot length 21.0 18.3 ± 0.35 18.0–18.5 18.7 ± 0.29 18.5–19.0 Ear length 21.0 22.0 ± 0.00 22.0–22.0 20 ± 0.00 20.0–20.0 Forearm length 59.0 58.4 ± 0.42 58.1–58.7 57.3 ± 1.61 55.5–58.6 Metacarpal length of 3rd digit 57.0 54.1 ± 1.06 53.3–54.8 54.7 ± 0.20 54.5–54.9 Length of 1st phalanx of 3rd digit 21.0 20.9 ± 0.85 20.3–21.5 21.6 ± 1.13 20.7–22.8 Length of 2nd phalanx of 3rd digit 28.5 28.1 ± 0.78 27.5–28.6 28.3 ± 0.40 27.9–28.7 Greatest skull length 29.6 28.1 ± 0.37 27.8–28.3 27.7 ± 0.33 27.3–28.0 Condylobasal length – 26.2 ± 0.71 25.7–26.8 25.7 ± 0.51 25.1–26.0 Condylocanine length – 25.4 ± 0.52 25.1–25.8 24.8 ± 0.37 24.4–25.1 Palatal length – 11.4 ± 0.35 11.2–11.7 11.5 ± 0.16 11.3–11.6 Maxillary toothrow length 8.3 7.9 ± 0.27 7.7–8.1 7.9 ± 0.11 7.9–8.1 Zygomatic width 17.7 17.1 ± 0.32 16.8–17.3 16.8 ± 0.10 16.7–16.9 Braincase width – 13 ± 0.00 13.0–13.0 13.1 ± 0.07 13.0–13.1 Lacrimal width 8.5 8.3 ± 0.06 8.3–8.4 7.9 ± 0.09 7.8–8.0 Postorbital width 8.2 7.3 ± 0.00 7.3–7.3 7.5 ± 0.10 7.4–7.6 Palatal width at second molar – 9.6 ± 0.00 9.6–9.6 9.7 ± 0.08 9.6–9.8 Palatal width at canines 8.7 8.1 ± 0.28 7.9–8.3 7.8 ± 0.09 7.7–7.9 Dentary length 18.0 18.0 ± 0.23 17.8–18.2 17.8 ± 0.34 17.4–18.1 Mandibular toothrow length 9.2 8.8 ± 0.08 8.7–8.8 8.7 ± 0.12 8.6–8.9 Coronoid height – 7.2 ± 0.00 7.2–7.2 7.1 ± 0.10 7.0–7.2 1 — Data from the holotype specimen was taken from Peterson and Tamsitt (1968) 2 — Variables are described in Peterson and Tamsitt (1968), and Pacheco and Patterson (1992) 564 Short Notes and that appears to be typical for the species range extends farther south to species. Bolivia. Records of S. aratathomasi suggest that Montenegro and Escobedo (2004) re- the species has a long, narrow and con- ported S. aratathomasi from a lowland neo- tinuous distribution along the Andes from tropical forest, in Río Apayacu, at 35 km Venezuela to Central Perú (Fig. 3), in habi- north of the Río Napo and Río Amazonas tats of dry interandean, and lower and confluence, Department of Loreto, Perú upper montane forests from 1,650 to 3,165 (3°07’00”S, 72°42’45”W; approximately m a.s.l. In Colombia the species was re- 120–150 m a.s.l.), but the voucher was not corded in the three Cordilleras, but in Pe- retained impending a proper re-identifica- rú it is reported only on the lower mon- tion. This record is the first from lowland tane forests of the eastern slope of tropical forest but disagrees with all previ- the Andes and the deep interandean val- ous ones from the Andean region (Fig. 3). leys of the Río Apurímac. It is likely the Sturnira magna is also a large bat distrib- uted from 200 m to 2,300 m a.s.l., from 80° 70° lowland neotropical forest to montane wet forests (Graham, 1983; Patterson et al., 1996). It overlaps the range distribution of S. aratathomasi in its upper range, although no sympatry has been documented (Soriani 10° and Molinari, 1987). We suggest the Mon- tenegro and Escobedo’s (2004) record might have been confused for S. magna because of its large size similar to S. aratathomasi. Nonetheless, additional efforts are re- quired to confirm its distribution at lower elevations. Sturnira aratathomasi is reported from the biogeographical units of Chocó Mag- 0° dalena and NorAndina areas in the cate- gory of Data Deficient (Rodriguez, 1998). In Perú it is not listed as a threatened species (D.S. 034-2004-AG, Ministerio de Agricultura, Perú). According to IUCN (2004) the species is listed as LR/nt (near threatened); however, because we lack ap- propriate data on abundance, distribution and habitat preferences, we suggest S. aratathomasi should be categorized as Data 10° Deficient.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Collecting permits were issued by the Ministerio FIG. 3. Map of distribution of S. aratathomasi based de Agricultura (INRENA), Lima. We thank Edgar on 22 specimens. The localities from Ecuador are Lehr for partly supporting, with Peter Hocking, the unknown and were not included field expedition. Asunción Cano (MUSM) kindly Short Notes 565 provided botanical information of the Peruvian local- Biological Inventories Report 12, The Field Mu- ities. Thanks are also extended to Heidi Quintana seum, Chicago, 273 pp. (MUSM) for masterly preparing the map in Fig. 3. PACHECO, V., and B. D. PATTERSON. 1991. Phylog- Mariella Leo (APECO) help us to obtain the coordi- enetic relationships of the New World bat genus nates for Las Palmas, Department of San Martín. Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 206: 101–121. ITERATURE ITED L C PACHECO, V., and B. D. PATTERSON. 1992. Systematics and biogeographic analysis of four species of ALBERICO, M. S. 1987. Notes on distribution of some Sturnira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) with em- bats from Southwestern Colombia. Fieldiana: Zo- phasis on Peruvian forms. Memorias del Museo ology (N.S.), 39: 133–135. de Historia Natural, UNMSM (Lima), 21: 57–81. ALBERICO, M., A. CADENA, J. HERNÁNDEZ-CAMACHO, PATTERSON, B. D., V. PACHECO, and S. SOLARI. 1996. and Y. MUYOZ-SABA. 2000. Mamíferos (Synapsi- Distributions of bats along an elevational gradient da: Theria) de Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 1: in the Andes of south-eastern Peru. Journal of 43–75. Zoology (London), 240: 637–658. ALBUJA, L. 1999. Murciélagos del Ecuador, 2nd edi- PAYNTER, R. A., JR. 1997. Ornithological gazetteer tion. Cicetrónic Cía. Ltda, Quito, 288 pp. of Colombia, 2nd edition. Museum of Compar- CASTAYO, J. H., Y. MUYOZ-SABA, J. E. BOTERO, ative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, and J. H. VÉLEZ. 2003. Mamíferos del Departa- 539 pp. mento de Caldas-Colombia. Biota Colombiana, 4: PETERSON, R. L., and J. R. TAMSITT. 1968. A new 247–259. species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyl- GRAHAM, G. L. 1983. Changes in bat species diversi- lostomatidae) from northwestern South America. ty along an elevational gradient up the Peruvian Royal Ontario Museum, Life Sciences Occasional Andes. Journal of Mammalogy, 64: 559–571. Papers, 12: 1–8. HIJMANS, R. J., S. CAMERON, and J. PARRA. 2004. RODRIGUEZ, J. V. 1998. Listas preliminares de mamí- WorldClim, Version 1.4 (release 3). A square kilo- feros colombianos con algún riesgo a la extinción. meter resolution database of global terrestrial sur- Informe final presentado al Instituto de Investi- face climate. [http://www.worldclim.org]. Down- gación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von loaded on 06 January 2006. Humboldt. [on-line URL: http://www.humboldt. IUCN. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Spe- org.co/conservacion/Listas_Preliminares.htm]. cies. [http://www.iucnredlist.org]. Downloaded SÁNCHEZ-HERNÁNDEZ, C., M. L. ROMERO-ALMARAZ, on 29 January 2006. and G. D. SCHNELL. 2005. New species of Stur- IUDICA, C. A. 2000. Systematic revision of the neo- nira (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) from Northern tropical fruit bats of the genus Sturnira: a molec- South America. Journal of Mammalogy, 86: ular and morphological approach. Ph.D. Thesis, 866–872. University of Florida, Miami, xii + 284 pp. SIMMONS, N. B. 2005. Order Chiroptera. Pp. 312–529, KOOPMAN, K. F. 1993. Order Chiroptera. Pp. in Mammal species of the world: a taxonomic 137–241, in Mammal species of the world: a tax- and geographic reference, 3rd edition (D. E. WIL- onomic and geographic reference, 2nd edition (D. SON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). The Johns Hopkins E. WILSON and D. M. REEDER, eds.). Smithsonian University Press, Baltimore, xxxv + 2142 pp. Institution Press, Washington D.C., 1207 pp. SOLARI, S., E. VIVAR, P. VELAZCO, and J. J. RO- LEHR, E., N. CARRILLO, and P. HOCKING. 2004. New DRÍGUEZ. 2001. Small mammal diversity from species of Drymoluber (Reptilia: Squamata: Co- several montane forest localities (1300–2800 m) lubridae) from Southeastern Peru. Copeia, 2004: on the eastern slope of the Peruvian Andes. Pp. 46–52. 262–264, in Biological and social assessments of MCCARTHY, T. J., L. J. BARKLEY, and L. ALBUJA V. the Cordillera de Vilcabamba, Peru (L. ALONSO, 1991. Significant range extension of the giant An- A. ALONSO, T. SCHULENBERG, and F. DALLMEIER, dean fruit bat, Sturnira aratathomasi. Texas Jour- eds.). RAP Working Papers 12 & SI/MAB Series nal of Science, 43: 437–438. 6. Conservation International, Washington D.C., MONTENEGRO, O., and M. ESCOBEDO. 2004. Mamí- 296 pp. feros. Pp. 80–87, in Perú: Ampiyacu, Apayacu, SORIANO, P. J., and J. MOLINARI. 1984. Hallazgo de Yaguas, Medio Putumayo (N. PITMAN, R. C. Sturnira aratathomasi (Mammalia: Chiroptera) SMITH, C. VRIESENDORP, D. MOSKOVITS, R. PIA- en Venezuela y descripción de su cariotipo. Acta NA, G. KNELL, and T. WACHTER, eds.). Rapid Científica Venezolana, 35: 316–317. 566 Short Notes

SORIANO, P. J., and J. MOLINARI. 1987. Sturnira arata- VELAZCO, P. M. 2005. Morphological phylogeny of thomasi. Mammalian Species, 284: 1–4. the bat genus Platyrrhinus Saussure, 1860 (Chi- TAMSITT, J. R., A. CADENA G., and E. VILLARRAGA. roptera: Phyllostomidae) with the description of 1986. Records of bats (Sturnira magna and Stur- four new species. Fieldiana: Zoology (N.S.), 105: nira aratathomasi) from Colombia. Journal of 1–53. Mammalogy, 67: 754–757. YOUNG, K. R., and B. LEÓN. 1988. Vegetación de la THOMAS, M. E., and D. N. MCMURRAY. 1974. Obser- zona alta del Parque Nacional Río Abiseo, San vations on Sturnira aratathomasi from Colombia. Martín. Revista Forestal del Perú, 15: 3–20. Journal of Mammalogy, 55: 834–836. YOUNG, K. R, and B. LEÓN. 1991. Diversity, ecology, TIRIRA, S. D. 1999. Mamíferos del Ecuador. Publi- and distribution of high-elevation pteridophytes cación Especial, Museo de Zoología, Centro de within Rio Abiseo National Park, north-central Biodiversidad y Ambiente, Pontíficia Universidad Peru. Fern Gazette, 16: 25–39. Católica del Ecuador, 2: 1–392.

Received 04 February 2006, accepted 05 June 2006

Aggressive behaviour of greater mouse-eared bat (Myotis myotis) towards lesser horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus hipposideros) in a hibernaculum

KRZYSZTOF PIKSA

Institute of Biology, Cracow Pedagogical University, Podbrzezie 3, 31-054 Kraków, Poland E-mail: [email protected]

Key words: Myotis myotis, Rhinolophus hipposideros, aggressive behaviour, hibernation

INTRODUCTION Aggressive behaviour is also often observed during the mating season (Mc- Aggression occurs in many forms and Cracken and Wilkinson, 2000). In this case, can be an important adaptive behaviour it concerns the males, which defend their (Rarmirez, 1998). Also among bats, aggres- roost sites (Davidson and Wilkinson, 2004) sive behaviour is observed in different situ- or female groups (McCracken and Brad- ations, and can take on different forms, as bury, 1981; Gerell-Lundberg and Gerell, occurs in other mammals. Aggression in 1994). Such behaviour is also observed in bats has been observed during feeding. This mating colonies and consists of utilizing behaviour is expressed through chasing and and defending the traditional roosting and pursuing fight patterns as well as through foraging sites by females (McCracken and scaring away a newcomer of the same or Bradbury, 1981; Rydell 1989; Kerth et al., different species from the feeding area 2002). In most cases, the aggression is usu- (Ransome, 1990). Many times this type of ally reduced to agonistic behaviour, that is, behaviour is accompanied by agonistic and to confrontational behaviour without fight- aggressive calls generated and emitted by ing. However, there are rare incidents of di- the aggressive bat (Racey and Swift, 1985; rect fights (physical contact) between bats Ransome, 1990; Barlow and Jones, 1997). (Rydell, 1986), which very rarely lead to the