BI mII m m [I] Public Library I of m Steubenville & Jefferson County W Ohio m

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REVA ASHCRAFT

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PUBLIC LIBRARY OF STEUB. & JEFFERSON CO.

3 2157 00310 5640 PIONEER HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA

L. K. EVANS

Waynesburg Republican Waynesburg, Pa. April 3, 1941 .SCH. 97k

REPRINTED BY GREENE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY WAYNESBURG, PA. 1969

McCLAIN PRINTING COMPANY PARSONS, W. VA. iAN 1999

FOREWORD This series of articles is reprinted from the files of the Waynesburg Republican of 1875 and 1876. L. K. Evans, a native of Monongahela Township, was editor of the Republican during the Civil War and for several years following. These articles have always been regarded as con- taining the most authentic as well as the most interesting account of pioneer history of Greene County. .j. .I First Settlement West of Blue Ridge Editor Republican: In a former paid her passage fare across the seas, issue of your paper I proposed from she donned the male attire, and with time to time to publish scraps of the moccasins and hunting shirt, delved pioneer history of our county and into the unexplored forest for the vicinity. In order to introduce these purpose of making improvements and articles I shall give an incident that thereby possess herself of the lands. occurred during the progress of im- Thirty cabins were erected by her migration westward from the eastern own daring, diligent, solitary hands, shore of Virginia. which entitled her to as many hun- Near 150 years ago John Lewis im- dred-acre farms, when years after- migrated from Great Britain to Vir- ward, the accounts of the settlers of ginia, and settled on a creek bearing the Burden grant was made up. No his name, near Staunton, on the up- wonder that the Burdens were per Shenandoah. struck with astonishment when it Lewis made a visit to Williamsburg was, upon investigation, discovered in 1736 and met Benjamin Burden, that all these deeds to the name of then fresh from England, and pre- Mulhollin were honestly acquired by vailed on him to go along to his the fortitude and toil of an adventur- forest home beyond the mountains. ous Irish maiden. Possessing her- Upon his return from his adventur- self of the necessary titles to these ous visit, Burden took with him a valuable estates, she "resumed her buffalo calf, which he and Lewis' christian name and feminine dress," boys had caught and tamed, and pre- and we infer was courted and won by sented it to Governor Gooch, who some sensible and enterprising hero thereupon authorized him to locate of the times; for our information any quantity of land on any of the adds, "many of her respectable des- waters of the Shenandoah or James cendants still reside within the limits rivers, not exceeding 500,000 acres, of Burden's grant." This is all we conditionally, that he should settle may ever know of her-quite suffi- 100 families thereon within 10 years. cient, however to render her name The next year, 1737, Burden went imperishable. Probably no braver back to England and brought over heart ever beat in maiden breast, more than 100 families to colonize and no more courageous incident was his grant of land. ever recorded in all the annals of true feminine heroism-a deed de- A Pioneer Girl serving to be enshrined in the mem- Along with one of these families ory of every American. Heroes have came Polly Mulhollin, an Irish ser- oft been deified for deeds of valor vant girl. Upon the expiration of her less noble far than this. term of servitude, during which she L. K. Evans.

First Owners of the Land We Live On A few stray traders, wandering highest civilization yet attained by from tribe to tribe of the aborigines man. Think of it, reflecting reader! west of the Alleghenies may have an- A howling wilderness, an unbroken teceded the historic events I am forest, the haunt of bear and buffalo about to narrate, "but they neither and kindred beasts, and of savages cultivated nor occupied the land." wild and free. 0, if these grand old There were no civilized residents in hills had speech to tell of the awful all this wide expanse of earth's best solitudes of the wasting years of the garden lands, where multiplied thou- ages gone! Or of the rise and fall sands now habitate and enjoy the of the patient, toiling millions of

5 mound builders who were the English arms, Col. Washington, who pristine dwellers in these valleys, or was posted at Wills creek, near Cum- that other more enterprising and in- berland, determined to push forward telligent race who inhabited the and erect a fort on the Monongahela, majestic cities of Mexico, which were where Brownsville now is, and mysterious ruins in the days of the gather strength sufficient to drop Aztecs. But however rife specula- down the Monongahela and expel the tions may be, these are hidden truths, French invaders. destined ever such to remain except as revealed by the foot prints of time Washington's Project Foiled indelibly stamped on the everlasting rocks or by fossils buried deep in the Hurrying forward with three com- earth. panies, he learned that the French One hundred and twenty-seven had anticipated his movement and years ago Thomas Lee associated were coming out to meet him. Ten with himself a dozen others, known miles east of Uniontown he halted, as the "Ohio Land Company," and and at what is known as the Great obtained a grant of half a million of Meadows, fortified somewhat. Thence acres principally between the Monon- he led out a detachment and sur- gahela and Kanawha rivers. In 1750, prised a reconnoitering party of the Christopher Gist, who afterwards French, killing 10, wounding 1, and figured as Washington's guide, was taking 21 prisoners, and sustaining sent to explore the country. Whilst very little loss to his own party. He on this expedition it is said that two then pushed forward to near the old chiefs asked Mr. Gist where the point now occupied by Connellsville, Indian's possessions laid - seeing but upon learning that a large party that the French claimed all the land of French were close at hand, he con- on one side of the Ohio, and the cluded to fall back to his little Fort English all on the other-a question at Great Meadows, where he awaited to which the gallant explorer had the coming of the French, and where some difficulty in making a satisfac- he was overpowered by superiority of tory answer. numbers and had to capitulate. Such was the beginning of the career that Fort Du Quesne eventuated in the proud name of "Father of his Country," destined to In the intervening years, treaties surpass all others in all that consti- were formed and preliminary surveys tutes true greatness. made, and on the 17th of April, 1754, L. K. Evans. whilst Captain Trent with a military company was engaged in building a P. S.-The incidents narrated in fort on the site now occupied by the the foregoing ought to be far more city of Pittsburgh, a French com- minutely treated, but they occurred mandant made his appearance on the outside the writer's bailiwick, and Allegheny with a flotilla of boats and this article is only intended to pave canoes, and a motley crew of over the way to the consideration of 1,000 warriors, panoplied with all events immediately succeeding and the paraphernalia of war. Masters which were essentially local to this of the situation the French possessed county, and it must be borne in mind themselves of the place, completed that to get within the limits of a the fort and dubbed it "Du Quesne." newspaper article requires, in this Upon hearing this disaster to the instance, much condensing. L. K. E.

6 The First White Resident The history of civilization in hills on south and west and east. Greene county is scarcely antedated Then, as now, was heard Cheat by that of her sisters on the east or "riffle's" constant roar. Then, not south. It is said by one historian now, the hills with forests dense that prior to the year 1754 Wendell were clad. Then, not now, nature Brown and his two sons and Freder- held her sway supreme, and laid tri- ick Waltzer, and perhaps others set- bute soil and sun and rain at will. tled about four miles west of Union- What spectacle now midst these aw- town. Another chronicler of early ful solitudes attracts my sight. What events remarks that about the year strange sounds commingled with 1754 David Tygart and a Mr. Files dame nature's monotonous din, falls attempted a settlement in Tygart's sweetly upon my ear. Three gro- valley on a branch of the Mononga- tesque, hardy pioneers engaged in hela in West Virginia, which has earnest devotion to God-morning since been known as Tygart's river. thanksgiving-evening prayer-with Files' family speedily fell a prey to loud acclaims of anthems sung. savage atrocity, whilst Files himself Glorious beginning! Hallowed spot! and the Tygart family beat a hasty Would that, when instead of Indian retreat. war whoop, locomotive screams are heard along the lovely valley, after Not long after these settlements, generations may project and build on says the same authority, Dr. Thomas a magnificent city and his two that beautiful site Eckarly (or Eckerlin) and call it Eckarlin, and rear therein brothers came from eastern Pennsyl- grand and majestic temples to the vania and encamped at the mouth of that the memory of Mo- worship of God, a creek which emptied into the this trio of Godlike men may for all nongahela about ten miles below remain imperishable. Morgantown. These were not fierce time and terrible warriors, equipped with The Removal gun and hatchet and knife to avenge How long they remained to enjoy the blood of kinsmen slain. Nor this well selected home is not a mat- were they reckless desperadoes, who ter of record. But, whether in search hunted redskins, as sportsmen for of better hunting grounds or for recreation only, hunt down beasts of greater security from hostile savages prey. But they were pioneers of or some other prudential motive, we peace, panoplied with the armor of can but guess, they did in time re- Christian faith, bearing the olive move to the fertile bottom land on branch of God's eternal love to man. Cheat river, which, true to their re- They were Christian men, whose love ligious instincts, they gave the name of church exceeded far the love of of "Dunkard Bottoms." Here they self. For whilst they reared no enjoyed still other years of undisput- monument to perpetuate the name of ed and undisturbed possession, Eckarlin, Dunkard, the name they though a cruel warfare was constant- gave the noble romantic creek, will ly waged on all the settlements round commemorate the name of their re- about. ligious persuasion to the remotest In all this lapse of years, the stock generations of earth. of ammunition, and salt, and shirting In imagination I can go back near- was wasting gradually away, and had ly 120 years ago and behold a lone become so nearly spent that it was cabin built on the beautiful bottom found necessary to procure a fresh lands that skirt the two historic supply. Dr. Eckarlin, leaving the streams. Three men in a shaggy domestic forest home to the faithful costume of animal skins were seen brothers' care, departed with a pack tilling their garden lands and hunt- of skins and pelfry to a trading post, ing game for food and fur. Then, as (now Winchester) beyond the moun- now, rose high aloft the majestic tains, on Virginia's Shenandoah. 7 Having secured the coveted articles, inner recesses of the reader's better he hastily retraced his steps to rejoin nature conceive the unutterable his brothers in their lonely hermitage horror. in the western wilds on the clear, The bereaved one and his escort, deep black waters of Cheat. Stop- converted now to sympathizing ping at Fort Pleasant to spend the friends, performed the funeral rites, night, and rest his weary bones, he and retraced their steps, in solemn entertained and interested the in- silence, to the fort from whence they habitants by relating his adventures came, deploring no doubt their during the years just passed. He arbitrary and cruel behavior in greatly aroused their curiosity; but wrongfully suspecting and detaining when he avowed his religious senti- the Doctor. And yet, in all proba- ments, and attributed to pacific prin- bility, arbitrary and cruel as it seem- ciples the probable reason of not be- ed to be, it saved his life. If he had ing disturbed by the Indians, he been permitted unimpeded to join his awakened a vague suspicion that he brothers, he would have shared their might be in collusion with them, and fate, and consequently none would even then a spy in their very camp. have survived to tell this story-vul- Thus all the better and finer sensi- tures would have preyed upon the bilities of his being, were misappre- bodies, and the sun would have hended and misconstrued. The mys- bleached their bones, but when dis- terious influence of the love of God covered in after years the mystery of shed abroad in the heart could not their eccentric life and of their sud- be realized by the carnally minded den taking off could never have been and erring humanity who occupied unveiled. the Fort. In vain did he assert his This terminated the first attempt innocence. In vain did he plead for by civilized man to settle Greene his brothers' sakes, who were per- county soil. Three noble souls!- haps at that very moment in a desti- just, and peaceable and good!-two tute condition. In vain were all his of whom were inhumanly butchered prayers. They would not believe his to expiate the faults of wicked vaga- report--nor would they suffer him to bonds and land pirates, who by their depart. After days, and perhaps infamous injustice to the native red weeks, of deepest anxiety and great man, first drove- him to frenzy, then anguish of soul, he proposed that to fury, and finally to desperation. they send an armed escort to conduct This I write in no justification of the him to his destination, and if he did bloody and inhuman deeds of sav- not convince them of his sincerity ages, but in condemnation and and innocence, they might detain execration of those treacherous, him as a prisoner, and punish him as heartless, heathenish, desperadoes they chose. To this they promptly and adventurers who by the use of acceded, and soon the Doctor was on rum and other foul means, incited the tramp to the relief of his faithful them to these acts of carnage. kinsmen. A few days' toilsome Similar scenes, from causes much march led them to the place, only to akin, are being now re-enacted by un- make manifest his innocence through tamed Indians in the West, and an awfully shocking revelation. ignorant negroes in the South. Their cabin was a smouldering heap. If Governments could only control whilst near its ashes lay mangled their civilized blood-hounds, who, dead bodies of the lamented broth- like ravenous wolves, prey upon their ers; and as if in dreadful mockery unlettered wards, the war of races of him who mourned his brothers' would cease. Subdue the banditti untimely death, close by them lay the in civilized regions, and the lawless hoops upon which their scalps had invader of the realm of the forest, been stretched to dry. To fully por- and the negro insurrections and In- tray the soul-sickening scene is be- dian massacres will forever remain yond the power of tongue or pen, and twin relics of the past. I leave off the task to try. Let the L. K. Evans. 8 An Authentic Tradition-Miss Christina Sycks The narrative I am about to relate the high ground immediately south is purely traditional. I believe no ac- of where Daniel Sycks now resides. count of it has ever before been pub- Swearengen's Fort, erected on lands lished. And yet it has been so re- now owned by Michael Crow, in markably preserved in all the mi- Fayette county, about two miles east nutia of its details that it is essen- of the mouth of Dunkard creek, was tially true in all its particulars and perhaps, the only retreat affording therefore more entitled to credence genuine protection within the reach than much of the written history of these settlers-such was the with which we are acquainted. sparsely settled neighborhood in the The Eckarlin brothers had scarcely east end a hundred years ago, and abandoned their first estate at the such the means of defense from the mouth of Dunkard creek, till it was murderous depredations of the hos- occupied by other settlers. In the tile tribes that infested the adjoining year 1760 Conrad Sycks emigrated forests. from Germany and located in Monon- Some days prior to the eventful gahela township, on the waters of night to which I am about to allude, what is now known as "Rocky run," rumors of prowling Indians had been from the mouth rife in the settlement; Garrison, with not over two miles re- of Dunkard, on lands now owned by commendable precaution, had Matthew Greene and Daniel Sycks. moved his family to a place of safe- Having built a house about 200 yards ty, and as Sycks, rather than abandon Greene's present his peaceful home, preferred to west of Matthew Gar- residence, he married a Miss Bonnett, hazard the danger of remaining, who, it may be interesting to know, rison arranged with Christina, then was a sister to the mother of Lewis nine or ten years old, to milk his 'retzel, the most celebrated pioneer cows. and Indian fighter of American his- One evening the little girl seemed lived and raised a reluctant to perform the task, fore- tory. Here they but family of ten children among whom boding that evil might betide; were Henry and Christina. the brave-hearted mother unfortun- Whether any or all of the families ately admonished her to prove faith- of whom I shall speak were contem- ful to her trust. In obedience to her poraneous settlers with Conrad Sycks mother's wish, the good little girl I know not, but at the time my story braved the danger and met her des- young Henry was 18 tiny. She went to the house and begins, when she years old, Enoch Enix lived in a procured the milking pail, which a mile north of Sycks' hung upon the bar post. The cow cabin nearly yards lands, now owned by Benjamin bell tolled about three hundred Garrison lived half to the northward, in the sugar camp, South. Leonard sped, a mile westward, where Daniel Wil- and thither the maiden fleetly One and a half and was driving the cows hurriedly liamson now resides. a noise miles east, near Joseph P. Province's homeward, when, startled by was a habitable behind her, she looked quickly present dwelling, sav- cabin, on the bank of the Mononga- around and beheld two stalwart advised who lived ages running towards her, the one hela, but I am not black. there. Lane Robinson dwelt in a with hideous visage painted side of Dunkard. the other with grotesque mien, be- cabin on the south red. situate near the present site of Eli smeared with the accustomed I suppose Horrified with terror, she stood Titus' stately residence. as also that the Selsor family resided in paralyzed in her tracks, motionless of Bobtown, as a bird charmed by the monster ser- the neighborhood The demon there was a stockade at that point pent ready to devour it. name of Selsor Fort. in black hurled at her the uplifted bearing the one There was also an emergency fort on tomahawk of death, but the

9 adorned with red struck up his arm upon its disappearing from view, they sufficient to cause the deadly weapon journeyed on, and when within about to harmlessly graze the maiden's two hundred yards of Sycks house, hair. The next moment he had her two shots were fired, and Enix, who in his grasp, a helpless, hopeless was a few paces in advance, fell, prisoner, and spirited her away! mortally wounded, from his horse. Sorrowful and frightful as in your Sycks, by making a strategic deto'ur condition, Christina, I must leave you from the path, eluded the savages to the tender mercies of your captors, and reached his home unharmed, for the present, and return to the where, among others, his son Henry domestic fireside of our devoted pa- and George Selsor a young com- rents, and chronicle, if possible, the panion were anxiously awaiting his bitter anguish of their bleeding return. Having seen the flash and hearts, and the heart rending scenes heard the reports of the guns, it was and commotions they are doomed to with difficulty that Henry was re- experience. strained from rushing out upon the The evening shadows begin to fall, savages, as he said, "while their and vague anxiety intrudes itself in- guns were empty." But the en- to the countenance of the tranquil treaties of the mother, the re- home circle. Night dons her palid monstrance of the more prudent pre- features and sable robes, and in regal vailed and he desisted from the rash beauty crowns the earth, as Luna, act. full-orbed and queenly, sits enthron- It was now certain that on every ed on high. Yet still Christina does hand the country was infested with not return; and the awful conviction death-dealing savages, and that safe- that she is either stark in death, or a ty must be secured by sudden and hopeless captive of relentless foes, precipitate flights, else death or unbidden comes to harass the soul hopeless captivity would inevitably with dread and alarm. Grasping his ensue. There was no division of trusty rifle, the father hurried away opinion, and as if by magic moved to neighbor Enix for counsel and aid. the whole party set off at once for the But Enix, no doubt, comprehending fort beyond the river. In the haste the situation. and deeming any en- and confusion of the sudden flight, it deavor to reclaim the girl that night can scarce be wondered that they had as futile and hopeless, strove to con- proceeded some distance down the sole him and allay his despairing ravine ere it was discovered that the fears by suggesting that "possibly darling babe had been left in the de- she had become tired, and had fallen serted house alone in the cradle. asleep by the way." Cheerless and Shocking revelation! Mortifying and dejected the troubled parent retraced distracting thoughts! But the dar- his steps, and Enix immediately re- ing and athletic Henry, however, lenting his apparent heartlessness solved the problem, rushed back to and want of sympathy, said to his the rescue, secured the precious lone wife with a young babe on her prize, and in the audacity of complete knee: "Really it is too bad to treat triumph raised the "warwhoop" and neighbor Sycks in this way, when he quickly rejoined the delighted fugi- has come to ask such a favor of me. tives. On the river bank, not on the I believe I will go and help him find left as now, the path then led down his girl"-Brave words-grand re- the run. Near the once popular solve, yet fatal in its execution! water mill, whose ruins can yet be Taking down his saddle and bridle seen, they crossed the run and over from the peg behind the door, and the point to the other branch, up securing his gun, he caught his horse which they bent their course through and soon overtook his disconsolate the sugar camp now belonging to friend. Proceeding quietly on their Enoch S. Evans, crossing the gap way Sycks signaled a halt, observing near the residence of Mrs. Alexander that he thought he saw a wolf. But to the head of a small stream, down

10 which they pursued their way to the master, they drove an Indian from Monongahela, where Joseph Y. the covert of the tree who ran for Province now lives. Here they ford- life; but catching his foot in the fork ed the river and were safe. The Red of a dogwood limb, it tripped his Sea deliverance of Israel's hosts was heels high in the air and he fell not a greater source of gratitude and sprawling on the ground, presenting joy than this. such a ludicrous aspect, that though Whilst the balance of the party apparently in the jaws of death, the pursued their now unhazardous jour- fugitive party could not restrain a ney to the fort, Henry Sycks and hearty laugh, the dogs made a fear- George Selsor retraced their steps to ful ado about his ears frightening reconnoiter the situation, spread the him terribly, they could not be in- alarm and save the remnant of their duced to clinch him; and panic fellows. The cabin on the river bank stricken he scrambled up and ran they found already in flames. Spur- away, most effectually demoralized. ring their horses to the utmost speed, Thenceforward the Selsor Fort party they soon reached and crossed the were unmolested, and crossing the mouth of Dunkard, thence to Lane river near where Jacob Dilliner now Robinson's, whose wife was alone lives, found a safe retreat within the with her babe. They implored her to fortification beyond. flee to the woods and thence to the The next morning a party returned fort, which she did and was saved. to the theater of the thrilling scenes But the devoted husband and father, of the previous night. Enoch Enix whom the two heroes met in Levi was found scalped and in a dying Titus' meadows, near where Samuel condition where he fell from his Linton now lives, would not heed horse. Poor Lane Robinson, a vic- their earnest entreaties. In vain did tim of his undying constancy to his they warn him that Indians were in wife and child, was found lifeless and hot pursuit even then between them horribly mangled, naked and scalped. and his home. He resolved to see 0, if it be "sweet and beautiful to die and know the worst and share the for one's country," to die thus for fate of wife and babe; and with des- one's wife and child must be a joy perate energy the venture made. immortal! On the spot where the Reluctantly leaving him to his de- Indian fell, which Selsor's dogs so termination they hurried on towards vigorously chased, were picked up Fort Selsor, nor had they proceeded Robinson's scalp and clothing, and a far ere they heard, with deep con- bloody spear. Thus closed one of the cern, the keen, sharp crack of a rifle most thrilling and tragic episodes in in their rear. all the years of border warfare. As soon as they reached the fort a Let me now return to little Chris- council was held, and it was at once tina Sycks, whom we left a captive in resolved to abandon this precarious the power of these bloody monsters. place and seek the more adequate Their rendezvous that night was in protection of Fort Swearengen. In the little secluded valley near the the bustle and hurry of their de- present site of John South's new parture, two young ladies were in the house. Here, with these hideous, advance when the old man Selsor hateful and dangerous men, she called out, "stop girls, let me before," spent the night. For supper they and suiting the action to the word, gave her a piece of a gray colt's leg dashed passed them; his ferocious which they had roasted in the ashes. dogs preceded him with bristles up Not tempting her appetite, and know- and making a furious noise. Nearing ing something of the sensitiveness of a large white oak tree which stood on Indians on matters pertaining to hos- the site of the late Robt. Maple's old pitality, she adroitly concealed the brick house the dogs halted, but unsavory morsel in the leaves by her barked and growled as if frantic with side. Next day they made a long and rage. Upon being hissed by their toilsome march, and when, at in-

11 tervals, the little girl would fag and years since, near Mount Morris, was lag, her stalwart but hideous captor the "babe" four weeks old left on would gallantly carry her on his its mother's lap, the night his father back. They camped for the night was slain, in the vain endeavor to re- near the head of Dunkard creek, and capture Christina Sycks. here a huge warrior brought in a The only one of Leonard Garrison great fat hog for their refreshment. married Mary Sycks, the "babe" of With barbarous ingenuity he had the lone cradle, and for a time for- split it open from snout to stern, put gotten and deserted by parents and it on his body in such a manner as friends, on that same eventful oc- to envelope his body, having his own casion, by whom he had twelve chil- head inserted between its ears, thus dren. She died and a second wife presenting a most original and fright- bore him twelve more. ful spectacle. Nor as yet did the Henry Sycks married Barbary little lady's stomach crave roasted Selsor, one of the brave-hearted girls pig, and she disposed of the dainty who led the way from Selsor Fort, ration tendered her in like manner, and who no doubt were gallantly es- as the horse meat, on the night be- sorted on that terrible night to Fort fore. Next night they camped on Swearengen by the brave and dash- this creek, and when the red man ing young lover who subsequently gave her a piece of well roasted wild made her his bride. Possessing his turkey, saying, "white man eat this," father's lands, he built thereon a she did eat it with a relish, being the brick mansion and a Lutheran first nourishment she had eaten since church, of which denomination he she left home, three days and nights lived and died a consistent member. before. Next they crossed the They raised a large family of sons Ohio river at the mouth of Grave and daughters who became in turn creek, and passed up Captina on their industrious, thrifty and intelligent. way to their large inland town. She citizens. I have seen him often and remained a captive in the hands of well remember him as a jovial, genial these marauding savages for twenty- and intellectual old gentleman. He two years and six months, when by was active, stout and brave, and woe some arrangement of the government betide any hostile redskin with whom she was liberated at Detroit, and re- he met. In an encounter with one of turned to her friends. Being an them somewhere on the water of bi' adopted child of the forest, she be- Whiteley a scalp was lifted, but came so conformed to Indian customs Henry Sycks never lost his--a little and habits as to lose her identity an episode that the old man related very a civilized being. Though she lived charily, however. with her friends to a ripe old age. Mathew Greene, a son-in-law, no-v she never unlearned her Indian edu- resides in the old homestead and cation, and expressing herself satis- owns a part of the estate. fied with the treatment she had re- Daniel Sycks, the only surviving ceived at their hands, she was ever child, is now 85 years old and owns ready to defend them from any un- and resides on the other part of his kind aspersions. She died and was father's estate. Like his predecessors buried at or near Clarksburg, W. Va. he is noted for geniality and hospi- Conrad Sycks, Christina's father, tality. He is very well informed and was physically a giant of dauntless possesses a remarkably retentive courage. His wife was a sister of memory. To him, through the kind John Bonnett, a celebrated pioneer offices of his nephew, Dr. W. Greene, who with Lewis Wetzel, another of New Geneva, am I indebted for the brother-in-law, had many an en- particulars of this sketch. Of the counter with the red skins, and who third generation himself, he has lived was finally ambushed by them and to witness another third generation killed by a rifle ball. but into being, a number of great- Capt. Enoch Enix, who died a few grandchildren having already been

12 born to him. He is still vigorous in fraught with truths stranger than mind and body, and can entertain old any fiction or romance of man's in- and young with an experience vention. L. K. E.

The Four Deserters The persons and incidents which of Delawares and Mingoes early in form the subject of this article do the ensuing spring. not essentially belong to Greene In the meantime Fort Duquesne county. But they are so intimately had by the fortuitous events of irreg- connected, that without giving them ular warfare fallen again into the attention the history of Greene coun- hands of the English, who changed ty would be defective. And, indeed, its name to that of Fort Pitt, in whilst the particular scenes of which honor of the eloquent and celebrated we have knowledge were transacted Parliamentarian of that day. From just outside the county limits, I have its garrison in 1761, William Chil- no doubt that many of the unwritten ders, Joseph Linsey and two brothers, and unknown events of those men John and Samuel Pringle, deserted, and times did transpire within her and ascending the Monongahela, borders. For one can scarcely con- skulked themselves away in the then ceive it probable that adventurers almost impenetrable defile at the would habitate the uninviting pre- mouth of George's creek, the famous cipitous and sterile hills about New site afterward selected by the im- Geneva for any considerable time and mortal Gallatin for his New Geneva. not be tempted to explore and enjoy Here, in this wilderness seclusion the beautiful bottom lands in the well suited for their purpose, they vicinity of Greensboro. However, as remained for a season. What they these are not men of model char- did and how they lived are altogether acter, and the occasion of their matters for speculation. Record is locating there is not such as to com- silent and tradition is dumb. Not mend itself to our admiration and liking the situation because, it may esteem, we may congratulate our- be presumed, of its proximity to the selves that whatever relation they Monongahela, which rendered them may have sustained to our soil has liable to detection and consequent found a peaceful burial in the tomb apprehension by the military, they of oblivion. removed to the more secluded glades It may not be amiss for me to of the head waters of the Youghio- notice just here some of the sur- gheny where in the deep recesses of roundings at that early date. I be- this untrodden wilderness, they con- lieve it was in 1758 that Red Stone cealed themselves for twelve solitary Fort was established and constructed months. Lone and lorn they at on the site that Brownsville now oc- length ventured upon a hunting cupies, which figured somewhat con- excursion beyond their usual re- spicuously as a trading and strategic treat. Striking a trail which led point, but I do not know of any spe- away toward a remote region, they cial reminiscences in connection followed it up, weary of seclusion, therewith to materially affect my longing for society, dreading arrest purpose. In the fall of this same yet hoping by escaping the one to year Thomas Decker and others at- secure and enjoy the other. Finally tempted a settlement at the mouth of the peaceful and thriving settlement Decker's creek, the site upon which of Loony creek came to view. Here Morgantown has since been built. they were welcomed and regaled with This settlement, however, was of all the civilities of pioneer civiliza- short duration, as it was effectually tion. But this blissful state of broken up and desolated by a party things was destined to find an end.

13 As "murder will out," so the haunts Turkey run, where finding a capa- of the deserter have eyes and ears. cious cavity in a huge sycamore tree, There is no hiding place that the they turned in and abode till the governmental vision will not sooner year 1767. or later penetrate. Alas for these Who could envy the condition of men, detection came full soon, and these men during all these long and Childers and Linsey were appre- weary years? The perfidy and dis- hended and carried back to barrack grace of their desertion lay like a life to mediate upon the odium and leaden weight upon their breasts. folly of their course. The Pringle The dread of apprehension and pun- brothers eluded arrest and sought ishment created a twitch of terror in safety once more in their scarcely to every blast of the wind or stir of the be less dreaded prison house of the leaves. Exposed constantly to mountain solitude on the head of the massacre by the Indians, or, if pos- Youghiogheny, where they remained sible, the still more horrid death of destitute and comfortless till the year being torn in shreds by beasts of 1764. prey. Oftentimes gaunt hunger was I have already more than effected felt gnawing at their very innermost my purpose of sketching county his- vitals. The icy fingers of death's em- tory in the pursuit of these four men, brace would clutch at the very heart- but having, doubtless, succeeded in strings, as the storm king lowered exciting some curiosity in the minds and in threatening attitude hung of my readers, to know the fate of over and around them. But I pause, the Pringle boys, I shall proceed I stop,-pen is inadequate to portray briefly to gratify it, as I have a three- the depths of forlorn wretchedness fold object in inditing these articles: and misery they must have exper- first, preserving the knowledge we ienced. already possess; second, instructing Now a new course of alarm pre- those who have never learned these sents itself. A necessity arises. from things; and third, of amusing and in- which there is no appeal. The maga- teresting all those who choose to zine of powder and bullets is now read them. Hence any digressions exhausted. It must be replenished. for the latter object may be regarded The demand is imperative. To obey as pardonable. it is hazardous, but to refuse would1 Hunters and adventurers began to be fatal. "The wicked flee when no encroach on the prerogative of utter one pursues" and so these men. from seclusion hitherto enjoyed by these a morbid fear of apprehension for de- men, and still apprehensive that the sertion had already procrastinated an "dogs of war" were tracking them in effort to procure ammuntion til! but their lair, they joined their fortunes two charges to the gun were left. At with John Simpson, a trapper, and last John started for the Shenandoah delved anew into the untried and un- with many misgivings, whilst Samuel explored forest, on the vain effort to remained to brave all these and un- find some pleasant retreat, forever told terrors. His larder was but hid from other mortals. Scarcely scantily provided. When, if ever, had Cheat river been crossed ere a John would return to him, was misunderstanding arose between vaguely uncertain. Days pass on and Simpson and one of the Pringles, the hoarded provisions have been which proved an "irrepressible con- consumed. And now, alas, one flict." They parted company, and charge of his ammunition has been thence forward Simpson spread his fruitlessly expended in the vain at- nets and bated his traps alone, on a tempt to bring down a coveted buck. stream to which he gave the name of What if the remaining load should Simpson's creek. But the Pringle miss its aim? What if the brother, brothers journeyed on up the river who had already overstayed his time valley to the mouth of Buchanan, shall have been arrested? These are thence up the latter to the mouth of harrowing thoughts, - enough to 14 frenzy a serener mind. But hark, their hiding place without fear of the trusty gun has been wielded well. molestation. They lost no time in The forlorn hope has captured a buf- seeking once more the society of falo and has extended new lease on civilized man, but their attachment lifc to the despairing Samuel. for the brave old sycamore which Feasting and fretting yet a few sheltered them from many a storm days and the agony is over-the an- induced them to prevail on several guish fled. Language is too weak to families to accompany them to the express his excessive joy when John's place, and soon a strong and thriving return made known to him the glad colony occupied the country around. tidings, that the war had closed and L. K. Evans. that they might now emerge from

Mapletown and Carmichaels The attentive reader of these provements of lands on Redstone sketches has already observed that creek, subsequently, and perhaps yet, Fort Redstone was established as owned by the Lynn heirs. This done early as 1758. Some authors at- they retraced their steps and tribute its construction to Capt. domiciled during the winter with Paull, who as commandant of the their friends at home. (Marking fortress subsequently became some- the trees around a tract of land by what distinguished. But I am in- hacking and glazing with a hatchet clined to the opinion, from the evi- was denominated a tomahawk im- dence at my service, that Capt. provement and was recognized at Michael Craesap, whose truly great that day as vesting the individual renown was dimmed by some rash with prima facia right to the prem- and ill advised deeds, is justly en- ises.) titled to that credit. The next spring, profiting, no Apart from maintaining that mili- doubt by the school of experience of tary establishment by the Govern- the previous season, they again ment, it seems that very little prog- marched forth for another summer's ress was made towards actual settle- campaign. Revisiting the valley of ment in that vicinity prior to the the Monongahela, and extending year 1767, when Abraham Teagar- their tour of observation and in- den, James Crawford, John Province spection, they concluded to abandon and John Harden made permanent their claim on Redstone and com- improvements there-names that are mit their fortunes to the unexplored household words in Greene county regions west of the deep, still river. at this day. Out of all that vast, interminable However, a few of the more ven- waste of magnificent territory, John turesome sons of enterprise, did Minor made choice of the farm now antecede that date, among whom owned by his grandson name-sake, were John Minor and Jeremiah on Whiteley creek, half mile west of Glassgow. These two young men, Mapletown and proceeded to estab- for the love of adventure, and with lish his inalienable right thereto by a view of shaping destiny for them- the accustomed "tomahawk improve- selves, about the spring of 1764, ments." He improved in like man- equipped with haversack, tomahawk ner the farm adjoining, now owned and gun, turned their backs upon by the heirs of Noah Minor, deceased, pleasant homes at Williamsport, for his brother William, and also Maryland, to brave the hardships a contiguous plantation for his next and fatigues and dangers of the un- of kin, Zachary Gapen. trodden domain of the west. In the (Glassgow explored the country on course of events they visited Red- Dunkard creek and selected lands stone Fort and made tomahawk im- near the site of Mt. Morris, owned

15 now by the Donley heirs and made Glassgow he appealed to desist the good his claim, as he supposed, by a unequal contest, reasoning that land free use of his "little hatchet." Again was abundant and to be had for the the two bold woodsmen retired from taking. To both he earnestly appeal- the lonely scenes of the deep and ed, saying it was an arbitrary and awful solitudes to while away the uncivilized method of settling dis- wintry hours with loved friends and putes, and could but end in serious rehearse to them the exciting story bodily injury to one or both. But of their wonderful adventure. the freebooter met all these fine spun In the spring of 1766, or there- theories with the simple assertion abouts, a train of great hearted and that they were but the device of iron nerved emigrants, consisting of cowardice, which put an end to ali John Minor, Jeremiah Glassgow, diplomacy. There was no alternative William Minor and Zachary Gapen, now but to clear away the brush, with their families, set out from the give the gladiators a fair field and valley of Conecocheague to journey let them sail in. to the land of promise; and after Glassgow was not nearly so large trudging many a tedious, tiresome and powerful as Scott, and yet he day over mountain heights and was no pigmy. He was every inch a wilderness wastes, reached and pos- man, and a man of superior prowess, sessed the heaven of their hopes. squarely built, wiry, and as active as Glassgow, however, found upon his an acrobat. The assailants approach- arrival that his choice of future pos- ed each other with calm deteimina- session was then preoccupied by a tion, and at the first round Glassgow Goliah of the forest by the name of went "straight to grass," as also on Scott. Glassgow claimed priority of the second and third, at each succes- right by reason of the tomahawk im- sive stroke of the ponderous fisX provement made a year before, but wielded by the brawny arm of that the freebooter disregarding all con- practiced woodsman. But eludin: vential ties had the right of pos- the fourth pass of that "sledge ham- session and meant to maintain it. iner of death," he closed with his as- There existed therefore an irrecon- sailant and threw him heavily to the cilable disparity of interests. There ground. Lifting him as a child Scott could be no recourse to civil process, regained his feet but to go speedily an invention as yet unknown to down by the dextrous tripping of the Greene county soil. Each man must plucky little man. Again and again t be a law unto himself, the enforce- the process of rising but to fall wen ment of which depended entirely up- on. Finally, out of wind and much on the amount of will and muscle bruised by reason of his repeated power which he possessed. There falls, the Dig man became an easy was no arbiter but the god of battles, victim and Glassgow succeeded in to which the appeal was made. They thrashing him to the entire satisfac- simply agreed to fight and to let the tion of both, and thus secured to disputed title be vested by conquest. himself and his heirs and assigns The preliminaries of fixing place and forever an indisputable title to all time was speedily arranged, and then the lands and hereditaments that day they separated each to make his in- in dispute. dividual preparations for the des- perate conflict. To the reminiscences of John and Glassgow secured the services of Minor, Greene county's honored to his true and tried friend, John illustrious forefather, I propose Minor, to be his second, and when at devote a subsequent article. the appointed time the clans gather- Carmichaels ed for "business," and Minor saw the physical giant his friend had for an In the year 1768 Jacob Vanmeter. antagonist, he endeavored to dis- John Swan, Thomas Hughes and suade them from the onset. To perhaps a few others, invited by the

16 beautiful and enticing valley of In 1769 Col. Ebenezer Zane, with Muddy creek, came over from the his brothers, Silas and Jonathan and Redstone settlement and located on others, made improvements on the prairie lands, now the site of Car- grounds now occupied by the city of michaelstown. Entertaining predi- Wheeling, the metropolis of a great lections the most pleasing for that State. The next succeeding spring enterprising but modest little "city of they brought their families to this the plain," and regarding with high- new eldorado, and induced Col. est respect, not to say veneration David Shepherd and John Wetzel, the grave old Greene Academy our most father of the immortal Lewis, to ac- antiquated institution of learning, it company them. would rejoice my heart to delineate Other settlements were made, al- in language "like apples of gold in most simultaneously on both Buffalo pictures of silver" all the hallowed and Grave creeks, yielding us the reminiscences of that historic honored names of John Doddridge, ground. But I must forgo the grati- Benjamin Biggs, Daniel Greathouse, fication from motives the most ex- Joshua Baker and Andrew Swearin- cusable. I am totally ignorant of gen. the necessary facts. The recollec- The settlements thus made formed tions and traditions of the "oldest a kind of advance guard through inhabitants" are largely in demand. which the savages must needs pene- trate in their frequent excursions in- This same year David Morgan, to the more dense settlements. whose subsequent exploits secured Hence our territory was subject to him a fame scarcely rivaled in all the the depredations of these hostile annals of Indian warfare, with a parties both on the advance and re- party of emigrants resettled the site turn march and, therefore, it became of Morgantown, which proved so the theater of more massacres, cap- fatal to Thomas Decker and his un- tivities and hairbreadth escapes than fortunate associates just ten years any other county of Western Penn- before. sylvania. Indeed well authenticated I am also inclined to believe that tradition pictures it as one vast about this time a settlement was ef- slaughter pen, every little community fected in the neighborhood of Blacks- producing weird spectres of noble ville, upon which subject, however, slain. I hope soon to be better informed. L. K. Evans.

The Teagardens T noticed in that last article that Craig some time previously, by whom Abraham Teagarden settled at Fort he reared a family of twelve children, Redstone in 1767. A year or two his oldest, Abraham, the father of later two of his sons, William and Isaac, our respected contemporary, David, crossed over into Greene being born in Redstone Fort. county and made tomahawk im- There is an undoubted tradition provements prior to a permanent oc- concerning the manner in which Wil- cupation, the former along the river, liam Teagarden established his claim on lands embracing both of what is to the lands on Ten Mile-some of now known as Upper and Lower which have been transmitted from Davidson Ferries; the latter of a generation to generation, and are thousand acres situated on Ten Mile still owned by Teagardens, his lineal creek, between Millsboro and Clarks- descendants-which has all the in- ville. David had but recently mar- terest of a wonderful legend, and ried a Miss Treble, by whom he after- will therefore bear relating here: wards reared a family of ten chil- As above remarked, he had just dren. William had married a Miss married an admirable young wife,

17 and was bending his energies to se- hands as Confederate legal tenders cure for her a comfortable home, after Sherman's march to the sea. with bright prospects for the future Financially, he was ruined. His in view. To this end he had made home was gone. His money of no all the preliminary preparations for value. But his spirit was undaunted, constructing a well appointed cabin, and he began life anew, by again and the necessary help, to its erec- braving the untried forest. Explor- tion, had actually responded to the ing the country inland, he made an- invitation. William was young, other tomahawk improvement on healthy and buoyant in spirit; and Wheeling waters, near Ryerson s Sta- on the morning of the "'raising," ex- tion, to which he removed. Here he pectation stood tip toe, and all went remained the remnant of his many "merry as a marriage bell," when lo, days and reared his large and thrifty an audacious freebooter of the neigh- family. Here he experienced many borhood, who prided himself on his a hardship, witnessed many a sad superior "muscle" put in an appear- scene in murdered friends and made ance, and to the consternation of many a hair breadth escape. Here, Teagarden and all present, cooly he and two of his boys, Abraham and claimed the improvement as his own, Isaac, enlisted in Captain James and forbade that the work of build- Seals' company, and served honor- ing should proceed till the question ably under Gen. Anthony Wayne in of proprietorship should be deter- his eventful but successful cam- mined. The freebooter, aware that paigns against the hostile tribes. the only legal process recognized in Capt. Seals and his brave company those days was that of superior brute rendezvoused for some time at Ryer- force, at once challenged for a fight, son's Station, and afforded security presuming on his greater prowess to the much harrassed settlements and physical power to yield him an in that vicinity. easy victory. But the battle is not always to the strong nor the race to The entire lives of this generation the swift. So now, might pitted of Teagardens was a continual war- against right, did not succeed. For fare. They were soldiers from the after a long and desperate and cradle to the grave. Constantly on bloody conflict the man who wielded the frontier which was either in a his indignant blows from a sense of vigorous warfare, in repelling a mos. outraged justice came off triumph- blood thirsty invader. They lived at ant. Surrendering all claim to right, a time that tried men's souls, and ein- title or possession, his antagonist dured hardships and braved dance s dressed his wounds and assisted in almost beyond belief. raising the cabin. He afterwards Abraham Teagarden married a improved an adjoining farm and Miss McGuire, and raised a family of thenceforward victor and vanquished ten children, among whom was our lived side by side on the most neigh- much respected and intelligent borly terms. friend, our fellow townsman, Isaac Some time after these occurrences, Teagarden, now in his 70th year- John Harden emigrated to Kentucky, upon whose petition the State grant- known in the parlance of that day ed an annuity of forty dollars to as the "bloody ground," where he "Abraham Teagarden and other sol- became famous as a pioneer, an of- diers of Gen. Wayne's army;" and ficer of distinction and a soldier of more recently at the instance of this great personal prowess. To share same petitioner Congress granted his adventures, participate in his 160 acres of the .same public domain achievements and enjoy his pros- to each of the surviving soldiers of pective fortunes William Teagarden that same army. sold his possessions on the Mononga- Isaac Teagarden from whom I hela; but receiving his price in Con- gleaned these facts was a man of tinental script-the inflation cur- great activity of mind and body for rency of that day, it fell flat on his a man of his years. He inherited the

18 spirit of his forefathers and, though sound judgment and close observa- superannuated long ere the war of tion, and retained a fertile, vivid and the Rebellion broke out, he enlisted accurate recollection of all the in the years of that civil war. He events that knowledge. was a man of extensive experience, L. K. Evans.

White Savages Look on that picture, then on this. perfect freedom and confiding secur- I have already related a few instances ity. But this period of good feeling of the indiscriminate cruelty and was from time to time interrupted barbarity of the Indians, and ven- and eventually altogether destroyed tured to intimate a conviction that by the dastardly and reckless these atrocious deeds were usually piracies of the wicked outlaws above incited by the infliction of treach- described. erous outrages upon them by wicked A fiend in human shape, John whites. Genuine settlers were seek- Ryan by name, killed at different ing homes for themselves and pos- times three friendly and influential terity. Feeling that in a certain Indians. One of these was Owish- sense, they were intruders upon the togah, the "Capt. Peter" of our territory and hunting grounds of the region, to whom many of our fore- red man, they chose to court his fathers owed a debt of gratitude for friendship and cultivate a spirit of his hospitalities and friendly warn- amity with him. But in their train ings and judicious advice. Though followed a class of desperate and sadly consternated at the damnable despicable outlaws-cormorants up- perfidy of these monster crimes, re- on the peace and well being of the taliation was not attempted. Gov. settlements, who preyed upon the In- Dunmore, of Virginia, offered a re- dians as upon wolves and bears, and ward for the apprehension of the improved every opportunity to com- murderer, which caused him to leave mit gross insults, rapine and mur- the country, and the Indians der upon them. Deceived by these smothered their just indignation and bad men, and maddened to frenzy by forebore redress. their frequent and brutal atrocities, On the south branch of the Mo- these uncultivated children of the nongahela a most wanton and unpro- forest would give unrestrained vent voked massacre was committed on to rankling vengeance and would some peaceful Indians on a friendly visit, indiscriminately, tortures the visit there, by Henry Judah and most fiendish and murders the most Nicholas Harpold. The former was appalling that savage genius could arrested for the crime, but the ex- invent. I shudder for civilization cited and inconsiderate populace res- when I chronicle the revolting crimes cued him, and he was permitted to perpetrated in its name. But the go unhung. truth of history demands the shock- Bald Eagle was a chieftain of great ing revelation that no uncertain celebrity, who was known and highly light may be shed on the pathway of esteemed by all the well disposed succeeding generations. settlers along the Monongahela. He Between the years of 1765 and was on familiar and confidential 1774 there was comparative peace terms with the inmates of every and harmony between the frontiers- cabin. His visits were frequent, and man and the neighboring tribes. his presence always welcome. Yet They were dwelling together in uni- this universal favorite was inhuman- ty, and a social intimacy was being ly murdered by the three dastardly cultivated by the chiefs, and encour- wretches, Jacob Scott, Wm. Hacker aged by the whites. Indian and and Elijah Runner. They met him white men mingled and mingled with all alone in his canoe somewhere

1'. near the mouth of Cheat and com- But, perhaps, of all the black cata- mitted the cowardly deed. Not con- logue of unprovoked crimes, the af- tent with the horrible crime of cold fair a few days later at the mouth of blooded murder, they proceeded to Yellow Creek was the most infamous. add insult to injury by thrusting Here the family of Logan, who up johnny cake in his mouth, propping to that time, was known as "the him up in the stern of his canoe and white man's friend," was killed. One setting him afloat on the river. In Daniel Greathouse led a party of this condition he was discovered by a bush-whackers to the scene ostensi- Mrs. Province about the mouth of bly to protect a family named Baker, Big Whiteley Creek, who had his re- who resided at the mouth of the mains brought ashore and decently creek, and subsisted chiefly from the buried. miserable occupation of selling the Soon after the death of Bald Indians rum. Secreting his men, he Eagle, one William White waylaid crossed the creek in the guise of and assassinated a peaceable Indian, friendship to the Indian camp. Be- for which he was apprehended and ing advised by a friendly squaw that committed to Winchester jail for the Indians were getting in liquor trial. But the prejudiced and in- and were somewhat exasperated on furiated populace forced the prison account of the trouble at the mouth doors, knocked off his shackles and of Captina, he returned to Baker's. set him at liberty. and told him if any of the Indians About the close of the year of should come over to him them all 1772, I think, a most atrocious the rum they wanted. The hypo- butchery occurred on a branch of critical scheme succeeded. Dunkard Creek. A semi-civilized Lured by his treacherous repre- Indian and family by name of Jacob, sentations, a party of Indians, with lived there by hunting and cultivat- two females, crossed over to Baker's, ing a patch of Indian corn. He and when sufficiently intoxicated would frequently supply the settlers were set upon by Greathouse and his along the creek with meat and skins. minions, and the whole party But his peaceful wigwam was invad- slaughtered. Another party ven- ed, and his whole household slain, tured over and shared a like fate. with the exception of two children, By this time, suspecting foul play. a who escaped half frozen and nearly large detachment attempted to cross, starved, to tell the story of their but they too were fired upon from wrongs to the kindred tribes beyond the deadly ambuscade, and many of the Ohio. The miscreants who per- them slain and the rest driven back. petrated this deed are now unknown. The perpetration of this act of About this time also Bulltown, an fiendish perfidy was fittingly closed Indian village, consisting of five by the savage ceremony of scalping families, on the Little Kanawha, was all the victims. There were a few ruthlessly invaded by five demons, specimens of the treatment the In- among whom were White and Hack- dians, when disposed to be peaceable. er, before mentioned. All the vil- received at the hands of the whites. lagers, men, women and children, on The soul sickens in contemplation the frivolous pretext of a mere sus- of these revolting scenes! The blood picion, were put to death, and their curdles to believe mankind guilty of bodies sunk in the river. such nameless horrors! What mar- In the spring of 1774, Capt. Crae- vel that swift destruction overtook sop, and a party of land sharks, first them at noonday? What marvel that waylaid and murdered a couple of the terrible war-whoop of the blood- peaceable Indians crossing the Ohio thirsty savage pervaded the whole in a canoe, and afterward fired upon land? That the tomahawk and the a harmless encampment of Indians scalping knife on every hand were at the mouth of Captina creek, kill- reeking with the blood of the inno- ing and wounding several. cent? That fire and rapine and gen-

20 eral desolation ruled the hour? and cruelties and desolations com- From this time forth, Logan was mitted by the savages, let us exercise transformed into an avenging demon. all possible charity towards them. His name became a terror. At his If a civilized and enlightened people beck settlements disappeared as were capable of such acts of bar- with a "besom of destruction." The barity as we have seen, what better soil of Greene county drank the could reasonably be expected of the blood of almost numberless victims rude, wild, untutored and exas- to his power. Well could reeking perated savages? Well may we scalps, vacant hearths and smoulder- pause to candidly reflect how other- ing ruins attest his boast: "I have wise could it have been. sought revenge. I have killed many. Note.-I am informed by a lawyer I have fully glutted my vengeance." of the Waynesburg Bar that the Mrs. Such were the fruits of that policy Province who so humanly cared for which tolerated and encouraged the the body of Bald Eagle, made the foul deeds of persecution perpetrated first will on our county record, and by a few lawless individuals, and that said will bequeathed estates whilst in subsequent chapters we en- that are now of more value than of deavor to recount and describe the any other will recorded here to this relentless butcheries and massacres day. L K. Evans.

Andrew Poe and Bigfoot This most thrilling incident, sold for passage money across the though not strictly a matter of sea. The Irishman whipped his wife, Greene county history, is so com- for which Poe whipped the Irishman, mingled with the familiar traditions and afterwards the Irishman sought of the neighborhood as to be regard- revenge by shooting and killing Poe. ed by many as belonging to us; and By the English law, which then I believe there are hundreds who appertained in Maryland, the estate would consider these sketches as in- all went into the possession of complete did I fail to notice it. As George, the oldest son, who proved to order and time I confess its in- a hard master, and Andrew soon left sertion now is premature, but as an home for the frontier, and stopped account of the affair from the pen of for some time at the forks of the Capt. Adam Poe, a grandson of the Youghiogheny river. Returning home noted Indian fighter is now going he induced Adam, his junior by four the rounds of the press I deemed it years, to come out with him, and not inappropriate to prepare my bound him to the shoemaker trade. sketch on that subject at this time. When the Revolutionary war broke At first I thought of appropriating out Andrew enlisted under the "stars the terse article of Captain Poe's as and stripes"; but George adhered to published in the Pittsburgh Com- the English cause and being a man mercial, but upon a careful study of of wealth and position toasted and the adventure I find many points of fed the British nobles and officers interest which he fails to recite, al- with great luxury. The other broth- though the facts that he does relate ers did not ever after fraternize with are no doubt strictly accurate. him. The sister Kate, joined her The father of Andrew and Adam fortunes with Andrew and Adam, Poe, the heroes of our story, came and having married a man by the from the Rhine country in Germany, name of Miller, she lived out her in 1745, and set up mills on the An- days at or near Burgettstown, Wash- tietam, in Maryland. He had four ington county, Pa. children, George, Andrew, Kate and At the close of the war with Great Adam. He sold his products in Bal- Britain, Andrew and Adam Poe and timore, and on one occasion bought a few others began a settlement on an Irishman and his wife, who were or near the grounds now occupied by

21 Burgettstown. The frequency of In- his priming there was no discharge; dian depredations caused them to but the movement betrayed his pres- build a stockade fort, to which the ence to the two savages. Being too women and children would repair near to hope to escape by flight, he for protection whilst the men with bounded upon the big Indian with gun in hand, would go forth to till all his weight, and encircling his their lands. Whilst thus engaged arm about the smaller one's neck, he late one evening in the summer of crushed them both to the earth. The 1782 one of their number, by name smaller one soon disengaged himself, of Jackson, was captured by a party and was in the act of striking Poe of seven Wyandotts. A celebrated with a tomahawk, when he received chief with four of his brothers and a kick that sent the uplifted weapon two other companions had paid a into the river. Procuring their other visit to an old man who lived alone tomahawk he made repeated feints and loaded themselves with plunder, as if to strike, but Poe distinguishing and were on the retreat march when between the pretense and the death they picked up Jackson. stroke, managed to ward the blow Early next morning seven or eight from his head by receiving it on his men, including Andrew and Adam wrist. Severing all but one of the Poe, struck the trail and pursued sinews of his wrist, the hatchet them on horseback. Upon approach- stuck in his arm and he cast it over ing the Ohio river the Indians sepa- his head. Exasperated at the failure rated, Big Foot the chief and one of the little Indian, the chief threw comrade taking one track and the Poe like a child off him, but striking other five another. Andrew Poe near the Indian's guns, Poe snatched alone followed the two, whilst Adam, up one and shot the little Indian Castleman, Whitaker, Rankin, John through the heart. Cherry and one or two others follow- Immediately the chief and Poe ed the five. The party of whites sur- were again engaged in the death prised the five Indians near the struggle and fortunately for the lat- river, and in their anxiety to protect ter, or by design of his, they rolled the prisoner suffered the Indians to into the river. Now each endeavored get the first shot, when Cherry re- to drown the other. Finally, Poe. ceived a ball through the right lung, seizing his antagonist by the tuft of killing him instantly. In the conse- the hair, plunged him underneath quent confusion of the surprise Jack- the current and held him there till son seized the opportunity to escape, he heard what he supposed to be the but received a severe flesh wound be- death gurgle. But upon letting loose tween the shoulders from a toma- his hold he found that the Indian hawk hurled by some of the savages. had deceived him by feining to be The whites treed and delivered a drowned. Renewing the conflict, well directed fire, and succeeded in they were soon washed by the cur- killing four of the five Indians. rent beyond their depth, and had to In the meantime Andrew, who swim for life. They headed for the was a very large and powerful man. shore, each trying to reach the load- had crept up quietly upon Big Foot ed gun first. Finding that the In- and his comrade. They were on the dian would gain the race, Poe struck river bank near an Indian raft, about out for the middle of the stream, four hundred yards above the other hoping to save his life by diving. By party, and were at the time intensely this time the other men began to engaged in watching the progress of hurry to the rescue, and one of them the battle. Andrew having to pass seeing Poe in the water and mistak- through some high weeds and thick ing him for an Indian shot and brush found himself in reach of the wounded him in the shoulder. He two Indians before he discovered then turned and swam towards them. Leveling his gun at Big Foot. shore. Bigfoot upon reaching the he pulled the trigger, but having lost shore got hold of the empty gun, and

2 seeing Adam approaching, called to mountains, Andrew would visit Adam him to shoot the big Indian. He at as he was the only guardian. A once fired, and the savage chief characteristic little incident happen- bounded forward and plunged intc ed when Adam was in his teens. the river, and being borne by the There came a strong man to Adam's current into deep water, sunk to rise quarters, hunting Andrew. He said no more. Adam immediately sprang to Adam that he wanted to see An- into the river and made all possible drew as he had heard he (Andrew) haste to rescue his brother, who was was the stoutest man in the neigh- nearly exhausted by loss of blood borhood. Adam told him Andrew and over-exertion. was a good ways off; but if his Two of the whites were left back (Adam's) master was satisfied, he a little way as a reserve for fear of thought he could accommodate him an ambuscade, and when the fifth himself. Adam told his master what Indian ran off they fired at him as he he wished to do, but the master pro- ran, one of the balls taking effect in tested. Adam coaxed him out of his his hand. He swam the Ohio, and notion, and the champion went back traveled to Sandusky without gun or home satisfied and left the belt with and made a doleful noise. The chiefs Adam. some distance away from the camp When Gen. Wm. Henry Harrison and made a doleful noise. He chiefs was running for President, in 1840, went out to meet him, and upon, he visited Massillon, near which hearing his story forbade his going Adam Poe resided. Hearing of him, to camp for some days, lest he should General Harrison had the veteran demoralize and alarm the braves. brought to a large grove meeting, They at once killed all the prisoners where he was seated on a chair, and in their possession, except George the assembled multitude numbering Folk, a young man whom an Indian thousands, some living today, march- girl claimed and succeeded in pro- ed around, each person as he passed tecting. laying his hand on the snowy locks John Cherry, the only white man of the veteran. Many will remember who lost his life in that desperate this occasion. Adam contracted his encounter, is said to have been a, death at the time by drinking ice wonderfully handsome man. water which brought on cholera mor- The following personal mention of bus. the Poe family was gleaned by the Andrew Poe took up a tract of editor of the Commercial, from Capt. four hundred acres of land near Adam Poe, and may be interesting Hookstown, and passed the re- to many. inainder of his life there. In 1792 "When the war with England lwe built on this land his second broke out Andrew enlisted to fight dwelling house, a structure of hewn the British under General Bradford logs, which is still standing and in a He was in several engagements: good state of preservation. when in one he was ensign bearer: Adam Poe lived for a year at the a soldier was shot near him by a ball mouth of Little Besuer. After leav- from the enemy. Andrew threw ing there he took up a large body of down the colors, took up his gun, land, six miles northwest of New rushed into the heat of the battle Lisbon, Ohio, on the west fork of the and came out without a scratch. He Little Beaver. Here he erected a would have been promoted but for rude cabin, and later a dwelling his inability to speak the English house, the latter still standing." language. While fighting east of the L. K. Evans.

23 Col. John Minor

Honor to whom honor is due. The timacy and neighborly conduct with subject of this article, as stated in the natives. Indians were not so Sketch No. 6, brought the families much objects of dread as beasts of of his brother William, Zachary Ga- prey. All southwestern Pennsylvania pen, and others to Greene county in was regarded as northwestern Vir- a very early day. John was the ginia, and indeed whilst both states youngest brother, and was born in claimed jurisdiction neither exercised London county, Va., in the year it, and the people became a law unto 1744. After the death of his father themselves. John Minor, however, he lived with his brother William held a Colonel's commission from the (who settled in Washington county, Governor of Virginia, and was recog- Maryland until he commenced his nized by the settlers as commander adventures among the aborigines of in chief of all the militia in the ter- the western forests. Seeing his ri tory. Under instructions of Gen- brother comfortably established in eral Morgan he superintended the his new home on Whiteley creek, construction of stockade forts at west of the Monongahela, and having various points as mediums of ob- built for himself a snug and cozy servation, and appointed spies or cabin and made other necessary im- rangers to each whose duty it awas to provements, he went back to the land watch vigilantly the movements of of Conococheaque the next year, and hostile parties, and apprize the set- having married the sister of General tlers of approaching danger. Otho Williams, of Revolutionary re- nown, returned with his bride on It is a matter of history, that "one horseback to the land of his adop- of the most extraordinary expedi- tion. Perched up behind her all thai; tions during the Revolution, was that long and rugged way sat George, the of Col. George Rogers Clarke, in little negro servant lad. Otho, the 1778, against the British posts on first born babe, was rocked by George the Mississippi and Wabash rivers." in a sugar trough, the rude cradle of All this vast territory west wam the primitive life. recognized as belonging to Virginia, John Minor, having led the way in and was subsequently ceded to the settling the country west of the river, general government; Col. Clarke was maintained a leadership in all that commissioned by the Governor of concerned the development of the Virginia. He enlisted a regiment of country and the interest of the set- ahbout three hundred picked soldiers, tlers. For many years he owned the "'rossed the mountain to the Monon- largest estate of any individual with- rahela, embarked in boats and de- in the present limits of Greene coun- se-nded to the falls of the Ohio, ty. He built the first flouring mill where he was joined by some volun- erected west of the Monongahela. teers from Kentucky." But what is Over one hundred years ago an un- mosc interesting to us is left unre- pretentious water mill, located about corded. Very few indeed know that one hundred yards above the site of the flotilla of boats which transport- the present one, did the grist grind- Pd this immortal army with its muni- ing for the sparse inhabitants, near tions of war was constructed under and far. And in after years when the personal supervision of Col. increased patronage demanded in- Minor. at or near the mouth of our creased capacity, the present struc- own Dunkard creek. The first at- ture, regarded by many as the old tempt to build these boats was frus- Minor mill, was built by the same trated by a sudden descent of a large proprietor. party of Indians which dispersed the During the decade of peace from workmen, and demolished and set 1764 to 1774 this flourishing settle- adrift the work accomplished. But ment was on terms of confiding in- the company of craftsmen was quick-

24 ly reorganized, and the project car- session of his grand-daughter, Mrs. ried forward to a speedy and ac- P. L. Kramer, of Greensboro, did complished success. In this connec- signal service in alarming the neigh- tion, it may be interesting to relate, borhood of dangers both real and that a returning prisoner informed imaginary. Upon one occasion the 3ol. Minor that during the progress clarion notes of that quaint old sen- of this work certain Indians one day tinel cleft the air full loud and clear. lay concealed nearby and were much For miles around flying feet heeded tempted to shoot him, which they the warning voice. But Col. Minor would have done had it not been for and his boy George were in the a wish to first capture a "white clearing some distance from home, squaw," whc was making maple and having been victimized by sev- sugar in the famous sugar camp own- eral recent false alarms made no ed by the late David Wolf. By some haste to obey the summons. Much fortunate turn of affairs she became anxiety being felt for his safety, a apprized of their presence, and they man was sent to see why he had not were foiled of their evil intent. come. Almost out of breath the That woman was the great-grand- messenger exclaimed, "Why, Colonel, mother of Jacob and Ambrose Dil- did you not hear the alarm? It is liner, who still possess valuable reported that you and George are estates along the river in tha. killed, and that William's fort was vicinity. attacked by the Indians and all the 'whenever the luliuils would make inmates butchered!" He coolly re- a raid upon the settlement, Col. plied, "Why, man, you already per- Minor would organize a flying ceive that the report is half lie, for brigade of daring militia and hotly George and I are both unharmed." pursue the savages; and many an But having heard the repeated re- e-:citing chase has led from the Mo- ports of a gun in the southern direc- nongahela back to the Ohio. Upon tion, he deemed it prudent to hasten these occasions it required the ut- homeward. Placing things to rights most precaution to prevent am- in and about the fort he summoned buscade by day and surprise by a reconnoitering party to scour the i',-;ht. No camp fires at any time country and seek out the savages. could be permitted. Either curling On a big hill, either where Dissiway smoke when sun was up or flaming South now lives, or the next one coals when darkness prevailed might southward near the old Elijah South lead to a fatal betrayal. On one oc- vnroperty. they found the lifeless casion whilst all else in camp was bodies of an old man by name of wrapped in sleep, his vigilant ear Voshel and his son. They had been detected foot falls slyly and cautious- shot down, scalped and horribly ly approaching. By lying close to mangled. Having committed this the ground he could observe some- unprovoked murder, the perpetrators thing between him and the sky be- made precipitate retreat. yond, resembling an Indian on all In July, 1781, he was appointed to fours, sneaking towards the camp. fill an unexpired term of Justice of Leveling his rifle he fired, and the the Peace in Cumberland township, sharp crack was succeeded by a Washington county. April 15, 1782, shrill "yaup," revealing the regretful he was reappointed to the same office fact of the death of a favorite dog for the same township and continued that had been forbidden to follow. in office two terms. The Justices of Both his and William's cabins the Peace commissioned at that time were fortified as stockades and were to be Justices of the Court of Com- known as the Minor forts, to which mon Pleas and of the Orphans' all the settlers round about resorted Court. in case of an alarm. It was in John During all these years of trial and Minor's fort that the celebrated progress Greene county was yet un- conch shell, now a relic in the pos- known. Thus far she slumbered in

25 the quiet embrace of Washington erected the Courts of the new county county. But the fertile and pleasant were to be held at the house of Jacob valley of Dunkard, Whiteley, Muddy Kline, on Muddy Creek, situated on and Tenmile creeks had all the while lands now owned by Eli Long, ad- been inviting and enticing emigrants joining the farm he resides on; and from South and East and North till under the protection of a fort, a por- the "South," as it was then called, tion of whose ruins can yet be seen. began to be a power and exert an in- As the first Associate Judges fluence in the he body politic. The new procured the appointment of county project John began to be agitated Flenniken, David Grey and John and Col. John Minor was selected in Badolet. The Governor appointed the campaign of 1792 as the candi- out of personal compliment John date for the Legislature upon the lMinor himself as one of said Judges. new county issue. Though located However,, as certain of his political in the extreme southeast corner of a enemies who were jealous of large district his his personal popularity popularity, took exceptions to his was such that he was triumphantly holding the office of Judge while re- elected. He matured a bill for the taining his seat in the Legislature, he organization of Greene county at his resigned his commission; but the first session, but it was defeated in Covernor seeing the animus that the Legislature. Again, in the year actuated his enemies, reserved the 1793, he was a candidate upon the appointment till the Legislative term same issue and was again elected. expired, and then re-commissioned Again he introduced his new county Col. Minor to the office of Associate bill, and again had the chagrin of Judge. seeing it defeated. Nothing daunted During all the excitement incident by these repeated failures, his friends to the disgraceful "whiskey rebel- put him forward for a third term. lion," which so agitated the wcstern but through the treacherous and counties in 1794, and perfidious misrepresentations left such a of a humiliating page upon the history of dishonorable and opposing neighbor, Washington, Fayette and Allegheny, he was beaten. (The particulars of it is not a matter of record, so far as this defeat will be more fully set my research extends, that any man forth in the anecdotes of Col. Minor within the present limits of Greene yet to be published.) In the fourth county, was convicted of complicity. year he was re-elected, when on the Though the Hon. John Minor took an 9th day of February, 1796, the bill active part in the endeavor to avoid passed both houses of the Legislature any serious complications, he did it that organized Greene county into a as a loyal man, counseling allegiance "free and independent county.' At on the part of the citizen, an:l his suggestion the Governor appoint- lenience and conciliation on the part ed Stephen Gapen, David Grey, Isaac of the state. A villainous partisan Jenkinson, William Meetkirk and by false accusation having caused James Seals commissioners, to pro- the arrest of Rev. John Corbly, Col. cure any quantity of land, not ex- Minor rode all the way to Phila- ceeding 500 acres, within five miles delphia to secure his release, but the of the center of the county, to sur- authorities having become convinced vey and lay out the same in town of his innocence, had already dis- lots; and to sell sufficient of them, charged him from further custody. which together with certain taxes, Col. Minor met the army, finally would enable them to construct a sent out by the government to sup- Court House and prison. And the press this formidable insurrection, log structure (now occupied by at "Great Meadows." He went on a Daniel Anderson) on Greene street, mission of mercy in the interest of was the architectural prodigy which peace. In the course of a consulta- resulted from this arrangement. tion with the Staff Officers, General Until said public buildings could be Morgan made some sneering and de-

26 rreciative remark in reference to the George's Creek was named, he had western people, which Colonel Minor two children-L. L. Minor, Esq., our ndignantly resented as an insult. genial and clever fellow townsman, 1lot words were passed, and blows who though he is in his 70th year, is would have resulted but for the time- hale and active as most men at fifty, ly interference of mutual friends who and Mrs. John Crawford, late of 3ffected a reconciliation. Greensboro, (both deceased). By his first wife he had six sons Colonel John Minor died in 1833, mand six daughters-Otho W., Eli, in the 90th year of his age, and to- Stephen, William, John and Abiah- gether with his wives is buried at Joanna Milliken, the mother of Hon. Greensboro. His life was one of John Minor Milliken, Treasurer-elect eminent success and usefulness- of the State of Ohio; Priscilla Yea- probably the most prominent public man, one of whose grandsons is an man that Greene county has ever ex-member of Congress, and more re- produced-a man of moral worth cently minister to Denmark; Mercy and solid character, rather than fan- Laish; Prudence Denny; Fiances ciful reputation; so unostentatious Kramer, the mother of Leroy K. and unpretentious that his name was Kramer, President of the W. Va. seldom found in public print, and Constitutional Convention, and more thus far has been lost to the truth of recently Speaker of the House of history, which it so richly deserves Delegates, and Barbara, who never to grace. The author of these married, I believe. sketches feels to congratulate him- By his second wife, whom he mar- self in that he has subserved the ried about the year 1800, who was public good by bringing once more the daughter of Colonel George Wil- to the light the valuable services of son, the founder of "Wilson's Port," the father of our county. now New Geneva, and for whom L. K. Evans.

The War Path The Aborigines of America, though tradition or legendary lore. uncultured savages, enjoyed in a It would be interesting and in- rude way many of the conveniences structive bad we all these warpaths and appliances common to civiliza- and by-paths mapped out before us. tion. Each tribe had a sort of gov- But when information is so defective, ernment-a code of laws peculiar to we can but record what we know and itself-and executed by a chosen leave the rest to inference. It is a chieftain and associate nobleman. matter of record that the "great Each had its territorial boundaries Catawba war path" entered Fayette within which it enjoyed especial county from the south at the mouth rights and privileges. They had also of "Grassy" run, thence northward many things in common, among by Ashcroft fort on Mrs. Evans Wil- which were great international high- son s land, by Rev. Wm. Brownfield's, ways or paths of travel to which the through Uniontown, through Col. private or tribal roads were tribu- Samuel Evans' highlands, past tary. All of these oft trod and well Pearse's fort, a little west of the Mt. beaten pristine thoroughfares have Braddock house, to Opossum run- long since been entirely effaced. We down it to the Youghiogheny-cross- can only trace them now from the ing where Braddock's army crossed, page of history; or gather a foot- thence by the Pennsville Baptist print here and there from ancient church, thence by Tintsmon's mill, land marks, such as surveys, plots, on Jacobs creek, thence on through title papers, journals of adventure, Westmoreland and Armstrong coun- &c., or view them faintly through ties, and on up the Allegheny to its the shadowy vista of unsatisfactory source and over on the head waters

27 of the Susquehanna into western knife and went forth on the war New York, the grand realm of the path, whatever they chanced to meet mighty, six nations. fell a victim to their fury. Like a The "Warrior branch" of this vast rabid dog, they knew nothing but to trail left the Ohio river at the mouth devour, and exercised no discretion, of Fish creek up which it followed to nor made any discrimination what- its very source. It then crossed on ever. to the waters of Dunkard creek, and The proper terminus of Mason and followed this water course to its con- Dixon's line was not fully determined fluence with the Monongahela, mak- till 1784. Two surveys had been ing an intersection with the Catawba made, disagreeing in about the dis- line in Springhill township, Fayette tance of a mile and a half. It wats county. But the warrior branch it- finally proposed to solve the problem self was not absorbed, but kept on by by scientific astronomical observa- Crow's mill, and bearing towards the tion-a method never before employ- mouth of Red Stone creek, joined the ed by any nation. To this end Rev. old Red Stone trail near Grace John Ewing, David Rittenhouse, church on the National Pike. John Lukeno and Thos. Hutchinson When in 1757 the notable Mason were appointed on the part of Penn- and Dixon's line was being surveyed sylvania, and Right Reverend James the work was frequently interrupted Madison, Rev. Robt. Andrews, John and delayed by objection of the In- Page and Andrew Elliot were ap- dians, but treaties were made from pointed by -Virginia, commissioners time to time allowing the work to go to make the observations, and fix the on. But when the party of surveyors extent of the line. Two from each arrived at the intersection of this State repaired to Wilmington, Dela- line with the Warrior branch, on ware, with a good time piece and as- Dunkard creek somewhere on the tronomical instruments, and ezecte l Wayne township line, the fiat was an observatory. The other four with pronounced by the united council of like equipments, and soldiers and the tribes, east and west, "Thus far commissary made their way to the but no farther." "You cross our highest of the Fish creek hills, near path at your peril!" The mandate the supposed terminus, and there' was obeyed, and for fifteen years erected an observatory, and after Mason's and Dixon's line had an patiently noting the eclipses of Jupi- abrupt terminus at this point- ter's moons and other phenomena for neither Colony, nor State, nor Nation six long weeks preceeding th daring to disregard the solemn and autumnal equinoxes at each terminus;, emphatic prohibition. Perhaps no the respective meridians and lati- one thing in the history of the coun- tudes of each place were determined try caused more trouble and vexa- and the time pieces adjusted. Upon tion and involved greater interests comparing time it was found to be to the Colonies of Pennsylvania and twenty minutes and one and one- Virginia and the entire country than eighth seconds apart. Twenty min- this; and perhaps there was no one utes was the time desired-equal to' resolve which the Indians maintained five degrees. Having these data, all with such obstinate tenacity. that was left to be done was to From this circumstance perhaps shorten back on the line to twenty arose an implied menace in the minutes. This they did, and planted phrase "Cross my path." I presume "a square unlettered white oak post, that it was the act of obstructing or around which they reared a conical crossing these paths that afforded the pyramid of stones," and they are immediate pretext for most of the there to this day. Thus the triumphs awful butcheries and soul sickening of science forever settled one of the tortures of which we read. For most vexatious and troublesome when the braves of the wilderness colonial disputes. took up the tomahawk and scalping The survey and establishment of

28 the twenty-three miles of the line of coffee, 60 pounds of chocolate, 40 west of the war path cost the State pounds of scotch barley, 6 bushels of about $4,000, beside six dollars per salt, 2 dozen hams, 1 dozen kegs day for each of the commissioners. white biscuit, &c. It would seem The following are a few of the items that they lived pretty well for the that entered into their commissary place and period. I venture that accounts; 40 gallons of brandy, 80 there are some people in that "neck gallons of maderia wine, 200 pounds of woods" at this day that do not of loaf sugar, a small keg of lemon fare more sumptuously. juice, 6 pounds of tea, 100 pounds L. K. Evans.

The Spicer Massacre "In the beginning" of pioneer life ter, Elizabeth, a sprightly twelve in the territory now within the year old lass, was ironing the clothes. boundaries of Greene county a man William, a nine year old lad, was set- by the name of Spicer was "lord of ting traps to catch the gray squirrels all he surveyed," from the summit that were preying upon the tender of the range of high hills separating corn, and doubtless each of the other waters of Dunkard from those of Big members of the household were Whiteley creek. The exact location pursuing some useful calling or in- of his fatal cabin cannot be certainly nocent amusement. A more tranquil ascertained. Some traditions locate home can hardly be imagined, when it in the head of Deep run, which suddenly Logan, the enraged and flows into Dunkard creek a short dis- desperate Mingo Chief, with a party tance above Bob Town. Some would of warriors made their appearance, have it on the old Dave Keener farm intent on murder and thirsting for on the head waters of a branch of blood. Upon observing their presence Meadow run. Others place it on the Spicer stuck his axe in the log, old Eberhart farm, now belonging to walked to the house, took his seat Stephenson Garard, I believe, which and calmly awaited their coming. lies in a cove at the head of a con- An Indian took up the ax, followed siderable run which flows into Big into the house, and deliberately Whiteley on Sebastian Keener's clove him down. His wife and two farm, near a mile below the Willow little children shared a similar fate. Tree postoffice. However, these three Three other children were found or streams have their source so very chased over on the Meadow run side, close together that the locality is de- and fell victims of the reeking toma- fined sufficiently accurate by either hawk and scalping knife. But Eliza- or all of them. Indeed it is said that beth, better known as Betsy, ran there were two cabins, which was with great celerity, and for some dis- probably the fact, one at the source tance carrying the iron in her hand, of Deep run and the other on the not taking thought to throw it down. Eberhart farm-and both belonging Finally, however, she landed it in a to Spicer. brush heap, and finding her brother In one of the cabins, with a wife William, she thought to get him and seven children, he was living a away with her, but on account of his quiet, unobtrustive life. There is no sullenness and apparent indifference, evidence that any neighbors lived she was overtaken in the vain en- within neighboring distance. In the deavor to get him over the fence. very midst of the unfathomed forest The two were carried into captivity. alone they dwelt. 'Twas in the early Devereux Smith, in a letter dated summer of 1774, about the 5th day Pittsburgh, June 10, 1774, says "The of balmy June, when Spicer was 6th of this month we had an account chopping wood hard by. His daugh- from Muddy creek, which empties

29 into the river Monongahela near doubt, that were attacked and routed Cheat river, that the Indians had by a company of savages on Rees's killed and scalped one man, his wife hill, above Waynesburg. and three children, and that three But to return to Betsy Spicer. more of the same man's children She and her little brother were car- were missing. We suppose this to be ried away to the haunts of the In- Logan's party, and that they will do dians beyond the Ohio. But Lord more mischief before they return." Dunmore's war, as that of 1774 was On the 12th he adds a postscript: called, having been brought to a suc- "We are this day informed that the cessful issue, a treaty was entered in- three children before mentioned that to in the month of November of the were missing near Muddy creek were same year, by which it was stipulated found dead and scalped." He un- that all prisoners of war should be. doubtedly refers to the Spicer delivered up, and in December fol- massacre-localities not being very lowing, Col. Wilson was commission- well defined at that day. The same ed to proceed to the appointed place, writer adds, "And two men were somewhere on the Ohio frontier to killed in sight of a fort lately built receive them. As he journeyed to on Dunkard creek, up the Mononga- that appointment he passed through hela, all supposed to be done by the present site of New Geneva, and Logan's party." Who these two men was so enamored with the situation were I am as yet unable to deter- that he afterwards returned to it and mine. In another postscript added to improved the farms now owned by this letter on the 13th of the month, Judge Crow, Michael Franks, J. T. this writer gives a rumor of the bat- Springer, J. F. Gans and James Hess, tle fought on the Ten Mile, a short dubbed the acquistion "Elks Hills," distance west of the present site of settled upon them, built a fine mill Waynesburg, an account of which and founded "Wilson's Port," since will appear in a subsequent sketch. New Geneva. He procured the re- John Crawford, in his recollections lease of Betsy along with the other of a hundred years ago, whose father prisoners on Christmas day, and re- collected a party and went out next turned her to her friends. But the day to bury the murdered family, de- boy William had been borne into an- scribes the scene as a pitiable and other tribe still farther away and dreadful sight, so much as that one could not be released. He never was of the party who had never witnessed retrieved, spent all his life with the the like before became terror Indians, married a squaw and it is stricken and wanted the party to said became a chief. Upon one oc- clear itself, lest it meet a similar casion he was induced to return in fate from Indians still lurking near order to give his legal assent to tho in the weeds. Crawford relates that disposition of certain property in his Capt. Logan sent on the prisoners sister's favor, but he could not be in- and plunder with the main body, duced to quit his life in the woods whilst he and another Indian named for one of civilization. Snake went over on Big Whiteley Betsy was a girl of more than or- creek and killed or mortally wound- dinary mind. Her perceptive facul- ed a man named Keener, whose body ties were very quick, and her powers was not found till the buzzards, by of observation extraordinary for one their circling flight, indicated the of her years. Short as was her cap- spot where it lay. Keener was tivity she had learned the language buried in the bottom, now the of her captors so as to readily inter- famous meadow of John Lantz. And pret their words. She gathered also it was this same party, I have no many facts as to the medicinal

30 properties of roots and herbs and the them in different directions. Several Indian method of treating diseases times they pointed towards him so that rendered her services invaluable directly as to put him in the notion in case of prevailing sickness in the of running for his life, but hoping neighborhood in which she lived. they did not see him he laid still till Having married a man by name of night, when he and Snake stole Bowen and living to the advanced noiselessly away. age of 81 years, she was familiarly In this connection it may not be known to many who live to read this amiss to note that John Crawford sketch as the kind-hearted nurse and states that the next day Logan and good old "granny Bowen." Snake went to Muddy creek to the After Betsy returned to her friends cabin of James Flenniken where they she visited the site of the awful killed a mare and pet wolf, thence to tragedy where she was rendered an the cabin of John Crawford where orphan child, and remembering that they cut in pieces some bags of rye one of the Indians, finding himself and stuck a tomahawk through a overloaded with plunder, had con- copper kettle; thence to Thomas up the cealed some things under a log, she Hughes' where they broke repaired to the spot and among furniture and cooking utensils; olher articles found her father's thence to James Moredock's where thence to scalp, which she religiously pre- they did similar mischief; they served all her life with the intention near Vanmeter's fort where man named of having it enclosed in her own killed and scalped a coffin when she should be called to Way. He says mischief was also that "bourne whence no traveller re- (lone on the waters of Ten Mile, to the turneth." She also remembered which I presume has reference where she had thrown her smoothing fight alluded to above. iron when endeavoring to escape, Mrs. Betsy Bowen died in the year of the and found it and it is yet preserved 1845, within the recollection of by her descendants as a sacred relic writer hereof. Her life was one and momento of their historic rela- kindness and charity, dispensing hand. She lived tive. blessings on every She related that she heard Captain and died in the neighborhood of her a Logan telling his braves that he and early misfortunes. She raised one of Snake were lying behind the fence large family of children, liv- close to Jenkins' fort (now Garard's, whom, Mrs. Nancy Steel, is still is the I presume) that night when the party ing, aged 74 years, who Stephens, which buried the Spicers came in; mother of Mrs. Azariah from whom I that he heard a woman with a shrill near Garards Fort, interesting voice call, "Who will turn out and have ascertained many thrilling and guard the women while they milk facts concerning this A long string of men sorrowful incident. the cows?" L. K. Evans. came out with guns on their shoulders and frequently pointed

Elizabeth Bozarth The fame of the subject of this In the spring of 1779 we find her slketch is already world-wide. The living in a cabin some place in the intrepid heroism she displayed in the lower part of the valley of Dunkard short space of less than three min- creek. That it was on Dunkard utes has immortalized her name and creek, and in Greene county, there is given it a place in the annals of the no historic event more positive. But most thrilling events with the Amer- the exact locality which, did we ican Indians. know, would add much to the inter-

31 est of the story, is not recorded, nor hold of the disembowled Indian and is there any tradition, to my knowl- drawn him out of the way, Mrs. edge, on the subject at all. All ac- Bozarth, with the aid of the man who counts speak of her as a lone woman, had somewhat recovered from his Nothing is said of husband or chil- wound in the breast, shut the door dren. She is designated as Mrs. and fastened it against the besieging Elizabeth Bozarth only. savages. Repeated attempts were About the middle of March there made by the Indians to break: into was an alarm of Indians. Beside the house, but our heroine and her hers there were but two or three wounded companion, by their bold cabins in the neighborhood. For determination and vigilant, heroic some reason-either because her exertions, held fast the door and de- habitation afforded the best wall of fended every entrance for several defense, or because she was such a days till a party came from the fearless creature, or something else neighboring settlements and drove -the neighbors fearing to stay at their besiegers away. All these long home all assembled at her house, and days and fearful nights did Elizabeth were abiding there presuming that Bozarth and that severely wounded in union there was strength. man remain in that cabin in the After the lapse of some days, when presence of two dead men, which the fear of an attack had begun to adds to the incident a thrill of un- subside and a feeling of comparative common horror. All the children security was being restored and the outside were killed, scalped ana wanted vigilance against surprise mangled by the infuriated demons. had consequently been relaxed, at a How many children were saved inside moment when there were but two is not recorded. If any, they musL men in the house, some of the chil- have been very small. I am led t., dren of the various families ran in this conclusion both by the expres- from their play in much alarm, cry- sion "ugly red man," and by the fac: ing, "Ugly red men! Ugly red men!" that no mention was made of any Upon one of the men stepping to the service rendered by them during the door he received a ball in the side execution of these tragic scenes. of the breast, which caused him to And what became of the other men fall back on the floor. The Indian and women who had at first gaLhered who shot him sprang in over his at the residence of Mrs. Bozarth is prostrate body and grappled with the exclusively a matter of conjecture, remaining white man. The white but it is at least rational to suppose man threw him on the bed and called that at the time of the attack they for a knife with which to dispatch had ventured back to their individual him, and Elizabeth answered that cabins to attend to their household call by seizing an ax and splitting affairs, and whilst the Indians were out the brains of the intruding sav- engaged at Mrs. Bozarth's they age. At the same instant another found opportunity and means of es- Indian entered the door and shot cape. I take it for granted that if dead the man who was engaged with they too had fallen victims to the the Indian on the bed. Wielding deadly foe, the man who wrote an again the fatal ax Elizabeth Bozarth account of the affair on the 26th of disemboweled that Indian on the April following, would certainly have spot, who bawled "Murder! mur- mentioned it. der!" Immediately several others of While it is doubtless true that the party who had been engaged in Elizabeth Bozarth would never have slaughtering children in the yard been known as a heroine if this oc- came to his relief, and one of them casion had not presented itself, the thrusting his head in at the dorr had crowning glory claimed for her is It cleft in twain by a murderous that she was equal to the occasior stroke of Mrs. Bozarth's ax. At the when it came. It was an emergenct same time another having caught summoning the instantaneous exer-

32 cise of all the powers of mind and however little else her life ac- body. There could be no greater de- complished, the manner in which she gree of fortitude conceived than thai acquitted herself on this trying oc- necessary to enable a woman to at- casion was sufficient to demonstrate tack successively three infuriated that she possessed the elements of savages, and that in the presence of greatness, and needed but the oppor- many more. Nor could a more vig- tunity to make herself useful and orous exercise of womanly strength distinguished. And if the site of her be possible than put forth in this noble deed could but be determined life or death struggle. It was simply a memorial monument shouid be Herculean. Nor was the exercise of erected there by the women of her mental faculties any the less Greene county in appreciation of marvelous. It took wonderful self this unrivaled heroism of one of their possession, a deliberate methodical sex-a heroism deserving to be per- purpose to deal with these fast mul- petuated in memory to the latest tiplying and horrifying and paialyz- generations. Such an example of ing events, and yet make every fortitude would have defied a movement effective. Three strokes Spartan woman when classic Greece of that terrible ax, wielded in rapid was queen of nations. succession, each performing its work L. K. Evans. of death as certainly as though P. S.-Since the above was in type given by the hand of a practiced I have seen an account saying that executioner having his victims bound Mrs. Bozarth had a husband and to the block; and then the closing of three children. Possibly one of the the door in the face and in spite of a two men in the house with her was superior force, were acts, the suc- Mr. Bozarth. But one could scarcely cessful execution of which required draw that inference from any record the exercise of no ordinary mental that I have seen. powers. Therefore I conclude that L. K. E.

Col. William Crawford At a very early date John Craw- tied parts of New York. They suf- ford emigrated from Scotland and fered much on the way, from hun- settled on a tract of land near where ger, and at one time were only kepL Chambersburg now stands. In the from starving by a very peculiar year 1748 he died, leaving a widow providence. A hawk had stuck its and five children-George, Arthur talons into a fish that was too big William, Mary and John. The widow for it to carry, nor could it extricate afterwards married John McKinney, itself. The fugitives got both. Upon by whom she had four children- dissecting the hawk they found a James, Robert, Joseph and Elizabeth. snake in its stomach, but still they John McKinney sold the possessions ate the bird and "pronounced it very at Chambersburg about the year good." When McKinney got home 1756 and removed the family near he brought the news that he had where the town of Hancock now seen Arthur at Fort Duquesne. Hav- stands, on the Big Kanawha. Short- ing been taken there he was after- ly after his cabin was burned by the ward adopted into the family of the Indians and himself taken prisoner- noted Indian chief, White Eyes, who first to Fort Duquesne, thence to afterwards became converted to Canada, where with three other pris- Christianity and had a son educated oners the French put him to reaping at Princeton College. White Eyes peas, near the St. Lawrence or had a favorite hunting camp near Niagara river. One night the four where Brownsville now stands, took a canoe and escaped to the set- where he often brought Arthur to teach him the art of hunting. Arthur two cows but no churn. Crawford became somewhat famous as a hunt- directed him to his cabin, proposing er. After an absence of seven years to loan him a churn. In a few days he was permitted to return to his old Crago went and got the churn and place of abode. But his mother was whilst returning with it met a party dead and the family scattered far and of Indians-two men and two wide. Pontiac',s war breaking out in women. They attempted to take his 1763 he was commissioned a Cap- horse for one of them to ride who tain of rangers, and being of power- had been wounded in a skirmish with ful physical force and mental vigor, some whites near Laurel Point, on the appointment was received by the the Monongahela. Crago resisted people with great eclat. But he and he and the well Indian got into soon sickened and died. a scuffle. Having thrown the Indian On the death of the mother Wil- Crago was shot dead by one of the liam had been apprenticed by the squaws. The next day Cook and a Orphan's Court to Samuel Cocmbs, man named John Moore found Crago in London county, Va. He served and had him buried. This man Crago out his time and enlisted for five was certainly an odd adventurer. He months under a Scotch Captain to had two little sons with him- defend the frontiers, the company Thomas and Robert, the oldest but being uniformed in highland costume eleven years. He had built no cabin, and wore the plaid and kilt. and was camping in the wilderness In 1767 he married a daughter of by the side of a big log. The young- David Kennedy, who lived near the est had badly burned his hand, and forks of the Conocacheague. In the two went each day to get Mrs. 1769 he came out west and made a Shepherd to dress the sore Thb- small improvement and returned in night after Crago was killed these the fall. In 1770 he came out again two little fellows remained alone in and finding Roger Roberts on his im- the woods, nor dreamed that they provement he sold it to him for a were indeed fatherless as well as trifle, and crossing to the west side houseless. of the Monongahela, near Carmich- After William Crawford returned aels, he with a negro named Cook im- with his family he witnessed many proved lands now owned by James hardships and braved many dangers. Ray and others. They brought a He became naturally, from his great fresh cow with them to furnish them energy and daring, a leader of tho with milk, and killed what wild meat men of his time. was necessary for their subsistence. He was in the front rank of the They built a cabin and cleared five defenders of this settlements acres and put in corn. from the Indians, and oF his country from its enemies both redl John Crawford came out at the and white. same time and improved an adjoin- ing farm. William Shepherd lived About the first lesson he learned about three miles away and had a in his school of experience was wife named Rebecca, of whom he was taught him in this wise: Three pro- very proud, for he thought she was fessed "land jobbers" came to his the only woman west of the river at cabin and he took them in and treat- that time; but I guess he was mis- ed them with great courtesy and taken. kindness. The next morning his Some time during the summer three very valuable horses were William Crawford, leaving Cook at gone. One of these men confessed Shepherd's to keep a watch over the on the gallows years after that his growing corn, started back to Con- first offense was stealing horses ocacheague for his wife and daugh- from William Crawford, on Muddy ter. At the mouth of Muddy creek creek. He met another of them at he met Thomas Crago, an old ac- "Catfish" (Washington) in 1781 and quaintance. Crago had with him would have cowhided him if he (the

34 horse thief) had not been locked up gun, and for the time escaped. Later in a room to prevent it. in the day Crawford tracked him up, At the time of the Spicer massacre and creeping quietly through the he made all possible haste to place weeds, got within a shadow's length his family in Jenkins' fort, and then of the Captain and three other tories rode all night warning the inhabi- sitting on a log with guns by their tants of the danger. He led the side. He sprang suddenly up and party next morning as we have al- presenting his rifle said, "I'll blow ready seen, which went out to bury the brains out of the first man that the dead. The Indians on that raid makes show of resistance." They plundered both his and John Craw- gave a faint scream and quietly sub- ford's cabins, which they had left but sided, saying they would surrender. a very few minutes before he was "Group your arms and march three there to look after them and procure paces off," said he, which they did; subsistance for his family while it and gathering up the guns he march- remained in the fort. ed them off to the prison fort. His In the year 1777, upon the rumor son, John Crawford, who made a rec- o[" Indian depredations, he removed ord of many facts which he learned his family into Jacob Vanmeter's from his father, relates this instance fort, somewhere between Carmich- of himself. He says "at this time aels and Rices Landing, for about (1777) I was about five years old, two weeks. Upon his return to his and was afflicted with a complaint own quarters, his neighbors joining called the 'shingles,' and was sup- him, they built five additional cabins posed to be in a very bad way. My to the two he had already erected father was called away as usual when and stockaded the vacancies with a troubles with the tories would arise. palisade ten feet high, with port However, he reluctantly left me and holes, as a means of defense and went. I remember that my mother thenceforward felt secure from sav- took me to Margaret McDowell, the age or tory intrusion. only physician we had in that part He was an ardent patriot and did of the country at that time. She valiant service for the cause of inde- daubed me over with black cat's pendence. Living as he did in the blood (I suppose white cat's blood n.dst of a hot-bed of secret oath- would have had the same effect) and bound tories, as we shall see to our I got well." humiliation, in a subsequent article, will serve to was actively and openly engaged One more incident he the women acted exposing their treason, foiling illustrate the part in At one time their schemes and arresting their in these tragic scenes. had four men in his leaders. His life was constantly in Wm. Crawford whom unknown to him jeopardy as they had repeatedly fort, two of They slipped away and threatened to take it, and he ran were tories. tory band that were combin- greater risks and had more hair- joined a their "beloved king." breadth escapes from his neighbors ing to serve had a wife whom he and daily associates than from the One of them That night there reputed savage of the forest. left in the fort. in the fort. Two other 1777 William Crawford was were no males In to take the tory's commissioned by Col. Gaddis a ser- tory women came Crawford began to and instructed to arrest tories. wife away. Mrs. geant, not right and in- instance will illustrate the mistrust all was A single the facts. They condition of things at the time, and sisted on knowing give satisfaction. She to show of what kind of stuff refused to serve to detain them and their Crawford was made: Early one threatened night. The women morning he got sight of a tory Cap- horses over to go out in spite of her tain on Cedar Point, on Big Whiteley threatened bring men enough to reduce the creek, and at once made chase. The and Mrs. Crawford met them in the Captain ran for his life, and in order fort. distaff in hand, and said: to make better speed abandoned his gate way,

35 "Advance one step further and I'll Loughran, Rebecca Gordon, (first split out your brains." They shrank wife of Jno. A. Gordon) and Phoebe, back and cowed down. Finaliy she who never married. The manner in let them out, and after they got a which John Lynn Crawford got his little piece away they called back name will bear relating in this con- that the fort would be in ashes be- nection, and will make a very appro- fore the next morning. This tirea'; priate closing to this article. When was truly alarming, for there was not his father, John Crawford was a a man nor a gun in the fort-nothing young man, about the year 1790, he but women and children. After con- was appointed a scout or ranger, and sultation it was resolved to abandon whilst he and John Lynn, his com- the fort. A pack saddle was placed rade, were on an expedition out upon the back of an old beast, the about the flats of Grove creek, they only one to be had, and laden with made a solemn agreement that in such articles as they could thus con- case either of them should be killed vey, they took up the line of march. the other should name his first born They went to a young man's cabin by son for him. This contract wa; name of Armstrong. He was gone to entered into one night whilst repos- help suppress the tories. His sister ing under the same blanket. Before kept house and took them in. The morning dawned they were attacked children were put to sleep, and Mrs. by Indians and John Lynn was slain. Crawford and another woman went True to his promise John Criawford back to the fort and got blankets, named his first born baby John Lynn, and went on a rising piece of ground a custom that his descendants have and laid down to watch, expecting observed ever since. every minute to see the fort in flames. But in the morning all being John Crawford, who bequeathed yet safe they returned to the chil- to his family much valuable informa- dren. Not receiving any news of tion by writing out a narrative of their friends-the men-that day, early events for their information, these two women went back to their died shortly after he began this post and stood guard over the desert- work. If he had lived to complete ed fort the next night. The next the narrative the author of thesn morning old Margaret McDowell sketches would not have been left to came and told them they would re- grope in the dark because of a dearth turn to the fort in safety as the of authentic information on many whigs had dispersed the tories and important points. I have found the placed many of them in irons. John Crawford papers, which have William Crawford had two sons been kindly placed at my disposal by and six daughters-William and his grandson, James P. Crawford, John, Polly Lynn, Rebecca Slater, Esq., of Pittsburg, a fund of the Nancy Cobb, Katy Young, Alice Arm- most satisfying and gratifying strong and Ruth Miller. His son knowledge, and from which I have John had four sons and four daugh- gleaned largely in this and other ters-John Lynn, William, Jennings sketches. and Jefferson, Alice Kerr, Lucinda L. K. Evans.

36 "Eden"-Battle of the Ten Mile

Among the numerous Indian trails time the original patents for the that chequered the original forests land was obtained. was a very important and well-beat- This enterprising adventurer next en one leading from Ohio up Wheel- proceeded to secure his right (that ing creek to Ryerson's Station, cross- of discovery, I suppose) to this ad- ing thence over on to the head of mirable spot so suited to his fancy. Jouth Ten Mile and down its valley And I imagine a very free and lib- Lo the Monongahela. That this path eral use of his "little hatchet" in the was often frequented by marauding succeeding days to the extent of a bands of hostile Indians is well at- week. The courses and distances, tcAted by the chain of forts, for the bearings and departures, the length protection of the settlers, established and breadth, extent and scope and along its line. Fort Henry, at the area of broad acres which he en- olouih of Wheeling, where the city closed in this informal and pre- of Wheeling now stands; Shepherd's 1iminiary survey I cannot even con- fort, six miles from the mouth of jecture. For where his "place of the creek; Ryerson's fort, at Ryer- being" was and how and when he son's Station; Fort Jackson, near returned to it is not susceptible of priesent site of Waynesburg, and per- the vaguest surmise. hlaps other less important stockades In the after days a very fady old in the intervals. At this point tradition presumes to relate that (Waynesburg) the path was located Thomas Slater, before the year about where High street now occu- 1774, but how long before cannot pies. 1now be determined, bought about Adt some indefinite period prior to 400 acres, including the present site the year 1774, an individual, whom of Waynesburg, of that tomahawk tradition defines only as a man, fol- right for the consideration of "one lowed this Indian trail into the mazy 2-year-old heifer calf, one flint-lock labyrinths of the unbroken forest rifle, and some other trifling articles and encamped for the nonce near which the fellow carried away with the mouth of Smith creek. I mean him." In order to make his claim that he enjoyed a refreshing nap and doubly secure Slater added to the dispatched a hearty breakfast and right for which he had paid so lib- then with an eye to business began orally that of a "squatter sov- o survey the situation. Peradven- ereign's" by proceeding to build lure he scaled the lofty summit of there a cabin and occupy it with his "Duvall's hill," or sauntered leisure- family. This cabin which is con- ly over to the heights of "Green ceded to be the first one erected Mount cemetery," and having viewed near this vicinity was located on a the landscape o'er because enamored knoll just above the Smith creek with the prospect, and in the "gush" road and a little southeast of of the moment called it "Eden." I Thos. W. Sayers' old barn, which do not wonder at this. Any one stands directly east of William occupying either position today .Tohnson's new brick residence, in would be similarly inspired if his the Sayers addition to the borough feelings were susceptible of being of Waynesburg. The "Bouncing moved by a sense of the beautiful Petties" that appear there in such and lovely. For there are few more .-reat profusion each successive striking and more delightful views ?nring, have been perpetuating them- than that presented from these selves for more than a century, and stand points. But whether ap- still attest the locality of the first propriate or not Eden was the name an rden snot ever cultivated In these by which this valley where Waynes- parts. They invest the place with a burg now stands was known at the halo of antiquity to any one ac-

37 quainted with the circumstances poverty stricken stream which now which gave them existence. Who, bears it. William Inghram possessed if any, were the contemporaries of himself of Laurel run from the Thomas Slater, even tradition does "camp ground" to the "Rich Hills," not venture a conjecture. He at a time when there was none to seems to have been the Adam of this dispute his right, and erected his latter day Eden, except that the cabin on the Hiram Kent farm, now then friendly and sociable red men owned by Mrs. Benj. Long. He wa. who made frequent excursions a man well on in years and had mar- along the pathway above described, ried sons and daughters even then. would as frequently visit him and Simon, Thomas and Samuel Rineharc engage with him in the rude sport came over from the "Rhine" valley of hopping and jumping, running of the "Fader Land," and made con- foot races, pitching quoits, wrestling quest of "Coal Lick" run, including and shooting at a mark, on the level the Poor House farm, when there grounds where the Smith creek was nothing there but wild beasts bridge now spans the Ten Mile. to conquer. Those were the "piping days of Thomas Smith (father of Hugh, peace" in the bloody year of 1774. our contemporaneous and good loo'i- A man whose name was Jones, a ing old bachelor friend), Thonima Welshman, no doubt, is said to have Kent (father of James, who is now been the first to occupy the Jesse a very aged and good old man and Hook property just east of town. the last of a family of thirteen chil- Tradition says Hathaway's mill stood dren), Arthur Inghram (son of Wil- near the present site of Hook's dis- liam and father of Arthur, famniliar- tillery, in the days of "auld lang ly known as "limpy At," 'ately syne," but as for fixing dates, echo dec'd), James Porter and Billy Laf- answers "when?" ferty raised a crop of corn on the William Brown owned what was farms now owned by Uriah and afterward known as the Jennings Josiah Inghram, on Smith creek, be- farm, now owned by my esteemed fore the outbreak of the Revolution- friend, J. A. J. Buchanan, Esq. A ary war. But the exact year is un- certain history of Greene county known. It is probable that these says "Nathaniel Jennings built a mill men followed the wise example oi0 in the vicinity of Wayitesburg, some- many others-improved their farms time before the site was laid out for and raised a crop a year in advance the County Seat, which was on the of occupying them with their fam.- above named improvement. An ill- ilies. fated family by name of McClelland Such were some of the surround- lived at the mouth of the ravine just ings in the halcyon days of good will below the double bridge. The and harmony between the settlers Archer family resided in the vicinity and native aged man. But in the Io-T'-WerTe'Dotysburg" now stands. spring of 1774 when Logan, the cele- Uriah White first settled somewhere brated Mingo chief, became so en- between the mouths of the two ranged by the outrages committed Whiteley creeks and afterwards oc- on his kinsmen and retaliated by an cupied the Gordon "Rich Hills," on avenging crusade through these val- the divide between the Ten Mile leys that sent a thrill of horror and slope and the headwaters of Big terror to every heart, it became Whiteley creek, at a period so re- necessary to prepare means of de- mote as to find the latter without fense. And now we find a page with a name, and he was clever enough a snatch of local history thereon. to contribute his own. Both White- Withers, in a foot note, on page 114 ley creeks were named for him. In of his Chronicles of Border Warfare like manner Thomas Smith per- incidentally records the fact that petuated his name to all succeeding about this time Fort Jackson was generations by lending it to the then built on Ten Mile.

38 It was probably before the fort McClure and his men, no doubt was built that Capt. Francis Mc- outraged by the temerity and Clure and Lieut. Samuel Kincaid audacity of this small band of In- with forty men encountered Logan dians with sixteen reeking scalps of and his party about a mile west of innocents slain, were making all the site whereon Waynesburg has haste to redress and avenge their since been built. Devereux Smith, wrongs, and were pushing forward in a letter dated Pittsburg, Jan. rashly and with insufficient caution 10th, 1774, after referring to the when they fell into the ambuscade Spicer murder as occuring on the set for them by the crafty Logan. 6th of June, in a postscript dated However, Kincaid, who has relatives this morning received certain ac- still living here, is represented by counts from Ten Mile creek that on them as a man of reckless disposi- the 11th inst. Captain Francis Mc- tion, and there is a vague tradition Clure was killed and Lieut. Samuel that to this rashness the disaster Kincaid badly wounded. These men was in some way attributable. were heading a party in pursuit of In this skirmish James Flenniken Logan and were a considerable dis- was killed also. He was the brother Lance ahead of their men, and when of Judge John Flenniken, the grand- the party came up they found their father of my esteemed friend, Hon. Captain killed and Lieutenant J. C. Flenniken. There are some wounded. Part of them stayed to traditionary shadows of still other take care of the wounded man and casualties, but I have not been able the rest went in pursuit of the In- to identify any others with this dians. It is said that one of Logan's event, and usually they are trace- men was wounded." able to other times and transactions. 2Eneas MacKay, in a letter dated Pittsburg, in 1774, writes: "We This affray, which I shall denom- don't know what day or hour we will inate the battle of the Ten Mile, oc- be attacked by our savage and pro- curred on the Reese farm, about one voked enemy, the Indians, who have and a quarter miles west of town, already massacred sixteen persons to and a short distance n orth of where our certain knowledge, about and in the old homestead, now occupied by the neighborhood of Ten Mile creek. William Reese, stands. After cross- A party of militia consisting of Cap- ing the creek at the site of the Ely tain McClure and Lieut. Kincaid and bridge the trail passed up the deep forty privates were on their march gulch past where W. P. Reese now to join Connolly at the mouth of resides, and about the route of the Wheeling where he intended to erect old road; and whilst toiling up the a stockade fort, when on a sudden steep ascent to the table land be- they were attacked by a party of yond, I imagine, the Indians who only four Indians who killed the were concealed on the top of the hill Captain on the spot, wounded the amid the thick forest and foliage Lieutenant and made their escape." that then prevailed, attacked them Whilst Logan's party was unques- with the result already set forth. tionably small MacKay doubtless This is perhaps the only instance of makes it too little. From all the actual conflict between parties of sources of information which I can armed warriors that ever occurred gather I am led to believe that eight within our borders. is about the correct number. L. K. Evans.

39 Fort Jackson

As we have already seen, Fort was one common entrance gate but Jackson was founded some time in once inside each family controlled its the early summer of the "bloody own apartment and latch string. year" 1774. It derived its name Such is a very brief and lame de- from the man who owned the prem- scription of an institution that once ises and not from General Andrew figured in this community as the Jackson, as some may ignorantly hope and salvation of its people. suppose. At that early day the gen- Around this devoted spot whereon it eral was unknown to fame. This stood cluster a myriad of reminis- man Jackson then owned the Jesse cences which, if they could be in- Hook property, or a portion of it, telligibly unraveled and woven into having purchased it, I presume, from narrative, would make volumes of the man Jones whom tradition desig- interesting matter. The traditions of nates as its original owner. His Jackson's Fort are exceedingly nu- cabin, which in the year 1774 was merous, but they are exceedingly fortified and dignified by the name vague, contradictory and unsatisfac- of Jackson Fort, stood near the bluff tory. Perhaps a dozen of the oldest of the creek on that beautiful pla- inhabitants have given me as many teau, now meadow land, directly different versions of the same inci- south of Hookstown. Remains of dent, differing so materially as to this historic structure are still vis- cause a doubt as to the identity of ible, and though but mouldering the story. And yet there is einough relics, are still objects of the greatest. of resemblance and corroboration of interest to one in search of national leading facts as to prove beyond all or patriarchal antiquities. controversy that a very interestin,) At first this fortification was but a incident involving these features did single cabin remodeled and recon- actually occur. The localities where structed into a sort of block house. these thrilling adventures were ex- But in the course of fleet-footed perienced are very accurately pre- time, when the inhabitants increased served almost every one agreeing as and dangers thickened, a regular to the place. Names are not so well stockade of great capacity and su- defined. Each family has naturally perior strength was constructed. tlaken peculiar pride in perpetuating This consisted of a regular system of that part of the story relating to its cabins, arranged in the form of a own immediate ancestors, and conse- hollow square and enclosing an acre quently in the transmission of the of ground. Between these cabins facts from generation to generation were palisades ten or twelve feet each has appropriated to itself a high and all supplied with portholes unique proportion of the glory and and other necessary conveniences heroism of the affair. Dates have essential to effective defense. Each been almost entirely obliterated and prominent, thrifty settler ill the in the main cannot be determined neighborhood who looked to F'ort at all. The period of a few trans- Jackson for protection, owned one of actions can be approximately arrived its elementary cabins, and besides a at by their relation to certain other home on his farm had a home of de- events, such as births and marriages. fense to which he resorted in case of which are a matter of record. Hence alarm. The doors of these cabins all in relating such traditions as I may opened towards the enclosure and on judge sufficiently authentic to merit the outward side there was neither attention, I shall not assume to do door nor window except it would be what in the very nature of things is some contrivance of an opening in impossible-relate them in their the upper part as a means of ob- proper order as to time. But I shalt servation. To this fortification there rather adopt the method of telling

40 all I know about each person or fam- the sword or any physical prowess. ily introduced before dropping them, I have already noticed the fact except when his part in any trans- that Thomas Slater was among the action is of minor importance, then very earliest settlers in the vicinity I shall leave that portion of history of "Eden," and that for some years till I come to treat of the principal. he and his family were on terms of As before intimated I am compelled friendship and intimacy with the to take up these subjects at random. Indians. But the time came when What was the Christian name of even he was not exempt from their the man for whom the fort was call- depredations. For they, when on ed is not known. In fact there seems the rampage, were no respecters of to be very little knowledge of him persons. Once a sudden alarm of now current. But the following in- lurking savages came over the Slater cident will show that he was no fool family and pell-mell, helter-skelter and at the same time no coward. the entire household were off for the Because neither a fool or a coward fort. Having proceeded so far on the coaiu practice such a device under way as the spring located in oae of such threatening circumstance: the lots in the rear of Mrs. D. Owens' Once upon a time, so the story present residence, the old gentleman L'oes, Mr. Jackson was out beyond thought of his gun which he had for- the present site of the Jonas Ely gotten to take with him. He had stone house (now the handsome resi- two daughters-Sallie and Nellie- dence of my esteemed friend, J. A. J. from ten to fifteen years of age, who Buchanan, Esq.) when he was dis- were brave and fleet. They were covered by a party of Indians com- directed to return and secure the ing down the Indian trail. He waan gun, which they did with the rapidity literally surprised, the Indians hav- of the wind, and one tradition says ing got close upon him before he dis- that they were greeted with a flight covered them. Unarmed and not of arrows from the heights of very fleet of foot they had nearly Duvall's hill. One of these girls has overtaken him when he reached the been known to say that it seemed to elevation upon which the aforesaid her that she did not only run on that stone house now stands. All hope of occasion but she "flew." escape or relief having vanished. A few years later, upon an oc- Jackson resorted to the followin- casion of another alarm from prowl- -rrategem which luckily succeeded: ing Indians another romantic episode Upon gaining the crest of the hill he happened in the life of Sarah Slater. snatched up a club and flourished It As it was the universal custom when over his head, triumphantly exclaim- the Indians visited the neighborhood ing, "Hurry up, boys! Here they are. for the whites to greet them with the Come quick and we'll get them!" utmost stretch of hospitality by giv- The ruse had the desired effect. The ing up bed, board and premises to Indians supposing assistance at hand. them, whilst the whites assembled in turn took alarm and retreated themselves in the fort, so now, the with great precipitation. Jackson whole country was of one accord, did not follow them. But here, ac convened-fathers and mothers, sons at the battle of Bull Run in 1861, and daughters, priest and patron, both armies were in full retreat at saint and sinner, friend and foe, lov- the same time. He was content to ing and loved, what better oppor- get off with his life. But the in- tunity, what more convenient season genious manner by which he saved could be wished for a wedding? And himself gave him an enviable reputa- what more discreet and wiser act tion in his day and generation. could a young lady do at a time And this little bit of tact and shrewd- when a protector was the one thing ness enacted with such cool assur- needful? So thought Sarah Slater. ance was accounted unto him a Israel White, a gallant knight of the heroism superior to that secured by hunting shirt led her to the altar.

41 and there the nuptial ceremony was stood at home-whether or not the celebrated amidst surroundings that cabin was burned to the ground and gave grave and deep meaning to the the cows and pigs slaughtered. At promise to love, honor and protect. any rate, it being in the cold season, This happy pair commenced a mar- the stock were suffering from lack ried life among the most trying and of attention, and perhaps starving thrilling scenes, and continued to for want of feed. alternate between the fort and an One cold, rayless morning, when humble cabin on the farm till after the ground was covered with snow, their second child was born. Elder he started to his plantation, and was David White, now of Oak Forest, gone all day. Not returning as soon this county, is one of the many chil- as was expected, his brother David dren of this highly respected and became anxious at his continued ab- historic parentage, and from whom sence, and made up his mind to go inl I gathered some of the interesting quest of him. Catching a colt facts detailed above. whereon, it is alleged, never before Nellie Slater, to whom reference is man sat, he rode hastily along the made above, married a man by name forest pathway westward. A vague of Pipes, and became the mother of tradition maintains that when he ar- James Pipes, Esq., ex-Justice of the rived at that point in his path, about Peace in Franklin township. Thomas the present site of the Downey Slater, Jr., moved to West Virginia, House, that he was fired upon by In- and had in custody the celebrated dian who were in the woods in the conch shell which so faithfully direction of the Steam mill; and sounded the many alarms from the though 1 believe this incident to have parapets of Jackson's Fort. Isaac occurred, I am inclined to doubt it., Slater inherited his father's estate, having occurred upon the occasion and having married Mary Workman which I am now trying to describe. lived to a ripe old age on the old However this may be, the Judgv, for homestead. His good wife outlived such he afterwards became, with un- him a number of years. The elder faltering devotion to his brother, Thomas Slater had other sons and pursued the object of his search. daughters whose careers I have not When he arrived on the rising had opportunity to trace. ground beyond the creek, and above Among the vivid reminiscences of W¥illiam Reese s present residence, the environs of Jackson's Fort occurs he was horrified to find the dead the following well authenticated tra- body of his devoted brother lying in ditions: the path, scalped, and naked and It was during one of those general rigid with cold. With a sensation of alarms that induced all the settlers inexpressible woe and grief he turned in the neighborhood to repair to the from the sickening scene and com- fort with their families for protec- menced retracing his steps to pro- tion, and remain there for days till cure assistance. Upon reflection, satisfied that the Indians had with- however, he shuddered and revolted drawn from the settlements, that at the idea of deserting that brother, Mathew Gray, brother of Judge though stark in death, and he re- David Gray, concluded to venture out solved to take him to the fort him- to his farm on the creek two or three self. Returning to the spot he dis- miles west of the fort. He had mounted and stood the corpse up abandoned his home, no doubt, with against a tree, (for it was frozen but little ceremony, glad for the time stiff) and then remounting his colt, to get away with his life and that of he succeeded in pulling the body up his family. Everything was left to before him, and in this manner he the mercy of the invader, and sub- transported it to the fort, where its ject to the ravages of any intruder. bereaved friends received it with No wonder that Mr. Gray felt an lamentation and sorrow, and gave it anxiety to know how the affairs a decent burial. I believe the grave

42 is so marked as to be distinguishable His public services to the people and to this day. It is also said that the times of his generation were such as stump of the tree behind which the to entitle him to the gratitude of Indian stood when he fired the fatal posterity, and I, in bringing them shot is still standing just above the to the recognition of the present gen- line of the state road, as it was for- eration feel that I have done nothing merly located there. That he stood more than simple justice to one behind that particular tree was re- whose memory should be sacred, at \ealed by the tracks in the snow at least, to the pages of Greene county that time. Indeed that locality history. seems to have been a very fatal one, Mr. Isaac Teagarden, who furnish- for we have previously seen tnat it ed me with some of the leading facts wvas the site of the battle of Ten Mile. in relation to the death of Matthew in which three men were killed. And Gray, says: "When I was a boy I it is also related that a man by the rode behind my father to mill. Judge name of Livingood was waylaid Gray was there. He and my father there, and that the red oak tree be- rode homeward together, as they hind which the skulking savage stood went the same road much of the way. who did the deed still stands near I heard the Judge relate the story to a small ravine in that quarter. Any- my father. That night the Judge thing further in relation to this lat- was taken suddenly ill! The next ter incident has not yet fallen with- morning he was dead!!" in the scope of my inquiry. Contemporary with the Grays were David Gray settled on the Ephriam two other brothers, Joseph and McClelland farm, a short distance James Seals different styles of men, then. east of what is now known as the yet very useful to the public Brick Tavern or Graysville. Upon "Joe" lived several miles east of one occasion the dreaded savage hav- town, and I know but little of him. ing suddenly appeared in that "Jim," however, lived near the site vicinity, Mr. Gray and his wife. each of the toll gate west of town, and with a child to carry, abandoned built the old stone house that now with their home in the night and fled on stands hard by, connected foot all the way to Jackson's Fort, a which, were incidents, I am told, (distance of about 15 miles. which have already been perpetuated He is said that have been Mr. Gray was a very prominent in story. man and endowed with the days of frontiersmen, and a powerful man in endurance-was a hero of many a lively scene, great physical wvas the a wily, fearless In- it is said kept a journal of all crack shot and and As already seen he was interesting traditions of his ex- dian scout. the of the Commissioners I have made some effort appointed one perience. survey the location something of the existence to purchase and to learn seat, and we find of this record, but so far have failed. f or the county early records of the pro- It would, no doubt, be an interesting among the of the Greene county courts and valuable paper. As stated in my ceedings appointed by the author- sketch on Col. John Minor, David that he was Court to the position of Gray was one of the Commissioners ities of the Ranger"-a very responsible to locate and plot the town of "Wood branch of the public Waynesburg for a county seat, and and important that day-a post to which appointed one of the first As- service at was but the brave and trustworthy Judges for the county. He none sociate He was also captain appointed a Justice of the were eligible. was also of volunteers, who for Richhill township in April. of a company Peace at Ryerson Station for when our territory still be- rendezvoused 1792, did effective service to Washington county. some time, and longed and defending was the grandfather of Dr. there in protecting He This company, under David Gray, late of Jacksonville, the border. of its gallant captain, and L. T. Gray of Marshall county. the command

43 won a fair fame in a campaign John, who was the father of the against the Indians conducted by the well-known John T. Rinehart, now immortal "Mad Anthony" Wayne, deceased, occupied the Poor -louse one of Pennsylvania s most gifted farm now owned by J. A. J. Buchan- and successful military chieftains. an, Esq. At a time when John T. The captain and all his surviving was but a little babe, his father was men had at a latter day, both a State lured away from his cabin by whaL and National annuity granted them he took. to be the bawl of a calf, and for their services to the State and was killed and scalped by prowling country as true and loyal soldiers. savages. Captain Seals had a son William, At a time when an alarm of In- who became a prominent citizen in dians sent the Rineliarts with hur- the early days of Waynesburg, and ried feet flying towards the fort, one served the public as Justice of the of them, a young man who lived on Peace for a number of years. He ac- the Jenny Rinehart property, a little cumulated considerable wealth, and way above Mr. Buchanan's, after was reported a man of good honest proceeding some distance, remem- business habits. There are numerous bered that his cattle were penned descendants of this stock scattered up in the cow-yard. Reflecting that throughout the county, and, indeed. it might be some days before they throughout all the western country. could venture back to their hlomes, Since putting this sketch in shape, and considering that if the cnattle I have received a postal to the fol- should be fortunate enough to escape lowing effect: the rapine of the savages they would Muscatine, Iowa, Jan. 7, 1876. perish for lack of sustenance, he de- Mr. Evans-Dear Sir:-I will ans- termined to return and let hema on . wer your request as soon as I can lHe did so, but that young man never get things in shape. I cannot, until again was heard of by h.s irlend3. I get certain dates, do your enter- Blood stains and some locks of prise any good. Yours, auburn hair corresponding to his, D. W. Gray. and other evidences of a death strug- Hence it will be seen that I still gle were discovered near the site or hope to be able to give more in- the cattle-pen, but no other vestiges formation concerning Judge Gray of his remains could ever be found, and his times. though the most thorough search L. K. Evans. was instituted. The theory w sa thIi Correction-Sketch No. 13 should he was murdered and his body lo ef- read Experience Bozarth. It is in- fectually disposed of as to baffle all correctly printed Elizabeth Bozarth. efforts to reclaim it. L. K. E. Simon Rinehart owned the lands as the "Peggy Porter" It will be remembered that I have well known farms, and Wil- stated that three brothers- and the "Whitlatch" already owned the Jennings, Simon, Thomas and John Rinehart- liam Brown known as the Ely farm Germans, fresh from the Rhine Val- more recently town, now owned by Mr. ley of the Fatherland-occupied the west of In the spring of 1779, Coal Lick run region and held it by Buchanan. situations, and priority of right. They seemed to be these two men traded were actually on the v'ery verge of the settlement- in the month of April, when they were Jackson fort being the grand center. engaged in moving, and both killed, Hence the Indians, the implacable attacked by Indians contract was an- foe of the white man, could prey up- after which the none of the older on them with greater impunity than nulled, so that any posses- those who were nearer the protection Rineharts ever acquired of the fort. Their danger being sions west of the fort. greater, their fears and alarms were William Brown and his son Vin- correspondingly more frequent. cent, then an athletic young man,

44 had proceeded with a sled load of assassin had not long to wait till his their household goods so far down as victim appeared; and taking a delib- the site of the old grave yard at the erate aim he shattered his arm. new brick church in Morrisville, Rinehart beat a hasty retreat and en- where, meeting some friends, they deavored thus to escape; but, becom- stopped to chat. Whilst thus en- ing faint from loss of blood, was gaged, they were fired upon by In- overtaken near his home, and toma- dians who were lying in ambush hard hawked and scalped. by. William Brown and two othera In the meantime, Matthew Brown, fell dead on the spot. But Vincent, a lad of about seventeen years, who not being hurt, ran like a deer, hotly was riding along on horseback carry- pursued by one or moie of the tieeL- ing a load of stuff, and had fortun- est savages. He was so hemmed in ately loitered some distance behind by his assailants as to be compelled his father's sled, upon seeing the In- to shape his course in the directions dians attack the movers, dashed of a perpendicular precipice of about down his load and rode at top speed twenty feet on the brink of Ten Mile back to the fort; but was so over- creek just in the rear of the village. come with fright and horror that he There was no alternate but to fall could give no intelligible informa- into the hands of the infuriated sav- tion, and his mother, Molly Prown, ages or make the fearful plunge over bled him in the arm with a penknife the cliff into the waters below. It "to bring him to," as she said. It was no time for indecision, and with- seems that all the women and chil- out hesMtation he took the flying dren had been gathered into the fort, leap and lit in the middle of the but most of the men were at their stream many feet from the base of farms preparing ground for corn and the cliff. The Indians paused awe- potatoes. All the men in the fort, stricken and overwhelmed with as- except two old men, immediately tonishment. And whilst they gazed armed and started for the scene of w;th bewilderment and contemplated conflict. But when they arrived the the wonderful feat, Brown emerged Indians had departed with their from the water unhurt and undaunt- scalps and plunder. But the scene at ed, and continued his flight across the fort had now assumed a comical the bottom land beyond with strides as well as tragical aspect. The two measuring nine feet in length. Ere old men left in charge of the women hi, pursuers recovered from their and children were Thomas Slater and :amazement, he had so lengthened the a man named Clifford. They had (i stance between him and them that but one gun. Clifford shouldered they gave up the chase. (It is stout- the gun and Slater secured the lv maintained by my good and usual- whipping stick. The women became ly accurate friend E. M. Sayers, Esa., terribly excited, and cried and that Joe Archer was the man who screamed at a fearful rate. Growing took the flying leap over the cliff: desperate and impatient they would but the weight of evidence seems to unbar the gate and rush out, whilst be against him.) Slater, who was a very hasty man, A short distance below the old would run after them, and, brandish- saw mill on Laurel Run, between ing his whipping stick, would com- Morrisville and the Camp Ground, mand them to return, and remon- still stands a tree with its trunk in- strate with them that the Indians clined and peculiarly curved acros.s would pounce upon them and the stream. By this the original murder the whole batch of them. pathway led. On this an Indian lav Thus, by dint of almost superhuman concealed, waiting for the approach effort, he would prevail on them to of Simon Rinehart who was known return; but no sooner would he turn to be coming with some of his house- his back upon the gate till it would hold effects, transferring them to hi, again be thrown open and the dis- newly acquired home. The skulking tracted crowd rush recklessly out;

45 and thus the excitement continued and that both were ruthlessly slain, till the scouting party came iii with and some have it that one of them, four dead men when the scene be- though tomahawked and scalped, re- came frantic, beggaring all attempts covered and lived to rear a family. at description. We can but faintly All agree that the hired girl was lost imagine how frightfully heart-rend- At first it was supposed that she was ing must have been the spectacle. carried into captivity but all hopes Barnet Rinehart, who was the father in this direction were dashed some of our fellow townsman, Simon Rine- weeks later, by the finding of her hart, Sr., and of Judge James Rine- mutilated remains in a dense thicket hart of Oscaloosa, Iowa, and who was within sight of the fort. one of Greene county's early sheriffs, was then a little boy, but he ever Thomas Smith, the grandfather of maintained a very vivid recollection my clever old bachelor friend, Hugh of seeing his dead father brought Smith, lived in Harford county, Md., into the fort dangling across the bare on the bank of the Susquehanna back of a horse. river. There he kept a tavern and a Notwithstanding these frequent ferry, and reared a family of thirteen murders of heads of the Rinehart children-eight boys and five girls. family, they prospered and multi- In the year 1772 he sent Ralph, his plied. I believe a part of their or- eldest son, then 21 years old, xwest ot iginal improvement on Coal Lick is the mountains to buy land for a fu- still in possession of their posterity. ture home for himself and younger They have become a wide spread and brothers. He crossed the mountains influential people. Of their gen- with a number of others on a like ealogy I know but little. My inti- errand, some of whom stopped in mate and reliable friend Simon Rine- Fayette county but he pushed on hart, Jr., of the firm of Sayers & west of the Monongahela, and follow- Rinehart-now Justice of the Peace, ing up Ten Mile to the present site and who is a very enterprising and of Jefferson, purchased a body of six popular citizen, is the son of Simon. hundred acres of land, some little im- who was the son of Parnet, who was proved, and situated on both sides of the son of Thomas. Frank Rinehart., the creek above the Clarksville who has attained so much celebrity bridge. He then continued up the in the world of art as a painter, is creek to Samuel Jackson's where of this lineage, as is also Frank Jackson's Fort was afterwards built, Rinehart, now mid-shipman in the and bought him two tracts of land United States Navy. of 440 acres each on Smith creek- I will close this sketch with the now owned by Uriah and Josiah following well-authenticated inci- Inghram, Godfrey Gordon, Hugh dent: Just below the mouth of Smith and others. No improvement Pursley creek and opposite the farm had been made on these lands but owned by our esteemed friend, Col. that done by the inevitable toma- John Buchanan, resided a Mrs. Mary hawk. Ralph next did a very sensi- Sellers. Whether her husband was ble thing-went back home and mar- then living I do not know, but she ried him a wife. afterward married Peter Livingood. In March, 1774, Ralph Smith and She had two small children and a his brother, Thomas, then but eigh- hired girl living with her. All were teen years old, set out with a party out in the field picking berries when of eight or ten others from the same they were surprised by a party of neighborhood, to seek their fortunes Indians. The faithful mother took in the West, to improve lands and a child under each arm and ran like cultivate a summer's crop-those a startled doe towards her house. that were married intending to bring which was a stockade fort. Some on their families in the fall. Ralph say she saved her children; some went to work on his Jefferson land, that she was forced to abandon them, whilst Thomas Smith and Thomas

46 Kent, then nineteen years old, re- of coaxing and waiting and paying, paired to the Smith creek purchase, he got two bushels of meal. The and built them a cabin about where next day, late in the evening, he ar- Josiah Inghram's brick mansion now rived at his cabin with his acquisi- stands. They cleared a piece of tion; but before he got off his horse ground, fenced it, and planted corn Kent informed him that his brother and potatoes. About the first of June Ralph had sent them word that he a man by the name of Morris came was going to start East next morning to their cabin and informed them for his family, and that if they that the Indians had been exasperat- wished to send for anything they , d by reason of the Captina and Yel- must make their wants known. low creek murders, and were on the They set off at once for Ralph's war path, committing indiscriminate house-traveling all the way in the slaughter-that the settlers on both night. After seeing their friends the north and south branch of the safely across the river next day they Ten Mile had met at the Forks, returned to their cabin, arriving late where Clarksville now occupies, to in the evening, tired and hungry. consider the situation-that some Kent told Smith to put on a pot of favored building a fort and defend- water and make some mush for sup- ing themselves, whilst others deter- oer whilst he would milk the cow. mined to abandon the country for a Smith put the pot on, but there was season--among the latter were Ralph no meal to be found. Apprizing Smith and Morris. Kent of the fact they instituted a Thomas Smith and Thomas Kent thorough search, but to no purpose. concluded, as the surest way to save Then suddenly thinking of their their scalps, to go with Ralph. So precious store of ammunition, they ahey took the irons off their plows discovered to their amazement that and other heavy articles of value, it, too, had disappeared! What, then, and sunk them in a swamp a few could they do but take a drink of rods southwest of Josiah Inghram's milk and go to bed? following present residence. On the Next morning they went to David a considerable day these three joined White, who lived where Thomas including some company of men, Hook now resides, to tell the story at a point where women and children, of their woes. (He was called Black now lives, and George Moredock David to distinguish him from an- line of march to their took up the other David White who was no akin, In the spring ot eastern homes. and who was called Red David from they returned, Ralph and his 1775 the color of his hair. The latter was friend Morris, to the Ten Mile farm, of Jas. White now living lonely the father and Thomas and Kent to their township.) After con- creek. Collecting in Whiteley cabin on Smith with them, White asked his they renewed doning their concealed tools could give the young men as regards the wife if she their labors in peace to eat, as they must be soon encountered something Indians. But they went out and pulled and difficulties hungry. She other hardships squashes, in which the Smith owned some green equally as formidable. cleverly shaped, boil- Game was seeds were just a rifle-Kent a shotgun. them to the boys time their ed them, and gave plenty. In the course of saying, "It is the time after with milk to drink, ammunition failed. Some do." While wait- ex- very best that I can in August, their bread stuff was of their hum- their neigh- ing for the preparation hausted. They besought them that a had any to spare. ble repast White told bors in vain-none of Franks had recently down Whiteley creek man by name Smith followed on the Whiteley ridge, on without success. There settled to its mouth now owned by James White, store and procured lands lhe found a small he mistrusted, had robbed their and was directed to a who, ammunition, cabin. They went and searched the mill on George's creek where by dint 47 premises, but did not find the lost White having left for Kentucky. goods. Smith and Inghram occupied the What were they now to do? No cabin on the Inghram farm, and ammunition, no meal, no money, no Kent and Lafferty that left by White friends! They sat down on a log, on the Hook farm-and these four and took counsel together. At length constituted the entire human inhabi- they resolved to take their cow to tants of the Smith creek valley a, Black Davy White's, and seek some that period. place where they could work for However, they did not long enjoy their board till their corn and pota- peace and quiet. The Indians having toes would mature. become troublesome, Jackson's Fort Upon the farms now owned by my had been built as a place of safe intimate and much esteemed friends resort. It had become necessary to Jesse Hill and Jonas Ely lived one organize for defense. George Owen, David Owedr, whose first wife had one of the half breeds above men- been an Indian, and by whom h1e had tioned, was made captain of the five children-two boys and three Jackson Fort militia. At times farm- girls. His second wife, by whom he ing was done by squads of eight or had six children, was a white woman. ten men, who went from faim to Both sets of children were reared to- farm-part doing guard duty while gether, some of the half-breeds be- the rest would plow and hoe. ing then grown up. To this man One morning during this summer. they applied for work, and he put a man by name of Linsicum left the them to grubbing and splitting rails. fort and went up the run past Thom- In the course of two weeks Owen as Dougal's present residence to an told them, though their corn was too improvement which he had on lands young to roast, that if they would now owned by William Barnes. talke a sharp knife and split the rows After doing his errand, he thought to of forming grains and scrape out the look out for a deer on his way back, kernels and boil them in milk. they To this end he crossed over on the could manage to live on it till the Smith creek ridge. In proceeding corn got fit for use. down the ridge he descried two in- Returning again to their cabin, Cians on the Smith creek side, shap- they found, to their dismay, that one ing their course towards a barn on of Smith's horses was gone. They the farm now owned by my friend supposed him stolen. However, Samuel Luse, where a man wa., Owen, who was of a somewhat super- threshing with a flail. Linsicum stitious cast of mind, recommended crouched down in the weeds and them to a fortune telling Gipsy who crawled to the other side of the lived on Pigeon creek, in Washington ridge, and then springing up, dashed county. Smith went to see her, and off to the barn, alarmed the man. got information which he, in his in- and both escaped to the fort. Cap- nocent credulity, always maintained tain Owen immediately selected tenl led to the recovery of his horse, men, of whom Thomas Smith and which he found on Pursley creek. David White were a part, and set off above Oak Forest, on lands now to intercept the red skins. They owned by George Hoge. But the old first crossed over to the barn, thence hag, bent on mischief, tried to make to the place where the Indians had him suspect one of his intimate and been seen. The men moved all confidential neighbors of stealing his abreast, and five or six paces distant meal. from each other, with orders to keep In the spring of 1776, Arthur a sharp look-out and to tree upon Inghram, a brother-in-law of Thomas sight of the enemy. Smith, and Billy Lafferty, joined On the opposite side of the creek Smith and Kent to farm the land from Mrs. Enoch Hennen's new now owned by our esteemed fellow- house, and about half way up the townsman, John T. Hook, Black Davy hill, is a spring', and just below

48 which, Capt. Owen discovered the The other Indian was the one two Indians standing behind the Owen had wounded by his first shot, same tree. Signaling his men, they but he could not be found. In the all instantly treed. The Indians, after days a circling carrion bird re- finding themselves discovered, broke vealed a putrid corpse carefully con- and ran. As they crossed the spring cealed in the neighborhood, which ravine, and raised the opposite bank, was supposed to be the same. Short- Capt. Owen gave the command to ly after this affair, the Owen family fire. But there was no report save emigrated to Kentucky, and James from his own gun, which wounded Archer was elected Captain of Fort one of the savages. All the other Jackson, whose exploits will form men had been taken with a sort of the basis of the next sketch. Indian fever, which disqualified them L. K. Evans. for service. They became so fright- In the fall of 1776, Capt. Archer fully nervous that they could not received orders from al-Iiiary su- shoot. However, they all pursued perior whose headquarters were at the fleeing savages, tracking them by "Catfish," now Washington, Pa., to blood from the wounded one. Feel- send an officer with ten men to the ing that this process was too slow, fiats of Grave creek, where they and that they were losing ground, would be joined by another squad the Captain reformed his men, as at with supplies. The destination was first, and pursued as rapidly as pos- the mouth of Fish creek and there sible. About on the line between to erect a block house, and keep Hook's and the Widow Kent's farms, scouts along the river to watch the they discovered one Indian with two movements of the Indians, that the guns retreating rapidly up the creek. settlers might unmolested get their They all fired on him, but he kept fall crop gathered and seeding done. straight on. They kept a running Capt. Archer determined to go him- fire at him for some distance, when self and selected Thomas Smith as at last he fell, but rose to a sitting one of his men. position, and brought his gun to bear When he reached the fort on on the party. One of them had a Grave creek they had not heard of gun which carried an ounce ball, the orders. The other party had not who, taking deliberate aim, hit the arrived and the fort could furnish no Indian's gun and knocked it out of rations to Archer's party. He en- his reach. The whole party then camped some distance from the fort, gathered around him, and the cap- and sent his men out by twos to hunt tain, knowing something of the In- and forage for provisions. They soon (dian dialect, tried to find out what supplied themselves with meat but had become of his comrade; but the had no bread. A man by the name only answer the suffering savage of Williams directed them to a po- would make was, "Hock, hock." tato patch which proved a God-send Capt. Owen told him that he had no to them in their destitution. tomahawk, but at once put him out On the fourth day of their encamp- of his misery by shooting him ment they were joined by detach- through the heart. He was then ments from Catfish and Wheeling found to have been hit by fourteen with commissary stores for all. They balls. Then followed a piece of now moved on to their destination brutal barbarism, which makes me and built the block house. One day blush for my countrymen when I re- Smith and an Irishman, named Mec cord it. This half-breed captain slit Clintock, were sent on a scout down the Indian's arm open from wrist to the river with instructions to secure elbow, and drawing his foot through some meat if possible and return the under the tendon, hung him on a same evening. Half a mile down, pole and had him conveyed to the Smith shot and wounded a deer. fort on the shoulders of his men in They followed it by the blood over this shocking manner. the hill to a run, where they lost the

49 trail. But they concluded to go down The captain of the fort now called the run to the river and then up to for six volunteers to proceed to the fort. They went down some dis- Wheeling Fort and warn them there tance and were surprised to find a of the danger. Smith volunteered to large creek, on the banks of which go along, but McClintock declined, was an Indian hunting camp, with all and the Irishman was never after- the evidence of a very recent occupa- ward heard of in these parts. Ar- tion. They kept on down the stream, riving at Wheeling in safety, Smith and seeing some turkeys fly up on continued, on the same day, to Shep- their roost Smith shot one. Night pard's fort six miles up Wheeling came on and finding some shelving creek. Thence he went next day to rocks they struck a fire, roasted Catfish, thence the next day to Jack- their fowl and tarried till morning. son fort, to find that his father had They continued down stream till left the day previous to his arrival, about the middle of the next day, for Maryland under the sorrowful when they concluded that the surest impression that his son Thomas was way home would be to take the back dead. track, which they did, and arrived It was then late in the fall, but at the block house the third day during the summer, Samuel Jackson, after leaving it. who owned the Jesse Hook property, When Smith returned he was in- agreed to give Salmual Hathaway an formed that a messenger had been acre or two of ground for a mill yard there with the news that his father if he would build a mill thereon. had come to Jackson's Fort to see The mill was erected on the site now him, and that the messenger had occupied by Hook's mnll, and was the been sent back with the word that it first ever built in this neighborhood. was believed he and McClintock had Smith found work for a while on this been killed by the Indians. Next mill. It was called a "Tub" mill miorning Smith and McClintock left irom this peculiarity: The trunk of a the block house for Jackson's Fort. large r)allow sycamore tree was They had not proceeded far on sawed off and dressed out for the their way when they discovered a wheel to run in. trail of fifteen or twenty Indians who In the summer of 1778 Robert had crossed the river that morning. McClelland, whose cabin stood at the The trail led up the river, and Smith mouth of the ravine just below the determined to follow on and keep a double bridge, one mile east of town sharp look out. In a few miles of and James Williams went out to the the fort at Grave creek the Indians head of Crapabble run on a hunting had left the river, and the two men expedition. There they constructed reached the fort in safety. a camp. Being some distance away Their story met with very little in the afternoon they got caught in a credence at the fort, but the Captain heavy rain. On returning to the camp finally promised them an escort a lit- they built a big fire and took off all tle way next morning. But, impa- their clothes, except their shirts, and tient of delay, Smith and his comrade hung them up to dry. Just before departed alone from the fort. They dark they both went out to gather had traveled but a short way when more wood. Williams had got his they heard two shots some distance arms well filled and was in the act of in their advance. They hurried on starting to the camp when he was but to find a man in their path wel- shot by an Indian who was concealed tering in his blood, and minus a behind a tree. He dropped his wood scalp. They then retreated in haste and exclaimed, "Bob, I'm a dead to the fort, and were met by an man," and fell to the ground. Mc- anxious and excited crowd eager to Clelland seeing him fall, and seeing know the news. The unfortunate in- two Indians emerge fram the covert dividual proved to be a young man of the trees took to the woods, naked by the name of Howard. as he was. The Indians gave chase,

50 but he was a good runner and night to be a large party. Archer and his hastening on he eluded his pursuers company returned to the scene of the and made his way home in safety inhuman massacre and buried the during the night. Early the next dead. morning he apprised the Captain of In the fall of the same year the the fort of his adventure. A squad fort people were alarmed by the cry of picked men, including Thaomas of "Indians, Indians," which proceed- Smith and Robert McClelland, pro- ed from a man on the point near ceeded to the fatal spot and recov- where Samuel Luse's mansion now ered the body of Williams, which had stands. The man ran down towards already been partly devoured by the mill, pursued by a party of In- ravenous wolves. Returning with dians, and just as he stepped into the corpse and having buried it, the the edge of the water opposite the party dispersed to their resfEsctive mill a bullet from the foremost In- quarters to rest. dian passed through his head and Robert McClelland again repaired leaping into the air he fell a lifeless to the bosom of his family, which corpse. The savage hastened down consisted of a wife and three chil- and secured his scalp. In the mean- dren and his mother-in-law ,and once time a party of whites had run from more they all returned in apparent the fort, and three of the fleetest had security. Next morning at early gained access to the mill, and from a dawn the report of fire arms alarmed port hole in the upper part of which the inhabitants of the fort. Capt. they sent three fruitless balls at the Archer had his rangers in line in the murderous savage as he clambered very shortest order, and double- up the hill. When he had reached quicked them to the cabin of the Mc- the top of the hill he defiantly shook Clellands. But too late! The work the bloody scalp at them, exultingly of death was done, and the murder- exclaiming, "dclug, clug." The men ers had fled. But the scene of horror who shot at him were said to be first- there portrayed is beyond the power class marksmen, but they had run of pen to tell. McClelland lay some themselves out of breath, and some rods from the house shot through the spruce pines intervening, they did body, tomahawked and scalped. He not have a fair chance. A volley was also had one arm broken by a blow fired from the Indians collected on from the hatchet. In the cabin lay the hill at the party coming from the the mangled forms of the two oldest fort, and Israel White is known to children and their grandmother, aiI have related that one of the bullets tomahawked and scalped-the chil- knocked dirt in his face. The un- dren dead, but the old lady survived fortunate man who lost his life on in awful torment for several days. that occasion was the noble and They had carried captive the mother brave hearted Jacob Sellers. and her babe. Capt. Archer and his I must not fail to relate, however, company pursuet-t-ned-ans' trail that Thomas Smith collected a two for some distance, when coming to a horse load of skins and furs and fence the captain jumped over and went to see his father in the winter said, "men shall we go on? All in of 1773. In February, 1777, he re- favor of pursuing the red skins till turned to Jackson's fort laden with we overtake them jump over the salt, powder and lead-an occupation fence and follow me, and those which he continued to follow every thinking it best to return remain as winter during fort times. In Janu- you are." Simon Archer, the Cap- ary, 1777, he married Mary William" tain's brother, Jacob Sellers and of Hartford county, Maryland, and Thomas Smith leaped over, but all brought her out with him to Jack- the rest held back. From the trail son's fort the following spring. They which was very distinguishable in had eleven children, two of whom the cornfield which they had passed were born in the fort. Thomas through, the Indians were adjudged Smith died May, 1844, aged 88 years,

51 and his wife died at the advanced Col. William Cather; Mollie married age of 85 years. The following were James Porter and Nancy married the names and ages of their children -- Porter. in order of their birth: Martha died William Inghram, Jr., sold his at 83; Hannah married David Porter, farm before the collapse of the 'Con- was the mother of our old bachelor tinental' currency, and became for fellow citizen, James Porter, and the time a bankrupt with plenty of died aged 98; Olive married Thomas money in his pocket. He then moved Kent, and died aged 83; John died into his father's original cabin on at 83; Bazel died at 86; Thomas at Laurel run, and began anew the 56; Mary is 87 and is still living; struggles of a wilderness life. Like Vincent, of Jackson township, and all his contemporaries he was subject father of our fellow townsman, to all the fights and terrors and Hiram Smith, is 85 and yet living; depredations incident to border life. Nathaniel died at 70; Sarah married And whilst there is no tradition that James Smith, is the mother of Coppy, any of the Inghrams ever became the is 81 years old and still living; THugh vicUtms of Indian savagry, they often is 76, and bids fair to live out many found it the part of discretion to seek more years. This family of thirteen safety within the palisades of Fort persons aggregate 1056 years, an Jackson. average of 81 years, 2 months and William opened his cabin door 23 days. early one morning to find mysterious- I have already alluded to the fact ly written thereon, in letters of keel, that William Inghram was among a warning of imminent danger from the earliest settlers in this vicinity. hostile Indians. The warning was He possessed himself of the upper heeded, and proved no false alarm, valley of Laurel run, a rich and for the sequel disclosed the fact that pleasantly situated body of land two the county was infested with prowl- or three miles southeast of the fort. ing redskins meditating destruction. He erected a cabin on or near the Mr. Inghram never learned to any site of Mrs. Nancy Long's present certainty to whom he was indebted residence, better known as the for the friendly admonition; but he "Hiram Kent property." He had always attributed the act to the eight children, two sons and six notorious renegade, Simon Girty, daughters, Arthur, William, Mollie, who he supposed, was thus pleased Hannah, Elizabeth, Nancy, and two to requite a former favor. others who are said to have married William Inghra,m had five son- and gone west, all grown and perhaps and one daughter-Arthur, John, most of them married at this time. Thomas, William, James and Sarah. And I am led to infer that he did not John. who was the father of long Mrs. survive the locating of his fam- Catherine Downey, wife of Robinson ily on Laurel run, for during Revolu- Downey, Sr., who was born in the tionary times we find his son Wil- fort at a time of general alarm, liam, and with his mother and two sisters on one fearful, memorable night living on Muddy creek, in the neigh- when the militia were all absent on borhood of Vanmeter's fort. duty and the fortress was left Co the Arthur, his other son, commenced defense of women and children. life He on lands further up the run, now had four sons-Isaac, a very wealthy owned by Thomas Inghram. I am (nman. yet living, and John, Jesse, told that his cabin was built near a Benjamin F., all dead. Sarah mar- spring on the right of the road some tied Keener Boreman, and the moth- considerable distance beyond the er, I believe, of A. I. Boreman, late present delightful location of Thom- a Governor of the state of West Vir- as Inghram's house. ginia. Hannah married Thomas Rineharr Arthur Inghram, the elder, had and was the mother of six soris and three sons and a number of daugh- four daughters. Elizabeth married ters-William, Thomas and Arthur

52 were the names of the boys. Among of Jackson's fort; and yet I am un- the daughters were Peggy, Hannah, able to trace anything to him with Nancy, Cassy, Delilah and Elizabeth. any degree of authenticity. He must William was the father of Dr. A. have lived somewhere in the vicinity Inghram, deceased, of Waynesburg, of Bridgeport or Morrisville, and is and of Thomas and William Inghram said to have met death at the hands of Laurel run. Arthur, familiarly of the savages. James Kent says he known as "Limpy At," lately de- was chased into his cabin by the In- ceased, was the father of Josiah and dians and that they broke in and IJriah Inghram, of Smith creek, and murdered him outright, and toma- of Mrs. David A. Worley, Mrs. Isaac hawked and scalped his daughter. lnghram, Mrs. Bazel Gordon and That his daughter was tomahawked Mrs. Jacob Shriver, and also of and scalped and that she survived Thomas and Arthur, "gone west." and in after years became the first The Inghram name has had its wife of Henry Church, who was, by weight and influence in this com- a second wife, the father of William. inunity ever since its inception, and John and Rinehart B. Church, there today the Inghram blood perimeates is no tradition more authentic. But, the veins, more or less remotely of a when and under what peculiar cir- large percentage of the inhabitants. cumstances she lost her scalp, does I find it recorded in an early his- not so clearly appear. two men were tory of the West that a company of On one occasion from Ten Mile surprised by Indians on the farm mounted volunteers, One joined the ill conceived, ill how owned by Jas. R. Rhoades. creek, the other on foot. omened and ill-fated expedition of was on horse-back, was Joe Archer. William Crawford to the Wyan- Some say the former Col. fleet of foot, and towns. James Workman, who Whoever it was, was dott man for he was an uncle of Mrs. R. W. Downey, a brave hearted, noble besought his brother Hugh, were of that sprang from the horse, and his for life, They were married men friend to mount and ride number. escaped. for some time reported while he darted away and and were terror- in that disastrous re- But the other was too much killed or lost get on both survived, but ex- stricken to make any effort to treat. They await- almost illcredible hard- the horse, and as if paralyzed perienced immediately lay concealed in swamps ed his doom. And he ships. They the merciless within the dense tangles of became the victim of and bogs knife. vines for days. Upon tomahawk and scalping wild pea one that from this covert of death, I have been told by same emerging a band of thieving with hunger and limp with on one occasion gaunt came into the exposure, in an attempt to use his native Americans and ran off a gun for relief of their hunger, James Smith creek settlement in a single night- found to his dismay that its barrel dozen good horses Smith Creekers of was full of mud. When they finally a feat that the as no joke. the Ohio river and were today would relish reached also that the roads and rescued from starvation, they were I am told to and from Fort Jack- frightfully emaciated and wasted paths leading in use by the whites, led away. James afterward became a son, then up the steep acclivities to the citizen of Waynesburg, and built the directly ridges. We frequently first dwelling ever erected, on the summit of the residence of my hear the judgment and common- site of the present and de- Sayers, known as the sense of the fathers criticised friend, H. C. routes of House." nounced for establishing "Greene grades. But we James Archer had a brother travel on difficult Capt. they were con- that was a regular "trump" in should reflect that Joe, safety, not their life. There are numer- sulting their own the frontier Their life and its ous vague traditions connecting him own convenience. were more essential to with almost all the interesting events preservation

53 them than ease. The high ground ed into a human being, in whom he afforded them an opportunity for recognized his next friend James vigilant observation, and made es- Flenniken. So horror-stricken was cape, in case of attack, much more he by this vision of the night that practical. That was an age of stern when he awoke he could not rid him- necessities, when the oft quoted self of the harrassing impression. adage, "The longest way round is the Some time after, the Indians .made surest way home," was truer than it a raid into the Jackson fort settle- now is. The frontiersmen knew ment, and a messenger was sent post- what they were about. Life with haste urgently requesting Col. Craw- them was an uphill business. They ford to come with a military force to toiled over their heavy grades that aid in expelling and punishing the ours might be made light and easy. invaders. He speedily notified his Let us try to be grateful rather than men, who sprang to arms as if im- faultfinding. pelled by magic. But so impressed From information subsequently was he by the dream that he related obtained, I am forced to the conclu- it to James Flenniken, and made it sion that I was in error in sketch ,optional as to whether or not he No. 15, in attributing the murder of would accompany the expedition. Ja.mes Flenniken to the period of the The gallant Flenniken laughed at the battle of the Ten Mile, in which Colonel's apprehension, saying: "It Capt. McClure was killed. It was is nothing but a dream," and re- after this date, but I do not certainly sumed his place in the rank. and know how long. Facts have been with musket at a "right shoulder developed in regard to this tragic in- shift" filed off with his comrades for cident that to my mind justify a sep- the scene of conflict. arate sketch. When this band of militia reached It is not my purpose in the rela- the place reported to be infested by tion of the following strange tradi- the Indians no sign of the foe could tions to inculcate a spirit of super- be discovered. After scouring the stition, or to cultivate any disposi- country round they rendezvoused tion to credit the vague premonitions for a few days at Fort Jackson, ex- gathered from dreams. For if there ercising the precaution of keeping is anything on earth that I detest scouts on the lookout. One day one with my whole heart it is the silly of them thought he discovered indi- senseless belief in witches, necrom- cations that the savages were still ancers, fortune tellers and interpret- prowling about. In obedience to his ers of dreams. Neveitheless, there rel:resentations Col. Crawford and are sometimes striking coincidences his party made a reconnoisance some which, viewed in the light of ail the distance west of the fort, but not developments, very much resemble finding any indications of the enemy, presentLments. concluded that there was no occasion It is told that Col. William Craw- tor the alarm and commenced the ford, whose quarters were in Lhe vi- return march. When they arrived at ciiity of the present site of Carmich- a small ravine north of the William eels, had a very singular dream. He Reese homestead, in which was a thought that he was scouting with flprinc of water, near the root of a his party of "Rangers" out beyond large oak tree which stood just be- the region of Fort Jackson, when he low the line of the old road, James was attacked by a wolf or panthei. Flenniken was in the act of stooping After a severe conflict with the rav- down to get a drink when he was enous beast he succeeded in killing shot by a sneaking savage concealed it. Having thrown it across the pom- in a neighboring thicket. And thus mel of his saddle he was proceeding was fulfilled the awful vision of the to the fort with it, when by one of frightful dream, for James Flenni- those sudden freaks so peculiar to ken's lifeless. bleeding corpse was dream land, the beast was transform- actually borne to the fort by Col.

54 Crawford on the withers of his horse. the settlement. Whilst making One of the party commemorated known their errand they were sur- the sad event of the death of their rounded by all the male inhabitants brave comrade by rudely carving the of the fort. Among them appeared outlines of the figure of a man life the redoubtable Joe Archer, a rough, size upon the trunk of the giant oak burly fellow, and at this time with that shaded the spring. Though per- his hands and clothes besmeared with sons are still living who say they blood. James Hook, the grandfather have seen this rude sculpture a hun- of Capt. Jesse Hook, who now owns dred times, there is no vestige of the the fort premises, asked him what tree now visible. was the matter. He made answer, The spring has receded or ceased "I have been marking hogs," and to exist, and even the ravine has been placing his hand with an open knife filled up by the corroding influences in it to Hook's ear, he said, "would of time and seasons. you like to be marked?" Hook giv- ing a sudden jerk, by some means John F. Jennings, of Alle- Mr. Archer's knife came in contact with city, whose boyhood days were gheny his ear and actually took off a slice. the tragic ground above spent near Hook considered that carrying the that he has not alluded to, writes too far, and struck Archer. tree with its memorial joke only seen the a fight became imminent, Ja- and drank fram the When hieroglyphic, Vanmeter being a rigid Baptist, he has also been a cob fatal spring, but Justice, Interfered and clapboard rep- as well as a charcoal sketch on a peace. Minor, ho ,vever, carrying the commanded resenting Col. Crawford the act as a piece of bar- and comrade from regarding body of his friend deserving punishment, suc- death to the fort, said barism the scene of beguiling Vanmeter into a by an artist who ceeded in to have been drawn cabin and entertaining him there, eye witness to the solemn was an whilst the fight was renewed and which he attempted to de- event fought to the bitter end. Hook be- are the more authentic scribe. Such long winded and tough, finally of the tragic death of ing traditions got the better of Archer, and after a Flenniken. James long and desperate struggle, succeed- As this sketch will, in all probabil- ed in biting a piece out of Archer's ity, be the last I shall, at present, ear fully as large as had been cut off publish, having direct reference to his own. This appearing to all the Jackson's fort, I will take occasion bystanders as the one handsome to relate an anecdote which was re- thing to do, the belligerents were cently told me: separated and the difficulty stood ad- It appears that John Minor and judicated for all time to come. Thus Jacob Vanmeter, both holding Jus- the god of battles was the arbiter of tice of the Peace commissions from peace and might the measure of jus- the Governor of Virginia, had visited tice. Fort Jackson on some business con- nected with the public interests of L. K. Evans.

Pursley Creek About the year 1775 three German Povator. He improved the tract families emigrated to this country, where Edward Wood and Doc Huff- and settled near the mouth of Purs- man now live. ley creek. The name of two of these A year later, a man by the name of families was Sellers. They appro- Pursley located on the land now priated the lands now owned by John owned by George Hoge, Jr., and this Buchanan, Esq., and Fordyce Thom- Is the man for whom Pursley creek that as. The other family's name was was named, and as long as

55 crystal stream continues a water traditions relating to this interesting course between the rugged hills, so event; and having now obtained long will that man's name be per- petuated to succeeding generations. what may be regarded as strictly The old man Sellers' family con- authentic details of the sad affair it sisted of himself and wife and four will not be improper to give the more sons, Leonard, Jacob, George and correct version in this connection. John, the latter being demented, and It must have been about the year a young man by name of Huffman. 1780, for Leonard Sellers and his They lived in a cabin, built strong wife had two children at the time of and tight with a view to defense, the occurrence of which I am about which was called a fort. It was sit- to write. (However it is alleged by uated by a spring just below the resi- some that they were twins.) One dence now standing on Colonel Buch- afternoon, in the fall of the year, anan's farm. His oldest son, Christo- Leonard took his gun and went over pher Sellers, and wife and two chil- on to the waters of Smith creek in dren lived near, but did not remain search of a bullock that had strayed long in this exposed and remote set- away from his premises. During his tlement. Valuing life and the lives absence his wife took the children of his wife and his children more and in company with the hired girl than any earthly consideration- he went across the creek to gather some regarded the risk as too great, and wild grapes, which hung in tempting soon made a retrograde movement clusters over head. She set down and took up his abode in Fayette her child, which she bore in her county, till the trouble with the In- arms, on the moss covered ground, dians was at an end. to assist the girl to climb a bush the Gasper Provator had no family, ex- better to procure the coveted fruit. cept his wife and one daughter, Whilst thus engaged, her attention whose name was Mary. She was the was attracted by approaching foot- belle of this wilderness land, and talls, and upon looking around be- perhaps the only fair damsel in all held a party of Indians bearing down that wild and picturesque valley. upon them at a full run. Snatching Her deft behavior and winsome up her darling babe she leaped into beauty soon attracted the admiration the creek and fled with astonishing of the gallant Leonard Sellers, who celerity. She was fired upon by th-i wooed and won and wedded her in frustrated savages, but escaped with a trice. Thus Gasper Povator lost his no other injury to herself and child daughter that had been the life and than having bark and splinters from joy of his home. Soon after he was a tree showered in her face by a mus- the victim of a strange incident. ket ball. The old man and his wife which caused him to lose his life. and the sons, Jacob, George and the Whilst plowing along by the root of demented John were in the cabin at a dead and decaying tree it suddenly the time, and upon hearing the fell upon him, and instantly killed "creams of the woman ran out to see him. In the years that followed, what was the matter. They saw the after the "weeds of mourning" had young wife escaping with her child been lain aside, the charming widow .across the creek and the Indians on captivated the young man Henry the bank beyond. The old folks, for Huffman, and they were duly .mar- they were very old, returned to the ried, and the name of Pova tor be- house, barred the doors and pre- come extinct in that community. pared to make a vigorous defense. Leonard Sellers and Mary, his wife., Jacob seized his gun and started to lived with his father, and this is the the relief of the sufferers; George be- woman referred to in the inciden' came so frightened and demoralized losing "Sketch" No. 18. That article that he took to the woods and was has served to awaken and renew in not heard of till the next day, when mind the faded and almost forgotten after wandering all night he found

56 his way to Jackson's Fort, but the the husband and father, arrived at simple minded John with unerring home late in the evening with a instinct started immediately for the bleeding heart, and refused to be fort and gave the alarm. Whilst comforted because his first born was Jacob Sellers was proceeding in all not. Soon after this terrible afflic- haste to rescue his brother's wife tion he sickened and died. Again and children, he saw her coming the "weeds of mourning" clothed with frantic steps, wild and fast, and another desolate widow. But time presuming that the redskins were in and necessity is a balmy restorer, and pursuit he stepped to one side and in due season Mrs. Mary Sellers be- concealed himself in the weeds, with come a blooming widow, and Peter the intention of shooting the first Livengood claimed her for his own, Indian that came within range. She and she gave herself to him and be- passed to the house, but the pre- came his devoted wife. cautious savages did not follow. The babe that was so marvelously Jacob remained in his ambush, how- rescued by the heroic mother at the ever, standing a lone and faithful time of the luckless grape gathering, guardsman between the enemy and survived all the ills and perils inci- the devoted cabin till relief came dent to border life; grew and mould- from Jackson's fort. Conceiving that ed into a "thing of beauty," a heart- -.he had heard cries from the other some da~me, and was married to child, the fond and faithful mother Joseph Ankrom, and became the ventured almost immediately back happy mother of a large family of to the fatal spot, and -found her boys and girls. precious little one weltering in its L. K. Evans. gore, it having been heartlessly tomahawked, and scalped. It was (Since writing the above I find it still breathing, and she conveyed it stoutly maintained by some that the in her arms to the house; but in a two children of Mrs. Mary Sellers few short days the little sufferer were twins, that both were toma- died. The hired girl was, at the hawked and scalped, and that both time, supposed to have been carried (lied as the result. And explain that into captivity, but was afterward she may have subsequently given found in a half decayed state in an birth to a child which became the adjoining thicket. Leonard Sellers, wife of Mr. Ankrom.)

The Tory Year We are proud to regard our fore- pie all been wise or righteous, or fathers with a vereration akin to the heroic. It is only the good and the supernatural. We love to dwell upon true that never die. True glory lives their virtues, extol their wisdom and in memory, while evil deeds slumber magnify their heroism, and to intro- in oblivion. Hence whilst we are duce any thing derogatory to their revering the patriots of 1777, and character or infamous to their shrining their names in living light, memory conveys the impress of pro- the tories, out of sheer compassion fanation, desecration and sacrilege. for posterity, have been suffered to In treating, therefore, of the humili- sink out of sight, and are now to us ating spectacle, presented to view by as if annihilation were their destiny: a careful inquiry into doings of the To us it seems incredible, indeed, people who inhabited the territory, that in that trying year when the now Greene county, in the year 1777, young Republic was struggling in I will endeavor to tread as tenderly the throes of birth, a majority of the as a regard for truth will admit. In citizens of these frontier settlements no country in any age have the peo- should unite in a conspiracy to

57 thwart the Government and betray ances to secure their influences. A its advocates and defenders into the secret society was organized and its hands of the King's executioners. members were oath bound. The To us it looks unreasonable that one simple and the unwary were betrayed portion of the white inhabitants into this enemy trap. The community should be in greater jeopardy of life became infected and it soon became and property from the political difficult to tell in whom to confide. spleen and treachery of the other There seemed to arise a sudden than from the common enemy-the mania to join these secret conclaves, desperate savage. But difficult of and they were constantly at work, belief, as these things are, they were night and day, Sunday and all, nevertheless true. swearing them into this diabolical One who was old enough to wit- plot. They kept on from bad to worse, ness many of the trying scenes of till some of the better class of dupes that year, and who has since made began to revolt at the damnable per- an impartial note of all the transac- fidy contemplated. tions as he remembered them and William C rawford, whilst mowing learned them from his father, is dis- with James idundell, expressed an posed to throw the mantle of charity opinion that certain men were begin- over the motives and actions of those ning to sympathize with the King s deluded men. He says in the begin- cause. Mundell expressed a wish ning of the year 1777, there was pro- that he would keep still on that sub- bably not more than one man in ject, and when pressed for his these parts that was a tory from reason, said that his life was in principle. But all were poor-eking danger. "Who threatens my life?" out a .miserable existence in the hope Mundell refused to tell, but when of maintaining possession of their others were drawn into the contro- respective improvements, and in the versy and began to express indigna- near future acquire the immunities tion, Mundell got uneasy and reveal- of a comfortable home. At that time ed the fact of a scheme to dispatch the issue of the struggle with the Crawford, John Minor, and Rev. British was very doubtful. One John Corbly, the leading patriots of army had retreated from the walls the neighborhood. of Quebec in a sad plight of demoral- Shortly after this an honest, but ization. Ticonderoga had fallen into deluded German, accosted John Ma- the hands of the enemy. The In- son, a blacksmith, and said: "I know dians that had been wavering began a very grave and serious matter, to array themselves against us. Our which I am oathbound under the means of information was slow and penalty of certain death not to tell uncertain. Discouragement like a any living man." Upon a little re- death pall hung heavily on the cause flection Mason replied: "You are of freedom. sworn not to tell any man, but you Just then the emissaries of George are free to tell that horse hitched the Third swarmed through the fron- in the smithy." Whereupon, with- tiers. They represented the cause as out a moment's hesitation the solemn hopeless; that the struggle for inde- revelation was poured into the pendence was a failure. That there horse's ears, within the hearing of was nothing left for the King's' army Mason; and was to the effect that to do but punish the whigs and con- Gen. Burgoyne was to send an army fiscate their estates. From this view to reduce Fort Pitt, and on the same of the situation it is scarcely to be day the Indians were to take Fort marveled at that many thought 'dis- Henry, (now Wheeling) and the cretion the better part of valor." and tories were to rise simultaneously became less ardent in their love of and openly declare for the King, and liberty. Having obtained these van- if any should refuse to join them tage grounds these insidious agents they would be handed over to the of the Crown manipulated the appli- King's executioners. In confirma-

58 tion of this arrangement the Indians it was attacked by the Indians, as it did attack the fort at Wheeling at was reported it would be. Crawford the very time revealed by this Dutch- thought best to notify Pigman of the man; but the rising of the tories in troubles at home. Whereupon Pig- this community was prevented in this man countermarched his force to wise: James Carmichaels, an ardent Swan's Fort, taking every man on whig and, we presume, for whom the road and making him declare Carmichaeltown was named, went himself. into the "secret service" business, From Swan's fort they hastened on and by the practice of considerable to meet Gaddis and Springer, but be- deception made himself pretty thor- fore they arrived the work had been oughly acquainted with their plans. gallantly accomplished and the tory He sent word up to the foot of the band were "scattered to the four mountain to Col. Gaddis and Major winds." The prisoners were con- Springer, who raised about forty ducted to Wiliam Minor's fort and mounted men as speedily as possible, ironed or otherwise confined till they but in that sparse settlement such a could be sent off to Fort Pitt or Wil- company could not be enlisted in a liamsburg, Va., for trial. day, nor so quietly that the tories It appears that by common consent would not find it out. And when the "writ of habeas corpus" was sus- Gaddis arrived at Province's Fort, on pended and martial law enforced. the east bank of the river, about two Col. Gaddis appointed William Craw- miles above the mouth of Whiteley ford a Sergeant and sent him out to creek, he encamped for the night. catch the tories, and if need be drive Next morning a horseman appeared off their stock. It was a few days on the opposite or Greene county side after the scene above described that of the river, and rode off down the Sergeant Crawford had the adven- river at full gallop. Gaddis and ture at Cedar Point referred to in a Springer mounted their men, and former article. crossing the river pursued the tory When a man was arrested he was scent. They managed to capture the asked, "Have you taken the oath of first picket they came to, and allegiance to the state?" If he said learned from him that the tories had he had not, and was willing, the oath assembled about a quarter of a mile was administered, and the following away to the number of one hundred certificate given: .men, and had organized by electing "I do hereby certify that -- all the necessary officers. Nothing- hath taken and subscribed the oath daunted the patriot band moved on, of allegiance and fidelity, as directed and when they came within sight of- by an act of the General Assembly, the tories, the latter broke and ran entitled, an act to oblige the free in great confusion. MIany of them male inhabitants of this State above hid in a large cornfield. Gaddis an:l a certain age to give assurance of al- Springer divided the field, so many legiance to the same and for other rows to a man, and searched out the purposes. Witness my hand and seal culprits. They found twelve and ar- this-day of -1777. rested them. The balance of the THOMAS GADDIS." hundred had dispersed and abscond- On one occasion a man was arrest- ed. ed who freely took the prescribed next .man could not take That same morning James Mundel' oath. The he had taken the tory word to William Crawford it because carried being questioned as to that the tory clans had assembled in oath. Upon else had been sworn into the large numbers and would probably who army unless secret conclave with him he revealed defeat the little Whig just It happened the fact that the man who had it could be reinforced. taken had assembled at taken the loyal oath had also that thirty men in the ardor Pigman's to march to the other. Col Gaddis, one Captain exclaimed, "why. the assistance of Fort Henry in case of his indignation, 59 the contemptible little villain ought tance of Swan's and who was a very to be hanged." Though the Colonel "limb of the devil" terrorizing the did not dream of granting a license community and threatening death to for the committal of such an execu- any attempting 'o arrest him, was tion, yet a party of over-ardent and finally taken from his bed by Ser- super-officious whigs repaired at once geant Crawford and his posse, con- to his cabin, put a new cord around veyed to Pittsburg, tried, convicted, his neck, and conducting him a short condemned and shot. Perhaps the distance from the fort, threw the only man to this day, fram the cord over a limb and strung him up. bounds of Greene county, that has In this condition, with his wife hold- been publicly executed. ing his feet trying to get him down, The report was industriously cir- Sergeant Crawford discovered him culated that when the Indians came and cut him loose just in time to into the settlement they would not save him. The Sergeant said "it disturb the tories if they knew it. would be a useless waste of life to The British agents told their friends hang a man who had taken both that an arrangement had been made oaths, as he could be of no use to with the Indians for their protection: either party." that all they had to do was to hang Rev. John Corbly was a Justice of out a white flag which would indicate the Peace for the State of Virginia, that they were the King's friends. and took 16 or 18 of the worst of On the strength of this assurance it these men to Williamsburg for trial. is said that one man left "Garard's" He conducted them by slow marches, fort in time of alarm and went four preaching and praying all of the way, miles away to his farm and hung out and arrived some days later than the the flag of truce. But the Indians time appoined. It was thought that finding him out, disregarded his he designed the delay in the interest white flag, and murdered him, his of the prisoners, as he did not wish wife and four children. these mistaken men to be shot for The prompt and heroic action of a their folly. They all took the oath, few leading patriots thus suppressed and being pardoned returned to their the tory sentiment in this county, if homes. it had been allowed to ripen, would Another class, when arrested as have probably drenched these hills tories, would enlist in the army and and valleys in fraternal blood. Only then desert. Three of these fellows one man lost his life directly by having deserted, fled to the head of means of these arrests except the Indian one creek (which is in the north- already mentioned. It is recorded western part of Washington county.) that a leading tory had been arrested where they found a deserted cabin. by a certain party beyond Cheat Here the Indians found them, out, river. He was in irons, and when murdered two and tomahawked and crossing the river in a canoe, he ac- scalped the third, who was left for cidently fellout. And though he dead. He survived, and in this rose once or twice and called for frightful condition made his way help, it so happened that the bottle back to "Minor's fort, a distance of was being passed just at that time, more than 25 miles." A party was and the ceremony of drinking health sent out, who found and buried the to General Washington and toasts to two dead deserters. And it is related American independence was being as a remarkable fact that their faith- observed which could not be inter- ful dog lay in the cabin by their side, rupted to save the life of one of the and though he had eaten nothing for vilest of tories. So he was accident- over four days, he had refrained ally drowned-such was the verdict from lapping the pools of blood that of the court which tried Col. Morgan. had collected on the floor. the commander of the party, for his Another deserter, who had a wife murder. He was buried directly at and family living within a short dis- the point between the two rivers, a 60 monument, says our authority "to lost his life; and though at Red the folly of indulging in strong drink Stone Fort, many of the conspirators whilst in the performance of impor- were arraigned and tried they were tant public duties." all released upon their taking the Mr. Withers doubtless refers to oath of allegiance to the United these incidents when he says in his States. The only penalty required "Chronicles of Border Warfare" that was that they should bear with the "A conspiracy for the murder of the injuries which had been done their Whigs and for accepting the terams property. Those suspected of the offered by the Governor of Canada to murder of the chief conspirator were those who would renounce their al- also tried and acquitted. legiance to the United States and re- The patriots, as their cause ad- pair to Detroit, by the relenting of vanced, made it too warm for the one individual was prevented being more rabid tories. Nearly all of carried into effect; and many were them moved to other parts. And the equalling if not transcending In few that remained became good and enormity the outrages of the sav- loyal citizens. Their posterity need ages." And he further remarks that, not be attainted for what it could not exasperated at the heinousness of the help, hence I studiously refrain froum plot the Whigs retaliated some of the alluding to the names of any such. evils intended for them; but that only the head of the fiendish league L. K. EVANS.

Augustine Dillinger It is claimed that prior to the year were steadily, but certainly reduced, 1760 Augustine Dillinger and his soon changed every visionary wife arrived at the Fayette side of thought to sober reality. Herbs of r.he Monongahela, a short distance a spontaneous growth could be gath. below Cheat. They emigrated from ered for food. An ordinary marks- the Shenandoah Valley and stopped ,man had no difficulty in supplying for a time with John Wilkinson, who the larder with choice meats from had located the land now owned by the forest wilds. In the course of a Calvin Kussart. Dillinger, however, season grain could be produced to with a spirit of adventure as yet un- supply the "staff of life;" but salt, gratified, scanned the western shore iron, ammunition, clothing and many of the placid stream and coveted the other essential articles had to be ob- beautiful lands beyond. tained from the far off frontier Exploring the river in that vicinity towns. The journey was long and he discovered a ford at the foot of tedious, wearisome and dangerous.; "Cheat riffle" sufficiently shallow to l)ut the chief difficulty encountered permit him to wade to the opposite was the lack of a convenient medium bank. Once on the western side he of exchange. Of moiey there was found none to dispuLe his region none to be had, that being an inven- Hence it was with an unbiased mind tion of civilization not yet introduced and with a deliberate purpose that into these parts. There were no he laid tribute to the claim now own- means of transportation by which ed by his grandson, Jacob Dillinger, they would take cargoes of vunison and in a very short time a cabin was or buffalo hides to market. They erected on the bank of the river, just were confined to the articles cf fur within the margin of a delightful and peltry which they carried on grove of towering poplars. their backs, at least until they be- Here they commenced life anew iii came possessed of a horse, and which of a very novel and romantic style; but they bartered for the necessaries the stern necessities to which thev life. The "cargoes" of furs, etc., 61 were collected as opportunity per- a majestic poplar from whose trunk mitted throughout the season and the Indians built a large canoe. taken or sent to market in the fall, They would come and labor awhile after the summer's work was ended. and then go away-again return and The first lot of hogs that Mr. Dil- again retire-for the space of three linger owned after settling west of months ere they completed and the Monongahela, he brought over launched the craft. the mountains on horseback in sacks, Augustine Dillinger and his son, with their snouts protruding from Ceorge, it is claimed, built a large holes cut for the purpose. Such were boat for a party of emigrants the desir- straits to which the early settlers ing to go to Kentucky. Indians were reduced. Year after year did watched the progress of the work, these hardy sons of enterprise make and it is thought, only desisted from these toilsome pilgrimages hundreds killing the workmen that they might of miles away over mountain chains capture the boat, with its passengers and through almost trackless forests and cargo, as soon as it got under a id wildernesses to the towns of way. At the mouth of Captina creek Winchester, Cumberland and Hagers- the capture was made and nea:ly all town, then considered to be the the emigrants murdered. frontier of civilization. It But destination and famine, was near the home of the Dil- ex- lingers posure and hard work were not the that Colonel Scott and his col- leagues only evils which the Dillinger family assassinated Bald Eagle, an account experienced. Theirs was a life of ter- of which I have already ror as well. The war whoop or shrill given. Captain Peter, of whom men- whistle of Indians, hostile or friend- tion has been made in the course of ly, would frequently break the mo- these sketches, was killed at Point Marion by notony of Nature, and startle the a lawless fellow by the name sparse inhabitants from their sense of Crorine, who claimed tha&L Peter of security. Fort Swearengen was was in the act of carrying to but two miles away, but the deep, his canoe, a keg of rum belonging to Crorine, still waters intervened. Often did when he shot him. An- other Indian Stephen Gapen, who seemed an carried off the lifeless body, and, ubiquitous sentinel all along the conveying it to the west outer lines, in the dead of night, beat bank of the Monongahela, buried it. The grave the alarm on the cabin door of is now within the en- Augustine Dillinger, and cause them closure of Ambrose Dillinger's gar- to seek safety by precipitate retreat den. The Indian "Jacob" of whom mention across the river; and on more than has also been made, was an one occasion did Gapen carry little acquaintance and favorite with the Dillinger's. George Dillinger in his arms to the It was thought by them fort. that Crorine and his accomplices murdered Once while Dillinger was on a him. journey to Winchester to exchange It was the wife of Augustine Dil- his peltry for the necessaries of life, linger that was the coveted "white three stalwart red men entered his squaw" who was making maple cabin and beckoned the lone lady sugar, alluded to in Sketch No. 10. that they would like the loan of a The Dillingers were Ger.mans. gun which hung on its accustomed George attended school taught by an pegs. Mrs. Dillinger felt an extreme Englishman by the name of Caldwell, delicacy in denying her over-sensi- who found George's name difficult of tive guests so reasonable a request, pronunciation. He dropped the "g" and graciously accommodated them. and taught George so to write it; It is needless to say that they forgot and this is the history of the rresent to return it. orthography of the name. Caldwell Dillinger often pointed out to his tcok the Dutch out of it and Anglo- grand-children the spot where stood cised it. Hence Dilliner. 62 Whether Augustine and his good and again they have related the wife were the parents of other chil- above facts to their posterity, who dren, I do not know. But Jacob and were ever curious and attentive audi- Ambrose, who yet dwell on and near tors. From his grandson, Jacob, the old homestead, are sons of through a nephew of the latter, they George, and therefore grandsons of have been transmitted to me. It only Augustine. These grandparents remains to be said that Augustine lived there on the margin of the river and his wife were each about one where they first erected their cabin hundred years old when they were about three-fourths of a century ago; gathered to their fathers, bequeath- living to see born unto them chil- ing to their posterity the best of all dren's children's children. They heritages-an irreproachable charac- lived to enjoy an average lifetime ter. after peace-delightful guest-was L. K. Evans. restored to all these borders. Time

Anecdotes of John Minor females. Being in Baltimore in early life, males and William the concluded to purchase a wench as They had but one son-George-who he county, present to his brother William's was the last slave in Greene a the state. wife, who was an excessively fleshy and one of the two last in born, and it woman and therefore not fleet and Several daughters were Minor's own active to do chores and general house is said that as William Repairing to a vessel where daughters grew up and were married, work. a daugh- slaves were advertised for sale, he at each successive wedding was sold and the pro- told the master his errand and also ter of old Sal that he wanted a woman ceeds given to the bride as a "setting remarked to death relatives, for he had such an out." Ratcliff died, choked without piece of conscience as would not by a sliver of bone from a inconvenient The to being the means of sausage which he was eating. consent Zachary families. The slave driver widow married a slave of separating pompous suit. The terms were Gapen, "Dick Sterling," a had one to of Lord agreed upon and the money paid, but negro once in the service had a son "Dick" when the girl was about to leave the Sterling. They claimed as their hold of the ship, she gave a hideous whom the Gapens replevined and plaintive shriek. Upon inquiry property. But he was and Minor as the was found that she had a husband. recovered by William it Greene county court Indignant at the practiced deception, records of our his money, abso- show. Minor demanded lived to take the girl. But The colored man, George, lutely refusing of privileged any such emergency, the with the Minors, a kind ready for old. I be- proposed to sell him the character till he was very slave dealer John Minor, Finally a bargain was lieve that his master, man also. making the two, "Ratcliff" made a provision in his will, struck, and with to keep and "Sal" for his sister- it incumbent on his heirs for himself privilege of set off for home. In after him, giving him the in-law, he should live. of young slaves was choosing with whom he years a number affection, of the marital relation Possessing great natural the result in his old between Ratcliff and Sal. he started on a pilgrimage, existing of one regulating the slave bus- and decrepit days, in search By the laws and by issue would belong to of his two surviving sisters, iness, the wander- Minor, the owner of the the merest accident in his William of Pittsburgh he mother, but by an understanding be- ings about the city Sal; and it is said that the tween the brothers, John retained the tnet with 63 meeting was peculiarly affecting, Mr. Gallatin at once made himself both expressing the most excessive known, explaining that Minor's "good raptures of joy. wife" had tied his head up in tow Albert Gallatin, having settled on to cure his aches, and which had his estate above New Geneva, and acted like a charm. having heard of Col. John Minor as This was the beginning of an inti- a man of culture as well as of adven- macy that soon ripened into a fast Lure-as a man of influence as well and fervid friendship. Gallatin, as of fine social parts-concluded to though a citizen of Fayette county, stroll over and make his acquaint- was afterwards, much through the ance. Attired in true original high- influence of John Minor, elected by land costume, with leather breeches the District of Washington and and knee bucklers and hunting shirt, Greene to represent it in the Con- he took his rifle and set out on foot. gress of the United States. Gallatin Walking somewhat rapidly, he be- being a member of Congress and came warm and wet with sweat. Minor a member of the State Legis- Pushing his way through the dense lature, both of which bodies met at woods that then predominated twixt the same time in Philadelphia, they Greensboro and Mapletown, and fur- journeyed on horseback together to tively peering through the tangled and from the sessions of their re- thicket he thought he saw an Indian spective legislative bodies. Gallatin pointing a gun at him. Instantly he was emphatically a man of moods. was under cover. Remaining con- At times for long weary miles he was cealed for some time he again ven- reticent and grim and companiunless. tured to steal another glance at the But then his mood would change and savage. And again he was made to in an hour after he would be all duck his head, for the apparition was aglow with the most entertaining s'till aiming the deadly weapon. and bewitching vivacity, sparkling Crouching and cautiously creeping with wit and eloquent with wisdom. closer to the object of his terror, in In the early days before Greene hopes of getting the first shot, he county was born, the settlers hiad to was somewhat chagrined to discover go to "Catfish," now little Washing- that was but an imaginary Indian, ton, to attend court while justice was some broken limbs having lodged in dispensed in a stable and afterwards such position as to give the exact ap- 'n a log cabin. On one occasion John pearance of a man with a gun to his Minor and others went over to at- shoulder ready to fire. The delay tend the assizes of jurors or on other and consequent contact with the legal business. The party equipped damp ground cooled him off too sud- themselves for a regular encamp- denly, and he caught a cold which ment, there being no accommodations resulted in a severe jaw ache. Ar- there for the comfort of lodgers. riving at Minor's cabin, and Minor They slept in a husk pen, and next being absent, he made himself known morning early had their camp kettle to the lady of the house, who ten- hung over the fire on the usual con- dered the hospitalities of the house, trivance of forks and pole cooking and made a great poultice of scorch- their game for breakfast. A great ed flax or tow and vinegar, and gauky, but muscular fellow came bound it on her guest's face to ease sauntering along, and with malice his pain. Such was the condition of aforethought deliberately kicked affairs when Minor came in from his over the camp kettle, dumping the hunt with a deer on his back. Walk- contents into the ashes. Minor, who ing into the cabin, as was the cus- was sitting on a log close by, observ- tom of those days, he slung the deer ing the transaction, deliberately from his shoulder into the middle of arose, and striking the intruder a the floor, when, upon looking around, stunning blow on the neck, knocked he saw to his surprise a man of su- him heels over head over the camp perior bearing arising to greet him. kettle. The fellow arose, and after 64 staring Minor all over from head to tain day of court, and he would con- feet stepped up to him and said: vince them that it was a base false- "Right, stranger; give me your hand; hood. right, by G-d." They then formed Mr. H. was a very pompous indi- a more intimate acquaintance and vidual-aristocratic in his demeanor were good friends from that hour. and pretentious in society. Upon The manner of introductions have this particular occasion he was in changed very much since then, and company with some of the kid glove though our receptions may be more gentry, about to enter the court cordial they are certainly no more house, when accosted by Mr. Minor. impressive. Minor took his hand with a powerful I have noticed that John Minor grip and asked him why he had cir- was defeated the third time he was a culated such a base libel upon him. candidate for the Legislature, a Ger- At first he attempted a denial, but man element on the north side who finding that course impractical, he had previously supported him now plead that in politics men were priv- threw their influences against him. ileged to use such means to secure Having been prevailed upon to be a their ends. "Not with me," said candidate for the fourth time, in Minor; and drawing a rawhide from order to subserve the south side in- neath the collar of his coat, he said: terest, he visited his former German "Retract the infamous lie or I'll cut friends personally, and insisted on the coat from your back." H--- , knowing why they had changed their having made the amend honorable, minds. Finally they answered that Minor released his hand from him, they had been told that he should saying, "Take your hand, unfit long- have said that the "Dutch were all er to remain in that of an honest tories during the Revolution and man." ought not now to be trusted with The game was a desperate one. It civil offices." Having never uttered succeeded, however; the Germans such sentiments, he gave it a positive were satisfied. He was triumphantly and indignant denial, and demanded elected by their votes; the bill for the name of the author of the the new county was again pressed scandal. Whereupon, they told him forward and passed finally; and one H-, a Federal from his own Greene county war immediately or- neighborhood, had put the report in ganized. circulation. He then told them to meet him at the county seat on a cer- L. K. Evans.

Martin's Fort Martin's Fort was situated just within the purview of my researches. across the Virginia line, near the in- When the settlement was made or tersection of the Morgantown Silate the fort constructed are equally road with Crooked Run, and in the shrouded in oblivion as respects my immediate vicinity of the present observation. But in the month of site of Martin's church. It occupied June of the year 1779, we read that a central position on a beautiful and the inhabitants of Martin's fort, fertile table land embracing several oblivious of any immediate danger, thousand acres. No more desirable were supinely careless, leaving that location for a rural, agricultural fortification in a condition easily ac- home ever enticed the eye of the ad- cessible to a wily foe who was skulk- venturer. ing in the neighborhood in quest of Who first set foot on that virgin just such opportunities. had gone soil or defaced its forest trees with A majority of the males to do axe or tomahawk, has not yet come forth early that lovely morning 65 valiant service in the great civil none have come to my knowledge. strife of life,-that of battling the But I am told that the first grave "wolf from the door" by producing, ever dug in the old grave yard at while the summer lasted, an ample Martin's church enclosed the remains store for winter's subsistence. Whilst of an Indian who was killed in the these were industriously engaged vicinity of Martin's Fort. It has also with weeds and roots and brush, the been told me that a white man lies men left at the fort were loitering buried at or near Taylortown who idly about, and the women were en- was the victim of the tomahawk and gaged in ,milking the cows outside the scalping knife. But these are tra- gate. dlitions so evanescent that they seem All unsuspected, thirteen burly scarcely perceptible to the memory savages lie concealed almost in their of any living. I hope, however, that very midst, and perceiving the ex- these mere mentions will serve to posed and weakened situation, seized assist the recollection, and that by the favorable moment to make an at- the association of ideas, many inter- tack. Suddenly emerging to view, esting and valuable facts may there as an apparition of death, they by be rescued from an irretrievable sprang upon their bewildered and oblivion. helpless victims, and mercilessly A friend writes me that there is a slaughtered James Stuart, James tradition that near Bald Hill church Smally and Peter Crouse, and took the Indians used to torture their cap- captive John Shriver and his wife, tives, and the stump of the hickory two sons of Stuart, two sons of tree is still visible to which they tied Smalley and a son of Crouse. their victims in order to practice up- Emboldened by this successful op- on them their devilish arts. If this eration, they lurked in the vicinity is a fact, it is certainly a thrillingly till night, when they placed the interesting one, and deserves to be prisoners in a cabin and left them in authenticated and indelibly written the custody of two of their nuLmber, in the precious archives of the whilst the eleven returned to the county. Wooden nutmegs made of fort to try to effect an entrance and the material of that hickory stump massacre the inmates. But the would be a "relic of barbarism" any morning's disaster had taught a les- Greene countian would gladly pos- son not to be so soon forgotten. sess. Every means of defense possible was A few years subsequent to the brought into requisition. Their en- events narrated above of Martin's tire force was gathered in, the Fort, we find mention made of Har- palisades strengthened and the gates rison's Fort, which was on Crooked closed and firmly secured. Even the Run and I believe on lands now dogs were shut out that they might owned by my early friend Josiah sound the alarm of approaching dan- Ross. It was in the same general ger, and thus give timely notice to neighborhood occupied by Martin's the sentinels within. They thus Fort, and was probably merely a averted any further disaster; a-id be- private stockade for family protec- ing frustrated of their evil designs, tion in case of emergency. the savages gathered up the prison- In the spring of 1782, there was a ers already secured, and moved general alarm from a suspicion that rapidly off to their trans-Ohio towns. savages were in the neighborhood. From the brief record of this affair Quite a number of the immediate casually made by the historian we neighbors had gathered into the fort are led to infer that all these cap- for greater security. One day Thom- tives, by some turn of the wheel of as Pindall went to the fort, and find- fortune, were released from their ing it crowded, perhaps, and not be- captivity, and returned to their lieving that there existed any real friends. No traditions of the inci- occasion for alarm, prevailed on dent have been preserved, at least three young men-by name of Har- 66 rison, Crawford and Wright-to ac- was overtaken and slain, but her sis- company him to his residence and ter-in-law, Miss Rachel Pindall, as spend the night there. Some time with wings of an angel, made rapid after they had retired, the women flight and found safety within the waked Mr. Pindall, insisting that protection of the fort. they had heard at different times a Thus the record closes. If such an noise resembling that made by incident were to take place now, whistling on a charger, and recom- volumes would be written to com- mended that the party should im- memorate it. And if all the circum- mediately repair to the fort. The stances of the event could now be men not having heard anything at- disclosed, I have no doubt that a tributed to the winds the noise the volume might be written that would women had attributed to the Indians be read with avidity and intense in- and the night being dark and terest by thousands at the present inclement, the endeavored to quiet (day. But the thrilling episode and the terrors of the ladies by insisting the brave and true hearts that partici- that there was no danger. The pated in it seem to have been for- women went back to bed and all re- gotten by an ungrateful and don't- mained quiet till morning. care generation. There seems to At early dawn, the men were up have been no fond posterity to cher- bright and cheery and relieved of ish the deeds of their foreparents. foreboding danger. Pindall went to No legend has been woven, no tradi- the field to catch a horse, and the tion related. Oblivion shrouds the three young .men walked to the whole transaction save the few terse spring to perform their morning ab- facts immortalized by Withers, the lutions, whilst the women, relieved faithful chronicler of border warfare. of their fears, were enjoying a morn- 1 have tried, but in vain, to resurrect ing nap. some buried reminiscences of the af- All at once a volley of rifle shots fair. But the actors have ali long startled the ears of all, and Crawford since passed from the stage, and I and Wright fell never to rise up can now find none to do them rev- again. Harrison escaped to the fort. erence. The women sprang from their couch and ran for their lives. Mrs. Pindall L. K. Evans.

Stattler's Fort Way back in thi dim vista of de- It was situated about three-fourths parted time, a scene of carnage was of a ,mile south of the State line. I portrayed on the waters of Dunkard believe there is a post-office bearing creek unsurpassed in atrocity and the name of the fort at or near its which beggars description. In the original site. summer of 1778, we find a larEe and How long this settlement had ex- thrifty settlement in the valley of isted here prior to the wholesale Dunkard in the vicinity of the site slaughter I am about to record, I now occupied by Blacksville. On a have no means of knowing. Doubt- branch of the creek, on the Virginia less some dating pioneers had ex- and side and a short distance below plored the country long before, Blacksville, was constructed a fort, by dint of earnest enterprise had which was the general rendezvous for gradually worked up the pol ulous the entire neighborhood in times of community of whom I am about to savage invasion. It was called Stat- relate the unhappy fate of many. tler's fort, I presume from the name While numerous bodies of hostile of the individual owning the im- Indians were depredating on the set- )rovement on which it was located. tlements along Booth's and Coburn's 67 creeks, and committing terrible equal contest could not long be sus- slaughter and devastation, the Statler tained, but fighting their way fort people becaome apprised of through that large army of infuriated their danger and assembled them- savages, the few who were yet un- selves in the fort for mutual defense harnied made their escape to the fort, and protection. Peradventure several "leaving eighteen ol their com- days had elapsed, and no enemy ap- panions dead in the road." pearing, the men ventured forth with It was well tor that settiement gun in one hand and hoe in the other that the Indians refrained from be- to till the growing crops and secure sieging the fort, for it had sustained subsistence for their families which such a loss in gallant defenders as to were habiting at the fort. For the have rendered impossible its defense better defense against the insidious against such a host of warriors. It attacks from detached gangs of the was so weakened that it was so.me large party of savages known to have time before they dared to venture been on the war path, the settlers all forth to bury the dead. They found went together and by helping each them stripped and scalped and shock- other for help in return, kept up a ingly mangled, presenting a spectacle kind of constant organization for which for brutal atrocity, beggars all each other's protection. How long description. they had been operating thus is not It was indeed a mercy of God that known, but long enough, doubtless to the Stattler fort settlement was not begin to feel a sense of returning at that time entirely destroyed. At security, and therefore to relax their that time it was isolated far from vigilance in guarding against sur- any other considerable community. prise. They had no hope of deliverance save One evening, after having accom- their own resources and a reliance in plished a good day's work undisturb- an overruling Providence. In such a ed, they butchered some hogs and helpless condition were they, that set off for the fort in high spirits, they did not feel, at any tume, that to gladden the eyes of their wives it was the part of discretion to at- and little ones with their safe return tempt to resent or avenge any out- as well as with the provisions which rage committed upon them by the they were bringing to relieve them Indians; and they wisely concluded from gnawing hunger. that "prudence was the better part During the afternoon, however, of valor." The implicable redmen over one hundred stealthy, deadly probably did not know this or they savages crept noislessly through the would have raided on them wilh the forest and ambushed themselves on utmost impunity. either side of the pathway which led Thus far I am corroborated by the to the fort. Crouching there with written history of Border Warfare, deadly intent, these highway demons but whatever follows will be purely breathlessly awaited the coming of traditional. It would seem that the the devoted band of frontiersmen. ambuscade was near the State line. Unconscious of the awful fate and for the following reasons: awaiting them, the happy, unsuspect- "There the Warrior Branch of the ing party of honest woodsmen march- great war path held its way, and it ed gaily on, right into the very jaws is natural to regard this army of of death! All at once the whole savages as on the return march from countryside seemed ablaze with the the expedition of blood and pillage. lightning's flash, and every tangle in And hence their path intersecting the dense thickets adjacent belched that of the settlers, it would be but forth the fearful death warrant of natural that the one should be inter- rifle shot. Many fell to rise no more. cepted by the other. Again it is said But those who escaped the first vol- that the body of Jacob Stattler, who ley rallied with an undismayed brav- was killed on this occasion, was ery and returned the fire. The un- interred near the State line. A few 68 years ago his bones became exposed ment. Brice Worley's first born by the washing away of the earth. babe died in infancy, and there is a The citizens in the neighborhood had well treasured tradition that the thelm recoffined and reinterred in the brave mother, with gun in hand, "honors of war," in the presence of stood a faithful sentinel while the a large assemblage of patriotic father nailed up a rude box, prepared citizens who attended with martial the grave, and committed the darling music and flags and procession, and baby to the tomb. The little mound in all the pomp and pride suitable to is still well preserved, and to the such an occasion. credit of the succeeding generations It is also remembered that Zachary of kinfolk is still cared for and kind- Pyle, who was one of the early pion- ly cherished-an act that speaks vol- eers in that region, was wounded umes in behalf of the head and heart during the severe action which I of the Worley family. Brice Worley's have described. house was stockaded and was known Brice Worley, the grandfather of as the Worley Fort. Nathan Worley, my good friend, John I. Worley, of his brother, was killed by the Indians, Wayne township, and the great- one of the later deeds of violence grandfather of my young bachelor committed in that community. I friend, Norman Worley, of the firm may have occasion to refer to this of Ross & Worley, Waynesburg, incident again, as there is another settled on a tract of land a half mile sketch to be developed out ot later below Blacksville in this same year, transactions in that region. 1778. His grandson, John I. Worley, still possesses the original improve- L. K. Evans.

The Morgans The name of Morgan is a house- 1778, a party of Indians visited his hold word to all acquainted with the home and killed his mother and her written or traditional history of our granddaughter, Mrs. Dillon and her local Indian warfare. And yet I do two children, and a young man by not know that any of their doings fell name of Brain, and took Mrs. Morgan within the limits of Greene county. (the wife) and her child prisoners. But the incidents which I am about On their way home they passed near to record transpired so near that Pricket's fort, on Pricket's creek, a they wielded an influence so great few miles above Morgantown. They as to impress the latest generations; there bound Mrs. Morgan to a bush and the traditions of David Morgan and leaving her child with her went are as vivid with our people today as away to catch a horse for her to ride. that of any of our own early citizens. By the aid of her teeth she succeeded In the year 1767, as we saw in a in unloosing her hands, and effected previous sketch, David Morgan oc- her escape, wandering all that day cupied the spot so fatal to Thomas and night and part of the next day Decker ten years previous, the site before she found the fort-all the upon which Morgantown now stands. while carrying her babe in her bosom. And I presume, as the memory of A day or two after, parties from the Thomas Decker is perpetuated fort visiting the spot where Mrs. through the ages past and the ages Morgan had been tied, found a fine to come, by Decker's creek, so that mare lying dead on the ground. of David Morgan finds a lasting They had become so exasperated a, monument in Morgantown. the loss of their prisoners that they In 1772 we read that William Mor- vented their spleen by stabbing the gan settled on the Dunkard bottoms innocent brute to the heart. on Cheat river. On the 11th of April During the year 1778, savage 69 depredations and cruelty weie so which he could see over the planta- frequent and monstrous that the tion, his eyes were gladdened by be- spring of 1779 found many of the holding the objects of his anxious sparser settlements in the valleys of solicitude industriously working and the upper Monongahela entirely in apparent safety. He approached abandoned. In the neighborhood of them and sat down on a log to rest Pricket's fort the inhabitants early and congratulate himself. took the precaution to assemble In the space of a few minutes he themselves within its protection-re- saw two Indians emerge from the maining within the fortress at night house and make toward the children. and venturing forth to their farms Fearing to alarm thesm by a startling in the day time, and thus making outcry and thus deprive them of the the best shift possible under the power of extraordinary exertion he circumstances. Among this number carelessly and adroitly put them on was David Morgan, a man of 60 their guard and sent them flying years of age and relative to General towards the fort whilst he sat un- David Morgan. I do not know, but concernedly on the log. The Indians 1 presume that this is the same David raised a hideous yell and started in Morgan that settled on the site of pursuit, but just then the old man Morgantown 11 years before, for one made known his presence, gun in account says that he had fled, hand, when they played shy and took through fear of the Indians, to a fort to the trees for she!tcr. He then 20 miles south of the Provincial line. thought to seek safety by flight, but And yet, as we shall see, he had pos- infirm with age, he could no longer sessions within a mile or two of rival the agile red man in the race. Pricket's fort, in which he and his Finding they were about to overtake family were sojourning. him, he wheeled to fire, when both Early in April, being unwell him- Indians sprang behind trees. He self, he sent his two children, then sought protection behind a Stephen, a sprightly lad of sixteen, sugar tree, but, finding it so small as and Sarah, a buxom girl of fourteen to leave his body partly exposed, he years, to a farm a mile away to feed made for a large oak about 20 yards the cattle. It being fair weather the further on. Just as he reached it children concluded to tarry a while the foremost Indian took refuge be- and clear off a truck patch-Stephen hind the little sugar, and feeling a doing the grubbing and Sarah carry- sense of insecurity threw himself by ing away the brush. This they did a prostrate log at the root of the without consulting their father, sappling. This proved an insuffcien-. though they had it in contemplation, protection, for Morgan, perceiving as it is said they took their dinners the body exposed shot, and tile sav- with them. age rolled over on his backi and Soon after their departure the old stabbed himself to death. gentleman retired to bed, and falling Morgan again sought safety in into a doze, dreamed that he saw his flight. His gun was now empty and two children walking about the fort his remaining pursuer could ap- yard scalped. Arousing from his proach him with impunity. The un- slumbers he made inquiry and found equal contest was maintained for that they had not yet returned about 60 yards when, looking over though it was long past tho time his shoulder, he saw the savage near when he should expect them. Har- him with his gun raised. He made a rowed by the presentiment of his sudden dart to one side, and the In- dream, he grasped his gun and set dian missed his aim. Both guns out to see what detained them. Still were now empty and the strife not haunted by the horrid spectacle of being so vastly unequal, Morgan his vision he approached the house turned to "club his fire lock," but the with great trepidation and concern. Indian hurled at him his uplifted But reaching an eminence from tomahawk severing his little finger 70 an the left hand and injuring the Having related his adventure, from the old one next to it, and knocking his gun eager escort accompanied of the awful entirely out of his hands. Th% next man back to the place Indian had moment they were in each other's tragedy. The wounded Being a dextrous wrestler crept away. But they speedily embrace. into the Morgan readily threw the Indian who trailed him by his blood he as readily turned him under, and fallen branches of a tree where a horrid yell began to feel had endeavored to conceal himself. uttering knife from his knife. Luckily he had stolen He had there plucked the for wound apron from Morgan's house and his body and bound up the an apron. On tied it on over his knife so as to with the aforementioned had he accosted ready access to it. In the their approaching him hinder do you meantime Morgan got one of his them with the familiar "How fingers between his teeth which de-- do broder. How do you do broder!" prived him of the use of that hand But the salutation came too late. recognize and by a vigorous chewing of that They were in no humor to digit so disconcerted his antagonist so universal a brotherhood of man- him when he got hold of the knife kind just then; and they gave that his was so near the blade that for answer repeated blows with his hold Nor was Morgan got a slight hold on the end death-dealing tomahawk. the vin- of the handle, and when the knife death sufficient to appease drawn from the scabbord Mor- dictive passions of these infuriated was ferocity gan, by crushing the finger still be- men, and with super-savage scalp both his grinders, succeeded in they proceeded not only to tween flay them. drawing the knife through the In- Indians, but actually to the still more dian's hand, gashing it terribly. By And to this they added both had gained their feet revolting barbarousness of tanning this time into the Indian realizing his disad- the skins and converting them and pouch- endeavored to get loose. But saddle seats, drum heads, shot vantage of an Morgan held on his finger like a vise es and belts. Oh, the depravity his first opportunity to unregenerate heart! Oh, the perver- and improved like to the side with the sity of a revengeful spirit! How deal him a blow ani- encountering a rib, he had an uncaged hyena is the human knife; but throne a second time which mal, when passion usurps the to strike him charity to effect in the abdomen, and by of reason! It is but just took the almost upwards cut such a fearful David Morgan who made ripping to presume gash as to allow his bowels c-) pro- super-human struggle barbarities perpe- trude. The Indian sank in an ap- that those horrid the bodies of a fallen parent lifeless condition, and Morgan trated upon accordance with his turned from the scenes of his terrible foe were not in He was too nobly brave. conflict and made all haste to reach desire. to conquer, may stoop to kill, the fort. Heroes, despoil and mutilate the On his way thence he overtook his but cowards be remembered dead. daughter, for it must doubtless death struggles These two Indians were that all these life and body which the time that it foragers from the main did not occupy half Bozarth story. She had fol- attacked Mrs. Experience takes to tell the That expedi- to the river, but he with no better result. lowed her brother with uncoveted re- in and swam across, tion was fraught having plunged They met with her way to the canoe sults to the redskins. she was making in every quarter. on. The father and daughter a warm reception farther In 1787 Levi Morgan, on Buffalo proceeded to the fort together where creek, whilst skinning a wolf, saw son and brother awaited them, all the three Indians approaching. He having escaped out of the very jaws sprang behind a large rock; they be- And now that the conflic, of death. hind a tree. Upon looking back he danger was over the joy was un- and saw an Indian watching the other speakable. 71 side of the rock as if expecting him alarm and turned and made all there. He fired and the Indian fell. possible effort to get out of the sup- He then proceeded to reload, but to posed danger. his utter dismay found that the stop- At the treaty of AuGlaize Morgan per was out of his horn and the pow- met the same Indian, who still had der all gone. He could now only his gun. They talked over the ex- hope to escape by flight, which he at citing chase and concluded to make once attempted. Finding one of his a second trial of each other's speed. pursuers rapidly gaining upon him Morgan having easily beaten him the he at first dropped his gun, then his Indian rubbed his hams, exclaiming, shot pouch and coat with the hope "stiff, stiff! Too old, too old!" of attracting the Indian's attention; "Well," said Morgan, "you got this but he passed them heedlessly by. gun by beating me running, and now Arriving at the top of an eminence, Fince I have beaten you, I guess I ll Morgan called out, "Come on, boys' reclaim it." And picking it up ho here he is! shoot quick or the rascal carried it off much to the dis- will get away!" and the strategy comfiture of the redskin. succeeded. For the Indian took the L. K. Evans.

Swan-Hughes-Vanmeter

From some records in an old fanl- he at once brought on his wife as a ily bible now exLant it is shown that companion and help,mate. Hec the first settlement made on Muddy frugal repast in this wilderness home creek was in the year 1767. During consisted of johnnycake shortened this year John Swan of Scotch, and with bear's fat, dried venison and Thomas Hughes, of Irish descent, Adam's ale-exceptionally plain, but emigrated from the South Potomac, exceedingly nutritious fare. Their near Winchester, Va. They explored hospitality soon became proverbial this creek from its mouth to beyond with the sparse inhabitants, who where Carmichaels now stands and were all males, and the Hupp cabin "tomahawked such enclosures as soon became the Sunday morning they desired for future possessions. rendezvous for all the men in the Swan improved all the valley lying settlement. Nauseated with their between the Allfree mills and Shep- own unpalatable cooking, they would herd's meeting house, and built his carry their choice game and fish to cabin near the old grave yard, on the her, and enjoy a toothsome meal pre- farm now owned by the widow pared and served by the veriest lady Strawn. of the land. Hughes took up a body of land Once when Swan and Hughes were near the site of Carmichaels and lo- crossing Muddy creek in company, cated his cabin somewhere on the Swan's horse stumbled and fell with farm on which Mr. Isaac Biddle re- hLmr. Incensed at his horse, and cently resided. chagrined at his plight, he shook At this time there was but one the mud and water from his clothing, white woman west of the Mononga- spluttering out, "It's a muddy little hela river known to these settlers. stream anyhow." Hughes was much She was the wife of George Hupp, amused at his friend's manner of ex- who located a large body of land on pression, and related the joke so fre- the north bank of Ten Mile, and quently that the name "Muddy," erected a cabin near the creek and though at first applied in anger and about two miles from its mouth. derision, became attached to the Some of his descendants still possess stream so permanently that all suc- the original improvement. Having ceeding floods have been unable to made the necessary arrangements, wash the stigma out. 72 In 1768 they brought their fami- cupied the crest of the high bluff on lies out to share with them their the south side of Pumpkin run. All forest acquisitions. Swan brought these early pioneers were practically with him also all his negro slaves, undisturbed by the Indians till the hlaving been the possessor of a good- year 1774, when Logan, the Cayuga ly number-and they were supposed 01 Mingo chief, made his murderous to be the first human chattles that crusade of retaliation through this :ver trod the soil of what is now region. Then a fort was constructed :~reene county. The descendants of on John Swan's farm, and called these slaves were held continuously Swan's and Vanmeter'.s fort. by the descendants of their masters My informant is a great-grand- till the statute law of the State an- daughter of both John Swan and nulled all property in a fellow man. Henry Vanmeter, and her husband Along with the families of Swan and was a great-grandson of T.omas Hughes came the family of Henry Hughes. She spent much of her Vanmeter, a German-not Jacob early life in the famil: of her grand- Vanmeter, as is erroneously recorded father, with whom her great-grand- in the "Chronicles of Border War- mother, Martha Vanmneter, lived. rare.' They made an emigrant train. Being twelve years old when the lady slaves and all, of every fifty, souls. Vanmeter died, she has a very dis- rhese three men were all middle tinct recollection of many incidents aged, and each had children nearly related to her of the dangers and or quite grown. They brought two hardships and privations experienced or three wagons, in which some by the early settlers. Their flour, household goods were transported, salt and ammunition, and all other b)'t the families and most of the es- necessary articles weie transported sentials were conveyed on pack on pack horses from Cumberland, horses. The slaves walked and drove Md. Their corn was ground on hand the stock. They followed the route mills. Granny Vanmeter told of a cut out by Braddock's army as far as young girl, her niece, who was cap- it lay in their course, after leaving tured by the Indians and who, after which, they cut a way for themselves. being carried many miles away, man- And here I am tempted to chroni- aged to make her escape--how, cle a bit of romance, which is always while wandering for days in the i:iteresting to sentimental youth. woods alone, she subsisted on roots Charles Swan, who was the son of and wild berries; how, when she had John, was then just 21 years old. found a dead rattlesnake, she ate it Sarah Vanmeter, the daughter of with avidity and ever afterward per- Henry, was then but ten years old. sisted in pronouncing it "the sweet- Imd· there could be no special est bit of meat she ever tasted;" and significance in the fact that she rode how she finally made her way home behind Charles Swan on the same and made glad the hearts of her horse all that long and tedious and friends. And many other similar perilous journey. Yet four years scenes and adventures did the kind later and they twain were one flesh. old lady tell, much to the gratifica- for Charles Swan then made Sarah tion of her attentive listeners. Vanmeter his wife. The author has been kindly per* Henry Vanmeter laid claim, by mitted to copy the following quaint tomahawk right to all that beautiful old papers, which have been carefully ,nd valuable valley known as the preserved on the verge of a century: Randolph settlement. A few old "I do hereby certify, that Charles trees still standing by the roadside Swan has taken and subscribed the not far from Mr. Michael Price's oath of affirmation of allegiance and brick dwelling, attest the spot where- fidelity, as directed by an act of Gen- on his first cabin stood. When he eral Assembly entitled An act to first located there, an Indian burial oblige the free male inhabitants of ground of apparently recent use oc- this State above a certain age to give 73 assurance of allegiance to the same Near Jefferson, Greene county, Pa., and for other purposes. Witness my March 29, 1810. hand and seal, this sixteenth day of Mr. Charles Swan-Sir-A law September, 1777. has been passed during the late ses- HENRY VANMETER." (Seal.) sion of the general assembly of Penn- sylvania, establishing an academy in "Land Office Treasury Warrant, Carmichaelstown, in the county of No. 2215. Greene, with a donation from the To the principal Surveyors of any treasury of $2,000, on condition that county within the Commonwealth the Episcopal society at or in the of Virginia: vicinity of that place fulfill their offer (State Seal.) of their church as a donation for the use of said institution. The trustees This shall be your Warrant to appointed in said act are Charles survey and lay off in one or more Swan, James Flenniken, George surveys, for Charles Swan, his heirs Evans, Robert Lewis, Robert White- or assigns, the quantity of one hill, Jr., and Hugh Barclay; and the thousand acres of land, due unto the first meeting directed to be held in said Charles on pre-emption certifi- said town on the 3d Tuesday in May cate from the commissioners of the next. district of Monongalia, Yohogania There are but six trustees, and and Ohio. four form a quorum to do business. In consideration of the sum of Not expecting that the laws would four hundred pounds current money, be published so early as the time ap- paid to the public treasury, the pay- pointed for the first meeting, I pro- ment whereof to the Treasurer hath cured a copy of the act as passed and been duly certified by the Auditors approved which I am ready to lay of Public Accounts and their certifi- before the trustees. cate received into the Land Office. I conceived that it would be ex- Given under my hand and the seal pected that I should give this general of the said office, this twenty-sixth information and am very certain that thou- day of August, in the year one a sense of duty and a taste fer educa- sand seven hundred and eighty-two. tion, more than any request of mine, JOHN HOWIE." will urge the attendance of the trus- Tr. L. Office. tees at Carmichaelstown at the time the "July 15, 1795, Received of Charles mentioned above, and fixed in to be, Swan, one dollar for his subscription law. I have the honor obedient servant, for the Pittsburgh Gazette from the Your ISAAC WEAVER, JR. 1st of last January. By JOHN MOWERY Col. C. Swan." a large family of For JOHN SCULL." John Swan had children, most of whom settled in this county. His son John, and John Swan held to the Episcopal Thomas Hughes' son Joseph, started religion-the principles of which dil- with their families in a flat boat to igently instilled into the minds of his emigrate to Kentucky. Not far be- children afterwards eventuated in the low Fort Pitt, whilst Swan was lying building of a church house in the on the boat asleep with his little village of Carmichaels when there daughter in his arms, he was shot. were but two or three houses in the through the breast by an Indian and place. This building served both as instantly killed. So fatal was the a meeting and school house for a shot, that those on the boat were not long time, and was finally chartered aware that anything serious had hap- as Greene Academy in the year 1809. pened till the little girl exclaimed The following letter in relation to "Oh, papa is shot, for I feel his warm the founding of this pioneer institu- blood running over me!" There was tion is not devoid of interest: but one man left to manage and de- 74 He fend the boat, whilst the Indians. Cheat and often up Ten Mile. several in number, kept up a con- aided in the pursuit of the murderers tinuous fire, but without further in- of the Spicer family, between whom jury. The dead man's wife bravely and himself a special friendship Spicer, aided in the defense of the craft b~ existed; and when William loading the guns and handing them the captive boy, returned to this Lo Hughes. country on a visit, he with his Indian His son Richard married a Van- brother-in-law paid Col. Swan a visit. meter, and erected a cabin on Pump- Col. Charles Swan had four sons kin run and after a time built a mill, and five daughters. Thomas and which is still standing and forms a Richard settled in Fayette county. part of the Allfree mill of this day. Charles, a few years ago, went from The Allfree family now in possession (Greene county west. Solon still re- are lineal descendants. sides near Carmichaels. Martha His son Thomas settled on the married Thomas Lucas, Elizabeth farm where Ellis Baily now resides. married James Seaton, Mary married MArs. Elizabeth Bell, wife of Jimmy William Collins, a native of the State Bell, near Carmichaels, is his grand- of Delaware, who soon after died, daughter and only descendant. and in the course of time she married His son, Col. Charles, as we have Isaac Burson. Sallie married Aliph already said, married Sarah Van- Flenniken, and left one son John, meter in the year 1772, and was thin who now lives somewhere near the first to erect a cabin in the Car- Monongahela river in Cumberland michaels valley, which was located township. Phoebe married John of near the creek on the farm now McClain and moved to the State owned by John Hathaway. Soon Ohio. give after this the Indians began Lo be In my next I shall endeavor to exper- troublesome. Colonel Swan fre- some interesting details in the quently moved his family to thie fort ience of the Hughes and Vanmeter and participated in scouting expedl families. tions, trailing the savages sometimes L. K. Evans. up the Youghiogheny, sometimes up

Hughes-Vanmeter and Thomas Hughes, of whom mention danger menaced the community seek was made in my last sketch, had all the neighborhood would in the fort, he several sons, in fact all his sons, save shelter and safety his cabin, de- one, and all his daughters, lo emi- would scorn to leave and determination grate to Kentucky, one of whom, claring his ability family from the Joseph, I noticed in my last, fighting to protect his own occasion of the his way through the savages and red skins. On the was sent to floating steadily down the Ohio. Spicer massacre word party of In- Thomas Hughes, Jr., son of every cabin that a large on the settle- Thomas, married a daughter of John dians was advancing all to lose no in 1771 and remained in this ment, and exhorting Swan's to the fort. He county. He settled down in the Car- time in repairing to heed the warning. michaels valley, and built a cabin on alone refused to skulk and hide away the very site of John Hathaway's He spurned mention of an Indian, present brick house, and was a close at the mere to plow his corn that neighbor of Col. Charles Swan. He and resolved the action to the will, was reputed a hero in his day and d(lay. Suiting his wife and two children generation. So recklessly brave was he took him to the field and placing he as to have it said of him, "he did with men on guard began his work. not know what fear was." When two 75 Presently the alarm was given the stands. He built his cabin near the Indians were actually approaching, old stone house now the residence and were already close at hand. of the widow Stephens. At that tinme Then it was that Mr. Hughes con- all that scope of land situated be- cluded that prudence was the better tween the south side of Jefferson and part of valor, and hastily unhooking Ten Mile creek was a dense glove of his horse he took his wife up behind beautiful white pine, the haunts oi him, each holding a child, anti rode bears and wolves and deer. In De- for life towards the fort, followed by cember of this y.ear his third child, the whizzing bullets of the savages. Mary, was born, and she in time be- This was a detachment led on by the came the mother of the Lindsey irate Logan, who proceeded thence family of the county. to join the main body west of Jack- About contemporaneously with son's fort, where the battle of Ten Hughes, Col. Heaton settled on the Mile occurred site of Jefferson. His cabin stood be- Subsequeicly to this Thomas low and a little west of Hughes. Hughes was entreated to seek safety Soon afterward he built a mill on or in flight as hostile Indians were re- near the site of that now known as ported in the vicinity. But he stub- Horn's mill. And there is a vague bornly refused, and as usual, boasted tradition that right here the Whisky of his ability to defend his own Insurrection took its rise, and "Tom premises, although still lame from the Tinker" had his birth. It is the effects of a bite from a rattle- averred by some that Thomas Hughes s;nake. At night-fall distant hootings and others being engaged in (istill- and unusual noises were heard. His ing, considered the then excise law wife became alarmed, but he only as unjust and oppressive, and werner covered up the fire to keep the In- the first to refuse to obey its require- dians from being attracted by the ments. I do not suppose, however, light and went to bed. His wife fall- that his descendants are in any way ing into a troubled sleep dreamed covetous of having such doubtful that they were actually attacked by honors thrust upon their ancestors. the savages, and so vivid was the But it has already passed into re- dream and so startling its effect that corded history that he was a promn- she became so alarmingly frightened ltent participant in the lawless events that Hughes, after protesting that of those stirring times. In a letter there was more danger from snakes dated Pittsburg, Nov. 24, 1794, fromn without than from Indians by re- "W. Rlawle," who, I believe, was a maining, consented to take a bed into Law officer for 'he Federal Govern- a field of tall rye and stay there till ment, to Judge Alexander Addison, morning. At early dawn Mrs. he is instructed: "To take recog- Hughes crept cautiously to the sum- nizance of Thomas Hughes, Esq., if mit of an elevation commanding a he shall offer bail and good securities view of the cabin, when to her con- in no less sum in the whole than sternation she beheld it wrapped in $3000 for his appearance to answer. flames, whilst numerous Indians The charge against him is his hav- were dancing and yelling around a ing been one of the blackened party feather bed. Having torn it open who attacked the house of Capt. they were enjoying the sport of toss- Faulkner, and his having signed a ing the feathers in the air and seeing contemptuous and improper paper on them scattered by the wind. In a the 11th of September last." few minutes wagons were heard com- And from Philadelphia, on the ing from the fort over the high hill 24th of December, 1794, Mr. Rawle overlooking Carmichaels and the In- writes that he was excepted from the dians taking alarm fled from the proclamation of pardon because he scene. was "one of the men with blackened In the spring of 1776 he moved to faces who attacked Faulkner. &c." where the town of Jefferson now Generally, as showing the spirit of 76 the times and the sentiment of our hotter each year, no settlement of people, in relation to this difficulty, the vexed question was effected till I insert an extract froim the affidavit the year 1800, when they compro- of Judge Addison in 1794. rmised the difficulty by calling the "I was present at Red Stone old west end Hamilton and the east end tort on the 28th and 29th of August, Jefferson. Thomas Hughes was a last, when what was called the stand- justice of the peace for Cumberland ing committee met to receive the re- township, Washington county, in the port of the committee to confer with year 1782. .he commission on the part of the Thomas Hughes (the second) had government- * and the minds of eight children-three sons and five almost all were impressed with a daughters-all of whom are now fear of opposing the current of the dead. John, the oldest, married and popular opinion; and this deponent lived all his days near Jefferson. believes these impressions were Charles and Barnet Hughes, now greatly increased by the appearance living in the same neighborhood are of a body of armed men assembled sons of his. Thomas (the third) there from Muddy Creek, Washington lived many years in Rices Landing. county, to punish Samuel Jackson as Lindsey Hughes, lately deceased, and an enemy to what they called their John and James, still living there, cause.' And for the purpose of are his sons. James lived on a farm showing to what extent the people of a short distance west of Jefferson, this end of Washington county, now and has a son Thomas and other Greene, was interested in this whisky descendants in the west end of the traffic, it is pertinent here to mark county. Mary married James Lind- that the records for the year 1788, sey, a Scotchman, who was for many chow a list of 70 licensed distilleries years a prominent merchant in the in operation-the result of necessity town of Jefferson. She was the from lack of transportation facilities; mother of James Lindsey, who was for a horse that could only pack 6 the father of H. H. Lindsey,. late bushels of rye to market, could trans- Prothonotary of Greene county; of port the product of 24 bushels when R. H. Lindsey, deceased, father of manufactured into whisky, which was Major J. B. Lindsey and Mrs. David a consideration of no small magni- Crawford. now of Waynesburg; of tude when we reflect that the dis- Alex. Lindsey, deceased, father of tance was hundreds of miles over an Captain B. M. Lindsey, of Steuben- almost trackless mountain region. ville. Ohio, and of John Lindsey, who Up to about the year 1795 the having married a granddaughter of town now known as Jefferson con- Col. Charles Swan, became the father sisted of but two or three cabins, of the Hon. James Lindsey, deceased, which were situated near the creek once President Judge of this Judicial bank. About this tLme, however, District, and father of A. I. Lindsey, Hughes, who owned all east, and teller of the Farmers and Drovers Heaton, who possessed all west of National Bank, of Waynesburg. Col. Joe Parkinson's present prem- Hence, it will be seen that the Swan, ises, began the survey of town lots on Vanmeter and Hughes families all the present site. After a number of blend in this Lindsey family. Sarah lots had been disposed of, the ques- married Mathias Roseberry, and tion of a name for the embryo city lived near Rogersville, this county. began to be agitated. Heaten being She was the mother of David Gray. a staunch Federalist, insisted that it of Mrs. Thomas Hill, Esq., and of should be called for his favorite Mrs. Morris, who was the mother of statesman, Hamilton. Hughes, on Captain John Morris, one of the the other hand, being an ardent Re- present board of County Commission- publican, thought that Jefferson ers, and of Mrs. Judge Hoskinson, of would be much more appropriate. Waynesburg. Martha married Bar- Political strife waxing hotter and net Neal, and Dr. S. H. Sharpnnck, of 77 Jefferson, is her grandson. Nancy a justice of the peace for Cumberland married James Curl, and settled at township, Washington county, in the Carmichaels, where some of her year 1782, and was elected one of the descendants still reside. Katharine commissioners of the county in 1788. married John Miller, and has He was a staunch Baptist, and descendants near Waynesburg. joining a few others built a Baptist As remarked in the last sketch, it meeting house on the farm now was Henry and not Jacob Vanmeter owned by Ellis B. Bailey. It was who immigrated to this county in used for many years as a place of company with John Swan and worship. It was the first Baptist Thomas Hughes. This is the fact, church erected in the county, and notwithstanding Border Warfare re- was the only one ever built in the cords it as Jacob. However, there vicinity of Carmichaels, and I am seems to have been another family told that relics of its ruins are still of Varnmeters in the county at a very visible on its original site. early day, as the record of member- Henry Vanmeter had three sons. ship in the Goshen Baptist church at Rezin, Craven and Abraham, who Garards Fort embraces among its emigrated to Ohio at an early date. first members, Jacob, John and Abra- His son Jesse married Nancy Seals of ham Vanmeter and their wives and the Jackson Fort settlement, o Benjamin Vanmeter. A Baptist his- which marriage William Kincnid, of tory in my possession also speaks of Jefferson township, is the only living Jacob Vanmeter as of the Muddy descendant. Jesse lived till the day Creek settlement. But the descend- of his death on a part of the land ants of the Swans and Vanmeters. taken up by his father. The Jaugh- who have every facility of knowing. ters, Elizabeth and Phoebe, married assert that it was Henry who came brothers-William and Ellis Thomas. with Swan and Hughes as stated moved out to Grave Creek; Elizabeth above. and her husband settled on the He was a public spirited and very waters of Dunkard creek a short dis- popular man. He is said to have had tance above Blacksville, and he was the first commission for justice of the afterward shot by the Indians. peace ever held in the territory of The particulars of this incident Greene county. His first appoint- will form the basis of a subsequent ment was from the Governor of the sketch. Colony of Virginia. He was elected L. K. Evans.

Jacob Crow As early as the year 1769, and lasting hills which line the almost im- while the Zane brothers were making penetrable mazes of rapid, roaring the first "tomahawk i.iprovements" Wheeling creek. Many ,miles up that on the Ohio river in the vicinity of uninviting, rugged stream he found the present site of the city of Wheel- the cozy nook his fancy sought, and ing, Jacob Crow, an enterprising and to him a paradise lost was now re- irrepressible Dutchman, was also on gained. At all events, here he chose the very verge of the border spying his home, as supremely odd as from out the goodly land. The German civilization it was remote. element seemed instinctively to take But I am told by persons acquaint- to the hills, as if to commemorate ed with the site of Crow's mill, five the vine-clad mountains of their miles below Ryerson Station, that it venerated Rhine; and Jacob Crow is a charming and most romantic most truly exemplified this peculiar- place. A miniature prairie of a hun- ity by penetrating away back into the dred broad acres of most fertile land deep and wild recesses of the ever- lies huddled in between the lofty 78 hills. All around, at every point, hill in his tomahawk boundaries all those upon hill in mountain grandeur lands now belonging to Thomas Scott, looms aloft, while the winding Cornelius Dorsey, the Harshas and stream like a huge serpent caged the Lowry estate. He no doubt draws its irregular coils leisurely added tract to tract and survey to about the scene. In its normal survey as inclination dictated and at native state it was doubtless grand his leisure, as there seems to have and picturesque beyond description, been few, if any, for a number of and portrayed such enchantments to years, to dispute his right or compete Jacob Crow as wedded him to it for for the acquisition of any of that vast life. Or he may have thought to realm of ownerless estate. hide himself away in the unapproach- It is presumable that Jacob Crow able labyrinths of a forbidding and his thriving and rapidly increas- stream which dashed like mad down ing family enjoyed about five years its serpentine track the sterile rocks of peace and amity with the Indians; among. But alas, or it may be, that during that term A motive's not to be revealed they were utterly oblivious of his se- That's been one hundred years con- cluded abode. The bloody year of cealed. 1774 was a time of universal war- How long thus to himself he lived, fare and that his family should have nor yet how well, I do not pretend to entirely escaped any participation in know. Who first intruded on the it, is scarcely to be conjectured, and charming solitude of his lone retreat as we find that the two Wetzel boys, and enjoyed his hospitable rare of Jacob and Lewis, were captured dur- hog and hominy, pone and milk is ing this season, it is rational to infer neither here nor there. Whence, and that the Crows made common cause when, and with what intent the In- with them, as the two families re- dians first his peaceful dwelling sided within neighboring distance sought, is not recorded nor does and were reputed on intimate terms tradition teach. But then we know with each other. During this year, the savage found him out. We know as we have already seen, Jackson with warlike masquerade he often fort was built on Ten Mile and Shep- trod with fateful glen, and once at pard's fort on Wheeling creek. But least with devilish fiendishness made these places of security were each the hermit feel the pangs and drink out of the range and reach of the the very dregs of bitterest woe. Crows; and the fact that it was years Of that brave hearted dame who after this before any fort was erected shared our hero's destiny, not a in the immediate neighborhood, is syllable is told. How many children additional evidence of the sparseness vwere born to them ere they cast their and privacy of the settlement. At a lots in the wilderness, or how old later date a fort was constructed at their first born was at that time, I xwhat is known as Lindley's Mill in do not certainly know; but Michael, Washington county, some ten or their youngest son, was then just twelve .miles away, and hither they three weeks old. Hence, Martin, for a time were wont to resort in Fred and John were stalwart boys case of any emergency. when the troublous days of '74 came The thrilling episodes in the ex- on. perience of this family, which I shall Jacob Crow was not all romance. now proceed to describe, are purely He had a business eye and tact as traditionary and consequently their well. He first, "by tomahawk right, " order and date of occurrence can secured the farm of his choice and only be approximated. It is known. then proceeded to add, as well he as above stated, that the youngest ,might, all the lands adjoining. He son, Michael was but three weeks old improved the lands now owned by when they settled there. Hence. his grandsons Michael and Jacob from this date and the various stages Crow. And afterward included with- of his age and size during the period 79 of these transactions some approxi- savages. The boys, however, eager mate conclusion can be arrived at. to go with the party, left Michael at I will say, then, that the first of this deserted hovel, telling him they these traditionary episodes happened would soon return. Away they went in this wise: with that band of avenging warriors. Two men, whose names are not They witnessed the burial of the known, came to a point on Wheeling headless body, amid the most intense creek, about two and a half miles be- excitement. They no doubt partook low Crow s Mill, and established a largely of the spirit of indignation hunting camp on lands now owned 1hat actuated the whole company, by the Harshas. There they were and when the Indian trail was struck surprised by prowling Indians and by the excited and maddened crowd, one of them killed. The other es- the boys could not resist the tempta- caped to raise the alarm, and the few tion to follow on. In their zeal tor inhabitants of that neighborhood vengeance, they forgot their little with hot haste repaired to a distanL brother in the lone cabin, or else felL fort for protection. The next day a morally sure that the Farleys would party of armed men proceeded to the Ihat day return. On they went, nor spot to bury the dead and drive off did the Farley family come back, and any savages that might yet be lurk- for three tedious days and cheerless ing about. Upon arriving at the nights did that little child tenant desolated camp, they were horrified that lone cabin in the depths of an to find the body of the unfortunate al.most endless forest, whose awful man. But his head had been cut off solitudes were broken only by the and so effectually concealed that they howl of the hungry wolf or the plain- could not find it, though they made a tive note of the whippoorwill. The most thorough search. They had to brave hearted little fellow, however, abandon the fruitless quest and bury was not "born in the woods to be the body as they found it without the frightened at an owl," and he set his head. Some time afterward when wits to work to devise means of se- Jacob Crow was drawing wood in curity and defense. At night he that vicinity he was shocked to find would raise a puncheon of the floor, that man's head fast on the hook of wrap himself in a blanket, and, his log chain. Whilst dragging the creeping under, manage to replace chain through the leaves it was acci- the puncheon and thus feel secure dentally raked out of its concealment, from harm. He felt confident that the hook firmly hitching the head the wolves could not get at him, and under the jaw. It must have pre- if the Indians discovered his hiding sented a most ghastly spectacle. place he thought he could kick out Among the party who went forth some of the underpinning of the to bury the murdered man were two cabin, crawl out and run away. Dur- of Jacob Crow's sons, Fred and Mar- ing the day he would creep cautious- tin, who were doubtless lads of con- ly away some distance to a moss cov- siderable size. They must have ered rock on the sunny hillside and joined the company by accident, and quietly lay there anxiously watching' were probably induced to accompany for the appearance of either friend or the expedition from motives of ex- foe. His father's faithful dog kept citement or curiosity, for it appears him company, but lest he might bark that they had their little brother and attract an enemy, the child tied Michael with them, who could not his mouth shut with the belt of his have been over four or five years old. hunting shirt. He subsisted on They intended, however, to leave him Johnny cake which he baked him- with a family by name of Farley self, and on home-made sugar which whose cabin stood on lands now he found in the cupboard. These owned by Thomas Steel. But this toothsome viands he managed to cabin was now deserted, the inmates swallow by the aid of some rich having fled away from fear of the cream which he procured from the 80 spring house. He said the tolling of saw a big Indian on the palisade the bells when the cows came up to peering into the fort. The child soon be milked made him feel dreadfully raised the alarm, and it is said that lonesome. When Fred and Martin Jacob Crow took a "mouth full of came back at last, little Michael was bullets," seized a gun and ran up just in the act of setting out in stairs to pepper the murderous in- search of friends. The forest was truder from a port-hole provided for dense, trackless and almost illimit- such emergencies. But the wary able, but the little fellow could not savage had observed the movement endure that lonely condition any of the child and quietly withdrew. longer; so he filled his pockets with Nothing further was attempted on bread and sugar and started with his the fort, but it became necessary to dog. It was a great venture. See- alarm the neighborhood of the pres- ing him darting away in the dis- ence of the enemy. Runners were tance, they called to him but he dispatched in every direction to warn would not trust the.m. And the the neighbors to beware of the louder they called the faster he ran. treacherous, deadly misanthropists le had heard of the devices of the that were then infesting the woods. Indians to lure persons into their But it appears that one family, the power, and he determined to run no Wartons, who lived two or three risks. And in order to convince him miles away on lands now owned by that they were friends and not foes, Elijah Alley, was overlooked, and it became necessary to actually run what was still more unfortunate him down and catch him, which one there was nobody to go to apprize of them did. This was Michael them of the danger. But as soon as Crow's first adventure. Experience- Michael, who was yet a mere child, that severe but most thorough school comprehended the situation, he vol- master-commenced training him at unteered to go, and without further er- a very tender age, and continued for parley set off on the hazardous years to assign him lessons of this rand. Having notified the Wartons haste nature with little cessation, as we of the common danger lie made he was shall further see in our next sketch. to return. On the way back intercepted by a party of Indians. In a short time after the remark- but having by the aid of the star- bob- adventure related in the last light discovered their top-knots able be- of little Michael Crow, he was bing between him and the sky sketch them. the hero of another, scarcely less in- yond, he was able to avoid and miraculous. It seems They had with them a fierce looking teresting at that. prompted by the startling dog, which made a demonstration well aimed events recorded in my last article, our little hero, but a stick which he Jacob Crow had exercised the pre- blow with a wiping the dog turn caution of constructing a kind of a carried with him made The boy got paiisade fortification as an emer- tail and sneak off. The Wartons fled in protection to his family. It home all right. gency way. Such between the present site time to get out of harm's was located vigilance exercised mill and that of his grandson, was the prompt of the did not procure Michael Crow's present residence. that the marauders in that vicinity. One evening, unconscious of any a scalp or a prisoner on that every night, or danger, the children were romping However, next morning, the VWetzel and playing over the floor of the rather and Jacob, who lived ten which was inside the enclosure boys, Lewis cabin, miles below, were cap- or more likely form d a part of it. or twelve and their father and others of of them in its innocent glee tured, One family murdered. This was down on the floor and rolled the tumbled Wetzel's first grand experience over and over near the capacious Lewis the Indians, and was no doubt fire-place, and accidentally looking with occasion that led to that life of up the wide mouthed open chimney the 81 adventure which has rendered his his wound, when looking up he saw name so famous in both history and an Indian with his gun leveled at romance, and to whose exploits i .may him. As if impelled by instinct, he devote a sketch or two before I close. fell prostrate to the ground, and the Though the almost unbroken for- bullet whistled harmlessly by. Again est, in which the early settlers lived, he retreated pursued by the Indian. teemed with wild turkeys, and the Coming to a rock by the creek shore smaller animals and birds, they were he sprang from it as far as he could not content with such past-time as into the water, and just as he gained the hunting of these afforded. They the other shore the Indian appeared aspired to larger game and rarer on the rock. Both guns being empty sport. Hence hunting parties into and darkness thickening, the pursuit the misty mazes of the untrodder was abandoned. wilderness were of frequent occur- At the time of the firing, John rence. Crow was down the creek below the About the year 1780, John, Fred- camp coming in by himself. Upon. erick and Martin, the elder sons of hearing the report he ran up to learn Jacob Crow, and a man by name of its cause and was pierced through Dickison went out on the waters of the heart by several balls and in- Fishing creek and established a camp stantly killed. He was scalped and for the purpose of hunting elk. It left as he fell. seems that they erected their quar- The party had previously agreed ters in or near what they supposed on a .signal, which was the .mimic or was a deserted Indian camp. They a howl of a wolf, in order that they separated in squads or went aione as might recognize one another ill case their fancy suggested during the day, of separation and distress. ThaL but all aimed to arrive at camp about night Fred Crow signaled loud and the same time in the evening. On long oefore he could gain the confi- one occasion, as a party was ap- dence of his fellows, so sure wer , proaching the shanty from up they that he had fallen a victim to stream, Fred shot a duck, and ob- the deadly shot of the enemy. Hoax serving a bright fire in their quarters great was their joy when he finally supposed that some oC their comrrades revealed himself to them in the iden- had arrived and were preparir g the tical selfsame flesh and blood: evening repast. Fred slipped cau- Stealthily the little party groped its tiously up and sportively cast the way back to the settlement through duck into the quarters thinking to the darkness of that dreadful nighL. surprise the inmates. At that in- and raised the alarm. stant they were fired on by Indians On the next day a company was concealed close by. Martin Crow organized and proceeded again to tho had the "drop" or lower part of one fatal hunting camp. John Crow lay of his ears shot away, and Frederick there stark in death with seven bul- was severely wounded through the let holes in his breast so closely muscle connecting the shoulder and grouped as not to occupy a space the left arm, which came near mak- larger than the palm of the hand. ing him drop his gun which was held They buried him near the mouth of on that shoulder by that hand. a run, which to this day is called Drooping suddenly forward in order Crow's run. His grave was also lo- to secure his gun, his comrades cated beneath the shade of a large thought he was falling and supposed beach tree of very dense foliage. his wound fatal. They all broke and Upon this tree they cut the name. ran for life. Fred was the hindmost, age and date of the death of John and after getting, as he supposed, Crow. It stood there a living mionu- well away, and hearing nothing of ment of this thrilling incident until his pursuers, he pulled off some a few years ago, when some ignorant sassafras leaves and was engaged in or ruthless axman deadened it that chewing them and applying them to he might gain a pittance by the in-- 82 creased productiveness of the little limits it will not transcend. Evei. graveyard. One would very natural- the tombs of the patriotic fathers are ly suppose that to any mind suscepti- laid tribute to the god of this world. ble of a noble thought or sympathetic In my next I shall give the only feeling, the silent injection of that authentic and correct account ever sacred inscription would be, "Axman, published of the familiar and awfully spare this tree." But, alas, no. An tragic massacre of the Crow sisters. inordinate greed for gain knows no L. K. Evans.

Massacre of the Crow Sisters The first day of May, 1791, judg- and chaotic. The stream is turbu- ing from all the evidence at my dis- lent and rockbound; the high hill posal, was as pleasant and delightful steep and rugged. It was a wildly as May days only know how to be. picturesque solitude, such as poets The family of Jacob Crow were en- are wont to associate with ways that joying health and prosperity and are dark and deeds that are foul. peace. And as its various members The brother had scarcely gone from sallied forth that lovely morning no view, when two hideous savages and thought of danger entered the minds a heartless renegade by name of- of any. Each one partaking of the Spicer emerged from the covert of a spirit and serenity which seemed to large slab of rock, which now, as envelop all nature around, apparent- then, still stands on edge about ly gave way to the very abandon- twenty feet from the bank of the ment of repose and security. creek. They motioned the girls to The young man Michael had start- silence, and led them captive, ed early to Lindley's Fort to recover cautiously yet hurriedly away up that a horse that had strayed back to a mountain side, a distance of five former owner. During the afternoon hundred yards, to a secluded ravine. four of his sisters, Elizabelh, across which there was a fallen tree. Susanna, Katharine and Christina, The road is now located near this from ten to sixteen years of age,- fateful spot. Here all were seated set out on a pleasure expedition, in- upon that fallen trunk. Whilst toil- tending to visit the family of Thomas ing up that rugged hill, Elizabeth, Lazear, father of the Hon. Jesse as opportunity permitted, exhorted Lazear, residing on lands now owned her younger sisters to say their pray- by Thomas Gray. The primary ob- ers and prepare for death. ject of the girls being diversion and recreation, they loitered along the After making sundry inquiries of creek and asmused themselves with the girls as regards the location of whatever chanced to attract their the settlement, its means of defense, curiosity. About one and a half &c., one of the Indians took a hand miles from home, they discovered a of each of the two youngest sisters in large shad-bellied snake in the one of his, and with uplifted toma- stream, of a species now said to be hawk, prepared to deal the blow of extinct in those waters. This they death. Christina, perceiving the fear- crippled, and were engaged in teas- ful intent, gave a sudden and power- ing it and watching its movements, ful jerk, released herself from his when their brother Michael came grasp, and ran wildly down the hill. riding down the creek. He called to The Indian pursued, and when he the youngest sister and invited her got within reach he gave her such a to get up behind him and ride back furious jab in the back with the home. But she declined, saying she muzzle of his gun as sent her whirl- would stay till her sisters were ready ing headlong down the acclivity. to return. So he gaily rode away. Confident that he had disabled her Just at this place the scene is wild from all possibility of escape, he re- 83 turned to aid in the bloody massacre whilst passing hastily through the of the other three girls. Christina, dense thicket in quest of Christina, however, immediately recovering who had eluded his fury. The scalp from the stunning fall, and casting a was stitched into its wonted place, look backward, saw one of the In- but the wound had become so irritat- dians strike Elizabeth three terrible ed and the scalp so sun dried that it blows before he succeeded in knock- would not again adhere. ing her down. Christina then incited Both the dead and the dying were by the terror of the frightful oc- speedily removed to their desolated casion, darted away with marvelous home. There are in that immediate speed; and escaped to tell the awful vicinity several ancient mounds sup- story of the tragic fate of her sisters. posed to contain the bones of some Now the dread alarm was sounded former race long since extinct. Near loud and far. Now in wild confusion one of these a grave was prepared. the settlers all made rapid flight for The vault was lined with puncheons. Lindley's Fort. Jacob Teagarden, Into this rude coffin the two girls al- then a lad of ten years old, was set ready dead were tenderly laid. An- astride a horse and sent twelve miles other broad puncheon, hewn for the away to Enlow's Block House for a purpose, covered the vault, and the force of armed men. grave was filled with earth. Next morning a company was or- Thus these two sisters, who had ganized, and repairing to the place of been "lovely and pleasant in their death, beheld a spectacle, the like cf lives, in their death were not divid- which frenzied the men as such a ed." Katharine survived in terrible crime only could have done. There torment for three days. Then, re- lay Lizzie and Susan literally butch- leased by death, she too was laid in ered-mangled-dead-scalped. But a similarly constructed tomb along Katharine was not there. Soon, side her two sisters. however, traced by stains of blood. When John, a favorite son, had she was discovered near the water'., been cruelly and unprovokedly killed edge, whither she had crept to slake by these demons of men, the home of her feverish thirst. She too had Jacob Crow was made a house of been hewn down by the fierce and in- mourning; and now again with furiated savages, her scalp torn oif, three-fold intensity had these in- and left for dead. And weltering in carnate fiends redesolated those her gore she lay all that dreary, ter- bleeding hearts. But while the rible night, unconscious of her three loved ones lay silent in death, wretched state. Next morning, it was a solace and a cause of deepest awakened to consciousness by the gratitude that the other had, almost "gobbling" of the wild turkeys, she miraculously, escaped. Since they found herself writhing beneath the had met such fearful fate, it was a scorching rays of a cloudless sun. gratifying feature that one wa.s and almost perishing of thirst. She spared to relate the manner of their was tenderly removed to the shadow taking off. Christina lived to woman- of a large oak, which, but little hood, and became the good wife of changed, yet remains in a patch of John McBride. She had saved her bottom land a few rods down the scalp, but she carried between her creek. Here she revived somewhat, shoulders to the day of her death the and faintly related what little she re- print of the muzzle of the Indian's membered of the terrible affair, and gun. gently chided her brother Michael, Of this most horrible massacre saying: "I thought you would have there have been numerous published come to me sooner." It was regard- accounts. But all that I have seen ed as a very remarkable fact that her were of the most generalizing charac- scalp was hitched on a haw bush but ter-none of them pretending to nar- a few steps from the rock. I suppose rate particulars, and what is most it was drawn from the Indian's belt strange, though the traditions are sc 84 well and minutely preserved all pre- who still possess the land. vious writers have been so egregious- In the next sketch, in addition to ly misled as regards the facts. The some genealogical notes, will be a re- version as given in this sketch may lation of another very interesting be regarded as strictly authentic, as tradition concerning Michael Crow, it has been gathered by laborious re. which is familiar to many, yet fully search through the lineal descendants understood by few. L. K. Evans.

The Crow Family Some years after the murderous the trail and did not follow it far till calamity narrated in my last sketch they came to where they had camped there was a log rolling at Jacob for the night. But they, too, had (row's, or at a neighbor s in the im- taken an early start, and were now mediate vicinity. Both Michael Crow gone no telling how far away. So and his sister Christina were at the our heroes abandoned the pursuit frolic-Michael assisting in the field and returned to their homes. They and Christina in the cookery. During kept closed mouths and never the afternoon the travelers, a white breathed to any mortal either the man and an Indian riding very fine object, the result or the intent of horses called at the house and de- their adventure. sired something to eat, both for themselves and their beasts. Whilst Then as now Dame Rumor and there Christina recognized them as of Madam Gossip were trumpet-tongued. the party who had so inhumanly Curiosity begat suspicion, and suspi- murdered her sisters and also at- cions the most extravagant conjec- tempted her own life. As soon as tures, and very soon the report was they departed she repaired to the current that Michael Crow had un- clearing and told her brother Michael questionably avenged his sister's of the discovery she had made. He blood by mysteriously killing and had a moment's hurried conference concealing the two suspicious way- with a confidential friend, and theil fareing men that had been seen pass- the two young men took their' leave ing through the settlement. of the other workmen upon the plea At this time a treaty of peace had of a business necessity. been negotiated, by which the Ohio river had been recognized as the Having equipped themselves with legal and rightful line of division be- the necessary articles for a short tween the aborigines and the fron- campaign, they lost no time in strik- tiersmen. Each party appeared to be ing the trail of the suspicious strang- on its good behavior and would ers. They followed on with rapid likely be held responsible for any ag- pace till night fall and continued gression or breach of confidence. their pursuit some distance in the And it was to the interest of the night in the hope that the object of settlement to be cautious that no pre- their search had gone into camp and text might be afforded the over-sen- could thus be overtaken. But having sitive and unscrupulous redmen for reached a point nearing Jackson's inaugurating anew their terrible visi- fort, Michael and his comrade con- tations of rapine and murder. cluded to give over the chase, and Hence, in consequence of the wide- encamp themselves. Next morning spread report above alluded to and very early they started on the return (he resultant excitement the story march. They soon discovered that produced, the civil magistrates had they had missed the trail. At length Michael Crow arrested and held to they came to the mouth of a ravine answer the very grave charge of up which the strangers had gone the dealing foully with those men; and evening before. Again they struck had it not been satisfactorily proven 85 that the very identical fellows had tate, an unsullied character and an reappeared on the Ohio river, it is honest name. thought that Michael would have There is a tradition to the effect been in a very awkward predicament. that Martin Crow was a very noted But when that fact was established hunter and famous Indian fighter. the news-mongers subsided and the He warred upon the savages as a pro- -ten days' wonder" lost its interest. fession, both from principle and But there are those yet who shake from pleasure. They had with their heads wisely and construe the fiendish malevolence invaded the tradition of the exploded rumor as a sanctity of his home and committed tradition of fact, and gravely boast unprovoked the most brutal outrages, that "Mike Crow did go a hunting, which burned into his soul an un- and that two other men were never governable hatred, and made him a afterward seen or even heard of." sworn foe for life. He studied their What was his intent in making the mode of warfare and, becoming ex- vain pursuit or what he might have pert in all their cunning strategy, done had he overtaken the reputed would add the superior intelligence murderers of his three devoted sis- and tact of his own fertile brain, and ters, can only be a matter of conjec- thereby proved more than a match ture. But we do know that he dearly for any red skin. It is said that he and with partiality loved his brother would get in the woods and attack a John, who fell a victim to the treach- party of Indians and then maneuver ery and infamy of the Indians. v e from tree to tree, as with the top do know that upon the occasion oL men in a game of chess, till they the hellish murder of his innocenL either bit the dust or ingloriously and artless sisters that his injured withdrew from the fight. The only soul was seared with an intense time he ever yielded the ground was hatred to this heartless foe and like on an occasion when he ran out of Hannibal on an occasion of leso bullets. enormity, swore eternal vengeance on Frederick Crow, likewise, was a the perpetrators of the monstrous noted soldier in the dark and danger- deeds. ous days, and I find from the records He was a frontiersman in all that of the Supreme Executive Council of pertains to the position or that is im- the State that an order was authoriz- plied in the term. From the earliest ed to be drawn on the 2nd of Novern- childhood he was schooled in tihe ber, 1787, in favor of the Lieutenant- hardships and dangers and privations of Washington county for 27 pounds, of border life, and trained in the 2 shillings and 6 pence to be paid to school of adventure. His costume Frederick Crow, Stephen Gapen, Wil- was that of the scout, and his man- liam Crawford, Jesse Vanmeter, ner and equipage conformed thereto. Peter Clawson and others, for their There are those yet living who re- services in watching the movements member of having seen him in full of Indians and protecting the fron- hunter's and adventurer's dress and tiers in the year 1782. say to the modern eye, it was most On March 29, 1789, an order was grotesque, coarse and frightful. authorized in favor of Abner Brad- We have already seen that Jacob dock and Francis Braddock for 7 Crow was the father of Fred and pounds, 9 shillings and 10 pence, for Martin, John and Michael. His militia services from the 8th of April daughters, as far as I have been able to the 8th of May, 1788. to trace them, were Elizabeth, Susan- Michael, of whom much has been na, Katharine, Christine, Mary and told in these sketches, and who in- Esther. Mary married Hiram Gray: herited the old homestead, married Esther married Jacob Zollars. The Nancy Johnson and was the father of old man died in 1823-above ninet- ten children: William, John, Jacob. years old-and bequeathed to poster- Michael, Nancy, Mary, Elizabeth, ity, besides an extensive landed es- Margaret, Susan and Charlotte. 86 About the year 1845 he and his son is our worthy and accomplished Profes- Michael built the popular mill now young friend, John M. Crow, Col- so widely known as "Crow's Mill." sor of Languages in Waynesburg offices He died in 1852, having lived his lege, and through whose kind whole life of 83 years on the same I have gathered much of the informa- farm. tion detailed in these sketches. few if any and Jaco.b, now Greene county had His sons, Michael and I inherit portions of the earlier settlers than the Crows, old men, still family who experi- Jacob Crow lands. Michael know of no other original hardship and actual the home farm upon which the enced as much owns the fury of the malig- fort stood, and upon which the suffering from old There are few families now stands. Jacob owns an ad- nant savages. mill been more prolific of pos- joining tract, and lives about a mile who have none, perhaps, who have half below the mill. Michael terity, and and a a purer record as to married Sarah Jane Lucas, and is the transmitted industry and hospitality. father of nine children, among whom honesty,

Greensboro and Albert Gallatin Stone, Clear, Walnut, Minor The ancient village of Greensboro mond, and County. is situated on the west bank of the Among the earliest settlers of Monongahela about three miles be- Greensboro was an enterprising but John Ba dolet, the mouth of Dunkard creek. eccentric Frenchman, low through the that was and who was appointed, Being the point on the river of the Hon. John accessible to the recommendation the most central and one of the first Associate along the Dunkard Minor, early settlements upon the organization of the Whiteley valleys, it long Judges and the Big county in 1796. Judge Badolet mi- unrivaled celebrity as a enjoyed grated west shortly after and left no post and boating port. ft trading line of posterity in the county. was the starting point for all western 1807 a glass factory bound parties. Canoes and rafts and In the year three-fourths of a flat boats were constantly fitting out. was established with emigrants mile below the town, which added and leaving freighted to the adventurers into the inviting much business and reputation and which involves of Ohio, Indiana and Ken- place, the history of regions of Albert Galla- In this way it had gained a biographical sketch tucky. worthiest and most wide-spread notoriety as a place or tin, one of the public men of that, or business long before it was laid ou. distinguished plotted as a town. any other age. and was born at Geneva, The tract of land which it occupies Mr. Gallatin and was pat- Switzerland, on the 29th day of Jan- was called "Delight," orphan and Elizabeth, uary, 1761. He was left an ented to Elias Stone the kind in 1787. On the 31st day in his infancy, but through his wife, relative of his 1791, he had the site of the offices of a female of May, a thorough educa- surveyed and plotted into mother received town at the University of eighty lots, each containing sixty tion, graduating feet wide. Geneva in 1779. His family friends perches, with streets forty im- appropriated for were very wealthy and deeply Lot No. 60 was aristocratic at the discretion of the in- bued with the ancient public use contrary, young and is on the corner of prejudices. On the habitants espoused Republican- Third and County streets. The names Albert ardently at the age of 19, without of the streets, beginning at the river ism, and of his relatives, set out are Water, Front, Second, Third and the consent a companion of like sentiments, Fourth. The cross streets are Dia- with 87 to seek freedom and fortune in the known to relate that he was told by infant American Republic. He Thomas Ritchie, the distinguished landed in Boston in July 1780, and editor of the Richmond Enquirer, proceeded thence to Maine, where he that the disconsolate mother-in-law purchased some land, and served as a once hailed him as he was passing volunteer under Col. John Allen, along the street to say, whilst ring- contributing from his private purse ing her hands with grief, "that it for the support of the garrison. In was too much for poor human nature the spring of 1782 he was appointed to bear-the idea of my daughter instructor in the French language at eloping with that stoop-shouldered, Harvard University, where he re- long-nosed babboon of a French- mained about a year. In the fall of man." She little dreamed of the 1783 he went to Richmond, Virginia, distinction to which her despised to attend to some business for a Eu- son-in-law was to attain. ropean House, which had given it in December, 1785, he purchased credit to that state, where he became his plantation near New Geneva. He intimately acquainted with Patrick lived tor a number of years in a log Henry, Thomas Jefferson, and other cabin near the river, but some time prominent men of the State and Na- between the years 1813 and 1823 he tion. This intimacy ripened into an caused a splendid mansion to be appreciation of his talents and ster- built on "Friendship Hill," a beauti- ling integrity which steadily lifted ful, wild and picturesque pine-clad him out of his comparative obscurity eminence, over-looking the placid and placed him on the highway to Monongahela, about two miles south fame. of Greensboro, in Fayette county. During his sojourn in Richmond. it was a unique stone palace elabor- not only the groundwork for his so- ated with all the apartments and or- cial and political distinction was be- namentations that an oriental genius ing laid, but the way to future do- could then design. The architecture mestic felicity was also made mani- was so supremely odd to this region fest. The private boarding establish- as to create the greatest curiosity. ment in which he had sought and The work was very enduring, and procured suitable lodging was pre- much of it still stands, though very sided over by a clever widow and her much modified in arrangement and most beautiful and accomplished appearance by recent repairs and im- daughter. In the course of time he provements. The lands in rear of thk became captivated by this young dwelling are exceedingly level and lady, sought her hand, and notwith- dry, and were covered with a natural standing his homely physique, (for grove, which he ornamented and he was reported to be supremely beautified by the appliances of art ugly), he was accepted. But the till the place wore the appearance of mother interposed such violent ob- some fairy land. Here he lived and jections to the match on account of enjoyed all that the world can give his disagreeable features. his being. of happiness and renown till about a stranger. &c., that the young the year 1826, when he removed to couple found it necessary to plan an New York. elopement, which was duly executed. Sometime in the intervening years Acting upon'the frequent and urgent his wife died, and left him childless. suggestions of his confidential friend, She was buried in the woods in a Patrick Henry. he soon after re- beautiful spot on top the river hill moved west and purchased a con- just opposite Dunkard Ripple. But siderable tract of land in the State of the grave was never marked by any Virginia. Pertinent to this bit of monument, or tombstone, or epitaph, vivid romance in the life of the il- "sacred to her memory." And this lustrious statesman, the late Hon. fact has occasioned much comment John L. Dawson, whose heirs now and conjecture and suspicion in ref- own the Gallatin property, war erence to the domestic relations of 88 in the Mr. Gallatin, and out of which tie the night at a popular tavern monger manufactured and mountain known as "Tomlinson's scandal of some traditions of no Old Stand," and having partaken transmitted wayside inn very complimentary character to the such refreshments as the affections of the great statesman for afforded, his attention was attracted room. On his bosom companion. But I am by singing in an adjoining to be able to controvert this inquiring he learned that the singers happy glass idea by the tollowing authentic state- were a company of German Litmestone. ment. Mr. William Boughner, of blowers on their way to from whom I obtain now Maysville, Kentucky, designing Greensboro, to en- of the information in this to establish themselves there much glass. informs me that the late Ed- gage in the manufacture of sketch, and ward Bradmley, of Brownsville, re- He at once sought their chamber was laced to himn the following facts: after listening till their music German "' vhen I was a boy I went with Mr. done, which consisted of a hunting, or rather I went Lutheran hymns, engaged them in Gallatin the to turn the squirrels for him, conversation, for he could speak along as carry them after he had shot German language as fluently and they them. On our way home we passed French or English. He found Gallatin's grave. We sat down had left Monocacy, (now Frederick Mrs. as on a log close by to rest. He remain- City) Maryland, with the intent ed musing for a long time without above narrated. With characteristic great speaking a word. Turning to me. he shrewdness, and exercising he drew their said: "ihere lies one of the best and foresight and wisdom, purest women God ever made. I attention to the superior advantages enterprise. would have erected a monument to of New Geneva for the enterprise her memory, only she requested me He showed his faith in the to do so, preferring that har by proposing to take a large amount not all his grave should not be so marked. Sh_ of stock. He brought to bear and per- that I would know where she great reasoning, descriptive said much was laid, and to the rest of the world. suasive powers, and finally so to secure an as- it was of little importance." In this impressed them as visit connection I digress to remark thfat surance that they would first the necessary Mr. Gallatin, later in life, married a New Geneva and make daughter of Commodore Nicholson of observations to a rational conclusion. back to his New Geneva. He then wrote a letter them well and and manager to entertain The culture, talent, wealth effort to induce him use every possible position of Mr. Gallatin endued New Geneva and in them to locate at with an influence almost supreme much considera- he first ar- giving the matter the community. When were favorably impressed of George's creek, tion. They rived at the mouth with the facilities for manufacturing village located there was the thriving and exporting glass at that point; Wilson's Port, a very graceful called but decided to send a committee of of its founder, a maln name, and that three of their number to examine and repute. But Mr. Gallatin in fine report upon the sight contemplated to show his affectionate at- wishing in Kentucky before they would make for the city of his nativity, tachment a final decision. The three proceeded on calling the town of his insisted down the river in a "piroque," or New Geneva; and his whim adoption canoe. to Maysville, made their ob- was gratified. returned, polling their of Thomas servations and During the early part the way up the Ohio term, and little craft all Jefferson's presidential Monongahela against the cur- Gallatin was Secretary of and while Mr. distance of about 500 miles. he was on his way to rent, a the Treasury, Upon their arrival it was decided to the Government, on horse the seat of Mr. Gallatin's proposition and the best mode of conveyance accept back, go into operation at New Geneva, the then in vogue. Having put up for 89 advantages, all things considered, be- before making a final settlement in ing regarded as superior. They se- New York. lected a point on George's creek, As a fitting close to this sketch, it three-fourths of a mile from its is due to say that the party of Ger- mouth, and erected what is now man glass-blowers induced by Mr. known as the "Old Glass Works," Gallatin to establish a glass factory and this was the first glass factory on George's creek consisted of Chris- ever established west of the Alle- tian and Baltzer Kramer, Adolphus gheny mountains. Here they en- Eberhart, Lewis Reitz and joyed the greatest facilities for the Gabler, all of whom are still rep- business, manufactured largely, resented about Greensboro by a long made an excellent article and found line of respectable descendants, and a ready market at remunerative most of whom the author hereof has prices. The company prospered. l1 known intimately all his life. the year 1807 the factory was moved On the Fayette side of the river a over to Greene county, three-fourths short distance below Greensboro is a of a mile below Greensboro, Mr. Gal- curiosity which has elicited the at- latin still retaining his interest in tention of all classes. I have refer- the concern. However, becoming en- ence to the Pictured Rock. The gaged in more important affairs, he numerous tracks and shapes found subsequently sold his interest in the impressed or carved upon that rock factory to the Kramers. Here the have furnished a theme of conjecture business was successfully conducted and speculation for over a hundred for many years and was still in oper- years. Many claim that they are ation within the recollection of the "footprints" of the ages and award author of these sketches, who has them a geological origin; whilst the hauled many a cord of wood to thcl sceptical shake their heads and at- works. Mr. Gallatin sold his place tribute them to the artistic skill of at New Geneva about the year 1820 an Indian sculptor. I would respect- to a French gentleman of fortune by fully suggest to the Waynesburg and the name of Malier, who built a large T,'onongahela colleges, that a scien- and valuable steam mill property at tific examination be made and if suf- New Geneva, and projected sundry ficient merit be accorded them, that other enterprises. After disposin- specimens be secured for their re- of his New Geneva home, Mr. Galla- spective cabinets. tin resided for a time in Baltimore L. K. Evans.

Albert Gallatin I propose to devote this sketch to which could carry but four bushels the political life of Albert Gallatin. of rye could convey the product of In the year 1795 we find him figuring twenty-four bushels when distilled. conspicuously in the serious compli- It therefore became the most prac- cations of the Whisky Rebellion. In tical medium of exchange the settlers palliation of and apology for our could adopt. Hence any excise law forefathers for their misguided pa- was odious to them as a tax upon triotism in this transaction it should their very necessaries. Again, it be remembered that there was no should be remembered that they had home market for surplus grain. just emerged from a long and bloody That there were no roads or means of war, which was incited principally by transportation by which it could be the oppressive Stamp Act of old Eng- exchanged for the necessaries es- land, which those immediately inter- sential to the comfort of the people, ested regarded as scarcely more in- and for those reasons it was convert- tolerant than an excise law on ed into whisky. For a pack-horse whisky. So distasteful and repug- 90 nant was the principle, and so much more serious matter than it derogatory to the interest of the in- had before appeared. habitants west of the mountains, It seems, however, that this com- that the excise law of the State fell as mittee of sixty met at Redstone, on a dead letter. Its enforcement was the 28th day of August, and it was found to be impracticable, and was during this meeting that the lawless therefore repealed. Muddy Creek boys made their attack Unfortunately just at this juncture on Samuel Jackson, the obnoxious of affaffirs the U. S. Treasury, as a Quaker exciseman. "It is said that measure to replenish the Treasury, the meeting was opened by a long, suggested to Congress the propriety sensible and eloquent speech by Mr. of an excise on distilled spirits. In Gallatin in favor of law and order," conformity to this suggestion a law which carried the Committee by a laying a tax of four pence per gallon vote of 34 to 23 in favor of submis- was placed by Congress, on the 3rd sion on the terms prescribed by the of March, 1791. The member from Government. As an evidence of the Fayette county, Mr. Smiley, and the kind of stuff Mr. Gallatin was com- member from Westmoreland, Mr. posed of, it is only necessary to con- Wm Findley, opposed the measure sider that such was the fear of the with all their powers; and when they popular frenzy that it was with the returned to their constituents, disap- utmost difficulty a vote could bb proved of it openly and earnestly. taken. Few had the daring to write And it is said that Mr. Gallatin op- a "yea" lest his handwriting should posed the law by all constitutional be recognized. At last they hit upon methods. For the principle enunci- the expedient that yea and nay ated by Congress in 1774 that an should both be written by the Secre- "excise law was the horror of all free tary on the same slip of paper and States" was the popular sentiment of distributed thus to the Committee, the times. Mr. Gallatin represented allowing each to chew up or other- Fayette county on all important oc- wise destroy one word, while he de- casions, and served upon her conm- posited the other in the box as an ex- mittees, and while not approving the pression of his actual sentiment. odious law, opposed all warlike and On account of party strife or other treasonable measures, and his course cause it is said that General Hamil- was sustained by a majority of the ton, the Secretary of the Treasury at citizens of his county. He was Secre- that time, conceived a deep seated tary of a meeting of 260 delegates antipathy to Mr. Gallatin, and that which met at Parkinson's Landing i: ,t the close of the Whisky Rebellion 1794. The standing commItree of ait the instance of the former the lat- 60, of which Mr. Gallatin was a ter was arrested and tried for treason prominent member, met and ad- by a military could martial, but was journed to meet at Brownsville on triumphantly acquitted. the 2nd of September. His great ob- Mr. Gallatin early became widely ject was to gain time and restore and favorably known as a man of no quietness, and thus allay the turbu- ordinary ability, and in 1789 he was lent passions of the masses. Though honored with a seat in the Conven- a foreigner, says Judge Wilkinson, tion to amend the Constitution of the who could with difficulty make hi.m- State. He became distinguished with self understood in English, he pre- all parties in the Legislature for his sented with great force the folly of ready comprehension of great ques- past resistance, and the ruinous con- tions. especially those relating to sequences to the country of the con- finance. and in February. 1793. not- tinuance of the insurrection. He withstandinz he expressed doubts as urged that the country was able and to his eligibility, he was elected to would certainly vindicate the laws. the United States Senate by a Legis- He placed the subject in a new light, lature politically opposed to him. and showed that their conduct was a When he took his seat in December 91 the question of his citizenship was few brighter intellects than Albert revived and, after an elaborate ex- Gallatin." amination and discussion, it was de- On retiring from the Cabinet in cided by a strict party vote in Febru- 1813, he entered upon a diplomatic ary, 1794, that he was ineligible be- career in Europe as one of the Com- cause he had not been nine years a missioners at Ghent in negotiating legally naturalized citizen. In the the peace with Great Britain. Soon fall of 1794 he was elected to the afterward he was associated with State Legislature and along with all Adams and Clay at London in the other Representatives from Fay- negotiating the commercial treaty ette, Washington, Allegheny and with that power. He continued in Westmoreland counties, was not ad- Europe as an ambassador at Pari: mitted on the ground that these until 1823. He was again Minister counties were in such a disturbed to England in 1826. On his return condition that no just and fair ex- he stopped awhile in Baltimore, and pression of the people could be se- then took up his residence in New cured at the election. He was re- York, where he was president of elected, however, and continued, I "The National Bank" for a number believe from year to year until 1796, of years. inclusive. In this year he was also Mr. Gallatin lived in New York elected by the District composed o0 City many years before the close oi Allenghey, Washington and Greene, his life as a private citizen, and en- though not a resident, to represent joyed the coniidence and gratitude of it in the National Congress-a com- the nation. He died in 1849 at the pliment vouchsafed to but few of ou' ripe old age of 88 years, and though public men. And it is said that i he seems to have passed quietly from was done so quietly and with such the stage of action, as to worldly unanimity that he did not even know pageantry, "unhonored and unsung,' he was a candidate until apprized there is no public man of our illus- of his election. He was reelected (,o trious dead more truly enshrined in Congress b the same District in 1798, the affections of all readers of his- over Hugh H. Breckinridge, a worthy tory. opponent of his own party, who wa. The following characteristic anec- a resident of Washington county. dote was told of Mr. Gallatin by the He served three successive terms in Hon. John L. Dawson with great Congress, and was distinguished as a merriment: He left his home in th} leader of his party. He was ap- early days of his experience (t pointed Secretary of the Treasury oi Friendship Hill to go to the salt. the General Government by President works on the Kanawha river to pro- Jefferson in the year 1801, and cure a supply of that necessary served continuously twelve years, article. Much of the way consisted being continued through six years of of a single path cut through the President Madison's ter.m. His dense woods and thickets. He had career as Secretary of the Treasury equipped himself with five horse!s was a crowning success. To his able caparisoned with pack saddles. He financiering are the people indebted rode one and drove the other four for the liquidation of the enormous single file before him. On his return debt incurred in the prosecution of trip he met a man somewhere in the the War of the Revolution. In one southwest part of Greene county, of his official reports, which were near the site of Blacksville. As was models of clearness and conciseness, the custom of the times, the stranger he originated the project of the halted and enjoyed an occasion of the National road. Mr. Fichie, the Rich- most familiar social chat, to learn mond editor referred to in my las: any news of interest that either sketch, remarked also to the Hon. might be in possession of. It ap- John L. Dawson that "in all his inter- pears that during Mr. Gallatin's ab- course with public men, he had met sence an important political conven- 92 tion was to be held some where in and children-were there to pay him his district to nominate a candidate their respects and express their for some important office before gratitude for his unselfish devotion which Mr. Gallatin's name was ex- to our Revolutionary cause. Greens- pected to be presented. He was boro and Greene county were repre- therefore solicitous for information sented in force, and many a Revolu- as to the result. And he inquired of tionary veteran pressed through the the stranger if he had any news from surging crowd to shake the hand of the convention. The stranger, who the gallant old French General. had been down the river at Greens- Among them was Adolphus Eberhart, boro on a trading expedition, replied, Sr., of Greensboro. Upon grasping "I heard them say down there that a Lafayette's hand he exclaimed, "God man by name of Gallatin was nom- bless you, General, I helped to carry inated, and, stranger, they do say you off the field at the battle of that he is the d-st ugliest man in Brandywine, when you were wound- the district." "Get up, Ned!" was ed." "And God bless you," said Gallatin's exclamation, and the two Lafayette, "I recognize you as one men parted as they met, without of the three men who bore me from either knowing the name of the the field on that eventful day;" and other. with clasped hands they both stood General Lafay- speechless for several moments, and In the year 1824, incident which ette revisited the United States and tears, awakened by an with the occurred fifty years before, traced was everywhere greeted of each. most passionate enthusiasm. In the down the furrowed cheeks he paid a visit to This Mr. Eberhart was one of the summer of 1825, creek glass his distinguished countryman, Albert original party of Georges Hill. The blowers and was the father of the Gallatin, at Friendship now people at Greensboro extended him a Rev. Albert Gallatin Eberhart, them and of Illinois. Lafayette remained over cordial invitation to visit and it is said made the most elaborate preparations night at Friendship Hill streets were that upon retiring, he was wrapped for his reception. The "Stars and thoroughly cleaned-even swept with by Mr. Gallatin in the end to the other. Stripes," and that the relics of the brooms from one old flag are still pre- But for lack of time the distinguished identical brave become their served in the old Gallatin mansion. gentleman did not long may euest. But he stopped for a short "The Star Spangled Banner village tavern in New it wave time at the the Free and the Geneva-the house now owned and O'er the land of Yeager, Esq. All home of the Brave." occupied by George L. K. Evans. the country around-men, women

Lot Leonard William Leonard migrated from the King of England, a Justice of the Holland to the state of New Jersey Court of the Province of New Jersey. so early in the settlement of Amer- About the year 1748, his son Lot ica, it is said, that he came into the was born, of whose youthful experi- possession of the lands now occupied ence in the state of New Jersey there by the city of Princeton, which he are still some interesting traditions. left by will as a legacy to his male He is said to have been an extremely descendants forever, making it a con- active and agile boy. Once while out dition that title should never pass in the woods in search of the horses, out of the name, but should be trans- he heard the bells and was approach- mitted from generation to generation ing the sound When he discovered for all time. He was appointed by that the ringing was a decoy of a 93 couple of Indians who had taken the Hoge, (who was a sister of Thomas bells from the horses. Both Indians Hoge, the father of the late John fired on him, but without effect. He Hoge with whom many of us were betook himself to flight, but found acquainted,) moved to these parts himself hemmed in by a deep ravine and took up tomahawk improve- which it was necessary to cross in ment the tract of land known as the order to get away from the Indians. Caldwell Houlsworth property, on Arriving on a cliff of rocks some which Houlsworth's mill now stands twenty feet high he threw away his -including the Still Smith farm and gun and made a desperate leap land- other adjoining lands. This was ing in the brush and a collection of about the year 1769. His brother leaves below, without injury. The Benjamin came out with him, but Indians were amazed at the venture settled finally on Pigeon Creek, in and dared not follow. So he Washington county. clambered up the opposite bank and Lot Leonard lived here the re- made his escape. mainder of his days and died at the On the next day he got his brother advanced age of 100 years, lacking Amos to go with him to find the just one month. He reared a family horses. Now Amos was a queer kind of seven children-William, John, of a genius. So reserved and reticent Lot, Isaac, and George, who is still that it was with difficulty that an living in Ohio; and Nancy, who mar- answer could be got out of him. ried her cousin Joseph Leonard, and Having found the horses a long way Lea, who is still living at the age of from home, they were proceeding 94 years, the widow of Joseph Ran- homeward, Amos in front of the dolph, dec'd, and mother-in-law of horses and Lot behind them. At that >x-Treasurer Samuel Bayard. day it was deemed necessary, on all Lot Leonard, Sr., married a second occasions, to keep the "eyes skinned" vife-Frances Willis by whom he for savages. Lot perceiving that had one daughter, who is the wife of Amos was proceeding carelessly David Bowser residing in Washington along, observed to him, "Amos, why county, not far from Clarksville. don't you watch?" He replied, Mr. Leonard was, as we shall see, "When I travel I have to walk." a very eccentric individual, but he But before the two boys got home was none the less enterprising and they were attacked by a panther. thrifty for all that. For he took up When discovered by Amos it was by tomahawk improvement a large close to hi,m in the act of crouching scope of country west of Waynesbut;' to leap upon him, when he made such including the John Hunter Vancleve a wild and terrible scream as fright- farm, the George Fry farm, the ened the animal away. This incident Samuel Crouse farm, a part of became the joke of the neighborhood Stephen Adamson's farm, the James -that "Amos Leonard had made a Throckmorton farm, and the farm noise in the world!" belonging to the Rush heirs. He In those days it was the custom to built a mill on the George Fry tract go armed to church. A portion of a half mile below where Crouse's mill the males with guns would precede, ntow stands,-relics of which and and the balance follow the women traces of the old mill dam and mill and children and thus guard them race are still visible. And there is a from the attacks of Indians or wild tradition that the old ,man was rid- beasts. On one occasion in the ex- ing down the creek one day with a perience of Lot Leonard, the party of sack of meal under him, when the worshipers were actually attacked Indians fired upon him, causing him by a band of savages which, after to drop his meal in the stream and some skirmishing, was driven off by "light out" for the fort below. the whites. On these lands and near this mill At the age of about 21 years Lot he settled his eldest son, William. Leonard, having married Elizabeth who married Frances, the eldest 94 daughter of William Whitlatch, a of which are very distinctly .marked neighbor of the old man's. by wood ashes and charcoal which Old Lot Leonard was a genius in constitute the soil. Years ago, with- his odd way. He was a great talker in the recollection of Mr. Crouse s and was gifted with a faculty of mak- sons, this feature of the soil was so ing rhyme, and composed many ec- unmistakable as to arrest the atten- centric snatches of doggerel verse of tion of the most casual observer. which quite a number found their The theory is that the camp fires way into print and had some features were lighted all round this enclosure of genuine merit. l-ie was radical in on occasions of jubilee, &c. all his notions, and carried his idea In various parts of that locality of republican freedom to such an ex- large flag stones have been found cess as to deny the right of either which bear evidence of having been church or state to restrict by rules ol shaped by human hands. lbeneath government the individual s liberty one of these an infant skeleton was to do just as he pleased. .he became discovered, which led to the conjec- a preacher and preached this pecui.a, ture that Indian children were thus Doctrine, was not attached ot course entombed. to any sect, but harrangued the The most remarkable feature of people upon his own responsibility. these antiquities, however, are the It is related of him that when relics of an ancient pottery. On the frequently requested to sing a song, bottom between the encampment and he would compose his rhymes and the creek are indications unmistaka- sing them right along to some popu- ble that a species of earthenware was lar air, and oftentimes administer once manufactured there. The large too, the most scathing rebukes amount of burnt clay and the numer- through the satire of his rude verses. ous pieces of vessels found there are His son William was the father 1o most substantial and convincing four children and died comparatively proof of this fact. The material used young and so suddenly as to create in the formation of this ware appear- some suspicions that he had been ed to be a mixture of ground or poisoned-of these, Lot died young, pounded muscle shells and common Nancy married Archibald Fordyce, clay. Scales of the shell are plainly John became a Methodist preacher, discernable in the fragments of ware had seven children, among whom is that have been examined. Besides Wmi. C. Leonard, one of the presenit these very interesting relics, many of county auditors; William became a the more common traces of the popular Disciple preacher, and is re- aborigines have been picked up in membered by many citizens of that neighborhood. Flint arrow Greene county. He removed with heads are numerous, and stone axes his family to the state of Michigan and other curiosities have been in 1865, and died there but recently. found. There are yet many descendants oL These are the facts, and they old Lot Leonard in Greene county- would scarcely bear any other inter- a frugal, industrious and respectable pretation than that some tribe of people. ancient people had sojourned there On the Samuel Crouse farm allud- for some considerable length of time. ed to above, still exist some relics of L. K. Evans. an interesting character. The placei was known by the early settlers as The following note explains itself: the "old Indian town." Mr. L. K. Evans: - You are in There are evidences that the In- error in stating in your last sketch dians or some prior race of intelli- that General Lafayette, during his gences once had a permanent en- visit to Albert Gallatin in 1825, stop- campment there. On a plateau or ped at the house now owned by Mr. table land a short distance from the G. Yeager. I belonged to a volunteer creek is a large circle, the outlines company called the Lafayette Guards, 95 officered as follows: Captain, Joseph the stone house now owned and occu- Wood; First Lieutenant, James pied by Dr. W. Greene. Nicholson; Second Lieutenant, Fred- It may be interesting further to erick Kaler; Orderly Sergeant, relate that Captain Wood's wife mus- Washington Custis. Lafayette and tered all the young ladies in the his son came to Geneva in a carriage. neighborhood and swept the streets The Guards escorted them to Mr. of Geneva, and stood in file on the Gallatin's, on Friendship Hill, and pavement and received the congratu- took dinner there. On his return lations of the General as he passed next day the General stopped awhile along, hat in hand, bowing and smil- with Mr. Gallatin's brother-in-law, ing in a most benignant manner. Mr. J. W. Nicholson, who occupied S. R. Dilliner, P. M. New Geneva, July 13, 1876.

Rev. John Corbly On the 25th of February, in the ful in the propagation of the pure year 1733, in old England, was born principles of Christianity as to excite John Corbly. He was, I presume, of the jealously and persecution of humble parentage for at 14 years of other sects. For devoutly maintain- age we find him pledging four years' ing the faith he was driven from post service for transportation across the to post, was misrepresented, arrested, sea to America. And it is recorded literally beaten with many stripes. of him that he faithfully served out and finally thrust like a culprit into his time somewhere in Pennsylvania. Cuipepper jail. Here he remained After this he went to Winchester, confined for many days, but his Virginia, where he made the ac- spiritual ardor was not thereby quaintance of Miss Abigail Bull, and abated. For he continued to preach hastened to marry her. Notwith- the unsearchable riches of the blood standing it is somewhere recorded of of Christ within his prison walls, and her that she was an ardent papist gained large audiences from those and proved a thorn in his side, his without who gathered to hear him descendants deny it very positively expound the gospel of peace through and aver that she belonged to the the prison bars. By this means he society of Friends or Quakers, and became exceedingly useful, for many that no serious difficulty was ever hleard him gladly and became con- known to exist between them. verted to Christ and joined them- He seems to have settled down in selves with the despised Baptists. Berkley county, Virginia, about the Imprisonment, instead of subserving time of his marriage or shortly there- the purpose of silencing him, but in- after, and soon became intimate with creased his popularity and influence. Elder John Garard, a very powerful Comprehending this his persecutors and zealous minister of the Baptist released him, but still they persisted persuasion. In conversation with in .maltreating him in every possible him Corbly became deeply concerned and malicious way. He was often about his soul's salvation. His con- threatened with death, and was fre- victions deepened which speedily re- quently taken from the pulpit, drag- sulted in his conversion and entire ged from place to place, and cruelly consecration. He was baptized by and brutally beaten. While under the Rev. Garard and became such an arrest he was at one time proffered ardent and efficient co-laborer in the his freedom providing he would de- cause of the Master that he was spe- sist from preaching, but he declined cially licensed to labor in the min- to accept the terms, choosing to istry. He soon became conspicuous suffer rather for Christ's sake. Such as a preacher, and proved so success. was the toleration of Christian and 96 free America one hundred years ago. Fort, North Ten Mile, known as the Such was the asylum afforded by old "Ridge" church, in Washington Virginia for the worship of Almighty county, Pigeon Creek, Prickets God under her vine and fig tree. Creek, Buchanan and others. The The exact date of Rev. Corbly's im- Rev. John Corbly was partially in- prisonment is not certainly known, strumental in planting all these nor for what length of time he en- churches between the years 1770 and dured these severe persecutions. 1800. But it is said that about the year As seen in a former sketch the 1768 he was tried and acquitted. first Baptist settlement in Greene Having conducted his own defense, county was on Muddy creek, by the he made such an impression on the Vanmeter family, in 1769. In the Governor that he was licensed to month of April, 1771, a meeting preach. In 1769 he was a delegate house was built near Garards Fort, from Mountain Run church, in Cul- and I presume about on the site oE pepper county, to the Ketockton As- the present neat and commodious sociation, of which body he was brick church, which is the fourth chosen clerk. house built on chat site for public About this time (1769) I presume, worship, and worship continued un- it was that he determined to leave der the ministrations of John Corbly, that field of strife and persecution who was as yet but a licentiate. on for a more congenial atmosphere On the 7th of November, 1773, a was will- the verge of civilization. He church was constituted, the Revs. ing to endure the privations of bor- Sutton and Daniel Fristoe of- of Isaac der life and brook the dangers ficiating, and called Goshen. The savage foes, in order that he might following thirty persons were its con- enjoy soul liberty and exercise free- stituent me.mbers: of conscience in religious things. dom Rollens, Benedict, in his history of the Jacob Vanmeter, Edward David Vanmeter, says that he became "the Abraham Vanmeter, John Baptists, Eastwood, Da- of Rev. John Sutton, and Benj. Underwood, - coadjutor (col'd. man), western Pennsylvania in vid Kenton, Bambo settled in Lambert, I am inclined, however, to Daniel Waychoff, Moses 1768." Minor, Alice that this date is a year or Michael Hahn, Alhalia the belief Isaac Sutton, two too early. Davis, Jacob Fraizy, Rebecca Rollens, I presume, also, about this time Letty Vanmeter, Vanmeter, Rebecca Van- his wife died, bequeathing to him the Rebecca Underwood, Mrs. - legacy of two little daughters-Mar- meter, Mrs. - Mary Kenton, Dinah, col- garet and Rachel-who no doubt Eastwood, Vanmeter, Thomas Min- a solace and co.mfort to him, ored, Benj. were Nancy Bowen, Re- see, became the go, Henry Crosby, and who, as we shall Abner Eastwood. mothers of two of the largest and becca Jenkins, most respectable and influential fam- Daniel Fristoe. ilies of Greene county. It is thought, On the 11th of December, 1773, however, that at least two other Jacob Vanmeter was elected the first children had been born to them but deacon and David Kenton, clerk, and were now dead. Contemporaneous to "raise the Psalms." Almost every with him were the Rev. Isaac Sutton, meeting accessions were received and Rev. James Sutton and Rev. John the congregation soon became a Sutton. They labored in their mis- strong and self-sustaining society. sion of love from settlement to settle- John Corbly was received into mem- ment. They established a church bership by letter of dismission and called Gr t_3ethel, on the present recommendation from the Mill Creek site of Uniontoiw as early as 177v. church in Virginia. An ordination The Peters Creek Baptist church was counsel was called at the Goshen gathered by them about the same church on the 10th day of June, time. Then followed Mount Moriah 1775, to ordain John Corbly a regu- at Smithfield, Goshen at Garards lar Christian minister. The Revs. 0 97 James and Isaac Sutton officiated. Rev. John Corbly, who was at that He also received the right hand of time a Justice of the Peace for the fellowship as the settled pastor of the State of Virginia. He marched them church, he having hitherto preached on by slow marches, preaching and as a supply-Rev. James Sutton hav- praying all the way, and did not ar- ing had nominal charge as pastor. rive till a day or two after the proper The year 1775 was denominated time. This was thought by many to "Tory year." It was a time when be intentional on the part of Mr. the fate of the young Republic was Corbly, who wished no man's life hanging in the balance. Misfortune taken for a mistaken policy. They and disaster with ominous fatality were pardoned, took the oath of al- were attending the arms of the strug- legiance to the State and returned to glin.g colonies. Discouragements and their families." The incidents serve vague apprehensions were insinu- to give a somewhat correct idea o' ating themselves into the stoutest the "true inwardness" of the ,man. hearts and most patriotic breasts. Sometime during these intervening The open enemies of the country be- years Mr. Corbly remarried. His gan to assert themselves, the disaf- second wife was Miss Elizabeth Ty- fected were avowing their allegiance ler, and is said to have been a very to the crown, and the wavering and amiable and estimable lady. The halting were ranging themselves in awful fatality that attended Lhe un- the ranks of the King. It was a life timely close of her temporal existence or death struggle and Rev. John will form the painful yet intensely Corbly being an ardent patriot and interesting theme of the next sketch. advocate of freedom, and a man of L. K. Evans. wide and great influence among the people, threw himself in the breach After Mr. Corbly had married Mizs and preached political freedom and Tyler he Fettled on an improvement, independence as the counterpart of now the estate of Mr. John Long, an untrammeled liberty of conscience, and the "humble parsonage" was and to maintain them a sacred re- located about on the site or Mr. ligious obligation. John Crawford, Long's present residence. Here they in his private memoir of the times, lived in peace and contentment for a says: "But at this time we had the number of years, multiplying and re- Rev. John Corbly settled among us. plenishing the earth till a family of His prayers and sermons tended to eight little responsibilities surround- re-animate the people. His preaching ed the family altar. It may be prop- was attended by large assemblies. er to narrate for the benefit of such Many would come ten miles to hear as are not acquainted with the situ- him. He represented our cause as ation, that Mr. Corbly's house was the cause of Heaven." located in the valley of a run which During these trying times it be- puts into Big Whiteley creek from came necessary in order to maintain the north side, just east of the vil- the supremacy of the government, to lage of Garards Fort, and about a declare martial law and make many half mile from the creek. It was military arrests in the community. about a half mile from the church By prompt action on the part of the and nearly a mile from the fort. friends of the government civil strife On the south side of the creek and was suppressed and fraternal blood- just opposite the mouth of the valley shed happily averted in this section. in which Mr. Corbly's family resided In reference to this subject Mr. i3 an abrupt elevation of great height. Crawford .makes the following ob- From this lofty eminence a distinct servation, "The most dangerous of view can be had not only up the val- these men-the arrested Tories- ley of Long's run, but over the entire were sent to Williamsburg, Va., in scope of beautiful table land sur- irons, to the number of sixteen or rounding the location of the fort. It eighteen, under the direction of the is one of God's own observatories 98 and might well be denominated Point of prayer. The savages, gloating Lookout. over the opportunity to slake their As there is a great deal of misap- thirst for blood, with bated breath prehension as to the exact locality of and muffled steps, hurry down the the historic spot upon which Garard's eastern declivity of that lofty height fort actually stood, I will remark into the deep gulch near Dr. Denny's that it was not on the generally sup- residence. They hastily cross the posed site, the bluff in Hon. Jonathan creek and cautiously file up the little Garard's meadows above the road as ravine past John Corbly Wright's we go down the creek just beyond. present premises toward the site of the barn. I believe there are some the old grave yard. decayed remnants of an old stable sticking out of the ground in view Meanwhile Mrs. Corbly discovers from the road, from sight of which that the bible entrusted to her care travelers jump to the conclusion that had been left behind, and her hus- they are relics of the fort. But this band, returns and procures it. He is all a delusion. The actual site of follows on, meditating as he goes that old fortification is about one- upon the gospel truths he expects eighth of a mile in the rear of Judge soon to expound. Suddenly a shriek Garard's residence, and if I remem- is heard that startles both the hus- ber correctly, in rather a north- band in the rear and Margaret at the easterly direction therefrom. There, fort. The Indians have intercepted on a delightful plateau, in the center the innocent and unprotected family. of a beautiful and picturesque valley and the mother has screamed for which widens out just there into re- help. Mr. Corbly is unarmed, but ho spectable proportion, an acre or two runs with great violence for the of land were enclosed with a system scene of death, vainly looking for a of cabins stockaded and palisaded club. His wife sees him approaching after the most approved plan of and beseeches him to escape. An fortifications of the day. Mr. Indian made after him with a gun. Corbly's two daughters by his first and seeing the odds too great he wife were married, and I am led to turned and fled, and meeting a conclude, were dwelling with their friend on horse back got up behind husbands within the fort, and I pre- lhim and escaped to the fort, hoping sume Priscilla, a daughter by his that his wife and children might bi second wife, was sojourning with taken pri,'oners and yet be retrieved them. But a very few moments dispelled It is sabbath morning-a calm and this hope. For a company at once beautiful and balmy 10th of May, proceeding to the fatal spot found 1782. The Rev. John Corbly and his That Nancy, the babe, had been torn family are at their morning devotions from its mother's bosom, its brains -the fort people are performing dashed out against a tree, and its their ablutions and preparing for tender scalp rudely torn off. The divine service, as preaching is to be mother was found reclining against within the fort that day. A party of the root of the tree breathing her Indians are on the summit of Point !ast. She had been literally chopped Lookout eagerly peering into the to pieces with the tomahawk in order door of the Rev. Corbly's humble to free the infant from her grasp. cabin, and intently spying into the and yet she had to be shot down by military status of the fort. The hour the Indian who returned from the appointed for worship is close at pursuit of Mr. Corbly before she fell. hand. Margaret is out at the fort A little boy six years old. whose name milk house preparing a repast for her was Isaiah, next became the victim little ones prior to the commence- of these merciless wretches. Then ment of the hour of devotion. The Mary Ann and Katherine. two and Rev. John Corbly and his entire four ye.,ars old, were killed and family leave their home for the place scalped. And now little Elizabeth 99 has all her hair and a part of the withers of the horse. The skirt of skull ruthlessly torn from her head the dress, which was a black silk one, and was lett for dead. John, a lad had been cut off close to the waist, of eleven years, had been overtaken and she was frightfully mangled and by an Indian but just as the savage besmeared with gore, presenting a reached for him, John's faithful dog spectacle more ghastly than language interposed and he escaped Delilah, can portray. A few minutes later, Ehe oldest daughter, had, unobserved, others of the party came bearing the concealed herself in the hollow of a four little ones dead and dying and fallen tree and from her hiding place suffering-a scene of horror and had witnessed all the horrid scene. beggaring description. Eager to render assistance to her un- The little boy Isaiah lived twenty- fortunate kinsfolk, and thinking the four hours and revived enough to cry savages all departed she ventured piteously and scream deliriously for out, but, alas! too soon, for a lurking the Indians to spare his life, which savage observing her, cleft her down Grandfather Corbly has been known and added her scalp to those already to say was the severest trial of his taken. Thus terminated a brutal life. Gladly would he have died to butchery, which, viewed in all its save his darling boy. Delilah got bearings, is unsurpassed in enormity well and lived to marry a Mr. Martin by any in the annals of border life, and rear a large family somewhere in and one that is monumental of the great Miami Valley. Elizabeth Garard's fort for all time to come. survived till 21 years of age. Some- It is not an incident of traditionary times she would apparently become fame merely, but is one that has long entirely well, and then suddenly the since passed into history and is as sore would reopen and greatly en- familiar to the readers of the States danger her life. She was said to be as almost any other historic event. a very fascinating girl and was be- Mr. Corbly accompanied the party trothed to Isaiah Morris. The day that hastened to the dread scene o/ had been named, the wedding clothe, the awful carnage. When he beheld procured and other preparations the desolating spectacle, hope van- made for the nuptial occasion, when ished and he became the victim of a unexpectedly and very suddenly th; temporary despair. His soul sickened wound broke out afresh and in a few within him and he fainted and fell as days she was a corpse. Her affianced one dead. But by the kind nursing afterwards married a sister of Judge of sympathizing friends he again re- Carard, who was the dau.ghter o!! vived and was soon animated and Elizabeth's half sister, Rachel cheered at the prospect that a por- Priscilla, the sister who escaped by tion of his family might yet survive. having been sojourning in the fort, Two of his daughters, Elizabeth and married a Mr. Knight, and I think Delilah gave signs of returning life, settled, also, in the Miami Valley. and little Isaiah, the father's pet was John followed in the footsteps of his found to be yet breathing. father. became a Baptist preacher Persons are yet living who remem- and settled in the vicinity of where ber of hearing Margaret, ("Aunt the great city of Cincinnati now is, Peggy") his oldest daughter, de- and I am told that the promise to scribe the scene as witnessed by her. Abraham of old has been exemplified when the killed and mangled were in him, and that the Corblys in that borne from the place of slaughter to region are almost as numerous as the the fort. She said it seems but an ,ands on the sea shore. incredible short space from the time In this connection I will just re- she heard her step-mother scream mark that Grandfather Corbly's old- that the Indians were killing her, est daughter, Margaret. married until one of the fort people came rid- George Morris. who was the father ing in great haste carrying the mur- of Dr. Jonathan Morris, who was the dered woman dangling across th-' father of Dr. Spencer Morris, who is 100 familiarly known to most of my the Indians. There are the outlines readers. Rachel, his second daugh- yet very distinct to the observer of ter, married Justus Garard, father of two considerable pits which are said Oorbly Garard, dec'd, Hon. Jonathan to have been sunk by the savages, in Garard who still owns the site of the which to watch unobserved the move- old fort, and Justus Garard, dec'd, ments of the settlers, someth'ng of Mapletown. These were both said after the manner of the rifde pits [o be most estimable christian used by our soldiers on the picket women, the latter, however, was sub- line during the war of the rebellion. ject to a mental aberration for about Another theory is that in these deep thirty years preceding her death. holes fires could be built during the One of the girls that was scalped night for purposes of comfort and always maintained that it was a cooking, and their existence be kept white man that scalped her. Years from the knowledge of the whites after the atrocious crime had been residing in the vale below. There done a stranger came into the settle- still stands near these depressions in ment whom the girl at once recog- the ground a large and very old nized and, pointing him out, said, hickory tree, bearing scars indicating "that is the man that scalped me." that it had been deeply notched with Believing that she was mistaken tne an ax at intervals of about two feec matter was hushed up. He was a for a considerable distance up the very poor man. Out of charity the trunk. These notches are now well church built him a cabin near the grown up and healed over. There graveyard which he was employed to are persons yet living who remember clear out. His cabin took fire and that another tree with corresponding was entirely consumed. Subsequent- notches originally stood close beside ly he was taken with a disease which the old hickory that still remains. drew his mouth all to one side and The theory is, that in these notches frightfully disfigured him, which pieces of timber were secured, many regarded as Heaven-sent judg.- answering to the rounds of a ladder, mnents for his awful crime. and that this ingenius contrivance Grandfather Corbly married yet was used as an additional observatory again. But of this I propose to speak from which to spy out the land. in the next sketch. L. K. Evans. These are the views of the oldest in- habitants gathered from the tradi- In my last sketch mention was tions of Ihe fathers: iimade of a height on the south side of In the year 1794, long after In- W'hiteley creel, a short distance west dians had ceased to molest and tories of Garard's fort which the Indians to disturb, grandfather Corbly found occupied at a point of observation, himself in the toils of an enemy more on the morning of the horrid mas- malicious and dispicable than any he sacre of Mr. Corbly's family. There had yet encountered. It was in the ex-ists there to this day relics and days of the Whisky Rebellion when landmarks made by the savages. A "Tom the Tinker" was the catch number of years ago when the phrase of the disturbers of the peace writer hereof was but a thoughtless whose suppression required the stern boy, indifferent to these historic presence of the National army. Dur- truths, he visited that alta mont, and ing the treasonable transactions of the very hairs on his head were made the whisky boys the Rev. John to stand erect when told that the Corbly provoked the disfavor of cer- cavern in the rocks there "was once tain persons, who through contempti- the abode of ugly red men who ble maliciousness reported him to killed people with a little ax and the excise officer as a malcontent and horrid big knife." Various fantastic aider and abettor of the rebellion. carvings upon the rocks, and holes He was accordingly arrested and con- and shelves therein were all at- vevyd first to Washington jail, thence tributed to the design and work of to Pittsburgh, and finally to Ph'la- 101 delphia to answer. He was imprison- have heard it, is that the horse ran ed there on the 28th of December, between two trees that grew close to- and detained till the 15th of March gether and the boy was dashed following, without a hearing, nom- against one of them with such force inally a prisoner, but was allowed the as to kill him outright. Mary Corbly privilege of the city, and such con- married Rev. Jacob Myers, and was fidence did the revenue officials re- the mother of eight children. John pose in his integrity that they C. Myers, of Muddy creek, long since paroled him to return to his family deceased, was the eldest son, and he on a visit, which visit he made on was the father of Oliver P. and foot, and returned again to Phila- Jacob Myers, now of Illinois, and delphia some time in May, promptly with whom many of my readers are according to the terms of his parole. familiarly acquainted. Sarah Corbly Col. John Minor, then a public man married John F. Wright, and died of wide influence, and a fast friend about one year after. Amelia Corbly of Mr. Corbly's, rode all the way to married Amos Wright, and was the Philadelphia on horseback to procure mother of twelve children, among his release, but long ere Minor ar- whom are John C. Wright, of Cum- rived Mr. Corbly had been fully ac- berland township, Mrs. Joseph South, quitted and was again hastening of Dunkard township, and Mrs. home to the besom of his family. Richard Hanna, of Monongahela And here I digress to relate that township. Nancy Corbly was acci- when the Revenue officer came to dentally killed by the fall of a rail Garard's fort to make the arrest of while climbing a fence when quite Mr. Corbly. a Mr. Drake, grandfather young. of Judge John Hager, who was him- Cassandra married Joseph Gregg, self in some way implicated, and who and was the mother of twelve chil- at the time was attending the mill at dren, ten of whom lived to adult age, that place, jumped into the bolting and nine of whom reared families. chest among the flour and thus es- Among them are Joseph Gregg, of caped the notice of the exciseman. Cumberland township, Corbly Gregg, The third and last wife of Rev. who occupies the old homestead near John Corbly was Nancy Lynn, by Willow Tree Tavern; Orphn Titus, whom he raised eight children-An- recently deceased, who was the drew, William, Mary, Sarah, Pleas- mother of Mrs. Robert Hoge, of ant, Cassandra, Amelia and Nancy. Fran.klin township. Sarah Greg, It is maintained by those professing married William Wood, Nancy mar- to know that he was the father of ried Robert J. Evans, (uncle of the twenty children--four boys and six- author hereof,) and Eliza married teen girls. I have accounted for all Thomas Patterson, and are all three but two and have presumed them to living, with large families of children have been children of his first wife, and grandchildren, in VWoodford and to have died in infancy. An- county, 311. Pleasant Corbly married drew married Elizabeth Myers, and Peter A. Myers, and was the mother settled in Tyler county, Virginia, of many children, eleven of whom and had eight children. He died in lived to adult age. Ten married and 1850, aged sixty-three years. Wil- reared families, but one of whom is liam married Rebecca Stephens, and living now. Among them was Alfred removed to Athens county, Ohio, in Myers, who married Jane Evans, and 1837. He died December 26, 1875, Is the father of Ayers L. and Robin- aged seventy-four years. They were son D. Myers, of our town, and or' the parents of eight children, five of Albert and Alpheus at Garard's fort. whom are still living; all married Peter A. Myers married Mary Garard, and rearing families. He had a soin and is the father of Josephas Myers, John, who was killed when fourteen cf Garard's fort. Eliza married years old, near Garard's fort, by a Reuben Shelby, and is the mother of runaway horse. The tradition, as 1 Mrs. Hiram Bell, near Jefferson. 102 Amelia married Henry Davis and is imprudent to continue to preach remembered by our citizens as the while subject to such grave and dis- '"widow Davis," late a resident of our graceful charges. He ceased for the town, and mother of Alexander Davis time to preach. In the meantime and Mrs. John Ri. Bell. Harriet mar- the church fasted and prayed. The ried Robert Minor and raised a fam- woman was cited to appear before a ily of children and resided neai magistrate and testify to the affirma- Clarksburg, W. Va., Nancy married tion. She came, but when the Evan Evans, and was the. mother of solemn oath was administered she the widow Alexander, of Mononga- faltered and trembled violently and hela township, Mrs. Dr. Greene, of was apparently too much agitated to New Geneva, Mrs. Robert H. John- speak. Some wished to excuse her son, near Garard's fort, and the and allow the matter to pass without author of these sketches. Sarah further notice. But Mr. Corbly in- married Eli Titus, and is the only sisted that she should go on and representative of the Myers family swear to the truth. When pressed to now living. She is the mother OL make answer she declared him an quite a family of boys and girls, sev- innocent man, and said it was a plot eral of whom are dead. Myers died by certain persons whom she named in the army during the rebellion thac to ruin his influence and avenge his country might live; Eli, Jr., lives themselves of certain supposed in- in Monongahela township; Sarah juries. He was therefore fully ac- Jane married Dr. Hubbs and lives in quitted and immediately resumed his Brownsville; Benjamin, Albert and ninisterial labor. lmri are all married, and live, I He was a very effective preacher, think, in Dunkard township, near capable of producing powerful im- their parents. pressions on an audience. But his Rev. John Coroly and his two iast work outside of the pulpit was wives, Elizabeth and Nancy, are all thought to be the cause of his great buried side by side in the old success. He would come down from Garard's fort grave yard. Upon the pulpit, mingle freely and famil- Elizabeth Corbly's tombstone is this iarly with the congregation, and expressive though inelegant epitaph: would sing and exhort among them "Beneath the Indian's tomahawk with great earnestness and deep feel- Me and my babe, we fell; ing. It is estimated that he bap- Was hurried suddenly away tized, during his ministry in this With Jesus for to dwell." neighborhood, from 300 to 400 per- Rev. John Corbly died June 9th, sons. Considering how sparsely the 1803, aged 70 years. Nancy, his last country was then inhabited, this was wife, was born June 29th, 1761, and eer'ainly a great work. He had two died August 1, 1826, in the 65th public debates on Baptism during his year of her age. ministry, one with a Methodist by the The Rev. Corbly was a man of name of Cook, and the other with a great energy, possessed of remark- Presbyterian by name of Armstrong, able decision of character. He wa, in both of which he defended his a very positive man to defend the views in a manner entirely satis- right or to denounce the wrong. factory to his Baptist brethren. He And this trait drew upon him the subsequently, in response to Mr. resentment of the wicked, which a. Cook, wrote an able defense of be- one time they vented in a most liever's Baptism and had it published diabolical and scandalous manner. in pamphlet form. They procured a base woman to ac- He was regarded as a strictly pious cuse him of improper conduct, to man, was much beloved as a chris- which she proposed to make solemn tian and highly esteemed as a minis- affirmation. Neither the church nor ter and pastor. His sentiments were the better citizens believed the ac- Calvinistic, opposed alike to Armen- cusation, but Mr. Corbly thought i{ ianism and fatalism. 103 His sickness prior to his death was forth, yea with the spirit, that they of short duration. On the day of his may rest from their labors and their death he had an appointment to works do follow them." He was preach, but being ill his brethren buried by a large assembly of be- met at his residence and he dis- reaved relatives and sorrowing coursed to them as well as he was brethren who mourned his loss. The able. After services he asked for his following characteristic epitaph was hymn book, and after reading and inscribed on his tombstone: singing a few lines suddenly expired, dying in the full triumph of a never "Death, thou hast conquered me. dying faith. His funeral sermon was I by thy dart am slain; preached by Edgar David Phillips, But Jesus Christ shall conquer thee, from the text, "Blessed are the dead Ar.e J shall rise again." which die in the Lord from hence- L. K. Evans.

Garard's Fort Garard's Fort has a wider historic ditions of that lost volume. And as reputation than any other locality in all unrecorded history is evanescent Greene county. The incident of the and subject to pass irretrievably into massacre of the family of Rev. John oblivion, it has been my purpose to Corbly has been recorded in all the collect and preserve to future genera- historic collections in any way re- tions the small remnant that still lating to Western Pennsylvania, and exists. hence the name of the fort has be- come familiar in all parts of the state It was probably before the butch- and nation. It was probably the ery of the Corbly family that the very first to be erected within the following occurrence took place in county limits, and was built upon one that neighborhood, and which cre- of the lovliest sites anywhere to be ated, no doubt, the most intense ex- found. It was located in a thriving citement at the time. It would ap- and highly respectable settlement pear that an alarm of Indians had and seemed to be a central point, been set afloat. Col. John Minor., around which, on all sides, existed who was commander-in-chief of all smaller settlements and secondary the military operations in this dis- forts. trict, sent out a party of practice 1 scouts each successive morning to Could we but resurrect half of the make observation of the surrourding traditions of the interesting reminis- country and report upon the situa- cences and thrilling episodes that tion. Upon one occasion Amos Mor- transpired within the precincts of ris, Dick Hall and a man by tha, that ancient place of refuge, it would, name of Mahanna were sent up the no doubt, form a volume of no ordi- creek. Then the hillsides were crer- nary size, and would be a work of grown with dense forests and those deep and passionate interest to thou- broad rich bottoms were dense thick- sands. But unfortunately little else ets of willows, alders, &c. Thrcugh than the Corbly massacre has been this wilderness was a narrow path. preserved. it was a deed so des- The three scouts had proceeded on perate and horrible in character that their way to a point now in the fa- all the subordinate transactions be- mous meadow of John Lantz, recent- came absorbed in it. In the vivid ly deceased, not far from the site of recollections of the one crowning act. the brick residence now there, when the remembrance of all else wa; they were fired on by a murderouc neglected. And I have striven in gang of concealed Indians. Mahanna, vain to resuscitate even the most was killed on the spot; Morris wvas Xague perceptions of any of the tra- wounded in the arm, but being on 104 horseback rode off and made his them, these infuriated men returned, escape; Hall, who was a noted Indian and fastening the dead savage by the fighter, discharged the contents of neck to one end of a grape vine, they his gun into the heart of a savage, dragged him to the fort, and in or- and then slipped into the thicket and der to gratify the morbid appetite escaped by climbing the northside for vengeance which rankled in their hill. breasts, it is said that they would When Morris and Hall returned 10 Lrom day to day hitch a horse to the the fort and made known.the result carcass and drag it about the yard of their expedition Col. Minor made of the fort. When it finally became a grand requisition for militia and too putrid to endure, they dragged volunteers in order to pursue and it out to place on the north side of punish the enemy. Against the next the creek, about in front of Judge morning, it is said that a very large Garard s present residence, and cov- party had been organized-tradition ered it over with earth; and it is says about five hundred men, wh'ch further related that the hogs rooted I presume is an extravagan:t exag- it out and utterly devoured it. Alas geration. This army set out early this transaction is but another sad for the conflict. When they arrived commentary upon the virtue of poor at the place where the scouts had civlized humanity when in a fit of been fired on they found Mahanna exasperation over the wrongs and stripped of all his clothing and so cruelties perpetrated by a savage and mutilated and cut to pieces that has uncivilized foe. remains had to be rolled in a sheet There is a faint tradition in some- for burial. Nearby was a tree that body s mind that this same Dick Hall had been blown up by the roots. into was one of the party who pursued the cavity thus made they placed the the fleeing savages at the time of the corpse of this unfortunate man, cov- Corbly massacre, and that he took a ered it with earth and called it a solemn oath not to return without a burial. ,calp to grace his belt. And the tra- It is said that the army was the-i dition, though of doubtful authen- formed into the shape of a drag-net ticity, further deposes that he kept and marched up the bottom in order his vow, having caused the "big In- to search out the Indians. An ad- dian chief" to bite the dust. And vanced guard of picked men preceded this is the substance of all that I can the main army. Among these was learn in reference to Garard's Fort Henry Sychts. He was on the south history. I have felt a deep and bank of the creek and had not pro- earnest interest in that locality. It the ceeded far when he struck an Indian is the place of my childhood and trail. He followed it very cautiously home of all my maternal relatives. and was finally led to some shelving Hence I have zealously endeavored rocks, under which he observed some to gather all the facts I could, hoping loose stones which had evidently to the last to be able to give a tolera- been placed there very recently. bly correct outlire of all the more Quietly removing them he diseoverel important events transpiring there. a dead Indian, the one Hall had shot But I have utterly failed. I know the previous day. Seizing hlm by there is a history connected with the he dragged him to Garard family well worthy of preser- the "top-knot," ' the light, scalped him and gave th > vation. I know the Morris family "war whoop," and it is said that in had an experience and a reputation less than five minutes he w,-s sur- which its descendants would be rounded by the whole of Minor's pro l, tio perpetuate. And there are army. doubtless other families in that Having scoured the hills and val- neighborhood whose record would be leys for miles around and assuring fully ab adventurous. themselves that the JIndians had e:- Somewhat later in the history of caped beyond all hope of overtaking the settlement Stacy Stephens came 105 there. He was born in the State of Rose now lives. Some years later New Jersey in 1779. During the Apollo and John removed to the years of 1794, 1795 and 1796 he and state of Ohio. The Stephens family his four brothers, John, Apollo, Ed- have been an industrious and thrifty ward and James emigrated to this people, and their descendants are county. Stacy Stephens was a black- "'legion." smith, having learned his trade in On the farm nf Barzilla Stephens, Trenton, and started the first regular near Newtown, there is a little grave- shop ever situated in the vicinity of yard verging on a hundred years old. Garards Fort. It stood on the forks Three persons were buried there, and of the road that leads to the place the place marked by setting up some known as the Benson Fordyce farm, rough stone as the custom was. Mr. and near where William Gass now Stephens says he mows around them works. He shod the pack horses that every year, and at one time had some transported the salt and other essen- shrubbery planted there, which, hlow- tials from Winchester to supply the ever, did not grow. demands of the settlement. In 1799 There is a very vague tradition he married Elizabeth Heatfield, also that at an early date in the settle- of New Jersey. In 1800 he bought ment of this part of t: e county a the farm where his son, Azariah man, by the name of Ealdwin, bui't Stephens now lives, a short distance his cabin near the site of this little above the village of Garards Fort, of graveyard, and with his wife and which only one acre was then cleared. child was enjoying peace, pleasure In 1813 he built the stone house, and prosperity. But all of a sudden which I believe, forms a part of the an alarm of Indians reached them. improved and commodious dwelling Preparations were made to flee to the now on the premises. He died in fort in great haste. His wife and 1851, in the eighty-fifth year of his child had been mounted on a horse age. and were in the act of setting off John Stephens owned the farm when they were fired on by the In- now owned by the heirs of Nicholas dians. Baldwin and his wife and Livengood. Edward owned the land child were killed and ,calped by the where Jasper Morris now lives. merciless foe. James owned the farm where Eli L. K. Evans.

Wayside Gleanings Early in the history of the Muddy settler. He was at first a resident of Creek valley, one John Kennedy, a North Carolina, and was conspicuous land jobber from Franklin county, among the first Americans to agitate located what is commonly known as Independent and Republican forms the "Anderson farm," near the pres- of Government. He was the John ent site of Carmichaels, since owned Hancock among the signers of the by James Stephenson. He procured celebrated Mechlinburg Declaration titles for these lands, but never occu- of Independence in the year 1775. pied them nor became a resident of He heard of the death of his brothei these parts. He died suddenly while James, who had cast his lot in these sitting on his horse near the intersec- parts. James was reputed to be rich tion of the Brandywine with the in lands, and John came on to pay a State line. Such are the facts in evi- last tribute of respect to his deceased dence developed through various liti- kinsman and look after the estate. gation. His land speculations, however, John Flenniken, who was appoint- proved abortive, through insufficiency ed one of the Associate Judges upon of title and the coveted estate netted the organization of Greene county, but the meager sum of $35. was comparatively speaking, an early It is related that Col. William 106 Crawford, an old and esteemed brothers, and among the first settlers friend, induced Mr. Flenniken to this of Cumberland township, and were locality by the present of a fine farm cousins of Judge Flenniken. I am of some hundred broad acres con- told that the mother of Elias A. tiguous to the one on which he him- Flenniken still resides on the prop- self resided. Thenceforward they erty originally local ed by his ances- were life-long neighbors and insepar- tors. able friends. They mutually shared In the month of 'September, 1789, all the dangers and hardships of the it is recorded that two brothers, times. They were ardent patriots Nathaniel and Josiah Davidson, went and made common cause against the on a hunting expedition up the Ten attacks of British emmissaries and Mile. As was the custom they built their savage allies, and the seditions a camp to lodge in at night and and insurrection of the lories in where all the game was collected and their midst. dressed. On the morning of the day Judge Flenniken was a very intel- on which they intended to return ligent and influential man, and has home, they named an hour at which bequeathed to succeeding ages a long they would return to their camp, and line of enterprising descendants. He then proceeded into the forest in dif- had eleven children, three of whom ferent directions in search of game. were born in North Carolina. Sam- At the appointed time Josiah arrived, uel settled in Ohio and arose to the but Nathaniel had not yet come. He distinction of Judge of the Court. awaited patiently for a while, but Dorcas was the first wife of Benja- still his brother did not appear. Be- min Jennings, a life-long citizen of coming uneasy lest some accident Waynesburg, whom all our older had befallen him, he set out on what citizens remember as a most worthy proved to be a fruitless search. He gentleman. Aldey was allowed to re- tbhen hastened home and procured as- main in North Carolina. James was sistance. but still the missing man the father of the Hon. John C. Flen- could not be found. Having put niken, of this place. Andrew settled forth every effort to discover traces in Ohio. Isaac went first to Ohio, of his fate to no purpose, the search and then to Arkansas, where he died. was abandoned as hopeless. But in John N. is still living in Iowa. Hon. lohpfollowing March while John Reed Robert P., now living in California, was hunting in the same vicinity he was three times elected to the Penn- accidentally found the corpse of the sylvania Assembly by Fayette county, missing man. He had been shot and and was Charge-de-Affairs to Den- scalped, and notwithstanding he had mark under President Buchanan's lain out for a period of nearly six administration. Mary, better recog- months he was but slightly torn by nized as "Polly," married Nathaniel wild beasts, and was readily recog- Jennings, who for many years owned nized. This is the substance of the the beautiful farm one mile west of record, and I have searched in vain town, now belonging to J. A. J. Bu- for traditions in relation to the inci- chanan, Esq. He built a mill on the dent. Whether any of the many premises before the town of Waynes- Davidsons of our county are descend- burg was laid out, relics of which ants of Josiah's, or in any way relat- still remain. He also built the stone ed, it would be very interesting to house which Mr. Buchanan has re- know and I shall yet hope to elicit cently remodeled and converted into some information on the subject. a palatial residence. Hannah, who is Among the early settlers of Cum- living, is the widow of Rev. Asa berland township were the Shep- Brooks, a Presbyterian minister. herds, Armstrongs, Andersons, Mur- Rebecca is a maiden lady, of our docks. and others whose names do town, and is familiarly known to all not now occur to me and doubtless of as "Aunt Becca Flenniken." whom many interesting things might of Elias and James Flenniken were be written were I but in possesion 107 the facts. As yet I have had no other tended republication of my sketches, motive and have collected such facts but especially for the withholding of as these hurried sketches reveal that unfavorable criticism to which merely for the love of it, with no they might have been so justly sub- prospect of other compensation. jected. Many friends have suggested the The sketches have been prepared propriety of preserving the facts by for the most part in great haste and making a book of them; but that with but little systematic fore- would incur much expense, while thought. Many inaccuracies have the subject matter is necessarily therefore crept into them, most ot local and unless I could realize that which I could now correct by careful there would be a very general de- revision. I have the consciousness mand for the work among the citi- of believing that I have done little zens of the county and vicinity, of or no harm in their publication, and course I would not dare venture on the gratification of knowing that 1 the enterprise. have awakened reminiscences, the There are yet some very interest- contemplation of which has afforded ing traditions to be written up; pleasure to many. The sterner events, the knowledge of which is duties of life are demanding my still extant and has been promised, present undivided and earnest atten- but for some reason long deferred. tion, and "when duty calls, we must If the necessary facts are furnished. obey." Pleasant as it would un- I may yet publish some stray questionably be to me to pursue the sketches. yet unwritten history of the fathers. In the preparation of the forty- the "hard times" necessitates the three sketches in this series, there poor to "work for bread" that "the are a number of persons to whom I wolf may not enter his door." For am indebted for kind assistance. To this cause, then, I bid you, reader, the general public I fedl profoundly an affectionate "goodbye." grateful for the kindly spirit it has L. K. Evans. manifested towards my work, and Note-Mr. Evans was prevailed for the many encouragements I have upon by many persons to continue the experienced from assurances of ap- historical articles and wrote more preclation. To the Press of the coun- which will appear every week until try I am under deep obligations, not the series is completed. only for generous notices and ex- Editor.

Bell It is believed that the family, of in the latter state, where his descend- which the Bells of this county are a ants reside in the Muskingum valley. branch, came from :.onme part of James Bell located in what is now Great Britain, and originally settled Morgan township, and made a toma- in Virginia. From Virginia it spread hawk claim, which included the same into Pennsylvania and Tennessee, tract of land upon which his son and through the former State into John afterwards lived and died. It Ohio. is the place on which Joseph Bell At a very early date, probably be- now resides. In 1790 he was elected fore the year 1770, James and Benja- a Justice of the Peace for Morgan min Bell came to this county, from township, then Washington county. the Shenandoah valley. It is thought He had five sons: John, James, Isaac, Benjamin did not remain long. He Benjamin and David; and three probably returned to Virginia, and daughters, Hannah, Mary and Sarah. afterwards settled in Ohio; at least it Of these John, Isaac, David, Hannah is understood that he finally settled and Mary married and settled in 108 Greene county. The two daughters Wheeling and Frankfort, the capitals married Samuel and Meeker Wood- of two states, and Cincinnati, the ruff. The three sons last named all Queen city of thc Ohio valley, are settled near each other. John had directly on their path. But then seven sons, James, John, David, Mor- these cities were unknown and their gan, Henry, Benjamin and Jesse; sites among the solitude of the for- and daughter, Dorcas. She first mar- est. This was the first settlement ried Cox, and is the mother of made in the "dark and bloody land." John B. Cox. She afterwards mar- Boone had hunted through it before, ried Thomas Patterson, of Carmich- but he did not locate there until the aels. Benjamin is a wealthy farmer next year. Harrod, like Boone, was and lives in Knox county, Ohio; a mighty hunter, fearless and fond of David and Jesse died in the township solitude, and delighted most in that where they were born, and John, adventure which was attended by the Henry and Morgan still live in the greatest danger. He was often alone same vicinity. Morgan is the father in the forest for weeks, and even of John R. Bell, one of the County months. Indeed, he went several Auditors. Dorcas died recently in times as a spy to the Indian towns Carmichaels. known as the Miami villages, which in the valley now known by Isaac married Elizabeth Harrod, were name in Ohio. At one time he died about ten years ago at the that who was chased by the Indians all the old homestead near Jefferson. She way to the Ohio river, which having was the only member of the Harrod swam, he shot the three foremost family that remained in Greene rest of James Indians while in the water-the county. She was a niece His life of the having given up the chase. Harrod, who was the leader a part of from the Mo- was full of adventures, party of adventurers and published made the first settle- which were compiled nongahela that years ago but can cabin in what about twenty-five ment and built the first here. From one of Kentucky. They not be mentioned is now the state of he never re- it necessary to at once his solitary expeditions also found the manner of his death a fort which was the first turned, and construct He commanded a body military post established in the state. is unknown. men at the battle of Kanawha, He with other members of the Har- of in other engagements with the rod family came to Greene county a nd Indians. He was a leader of the from Virginia. Levi Harrod, who most daring and intrepid character. was Justice of the Peace in 1781, We have made this digression be- was probably a brother. In the year here seems the proper place to 1773, he raised a body of men with cause and because the very first set- whom he went down the Mononga- do it, tlers of the Ohio valley were from in a flat boat to Fort Pitt-now hela county and the country ad- Pittsburg; thence these daring Greene spirits sailed down the Ohio through jacent. an unexplored wilderness to the four mouth of the Kentucky river, and up To return, Isaac Bell had and that river over 100 miles-in all sons-Levi Harrod, James, David about 700 miles-to a spot where John; and two daughters, Rachel and they landed and founded the present Mary. Levi H. lived for many years town of Harrodsburg, the county in the vicinity of Jefferson, but re- near seat of Mercer county, Kentucky. To moved to Washington county, appreciate the bravery and enter- Amity, where he died during the war. prise of these men who left the Lieut. John F. Bell of the 14th Pa. shores of the Monongahela at that Infantry is one of his sons. and James early day-two years before the M. Bell, late of Waynesburg, another. revolution began-We have but to David and John have died since the consider the country through which war at their homes near Jefferson. they passed. Today, the cities of Isaac Bell, of Waynesburg, son-in-law 109 of W. T. H. Pauley, editor of the These three had large families and Messenger, is a son of David. their descendants who still live in James Bell, the only surviving son Licking and Knox counties, are very of this family, lives near Carmich- numerous. James had eleven sons aels, and is the father of L. Harrod and four daughters. One of these Bell, of Howard Springs, Tennessee, sons, Samuel Bell, is the father of who is the last one of Bells, and the Hon. William Bell, Jr., Ohio's pres- only native of Greene, who bears the ent Secretary of State. One of the name of Harrod and to him I am in- Ohio Bells was recently requested debted for most of the particulars of to enumerate that branch of the fam- this sketch. ily but gave it up, and says that their Rachel died unmarried. Mary is "name is legion." It has been im- the wife of Stephen Crayne, who possible to name all the present gen- lives near Jefferson. eration in this county, from a some- David, son of the first James, had what similar reason. As a family one son, John Kennedy, who lives they have been farmers and, sticking near Jefferson, and two daughters, to one business, have been prosper- Rachel and two daughters, Rachel ous, and have greatly multiplied; and and Mary, neither of whom married. among this long line of countless Sarah married James Hayes, who descendants those that are not indus- with Benjamin, emigrated to Licking t rious, intelligent, enterprising and county, Ohio, in 1814. James emi- respectable const'tute the rare excep- grated to the same county in 1815. tions.

James Harrod Since the publication of my last would stir his sympathy and win his sketch I have found many additional aid. notes of the life and habits or Tames He would absent himself for weeks Harrod, in Mr. Charles McKnight's and sometimes for months, enjoying the hunt in the depths of the forest- late work, "Our Western Border." which seasons are often attended This author represents him as having with the most daring adventures. At explored the Kentucky country te- one time he was in the act of shoot- fore Daniel Boone. This he no doubt ing a deer, when he discovered by a did; and having chosen his site for a movement of the herd that another settlement returned to the Mononga- foe was probably at hand. The next hela and made up his colony. In moment he heard the crack of a 1774 Daniel Boone being sent by rifle and saw a buck plunge in the Gov. Lord Dunmore, to apprize a air and fall. The report of Harrod's party of surveyors at the Falls of the gun followed in quick succession, and Ohio, that an Indian war had broken a Shawnee hunter, who in sighting out, found Harrod and his company the deer had exposed his person. fell already settled at Harrodsburg. He to rise no more. is is represented as being tall, active, brave and modest; his rifle was said At another time "the tables were to be the longest, the heaviest and well nigh turned." Having wounded the surest. He was an inveterate a tough old huffalo bull, and set it hunter and an intrepid warrior. His raving, he was cautiously approach- incessant industry was only equalled ing to give it another shot. Just as by his rigid frugality; and yet he was he pulled the trigger he observed a generous and hospitable to a fault. Shawnee aiming at himself. The He hated but two objects-and In- crack of both guns were nearly dian and a polecat, and even the simultaneous, and with great pres- distress of suffering of an Indian ence of mind, our hero fell to the 110 earth just in the nick of time. He miles from the village only three of lay there still as death. The Indian the number continued the pursuit. reloaded his gun and cautiously ap- As he emerged from the stream, they proached to lift his scalp. But when plunged in. Having preserved his he stooped down to "raise his hair" gun in order, he immediately shot he found himself in the embrace of a one of them dead. Hastily reloading giant's arms. "The warrior was he wounded another who gave him- crushed in the herculean hug," and self to the current and floated down lay a helpless victim of Harrod's the stream. The third turned back fury. and by diving and swimming under At another time while trailing water baffled the aim of the hunter deer he heard two shots and saw two and made his escape. deer go down. The Indians seeing An hour or so later, while saunter- him treed, and while he was peeping ing down the stream, his eye was at- around to get a shot a third Indian tracted by a moving object in the fired at him, cutting away a lock of water's edge, near a drift pile. A his hair and grazing his neck. He moment later and the wounded In- crouched in a jiffy and all was as dian appeared sitting upon the drift. still as death. The situation was a What was Harrod to do? He revolt- very perilous one. After some delay, ed at the bare idea of shooting a Harrod concluded to try the stale wounded, defenseless Indian. To trick of the cap. Adjusting his wolf leave him there alone and helpless skin to ramrod he cautiously exposed to die was equally cruel. Making a it to view and it drew the fire of all long circuit he gained the rear of the his adversaries. One of them, having drift, and laying aside his gun and uncovered himself in the venture, re- other weapons, he stepped into the ceived the contents of Harrod's gun. presence of the Shawnee, who greet- Again the decoy was displayed, but ed him with an "Ugh!" and made a only one of them fired. This ex- sudden move as if to piunge into the posed his exact position and while re- water. But Harrod, placing his hand loading his gun he sufficiently ex- on his heart and uttering a few posed himself as to receive his death broken Shawnee sentences, succeeded wound from Harrod's fatal piece. in convincing the savage that he The third Indian became alarmed meant him no harm. He gathered and fled. Harrod leisurely dressed herbs from the forest and tore a the two deer and returned to camp bandage from his own shirt and laden with meat. bound up the wound. Fnding him James Harrod never lost an oppor- too weak to walk he took him to a tunity to do a favor for a friend, and beautiful cave near by, where he was consequently almost idolized by nurtured and nursed him till he was all the settlers. Did the Indians able to travel. Then he led him carry captive a daughter of a woods- forth, pointed to the north, and bade man, Harrod never failed to be first him return in peace to his people and upon their trail. From the frequency tell them how the hated Long Knife and success of his solitary adven- could treat a wounded foe. After- tures, the Indians dubbed him the ward, when Daniel Boone was taken "Lone Long Knife." prisoner along with his company of attributed his kind Once while in the midst of an In- salt makers, he friendly offices of dian village, in disguise, finding him- treatment to the self discovered by a young warrior, this grateful savage. he knocked him down with his fist James Harrod participated in the and sprang into the forest pursued great battle of Point Pleasant under by a great gang of enraged savages. the command of Gen. Lewis, in 1774. No more e thasehcitini' ever found After the adventure above narrated re-ord on the annals of adventure. he became immensely popular, was Tireloss and fleet, he led the way and elected Colonel of a Kentucky regi- when he :eached the Miami river ten ment and was proffered other honors 111 which he modestly declined. He absorbing passion for solitary hunt- married a Kentucky girl, and exper- ing. From one of these rambles he ienced all endearments of a growing never returned. Thus mysteriously family and happy home; yet not ended a proud career-one of emi- even these could win him from his nent grandeur for one of the kind.

Lewis Wetzel The series of Centennial Sketches most familiar terms of companion- which I have published during the ship. I{ence, it is reasonable to infer past year would be very incomplete that he was not a stranger to these indeed were I not to devote a special hills and valleys. chapter to that famous Indian war- We have already seen that the rior, Lewis Wetzel. Whether half father of our hero, John Wetzei, the wonderful stories which are told along with Col. Ebenezer Zane, Col. of him had any foundation in fact or David Shepherd and the McCulioughs not he was a character of sufficient settled near the mouth of Wheeling force to acquire a reputation for creek as early as 1770. Shepherd cunning, for genius, for daring ad- and Wetzel made their improvements, venture, for ability and for endur- the former six and the latter twelve ance, that few of his compeers at- miles up the creek, so the family of tained. Morgan, Boone, Brady, Wetzel and the family of Jacob Crow, Kenton, Poe, Harrod and McCullough who lived within the bounds of were celebrated adventurers, and Greene county, were on terms of the have found immortality on the pages most cordial friendship, and were of history; but neither of them has most intimate neighbors. John reached the celebrity of Wetzel. He Wetzel was a rough but sturdy is so identified with the literature of Dutchman, fond of hunting and fish- the masses, the American romance- ing, and reared a family of seven as to be regarded by readers abroad children-five sons, Martin, George, as a mythical individual-a creature John, Lewis and Jacob, and two of imagination. Whatever his actual daughters, Susa'n and Christina. accomplishments were, he succeeded Migrating in capturing the admiration of the from the south branch frontiersmen of his day, who have of the Potomac when he was a lad transmitted his adventures to pos- but ten years old and taking ap his terity as deeds worthy to be accredit- abode in the recesses of a hitherto unexplored forest, ed to a superhuman being. Doubt- was an initial schooling well iess, he was a true hero in his day calculated to fit Lewis and sphere or he never would have for the sphere of action to which his life was devoted. From been so canonized by so plain and early child- hood he guileless a generation as his. gave evidence of capacity and adaptedness for the adventurer's I do not know that Lewis Wetzel life. Though of an industrial parent- was ever an actual resident of what age, he was disinclined to the indus- is now Greene county scil. But the trial arts. He early manifested an home of his childhood, where he aversion to the hoe and ax and a grew to manhood and renown, was corresponding love for the gun and just beyond the border, and he, rambled through the solitudes of the doubtless, transversed our territory surrounding wildnerness. Having with frequency and became familiar been born in the woods, he seemed to with all her solitudes. Conrad inherit a propensity for its mystic Sycks who resided near the mouth of mazes. He was a child of nature and Dunkard, was his uncle, and it is a constant companion of her off- known that the cousins, Henry spring. Accustomed thus to the Sycks and Lewis Wetzel, were on weird and wild scenes of a frontier 112 settlement, he became the very soul and whispered to Jacob to rise of adventure, bold as the lion and stealthily, as he was resolved to cunning as the fox. escape and return home. At first Jacob hesitated to take the perilous Having been so schooled, it needed flight, but upon being reassured by but the incident which I am about to the undaunted Lewis, they in breath- relate to develop his genius and con- less silence stole away and set out on firm him in the vocation of his a homeward march. I shall relate choice. During the summer of 1774, the remainder of this thrilling ad- just after the murderous crusade of venture in the language of Withers, the incensed Logan through these the border warfare chronicler: valleys, a party of Indians from be- "Upon getting 100 yards from the yond the Ohio made an incursion camp Lewis stopped, and telling his into the settlement on Wheeling brother to wait there, returned to waters, and finding Lewis Wetzel, the camp and brought from thence a then fourteen years old, and his pair of moccasins for each of them. brother Jacob some distance from the He then observed that he would go house, they made them prisoners. back and get his father's gun; this he The boys discovered the Indians soon effected and they then com- while yet some distance off and en- menced their journey home. The deavored to escape to the house, but moon shining brightly they were being flanked by them, a well direct- easily able to distinguish the trail ed shot from one of the Indians dis- which they had made in coming out; located a part of Lewis' breast bone but had not pursued it far when they and partially disabled him. Jacob heard the Indians coming in pursuit was younger and was also soon over- of them. So soon as Lewis perceived taken. By this time some of the by the sound of their voices that they fiendish savages had brutally mur- were approaching tolerably near to dered their parents and other friends them, he led his brother aside from present, and set fire to the cabin, and the path, and squatting down, con- then escaped with their captives be- cealed themselves till their pursuers yond the river. (I know the death had passed them, when they again of the elder John Wetzel is otherwise commenced traveling and in the rear accounted for, and put at a much of the Indians. Not overtaking the later period by Charles McKnight, boys as soon as was expected, those Esq., in his graphically written and who had been sent after them began popular book, "Our Western Bor- to retrace their steps. Expecting this der." But the traditions I have are the boys were watchful of every of such positive and reliable charac- noise or object before them, and ter that I cannot but give them the when they heard the Indians return- fullest credence.) On the second ing, again secreted themselves in the night of their captivity and over bushes and escaped observation. twenty miles away, they encamped at They were followed by two of the what was known as the Big Lick on party who had made them prisoners the waters of McMahan's cr,,ek. on horse back; but by practicing the A fter the usual repast of InCian same strategem, they eluded them lunch, the savages lay down to sit ep, also, and on the next day reached the neglecting to confine the boys by use Ohio river opposite to Wheeling. of thongs as on the previous night. Apprehensive that it would be dan- They doubtless presumed that the gerous to apprize those on the op- boys were too far from the settle- posite side of the river by hallooing, ment to attempt an escape. But Lewis set to work as quietly, and yet Lewis was careful not to sleep, and as expeditiously as possible, and with when the savages gave signs of being the aid of hi? ]itte brother soon com- . well under the influence of the giant pleted a raf l on which they safely Morpheus, he made some rustle to crossed the Ohio, and made their test the genuineness of the sleep, way home." 113 Withers does not seem to know fort and prevailed on Lewis Wetzel, that that home was utter desolation who was sojourning there, to return -that the inmates had been massa- with him to the place where his cred and the building laid in ashes. horse gave out, in hope of recovering But such are the traditionary facts the favorite beast. Wetzel advised which seem to be confirmed by the Mills to prepare for fight, as he was allusion Mr. Withers makes to the apprehensive that the Indians would father's gun being in the possession pursue the fugitives to the verge of of the savages. Is it any wonder that the settlements, consequently their when these orphan boys returned to enterprise would not be absolutely the scenes of their happy childhood free from danger. When they came and beheld the awful desolation, and near their destination, they met a realized the terrible bereavement, party of about forty Indians going that Lewis, over the ashes of his towards the Ohio river, and who dis- kindred, like a Phoenician boy at his covered Mills and Wetzel as soon as mother's knee hundreds of years be- these saw them. Upon the first fire fore, swore eternal vengeance to his from the Indians Mills was wounded enemy? Thenceforward, his sole ob- in the heel and soon overtaken and ject and pursuit seems to have been killed. Wetzel singled out his mark, to avenge his wrongs, and one his- shot and seeing one fall, wheeled and torian has attributed to the Wetzel ran. He was immediately followed prowess the fearful reckoning of a by four of the savages, who laid aside hundred scalps. guns that they might more certainly I do not propose here to more than overtake him. Having by practice allude to the marvelous feats that acquired the art of loading his gun tradition attributes to Lewis Wetzei, as he ran, Wetzel was indifferent nor to the wonderful stories that the how near the savages approached novel writers have woven concerning him, if he were out of the reach of his mystic knowledge of the red the rifles of the others. Accordingly, man's habits, of his amazing feats of keeping some distance ahead of his agility, strength and endurance, of pursuers while reloading his gun, he the awful fatality of his enmity and relaxed his speed until the foremost the exceeding suavity and gallantry Indian had got within ten cr twelve of his friendship. Those whose curi- steps of him. He then wheeled, shot osity prompts to such enquiry are re- Ihim dead, and again took to flight. fered to such works of fiction as He had now to exert himself to keep "Conrad Maer," the "White Fawn," in advance of the savages till he the "Prairie Flower," &c., &c., which should again load, and when this was delineate our hero as being of capa- accomplished and he turned to fire, bilities exceeding that of a demigod. the second Indian was close enough It is my purpose to confine my ob- to catch hold of the gun, when, as servations to authenticated facts. Wetzel expressed it, "they had a Further along in the "Chronicles of severe wring." At length he succeed- Border Warfare" I find another ad- ed in raising the muzzle to the brea,,! venture recorded of Lewis Wetzel of his antagonist and killed him also. which is familiar in some of its de- In this time both the pursuers and tails to almost every reader. In the pursued had become much jaded; summer of 1782, a man by the name and although Wetze] had, conse- of Mills, who had just escaped from quently a better opportunity of load- the disastrous campaign against the ing quickly, yet taught wariness by Indians led by Col. Crawford, had the fate of their companions, the been compelled during that fearful two remaining savages would spring retreat to abandon his horse near behind trees whenever he made a where St. Clairsville now stands in movement like turning towards them. Ohio. Not liking the idea of losing Taking the advantage of a more him altogether, upon his arrival at open piece of ground he was enabled Wheeling he proceeded to Vanmeter's to fire on one of them who had 114 sought protection behind a sapling Lewis Wetzel joined the party, which too small to screen his body. The numbered about twenty men, who ball fractured his thigh and produced crossed the river on the 5th of death. The other, instead of press- August. After penetrating some dis- ing upon Wetzel, uttered a shrill yell, tance into the Indian country, a and exclaiming "no catch hini, gun party sent out to reconnoiter report- always loaded," returned to his ed having discovered a camp of over- party. powering numbers. Upon consulta- It is my purpose to devote another tion it was determined to r'etreat. sketch to this wonderful character of During the conference Wetzel sat tne frontier a century ago as soon as on a log apparently indifferent to I can gather the authentic informa- what was transpiring. As soon as tion which I know to be extant. the retreat was ordered most of them L. K. Evans. set off with disordered haste. Ob- serving Wetzel sitting unmoved, John Bonnet, the uncle of Lewis Major McMahan enquired if he was Wetzel, had his cabin on Wheeling not going back with them. "No,' creek about half way between the was the sullen reply. "I came out Wetzel improvement and Shepherd's to hunt Indians, and now that they Fort. Lewis was very familiar with are found I am not going home like' a his uncle's family, and on terms of fool with my fingers in my mouth. closest intimacy with Lewis Bonnet, [ shall return with an Indian's scalp a cousin, several years his junior. or lose my own." Arguments and The Bonnet cabin was therefore a expostulations were alike unavailing, delightsome retreat to which he fre- and he was left alone-alone in the quently resorted, and where he was wilderness surrounded by a barbar- received and welcomed in all respects ous, blood-thirsty enemy, and with as one of the Bonnet family. I men- no friend but his rifle. When all his tion this fact preparatory to relating comrades had fully deserted him he a tradition transmitted to me by a gathered his hunting shirt about him, gentleman who had it directly from adjusted his weapons and moved off Lewis Bonnet himself. In the loft of in a different direction, hoping to his uncle's cabin Wetzel appropriated meet with a party of Indians less for- to himself a certain rafter on which midable in number. to hang his scalps, and underneath Night coming on, it was too chilly which he and his cousin slept upon to pass without fire, and yet a light their pallet of straw. Here the would almost certainly lead to his ap- youthful cousin would often amuse prehension and destruction. Equal himself in the still hours of night by to the occasion he dug a pit, in which lying on his back and dangling with he kindled a fire, covering it up after his toes the score of Indian scalps the manner of a charcoal pit, le took suspended over him. his seat astride of it and completed In my further observations on the arrangement by covering his head Lewis Wetzel and his family I shall with his blanket. By this ingenious draw liberally from my friend contrivance he kept himself duly Charles McKnight, who has collected warm without incurring the danger and published in "Our Western of an open fire. Border" the most extensive history of Most of the following day he them I have ever seen. roamed through the forest without In the summer of 1786, the In- noticing any signs of Indians. At dians having become troublesome in length he sighted smoke and going the vicinity of Wheeling, it was de- to it he found a tenantless camp con- termined to send an expedition after taining two blankets and a kettle. them of sufficient force to effectually Wetzel readily surmised this to be chastise them. A purse of a hundred the temporary hunting camp of two dollars was offered to the man who Indians. Concealing himself he should bring in the first Indian scalp. awaited the return of the savages. 115 About sunset one of them came in aimed ball from Wetzel's gun be- and began to cook the supper. In spattered the mouth of the cave with a short time the other came also. the Indian's brains. That turkey They ate their meal and began the never hired another frontiersman to usual amusement of singing and tell- his death, and we have no tradition ing stories with boisterous laughter. that a -,imilar deception was ever About ten o'clock one of them drew afterward practiced in that locality. his blanket about him, took his rifle Tradition attributes to this daring and a fagot of fire and set out, borderer the singular custom of mack- doubtless to watch a deer lick. The ing a fall hunt into the Indian coun- departure of this Indian was a sad try. On one occasion, having pene- disappointment to Wetzel, whose trated the Muskingum region fuliy plan was to bag both. He waited equipped for the fray, he hit upon a patiently and long for his return, but camp of four braves. He did not indications of daylight appearing, long hesitate, single handed he made Wetzel regarding longer delay dan- an attack upon the party. At the gerous, crept noiselessly to the camp hour of midnight, when all else was where his victim lay in profound wrapped in sleep, he moved cautious sleep. Drawing his scalping knife ly from his cover, and with a spirit';, from his belt he plunged it straight step and demon's intent, sought t.- to the heart of the savage. Securing presence of the slumbering red men. the scalp he set out for home, and They all lay there with upturned arrived the next day after his unsuc- [aces, dreaming no doubt, but little cessful companions did. It is need- dreaming that their relentless toe less to say he claimed and received stood in their midst gloating ov,-- the promised reward. the awful vengeance he was about tu A very common and most fatal reek. He deliberately leaned hi>. decoy on the frontier was the turkey rifle against a tree, and with deadly call. In answer to these deceptive tomahawk in one hand and un- cries men frequently crossed the hill sheathed scalping knife in the other, from the fort at Wheeling, and on began the work of death. With un- more than one occasion never to re- erring stroke he cleft the skull of turn. Wetzel suspected the cause. one of his victims, and quick as and determined to solve the mystic thought another fell beneath the problem. On the east side of the fatal blow. The third was hewn creek hill and at an elevation of down while atempting to rise, conr- about sixty feet above the water's fused by the unearthly yells with edge there is a capacious cavern, the which Wetzel accompanied his death entrance to which at that time was dealing strokes. The fourth sprain- almost obscured by a heavy growth to his feet, and in great alarm darted of vines and foliage. From this an into the darkness and escaped thougk extensive vicw was had of the hill on hard pressed by Wetzel, who pursued. the opposite side, and in it the al- him some distance. Foiled in his. luring Indian would conceal himself pursuit he returned to the camp. and issue forth the fatal decoy. scalped the three dead savages and Wetzel being acquainted with the hastened home. To the familiar en- locality of this cavern, started one quiry, "what luck?" he replied, "not morning before daylight, and by a much; I treed four Indians, but one circuitous route, gained the rear of it of them got away." This most won- unobserved. Concealing himself in a derful and intrepid feat was per- position to command the mouth of formed at a distance from the settle- the cave he waited the morning's ments of not less than seventy-five dawn. Shortly thereafter the top miles. knot of an Indian emerged to view On another occasion while ram- at the mouth of the cavern, and look- bling in his favorite haunts in the ing cautiously about but before an- neighborhood of Wheeling, Lewis other decoy signal went forth a well WVetzel took refuge in a deserted 116 cabin during a stormy night. By very little respect for Harman's pro- means of a few pieces of boards ject. which he found at hand he prepared Entertaining views of this kind himself a place in the loft to sleep. Lewis Wetzel concluded to pay Fort Just as he had got himself comfort- Harman a visit while stipulations ably fixed six marauding Indians were in progress. For purposes no i entered the luckless cabin, built a altogether pacific in character he fire and prepared a homely supper. took Veach Dickerson, a noted He watched their movements with woodsman, into his confidence. They terrible interest, determined to leap planned an adventure of the most into their midst and sell his iife as reckless daring, at once defying In- dearly as possible, or escape amid dian prowess and military authority. the general confusion. Fortunately Secreting themselves in the am- they did not observe him and soon bush near the path leading from the the whole party was sound asleep. fort to the camp they awaited the Softly as a cat he descended fiom his coveted opportunity. At length a perch and vanished from that old solitary Indian appeared riding on shanty, which had seemed the very horseback at top of speed. They jaws of death. But once out in the challenged him, but he heeded them free air of his native wood he wa . not. They fired, but he did not come not content to slink away and leave down. Knowing, however, that the so good an opportunity to vent his alarm would soon be spread that a vengeance unimproved. Concealing peaceable Indian had been shot at himself in rifle range of the cabin's and that they should incur the re- door he patiently awaited the appear- sentment of both the Indians and the ance of one of the Indians. Soon whites, they lost no time in getting after break of day a brawny red back to the settlement. As the skin came to the door, yawned and neighbors knew the secret of their stretched, and fell dead from heart expedition they accosted Wetzel on disease, superinduced by a leaden his return with the inevitable, "what missive from Wetzel's gun. Waiting luck?" The sullen answer was "bad only to assure himself of the effect luck. we saw but one red skin, and of his shot he darted away, and soon he riding at the top of speed. We put himself at a safe distance from fired at him but he rode off scratch- the startled and enraged companions ing his back as if stung by a yaller of his victim. jacket." The truth was they had shot him through the hip and the About the year 1789, General Har- lower part of the body-a mortal man, having erected a fort where wound. He reached the fort but ex- Marietta now stands, sent some white pired immediately after. He proved men with a flag of truce, inviting the to be a savage of no little celebrity. adjacent Indian tribes to attend a Lewis Wetzel was immediately parley at the fort to conclude a treaty suspected of committing the outrage, of peace. A large number of Indians and Gen. Harman deputed Capt. accepted the invitation and en- Kingsberry with a company of men camped on the Muskingum a few to proceed to the Mingo bottoms and miles above its mouth. Harman is- take him "dead or alive"-a fruitless sued a proclamation giving notice undertaking, for Wetzel and his clan that a cessation of hostilities was of settlers were not to be molested mutually agreed upon pending the for the trivial affair of killing an In- effort to conclude a treaty. The dian-an achievement, in their utter disregard which Indians had opinion, of the highest merit. When paid former "most solemn treaties ' the object of Kingsberry became was not calculated to inspire great, known the resentment and fury of confidence in any professions of good Wetzel and his friends assumed the faith they might now make, and the character of the most desperate frontiersmen were disposed to show frenzy, and they resolved to ambush 117 and annihilate the whole command. bravest braves, armed to the teeth, But Major McMahan-a prudent and and let me be placed in the midst, sagacious man-counseled them to tomahawk in hand, and then let us moderation till he should obtain a "fight it out." Harmar replied that conference with Kingsberry. Seek- he was an officer appointed by law, ing an interview he told the Captain by which he had to be governed, and how utterly futile any attempt to ar- dare not, if he would, grant such an rest Wetzel would prove. He advised unnatural request; which terminated him to desist, and the advice was the interview. After a few days of heeded. Kingsberry returned with galling confinement, he again sen his men, and Wetzel regarded the for the General, who was prompt to matter as finally and forever adjust- go to him. He said: "General, I was ed. never confined before. It will kill Shortly after this, Wetzel, feeling me if you do not give me the privi- free to roam at will, got into a canoe lege of walking about." The hobbles and set off down the Ohio, for a visit were promptly removed, but the to Kentucky. He stopped for the handcuffs were left securely fastened, night with his friend Hamilton Carr, and he was permitted to walk about who had settled on an islana near the point at the mouth of the Mus- Fort Marmar. By some unaccount- kingum, under the eye of the guard, able means Gen. Harmar was ap- who had instructions to watch him prized of the fact. A guard was sent closely. Upon gaining his liberty h~ over to the island, which surprised would kick up his heels, caper and our hero while sleeping. He was prance like a colt that had broken overpowered by numbers, bound loose from the stall, greatly to the hand and foot, and taken thence to amusement of his guards. He wouia a guard room, where he was loaded run a few yards at the top of speed, with irons. Thus the mighty Samp- as though he meant to break away son of the frontier suffered the ig- from the guards, then as quickly re- nominy of shackles at the house of turn to them. This process he re- his friends. peated over and over, venturing a L. K. Evans. little farther away each succeeding time. Finally, resolving on liberty Our last sketch left our mighty or immediate death, he summoned warrior writhing beneath the ignom- all his energy, made a sudden dart iny of a felon's fetters. Viewed and bounded beyond the lines, and through the spectacles of justice now sought shelter in the woods hard by. in vogue, he deserved his fate. But His movements were so quick and in the light of the frontiersmen who unexpected that the guards were were the victims of Indian treachery, struck with surprise, from which atrocity and heartless savagery, the they did not recover till he was penalty inflicted was simply an out- near a hundred yards away. They rage on public decency-certainly a all fired, but missed. They pursued, villainous disregard of popular sen- but once in the woods he eluded timent. To one of his spirit and their vigilance. He was so well ac- habits the handcuffs and hobbles quainted with the position that he were more terrible than death itself. knew just where to find a safe place Shortly after his incarceration he to hide. In a dense thicket not far requested an interview with General off, a tree had fallen across a log and Harmar. The General granted the matted the brush very close. Under favor. Wetzel frankly admitted hav- this he squeezed himself. He had ing shot the Indian, but entertaining not lain there long till the soldiers such holy horror at the thought of and Indians ordered in pursuit by being hung like a dog, he begged Harmar, began to swarm the wood, that he might be handed over to the in every direction. Two Indians pen- "tender mercies" of his relentless etrated the thicket and stood upon foes. Let a circle be formed of the the log directly above him. His heart 118 beat so violently that he greatly firmness, prepared for any emer- feared its thumping would reveal gency, but leaving the Lieutenant to his place of concealment to the sen- decide upon his own course. Kings- sitive ear of the wary savages. But bury. a brave man himself, did not they shortly passed on, greatly to his wish any injury to so daring a spirit, relief, and the night coming on, all and eyeing him with a significan-t hands gave up the quest and left glance he said: "Get out of my sight, him alone in the thick darkness. you old Indian killer." Wetzel, What was he now to do? His hands quick to perceive the intent, warily were firmly secured with iron cuffs. withdrew, as willing to avoid un- He knew of no friend on that side of necessary danger as he was to court the river to give him friendly aid. it when the emergency justified. He could not construct a raft. He Taking again to his canoe, he wended. dared not attempt to swim the Ohio his way to Limestone, Ky., where he while fettered thus. With the plied his adventurous vocation. gloomiest forebodings he emerged When he had no engagements with from the thicket, and by a somewhat the Indians or hunting parties, he circuitout route reached the river amused himself at shooting, foot- three or four miles below, at a lonely racing and wrestling with the other place. On the opposite shore was hunters. He was reported to be the friendly cabin of Isaac Wiseman. personally popular, as much on ac- Early in the morning he saw his count of his agreeable social quali- friend in a canoe fishing. Fearing ties as of those wonderful traits for to call lest a lurking foe should which he is so justly celebrated. pounce upon him, he attracted his While sitting in a tavern at Mays- friend's attention by a splash in the ville, during a period of leisure, Lieu- water and then waved his hand and tenant Lawler landed a boat full of beckoned him to come. Wiseman soldiers, and finding Wetzel there re- readily aided his old friend. He arrested him, dragged him to the conveyed him to his cabin, and with boat and delivered him that same the aid of hammer and chisel night to Harmar at Cincinnati, who knocked off his fetters and set him again put him in irons to await trial free After recruiting his energies and conviction for an offense which by a day and night's rest, he pro- he readily admitted having com- cured from his friend a gun, am- mitted-that of killing a "noble red munition and blanket and set out in nilan." a canoe for the land of Kentucky, Though Harmar only intended to where he should engage anew in his perform his duty as a soldier, he was favorite adventures, safe from the wanting in that common sense which reach of Harmar and his men. distinguished between the stern let- Subsequently to Wetzel's escape, ter of the law and hat line of policy Harmar moved his headquarters to wherein "prudence is the better part Fort Washington, where Cincinnati of valor." When it became noised now stands. One of his first official about that Wetzel was again in acts at that post was to offer a re- "durance vile," liable to suffer the ward for the apprehension and de- extreme penalty of death on the gal- livery at that garrison of Lewis lows, having only killed an Indian-. Wetzel. On his way down he landed which was accounted a virtue rathei at Point Pleasant, and although a than offense by the settlers-a de- detachment of Harmar's command gree of resentment and indignation was there, he roamed at leisure about was evoked which threatened an or- the town for several days. Lieuten- ganized uprising to release him by ant Kingsbury, ignorant of Wetzel's force. This state of affairs produced presence in that region, while scout- such an impression on the mind of ing about the place met him by acci- Judge Symmes that he was induceu dent. Wetzel saw Kingsbury first to release him upon a writ of habea:s good and halted in the path with great corpus, the requisite bail for his 119 behavior being promptly furnished. to head them off at their crossing Upon his discharge he was escorted place. They scarcely halted, except with great pomp and trininph to to take a little refreshment, till near Columbia, where a great convivial midnight, when a brewing storm feast was .reparcd in honDr of the rendered it too dark to proceed. event. Early in the morning the two re- This is said to have occurred on sumed the exciting chase. Striking the 26th of August, 1789. Judge the trail again in a secluded dell, Foster described him at that period they discovered fresh and more con- as a man twenty-six years old, five vincing evidence that the captive feet ten, full-breasted, very broad- was the young man's affianced bride. shouldered, long arms, dark skinned, With renewed energy they bent their black eyes, face pitted deep with way. Striking the river just after small-pox, and hair, of which he was dark, they discovered to their dismay very careful, when combed reached the camp-fires of the enemy on the to the calves of his legs. In mixed opposite shore just below the mouth company he was taciturn, but the of Captina creek. life of the social party of familiar spirits. His morals were quite ex- Having swam the river and recon- emplary according to the measures noitred the camp, and discovered the of the morals of his day. captive, the young man became al- Shortly after these scenes trans- most uncontrollably frantic for im- pired he revisited his native hills in mediate attack; but the more pru- West Virginia, accepted an invitation dent counsel of Wetzel prevailed, ant. to accompany a young friend and they patiently awaited dawning of relative to his secluded home on the day. At length "auspicious morn waters of Dunkard creek; and now broke in and the savages were up cccurred the thrilling incident which bright and early making prepara- forms the basis of the popular fiction tions to depart. Now was time 'o "Conrad Maer." These two young strike. Simultaneously Wetzel picked men wended their way leisurely off the largest Indian, and the young along, hunting and sporting as they man the renegade. The lovei made went. Upon reaching the young haste to release his sweetheart while man's home what a spectacle met Wetzel pursued the other two In- their view. The paternal roof was a dians who had taken to the woods to heap of smouldering ashes, and all ascertain the attacking force. H- around was a scene of desolation, followed them but a short distance such as only a band of marauding when he fired at random to draw savages could produce. Wetzel was them from concealment. The trick himself again, the sphere of the work succeeded. With uplifted tomahawk now to be done was his native ele- they dashed after him, uttering their ment. He lost no time in examining terrible war whoop; but the adroit the trail. It was made by three In- hunter soon had his piece reloaded, dians, one renegade white, and a and wheeling quickly around shot captive girl which proved to be the the foremost Indian through the betrothed of the young man at his heart. The remaining savage, now side, whose anxiety and ardor to fully assured that his gun was empty, pursue would listen to no restraint. rushed impetuously after him, but The two strode rapidly on, and find- Wetzel by jumping from tree to tree ing the Indians had taken great pre- succeeded in thwarting his adversary caution to conceal their tracks, they till another load was in his gun, pursued with little regard to the ex- when discharging it, this savage also act trail, for the keen discernment of lay dead at his feet. This incident Wetzel led him to conclude that they 'hough smacking somewhat of th ' would endeavor to reach the Ohio sensational is not out of character river by the shortest and most prac- with others known to be authentic, tical route, and he pushed on hoping and is set down by the author of 120 "Our Western Border" as an estab- to venture out lest he should receive lished fact. his death warrant from his antagon- ist. Not relishing the idea of re- Some time after the thrilling epi- maining there all day, Wetzel set his sode related at the close of my last genius to work to invent some decoy sketch, Lewis Wetzel resolved to to lure his enemy out. Presently a visit the fardown South. According- happy thought came to the dauntless ly he engaged on a flat-boat fitting hunter. He adjusted his coon skin c(iA for New Orleans. He was not cap to the end of his ramrod, and again heard from by his friends for then dubiously and cautiously pro- iaily months. And when news did truded it round the tree. The trick come, it reported him in close con- succeeded, for an instant later the linement from some unexplained cap fell pierced with the unerring cause. It was only known that he bullet of the savage. Leaping from was imprisoned and treated as a his cover, Wetzel confronted his Felon. It came out afterward that he astonished antagonist, and before was first charged with passing the tomahawk could be brought into counterfeit money; but this being requistion the luckless brave leaped disproved, it was alleged that he had into the air and fell on his face in been guilty of gross indiscretions the agonies of death. The contents vixth the wife of a certain Spaniard. of Wetzel's gun had done its fatal Of the nature of these charges but work. little is known; but by some govern- The most practical woodman of his mental interference he was released day, his services were much sought and sent home by way of Philadel- after by pioneers and persons desir- phia. He remained at his child- Ing to locate land. John Madison hood's home on Wheeling creek, but dealt largely in Western lands. He it is said that his personal appear- secured the services of Wetzel in lo- ance had much changed. He then cating his lands on the Kanawha. spent a few days at Wheeling, and One day they came upon a deserted departed again for the South, vowing Indian camp and each appropriated vengeance against the author of his to himself a blanket which they late imprisonment. Mrs. Cookis, of found concealed there. Afterwards Wheeling, a relative, rallied hirL whilst crossing the Little Kanawha while at her home on the subject of they were fired upon by Indians and matrimony, and asked if he ever in- Madison was killed. tended to marry. He replied, "No, General Clark, who accompanied ex- there is no woman in this world for Lewis Rockey in his celebrated me, but I expect there is one in ploring tour across the Rockcy Moun- of Heaven." tains, had heard much of the fame and re- In the lapse of time he again re- Lewis Wetzel in Kentucky, the turned to Wheeling, he was reticent solved to secure his services in as to his affair with the hated Span- perilous expedition. A special mes- he re- iard, and it is not known whether he sage was sent to him, and wreaked his coveted vengeance or luctantly consented to go. He accom- three Fond as ever of his old vocation panied the party for the first not. go any of rambling and hunting through the months when he declined to Soon woods, he continued to gratify that farther, and returned home. on a propensity. Returning from an ex- thereafter he departed again He visited tended hunt in the forests north of flat-boat down the river. about the Ohio, fatigued and careless of his a relative named Philip Sycks movements, he was startled by sud- twentv miles inland from Natchez till the year denly espying an Indian in the very and made his home there late act of raising his gun to shoot him. 1808, when he died. "The of Bel- He treed as quick as thought, as did venerable David McIntyre, also the Indian. There they stood mont county, Ohio, one of the most the for an hour or more, neither daring reliable and respectable men in 121 State, said that he met Lewis Wetzel and with a credence closely akin to at Natchez in April, 1808, and re- full belief, as a faithful chronicle of mained with him three days; and what gives evidence of authentic that Wetzel told him he would visic tradition, I could not terminate this his friends during the then approach- sketch without relating what, in the ing summer. But that was a project light of the foregoing, seems to be he failed to effect. Death, the the most wonderful of all: Michael mighty conqueror, had done the work Crow, against whose reputation for that the combined efforts of the Six honesty the breath of suspicion was Nations could not accomplish. never taken, and who was contem- Thus, I have attempted, in a very poraneous with Wetzel, who was his concise manner, to delineate what- neighbor and must have been a some- ever of recorded history and of un- what intimate companion-this same written tradition which had the sem- Michael Crow up to his latest breath blance of authenticity, that I could is known to stoutly deny all these gather concerning the life of this fabulous stories concerning the Wet- wonderful adventurer. To one who zels, and to repel with spirit any in- has carefully perused these sketches, sinuations of the desperado, dare- further comment as to his character devil character attributed to thenm. is unnecessary. Each can draw his I cannot so reconcile these apparent own opinion as to his usefulness as contradictions upon any other princi- a citizen. He did a kind service ple than that Michael Crow had such which was indispensible to a frontier high regard for his comrade and life. But Mr. McKnight wisely re- friend, that he refused utterly to ba- marked: "Happily, all the old fron- lieve any aspersion upon his charac- tiermen were not such dare-devils as ter. With him confidence amoun e2 were the Wetzels. If they had been to knowledge, and he, therefore knevw the country could never have been that Lewis Wetzel was not guil.e at settled. They and their kith were such desperate deed?- out guards. The men who built the In my next I shall note some in- forts and houses and cultivated the cidents in the experience of Lewis soil were the true settlers." Wetzel's brothers. And yet, after all I have written, L. K. Evan-;.

Ryerson Station Ryerson Station is a post of some George Ccnnell, of Philadelphia, as historic notoriety. It is located near an accomplished fact, as a good, the western border of the county and round, fat speculation. We can well at the junction of North Wheeling judge of Mr. Connell's chagrin upon creek with its south branch. The lo- arriving at his supposed paradise, cation is picturesquely attractive, and when he beheld instead but a few is the natural center of much exceed- rude huts at the confluence of two ingly fertile bottom land. So strik- wild streams, amid dense tangled ing is its natural beauty and so thickets and surrounded by rugged susceptible of being improved and hills covered by an unbroken forest. beautified by art, that its original So far as I know Ryerson Station owner, Thomas Ryerson, who was re- is not distinguished by any tragic garded as a shrewd and unscrupulous scenes of blood and carnage. But it speculator, at an early day con- was on the highway the Indians fre- ceived the idea of drafting on paper quently trod to and from their deeds a representation of what it might be of rapine anct death. Hence it was made, and palmed it off on an unsus- deemed an important strategic point, pecting old sea captain by name of and at an early day in the history of Connell, father of the late Senator the country the Colonial government- 122 of Virginia then claiming the terri- ing ridge separating the waters of tory and exercised jurisdiction over Wheeling from those of Dunkard it, authorized the construction of a creeks. But what became of the fort there for the safety and con- mother remains to this day shrouded venience of scouts, who were the in mystery, as she was never after- signal corps and the military tele- ward heard from. have al- graphs at that day. As we of this bloody massacre at a The victims ready seen Capt. James Seals the site of their with were buried on later period rendezvoused there the graves are dis- whom death. I believe a company of rangers, among to this day. I am also father and tinguishable were the grandfather, informed that the skeleton remains Teagarden and uncles of Isaac of an Indian were exposed some years the father of Hon. Thomas Lazear. ago, in that neighborhood, by the Jesse Lazear. banks of the stream being washed year 1790 a family by About the away. name of Davis resided on the north Ryerson Station branch of Wheeling creek, about Four miles below was the scene miles above Ryerson Station. is Crow's mill, which three incidents, as seen and a short distance below where of many thrilling devoted to that special Stall's or Kincaid's mill now is. The from sketches family, with the exception of one settlement. fortunate lad, who had been sent out There is a tradition that one to drive up the horses, were seated Robert Carroll, his wife and two around the breakfast table partaking small children, and his two brothers, of an humble but substantial repast. John and Hamilton. lived on a Suddenly a party of warrior savages branch of Wheeling creek in the appeared at the cabin door The old border of what is now Washington man and his two sons sprang up as county, and not far from the Beulah by instinct to reach for their guns Baptist church. One night while which hung on their convenient pegs Robert was absent from home an on the cabin wall; but the design alarm of savages reached his family. was detected by the Indians who in- Preparations were made to start stantly shot the three dead on the early next morning to seek safety in spot. After scalping the victims, Lindley's fort. At earliest dawn the dispatching the breakfast and pillag- two brothers went out to gather a ing the premises, they made captive some dry fuel with which to cook both the mother and only daughter, and hasty breakfast, when they were departed on their way up the cree.t. shot dead by ambushed Indians. The, in The boy in search of the horse, mother with a two-year-old child managed to elude them and escaped her arms and one four years old by a unharmed. the hand, glided unobserved into It appears that they captured a field of maturing corn near by. One of the Indians mounted When Indians approached the cabin horse. pups it, and taking the girl before him and a slut which had a litter of the woman behind him, was traveling under one of the beds, disputed their sh;e gaily along. However, they had not entrance with such ferocity that they proceeded far when a shot from the had to be dispatched before rifle of John Henderson, who lay could get in. This gave the fugitive get out concealed in an adjoining thicket, mother and children time to scalped knocked the jolly savage off. But of hearing. The marauders house, even whether the wound was fatal or not the brothers, pillaged the did not remain to find out. to emptying the feather beds, and Henderson But He had to provide himself safety made off with their plunder. from the party of the infuriated sav- Mrs. Carroll with her two children made good her escape by fleeing ages. fort, Some months later the putrid re- about ten miles to Lindley's she mains of the daughter were discover- where a few days subsequently ed in the woods just over the divid- gave birth to another child. 123 There is another tradition, that on though within the present boun- Crabapple run, in Richhill township. daries of Washington county, at there lived in the troublous days, on various times Indians slaughtered a lands now owned by David G. Brad- family by name of McIntyre, a family dock, a family by name of Hame by name of Beeham, a family by This family consisted of father, name of Link, a family by name of mother and five or six children. The McIntosh, a M-s. Nancy Ross, and murderous savages came one day, tomahawked and scalped two Beek- and without a moment's warning man boys, and committed many other massacred in cold blood the entire depredations, the traditions of all of family, a deed of horror that could which have become so dim by the not be surpassed, and yet oblivion erasures of time that I have been un- has almost shrouded all the facts able to elicit sufficient particulars to from the knowledge of the race. justify an attempt at relating them. In this same general neighborhood, L. K. Evans.

The Other Wetzel Boys Martin was the oldest of the fain- bloody tragedy and escape to his iiy, and no doubt endured more or home. Presently the lone Indian the real hardship of border life than came in with his load of game. did any of the rest. I imagine that Martin went forward upon the pre- he was versed in all the arts of In- tense of aiding him in ridding him- dian warfare, and was an adept in all self of the load. When the Indian the arts of science. He was the stooped to put off the game, Wetzel pioneer among the boys and gave struck him such a powerful blow them the first lessons in the use of with his tomahawk as laid him dead the gun, &c. But he was once sur- at his feet. Apprehending now no prised and taken prisoner by the wily danger of pursuit he leisurely packed savages. He manifested the greatest up what prcender he could carry satisfaction with his condition and and made his M ay home with the. soon succeeded in luring the Indians three scalps, after an absence of into the belief that he was perfectly nearly a year. content with them-not even enter- Tne first adventure in which John taining a thought of home. He ac- Wetzel engaged, of which I have any quired implicit confidence and was knowledge, was a horse stealing ex- adopted into one of the leading fami- pedition. Seven daring spirits joined lies. But he never ceased to think themsplves together for the purpose of home, with a most intense longing cfr visiting the Indian country to return to it. He from the first avowedly to steal horses in retalia- determined to escape, but to signalize tion of like depredations committed this event by some daring act of on the settlements by the Indians. vengeance upon the race who had They penetrated the forests to a dragged him away from his friends. point near the head waters of Mus- Finally the opportunity came. He kingum where they made a capture and three Indians went on a hunting of fifteen good horses. They then expedition. One day he managed to immediately began a hasty retreat. meet one of them far from the camp, On the evening of the second day of where he shot and scalped him. At their homeward march one of their night he manifested so much concern party was taken violently ill and about the missing Indian that the could not travel. This caused them other two had no suspicion of the to encamp for the night. Near morn- foul deed. The next day the second ing they were surprised and attacked one fell a victim to his gun, whom by Indians, and three of their party having scalped, he made his way to were killed outright, while the other the camp resolved to complete the four escaped with their lives only. 124 abandoned horses, guns, They did not secure the promised having contemplation and all accoutrements in "pet." At this day the blankets shudder haste to get away. They got of such a fact causes one to their then such things to the settlements after ex- with horror; but back aspect. John Wetzel periencing many and severe hard- wore a different died in the vicin- ships, and thus ended the horse and Dickerson both stealing project. ity of Wheeling. I have already John Wetzel and Veach Dickerson Of Jacob Wetzel the project of given one incident. He was a small one time conceived a Indian prisoner. No boy then. He afterwards became taking an man, and could be assigned for this ad- stalwart and powerful reason captors many terri- except the mere novelty of ived to teach his venture peculiar mode of the thing, as it had not been a cus- ble lessons in their Though the hero of many tom among the whites to take Indian warfare. in which he distinguished prisoners of war. With this avowed an exploit second to no border hero intent, these daring spirits set out himself as the particulars of only having painted and dressed in com- of his time, traversed one of them have been preserved plete Indian fashion. They In the San- with any degree of distinctness. the unbroken forest to near the met with an this affair he was associated with dusky river before they in a their purpose world renowned Simon Kenton, opportunity to attempt to the! hill themselves close fall hunt. They repaired Here they concealed of the Ken- first day several country near the mouth t o a path. The arrived at along, too gicat iu tucky river. When they parties passed contemplated the purpose of the the place where they numbers to suit they discov- On the second day establishing their camp two adventurers. had been they saw two coime ered signs that the ground of the ambush A Wetzel They immediately preoccupied by Indians. sauntering along. men to and walking and a Kenton were not the Atepped into the path sufficient Indians in the abandon a project without forward greeted the to discover When within reason. They resolved most familiar terms. party. They at Wetzel struck one the strength of the reaching distance, finding their camp- Dickerson seized the once set about down while succeeded in doing on the Wetzel coming to his aid, which they other. of the second day of their they bound him, and commenced a evening hasty retreat. All worked well till search. the situation after they had crossed the Mus- Upon reconnoitering to consist of kingum some distance, when their hley found the party captive became suddenly stubborn five warriors, but notwithstanding two, they and determined to die there rather our heroes numbered only the camp. But than be taken to the settlements to resolved to attack expectations, be tortured to death amid the scoffs contrary to usual the whites. They p greed to defer the onset till day- and jeers of be- that he should not be tor- light. They took their position promised and the things he so much hlind a large log near the foe, tured-that Wetzel should not occur. But he awaited the full blown day. dreaded rifle, and at. was incredulous and would not pro- iad a double barreled both fired and ceed. They then applied a withe the concerted signal bit the dust. to his back, but he only became two of the Indians well discharged his more obstinate. All their efforts Wetzel immediately the fell. Now to induce him to travel proving abor- other barrel and another equal and our they concluded to kill him and their numbers were tive, log into the his scalp. This they did and 1eroes sprang over the take The remain- haste to join their friends. camp with awful yells. made to their heels had succeeded in bringing home ing two Indians took They one closely them two scalps but the boasted in different directions, with Kenton, and prisoner was not among the trophies. pursued by the athletic 125 the other by the fleet footed Wetzel. times misguided and overzealous Both were overtaken, and when men. For further details of the fore- Wetzel and Kenton next met an In- going inc dents and adventures 1 dian's scalp graced the belt of each. take pleasure in referring the reader With this sketch I bid farewell to to "Our Western Borrder," a late the Wetzel family, trusting that I and most interesting work by Charles have done no injustice to the memory McKnight, Esq., of Pittsburgh, Pa. of these brave, generous, but oft L. K. Evans.

George Morris The subject of this sketch leads while he was absent from his camp, me again into the unbroken wilder- a band of Indians discovered it, and ness of a hundred years ago. Of his seizing his store of furs, laid desolate ancestors I have little or no informa- his humble home. What he thought tion. He was a native of New Jersey, and felt upon returning and finding born in the year 1744 of an honor- his habitation in ashes and his for- able parentage, but possessing tune gone can only faintly be imag- neither titular rank nor distinguish- ined. Discouraged, disheartened and ing wealth. Leaving home by con- oppressed with most threatening dan- sent of his parents, at the early age gers what could he do but retrace his of 18, he became the architect of his steps to the settlements in Virginia? own fortune. This he did and engaged once more Possessed by a spirit of adventure, in the arduous but honorable occupa- he bent his energies to fit and equip tion of a day laborer. himself for border life. From his The winter months passed slowly native state he migrated to Virginia and drearily to our Knight of the early in 1762, where he labored six Solitude. The love of adventure in months, which enabled him to pro- mountain recesses where never white cure a rifle gun and ammunition, and man trod, inspired him to a new de- a buckskin outfit. Boldly pushing parture in the early spring. Ere the hlis way into the unbroken forest, he spring frosts of 1764 had been reached the Carolina boundary near thawed away, with no companion bu., the eastern base of the Blue Ridge, his gun, he turned his face westward. and crossed over the mountains to Surmounting range after range o; the headwaters of the Holstein and rugged mountain heights-brooking Clinch rivers; but returning to one dangers the most appalling from both of the tributaries of the Roanake, far savages and beasts of prey, and en- up in its mountain source, he estab- during hardships and exposures be-- lished his camp and began to hunt yond the power of pen to portray, he and trap for furs. Here he was sub- reached the upper valley of the clear, ject to all the perils incident to such black water of Cheat river. Many a life-liable at any time to meet the were the thrilling incidents exper- "Grim Monster" at the hands of ienced by our lone traveler in his heartless savages or ravenous beasts. perilous journey. He had frequently While here he escaped most fearful to sleep among the branches of death by killing a panther which was standing trees to secure his person in the very act of leaping upon him, from ravages of hungry wolves, and by an unerring shot from his trusty many were the devices resorted to gun. Notwithstanding the dangers to elude the notice of wandering which beset him and the hardships tribes of treacherous Indians. he had to endure, he was doing a From the lofty summits of Laurel thriving business and began to think Hill he had descried the beautiful seriously of settling down in this valleys of the Monongahela, and be- region for life. But after some came enamored of the prospect. Like months of great success, one day Moses from Mt. Pisgah's top, he 126 viewed the promised land. He fol- dreaming of the glorious land be- lowed Cheat to its confluence, and yond the Alleghenies, with its luxu- the Monongahela to the mouth of riant valleys, meandering streams, Whiteley creek, exploring the coun- located as he then thought within try as he went. Ascending the valley the bounds of Northwestern Virginia. of Whiteley about eight miles, he It would be a source of great pleas- seems to have discovered the goal of ure to give the names of his associ- his ambition. For he at once set ates but unfortunately this informa- about marking the spot for his fu- tion seems to be consigned to ob- ture home. After spending several livion. However, this year witnessed weeks in acquainting himself with a still greater immigration to this the territory round about, and be- locality, as a Baptist church was lieving no settlements to exist west built there in the fall and organized of the mountains he girded himsei' with thirty constituent members, for the return trip, as winter was ap- whose names are all well preserved proaching, for which he had made no on the church record. adequate preparation. It was early in the month of June He supposed himself to be also the when Mr. Morris and his associates first white man that ever laid eyes on arrived at what is now known as this fertile wilderness waste, as he Garard's Fort. He repaired at once nowhere found any traces of civiliza- to the site which he had selected for tion. But long years afterward. he himself on his former visit, and be- learned that the Eckerlin brothers gan its improvement. This farm has had preceded him full a decade of never been suffered to pass out of the years, and had given the name of hands of his descendants, being now their religious sect to Dunkard creek owned and occupied by Mr. Josephus as a monument to their memory; and H. Morris, his grandson. also that five deserters from the gar- This little colony having brought rison at Fort Pitt had in the year with them a few agricultural imple- 1761 ascended the Monongahela in a ments and carpenter's tools, at once canoe as far as the mouth of George's took the precautionary measure of creek, the present site of New Gen- constructing a place of refuge and eva for common defense. And this fact Again our sturdy young hero is on leads to the conclusion that Justus the weary tramp, and after thirty Garard was one of the original com- days of most toilsome march he pany. For the fort was called reached his old associations in the Garard's Fort, and these two men peaceful settlements of East Virginia. subsequently became brothers-in-law Again he applied himself diligently by marrying, the former Margarei in the ordinary industry of the times, and the latter Rachel, daughters of vainly endeavoring all the while to the Rev. John Corbly. The fort was enlist a colony to go out with him situated on a peculiar elevation and possess the goodly land of his which arises in a semi-circular shape discovery. In vain his argument, in in the midst of a level north of Judge vain his vivid description of beauty Garard's present residence. Thi? of landscape and fertility of soil, of structure was originally about 100' salubrity and health inspiring cli- feet square and consisted of a strong mate. Outweighing all these consid- palisade, made of puncheons about erations was the dread of encounter- fifteen feet in height and planted in ing formidable mountains and appre- the ground about four feet to pre- hended exposures to weather, to vent the Indians from undermining beasts and to savages. Nor did ho them. It was provided with the succeed till the spring of 1773 in in- necessary port holes and other con- ducing any to regard his scheme with veniences for defense. In course of sufficient favor to make the hazard- time this fortification was extended. ous venture. All this while he was strengthened and conformed to the patiently working, but constantly necessities of the settlers, and for ten 127 or twelve years was the resort and English braggart soon found himself home of the entire settlement. In distanced by the border of the moc- my next I shall detail further inci- casin and leather breeches. His great dents of the life of Mr. Morris. fleetness of foot became the wonder L. K. Evans. of the camp, and besides making him a favorite with those of his rank, at- The settlement in the vicinity of tracted the attention of Lord Dun- Garard's Fort increased rapidly in more himself. Among the comrades the number of its inhabitants during of Morris was Matthew Hennen, the this year, 1773. In the fall, a Baptist ancestor of all the Greene county church-house was built in the south- Hennens, who was on terms of inti- west corner of the present grave yard macy with Governor Dunmore. He enclosure, and an organization effect- was much elated at the result of the ed of 30 members, whose names have race, and in a social conversation been recorded in a previous sketch. with the Governor on the subject, im- Everything appeared prosperous and proved the opportunity to inform the settlement seemed on the high- him that Morris was not only the way to peace and plenty; but in the fleetest footman on the border, but early spring of 1774 grim visaged that he had no superior as a marks- war hung like a pall upon the coun- man; and was only equaled by the try, and infuriated savages were celebrated Lewis Whitine who was visiting rapine and massacre almost known as a prodigy with the rifle. within the confines of the fort itself. Men are yet living who can attest to Unprovoked murders had been com- George Morris' reputation as a mitted on Dunkard waters, and the marksman, for in the year 1840, at Spencer family on dividing ridge had the age of 96 years, he made a single been inhumanly butchered. trial of his skill which proved a This state of affairs spread dis- center shot. couragement and dread over the com- On the evening of Matthew Hen- munity. The state of peace and nen's conversation with Dunmore, an domestic industry was changed for orderly was sent for Morris with per- the cultivation of the arts of war. emptory orders to report at head- Lord Dunmore, then Governor of quarters. Morris reluctantly obeyed, Virginia, issued an order for the re- not surmising the purport of the in- cruiting of volunteers with which to terview. But his suspense soon gave chastise and subdue the Indians. way to grateful surprise, as he re- When the news reached Garard's ceived from his Excellency a commis- Fort, George Morris is said to have sion as Captain of Scouts-the very been the first to volunteer. A num highest honor that an English-Lord ber of his comrades having followed and Governor could confer on a pri- his example, they equipped them.- vate soldier. The position was one selves as best they could and under- of great danger and responsibility took the hazardous feat of joining and was only conferred on the Dunmore's encampment. This they bravest and most trustworthy. accomplished after enduring many Captain Morris early espoused the hardships. cause of American independence, and Shortly after their arrival in camp when it became known that Lord an incident occurred important in its Dunmore was aiding and abetting the results to Morris, and one of no less British interest by the most despica- interest to his descendants. A young ble means-that of enlisting the In- Englishman belonging to the army dians-Morris in a passion of pa- who prided himself upon his activity, triotic indignation drew the commis- boasted that he could beat any back-- sion from his pocket and tore it into woodsman in camp running. No on," shreds. He was now no longer a accepting the banter, Morris signified captain in the British service, but he his readiness to try him a race. And was none the less a soldier and pa- upon a trial of their speed, the triot. 128 At the close of Dunmore's war he too faintly shadowed to justify re- returned to Garard's Fort to culti- lating them. vate his farm and if need be exercise When the wars were over, and the functions of a scout in that lo- peace and security shed their genial cality. On one occasion, he and Dick influence around, Captain Morris ap- Hall and a man by the name of plied himself industriously to the Keener were on a scouting expedition cultivation and improvement of his and were fired upon by Indians con- lands; and by frugality and economy cealed in the thickets near the soon secured all the comforts of a present site of Maj. Henry Lantz's well ordered home. residence. Keener was killed, but In the beginning of the war 1812, MIorris and Hall escaped to the fore, when the military excitement ran Morris receiving a slight wound. high and recruiting offices were be- They had returned the fire and as the ing established all over the land, a sequel proved, killed an Indian, who meeting was held at Captain Morris' was found scalped the next day by house. The meeting was addressed Henry Syckes, as narrated in a by several Revolutionary soldiers. previous sketch. Capt. Morris, an aged man, arose and He was captain of the company said, "I have six sons old enough to that pursued the band of Indians that enlist, and unless three of them committed the Corbly massacre on volunteer, I will shoulder my rifle the 10th of May, 1782, but so rapid and go myself." Thereupon, Levi, Nas the retreat of these savages that George and Jonathan stepped for- our eager pursuers did not get sight ward and enlisted. Others followed of them till they were landing on the their example till a company of cav- western shore of the Ohio, and it was alry under the command of Capt. not deemed prudent to follow them Scaly, was in a few days off for the any further. seat of war. On one occasion while Captain It is said that Captain Morris Morris was alone scouting near the would never accept a pension for his Ohio river, he discovered a large military services, at the hands of his body of Indians close at hand, and Government, nor an office at the concealed himself unobserved in a hands of the people always averring clump of underbrush and leaves, that he had ample means without the party passed within a few yardi such aid, and preferred a private to of him. Knowing them to be on the a public life. war path, he stealthily emerged fromi He was for sixty years a consistent his hiding place and, by evading their' member of the regular Baptist path and traveling all night, succeed- church, and in the evening of his ed in reaching the settlements in days he is known to have declared time to warn the inhabitants of the that he was not conscious that a approaching danger. blasphemous word ever escaped his Once while enjoying the solitude lips, or a falsehood, or that his brain of his lonely cabin, situated near the had ever been addled by intoxication. site of the present residence of his Few, indeed, can boast a life so pure grandson, Josephus H. Morris, heard and spotless. the snap of a twig, and upon casting He died at the residence of his son glance out the window beheld a Jonathan-the old stonehouse-near a the crouching Indian, gliding from tree the church at Garard's Fort on to tree. In an instant the borderer's 20th of January, 1842, in the ninety- trusty rifle sounded a death knell. eighth year of his age. His remains Then he struck out for the fort fol- a re interred in the old grave yard lowed by a pack of infuriated sav- hard by the old fort, of which he was ages; but his superior fleetness se- long the commandant. There they cured him an easy victory. He had repose, marked only by an ordinary many other adventures of like char- moss-grown sand stone, while his aocter the traditions of which are now grateful posterity number hundreds 129 and possess millions of wealth. I ters, but they both married Gustins suggest that they yet rear a suitable and settled in Ohio, near Cincinnati. monument to his memory. The facts in the foregoing sketches He had six sons and two daughters have been gleaned principally from -John and George settled near New- notes furnished by Dr. Spencer Mor- town; Levi at Mt. Morris, Jonathan ris, who was the son of Jonathan, at Garard's Fort, and Huston and who was the son of George. Isaiah went west. I have not been able to learn the names of the daugh- L. K. Evans.

Historical Sketch of Greene County Delivered at Jefferson, July 4, 1876 Such was the beginning and such of the many daring feats of heroism the character of the bloody warfare and gallant exploits that they per- which was sustained at intervals formed. through a period of twenty years, till Contemporaneous with these In- the year 1794, when Gen. Anthony dian troubles was a complication Wayne, through the force of several fully as serious and vastly more hu- successive and most brilliant cam- miliating. It is a sad episode in the paigns, broke the spirit of the enemy history of the country that in 1777 and conquered a lasting peace. l when the country was in her life or will be interesting to enumerate the death struggle for independence, thai massacres and murders and hair- a majority of her citizens were loyal breadth escapes incident to this bor- to the Crown. The people became der life, but time admonishes and I wonderfully agitated and the direct desist. But I cannot, however, ig- results were imminent in consequence nore such important events as th- of the Tory predominance in the massacre of William McClelland and community, and threatening attitude his family, near Waynesburg, in they sustained to the loyal people- 1788; of the slaughter of 18 men at viewed in the light of the possible Statler's fort in the same year; of contingency of their alliance with the massacre of Rev. John Corbly .: the Indians who were allies of the family at Garard's Fort in 1782, and English. But the patriotism of the of the Crow sisters on Wheeling few was equal to the occasion, and creek in 1791. Nor can I resist mak- suppressed with little or no blood- ing the startling statement that I shed the threatened uprising by force have gathered traditions of the of determined will and superior slaughter of full 100 of the citizens courage. The names of those loyal of Greene county by the implacable men are still cherished by a grateful red-handed savage. Nor would I posterity, while those of the Tories, leave off these reflections without as such, have been charitably per- paying a tribute to the matchless mitted to perish from the earth. heroism of Mrs. Experience Bozarth, Just about the time peace was con- who paid the ransom of her mur- cluded with the Indians, the notor- dered innocents by killing three ious Whisky Rebellion began. Then merciless savages with an ax. And the manufacture, sale and use of John Minor, William Crawford, spirituous liquors were regarded by Charles Swan, Richard Morris, Henry all classes as legitimate and honor- Sycks, Joe Archer, James Seals, able and the imposition of excise Vince Brown, Abraham Teagarden, upon it by the Government, was ani Martin Crow and many others de- act as odious to them as was the serve to have their names engraven Stamp Act which made the pretext on the tablets of- the heart in honor for the Revolution. They believed in 130 the sentiment expressed by the Con- of the Peace commissions: James: gress of 1774, that "an excise law Bell, Levi Harrod, Eli Baily, Thos. was the horror of all free States." Hughes, John Minor, Henry Van- And when the Congress of 1791 im- meter, ,aines Archer, David Gray, posed a tax of four pence per gallon, SamuelzaydeandTThomas Ryerson. it was deemed excessively oppressive The struggle for a separate exist- and was interpreted as an insult to ence commenced in 1791 when Col- Western Pennsylvania, since this sec- onel Minor was first elected to the tion alone was so deeply interested Legislature. He was chosen three in the traffic. In 1798 the territory times and defeated twice on the same now Greene county, had seventy issue. Twice he succeeded with the registered distilleries. Hence, the people but failed with the Legisla- interest involved was enormous, and ture. But during his third term the in the light of this fact their act of measure passed both branches of the tesistance and rebellion may, to ;a Legislature and received Gov. Thos. certain extent, be palliated and ex- Mifflin's approval on the 9th of Feb- cused; and yet it was unwise and ruary, 1796. On the same day David rash, and involved many of them inl Gray, Stephen Gapen, William Meet- qi sea of troubles which led to humili- kirk, Isaac Jenkinson and James ation. Seals were commissioned Trustees or From a military standpoint, Greene Greene county and authorized to pur- county has acquitted herself in every chase a tract of land near the center emergency with credit. As early as of the county, not exceeding 500 1782 a company of volunteers from acres, upon which to erect a court the Ten Mile participated in a dis- house, county jail, &c., and until astrous expedition of Col. William these conditions were complied with, Crawford to the Sandusky Plains. the several courts of the county were Many of her citizens were soldiers in to be held at the house of Jacob the Revolutionary war. A company Kline, on Muddy creek, on lands now of choice soldiers under CapL. Jame.; owned by Eli Long. John Minor Seals served with distinction during and John Boreman were commission- the campaigns of "Mad An(hony ed to administer oaths-their com- Wayne," which terminated in 1794, missions bearing date March 17, all Indian hostilities east of the Ohio. 1796, are the first entries made oi' [n the war of 1812. she was repre- the county record. John Minor, John sented by many brave and effective Flenniken, David Gray and John men, as also in the Mexican war of Badolet were appointed Associate 1846. Judges-John Boreman was commis- As regards the late civil war o? sioned Register of Deeds, Prothono- the great rebellion - its stirring tary, Clerk of the Orphans' Court, events and the gallantry of Greene Register of Wills and Clerk of the county's numerous volunteers, are so Court and Oyer and Terminer and his green in the memory of you all as to bond is recorded with James Car- preclude the necessity of any fLrthe., michaels, William Crawford and allusion to them here. Charles Anderson as sureties, an:l Prior to separation from Washing'- witnessed by John Minor and Samuel ton county, our territory was divided Hyde. At the same time Thomas Into Morgan, Cumberland, Greene, Sedgwick, Abel Cary, William Lee. Franklin and Richhill townships. William Seaton and William Inghrant While sustaining that relation John were appointed Justices of the Peace Minor, a resident of Cumberland -James Hook was made Sheriff and township, was elected to Legislature James Boone Commissioner. And In 1791. was again elected in 1793, thus the new county stood fully or- and again ni 1795. Henry Vanmeter ganized. was chosen Commissioner in 1788. The trustees proceeded at once to and Zachary Gapen in JJ792 and the secure a proper site for the county following named persons held Justice seat, and according to a deed on file 131 dated October 28, 1796, bought a county. It is an unsavory duty to tract of land called "Eden" from- chronicle the mistakes of our fathers, Thomas Slater and Eleanor his wife, but the faithful historian cannot containing 158 1/2 acres, at a cost of shun to declare the whole truth. Had $2,376, had it surveyed, plotted and they, in the days long ago, grasped named Waynesburg. They then pro- the idea now so patent to every ob- ceeded to erect a log court house, server of human affairs, that high- which is still standing in a remark- ways for rapid and cheap transporta- ably good state of preservation, and tion is the one great essential to makes a comfortable dwelling for the progress, how different might our family of Daniel Anderson, Sr., on condition be today. We shall aever Greene street. know the vast capabilities which demonstrated had For a time after the organization might have been of the county the population increas the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad permitted to construct ed very rapidly. Villages sprang into Company been existence and mills and factories that mighty engine of power and in- were instituted, and Greene bid fair fluence through Greene county, and to rival her neighbors in enterprise may we in thus reviewing the past, and progress. Greensboro and other heed the lessons it teaches. places along the Monongahela were In general education Greene coun- important shipping points and did a ty has followed the lead of the most thriving trade. But in the years suc- advanced rural districts and her pub- ceeding 1818, the Great Nationat lic schools rank favorably with those Turnpike having been opened up of our neighboring counties. The through Washington and Fayette importance of advanced education counties, the currents of trade began was felt at a comparatively early to be diverted from us to find their period, and measures were inaugu- centers in towns located along the rated which resulted in the establish- line of that improvement. While ing of Greene Academy at Carmich- this lent a magic impulse to the ad- aels in the year 1809. This time- vancement of our neighbors, it honored institution was the harbing- caused a corresponding depression er of great good and diffused a halo and decline with us. From that per- of light over a then benighted land. iod the evidences of rapid progress Subsequently Waynesburg College began to, wane, the din of the work added increased luster to our educa- shops grew less demonstrative and tional horizon, in which, the new the spirit of enterprise began to luminary Monongahela College is droop. Failing to put ourselves in just beginning to rise. Greene coun- communication with the great thor- ty is perhaps unrivalled in her ap- oughfare by any better means of preciation of the value of education. transportation than an ungraded and the tendency is to a lofty stand- mud pike, almost impassible half the ird of learning among the masses. year, it was impossible to compete In point of moral and religious with those enjoying such superior culture our people have always stood facilities. Thenceforward, from sheer in fair repute. The Scotch-Irish necessity, we were driven to adopt Episcopalians and Presbyterians and the only pursuit practicable to be the German and Welsh English Bap- followed without better means of tists who first possessed the land, transportation - that of raising diffused such rigid, moral sentiments horses, cattle, hogs and sheep, a pro- and inculcated such orthodox Bible duct possessing the means of locomo- doctrines as have been productive of tion and that could be driven to wholesome results to the present day. market without the mediation of Notably, be it remarked that no son such devices as modern railroads of Greene county has ever expiated a This pursuit we have prosecuted with felony upon the scaffold. much success and have acquired en- In natural advantages, God has viable celebrity as a stock raising dealt most lavishly with Greene 132 county. She has a most healthful discretion and sterling integrity was and delightful climate. In fertility Representative for the third term of soil she has no superior. She has and exercised enough influence in no waste places-no sterile moun- 1796 to secure the passage of the tains nor desert plains. Her forests new County bill against the most of oak, poplar, walnut and maple strenuous and persistent opposition. were unexcelled. Coal, lime and Isaac Weaver, Jr., an honored resi- sandstone abound in copious pro- dent of Muddy creek valley was fusion. Water, clear as crystal and speaker of the House of Representa- pure as life gurgles from almost tives in the year 1800. In 1802 to every field. Her majestic creeks af- 1806 he was state treasurer. He was ford power sufficient to propel the elected to the state senate in 180 0 machinery of the world two-thirds of and served four years, elected again the year round, while the deep. in 1812 for two years, again in 1816 still, navigable Monongahela lays the and during which term he was speak- entire extent of the eastern border. er, and was again elected in 1820. With all these munificent gifts, it Rees Hill, one of the ablest of Greene would be strange indeed, had we not county's illustrious men, was elected attained to considerable wealth and to the House of Representatives for culture. But alas! we have been too several successive terms and was content with our endowments and speaker of that body in 1816 and have failed to co-operate with nature again in 1819. William G. Hawkins by using sufficiently the energies of was elected to the state senate in art. Our vast resources have lain 1824 and served ten years and was dormant, our capital has rusted and chosen speaker in 1830. our industry has been comparatively Maxwell McCaslin was speaker of fruitless because of isolation from the Senate in 1854, the only instance the marts of trades; and if we could that we have had the speaker of but signalize this Centennial year by either house in the last forty-five the introduction of a railway to the years. county seat, nothing short of pro- We have been represented in the phetic vision could conceive the prob- House by a constant succession of abilities of the incoming century. politicians but most of them, not- The political influence of Greene withstanding, are now unknown to county was much more potent during fame. We have been represented in her first forty years than it has been the State Senate by C. A. Black, M. since. And for this, I conceive two McCaslin, John C. Flenniken and good and sufficient reasons: First. A. A. Purman.-Andrew Buchanan, until demonstrated that we were des- Enos Hook, Jesse Lazear and J. B. t.ined to isolation from the world of Donley have figured in the National enterprise, this was a promising land Congress. C. A. Black was secretary find attracted men of culture and in- of the commonwealth in 1853. fluence into it. Second, at that day Justus F. Temple was elected Audi- positions of public trust and respon- tor General in 1874. James Lindsey sibility sought out the man best fitted was President Judge from 1861 to for the place. As you all know it is 1865 when his career of usefulness not so now. To illustrate this idea, was cut short by the hand of death. let me adduce the fact, that Albert In the convention to amend the State Gallatin, a pure and able statesman. Constitution in 1873, A. A. Furman though a resident of Fayette county. was a delegate at large and C. A. was repeatedly elected by the district Black was a representative delegate. of Allegheny, Washington and Greene But I weary your patience and to represent them in the National must close. One hundred years ago Congress. On the first occasion he the area of 384,080 acres which com- (lid not even know that he was a pose Greene county, was an almost candidate till apprised of his elec- unbroken forest of towering timber- tion. John Minor, a man of sound the haunts of deer, wolves, bears and 133 Indians. The mighty forest has long 1he population of Greene county since been subdued, and all the vast. could not have exceeded 1,000 souls. area converted into cultivated fields. Now we approximate 30,000. Then Elegant farm houses bestud the land were dangers, privations and hard- and thriving villages grace every ships-now security, luxury and ease. valley. Churches, school houses, Such are the changes of the hundred mills and bridges are wherever need- years gone! What of the change of ed, and flocks are herded on a thou- the hundred to come? sand hills. One hundred years ago L. K. Evans.

Land On Which Waynesburg Now Stands The following bit of history in re- Hookstown, as it is now called. They gard to the original purchase of the built round it, with doors and win- land on which the town of Waynes- dows on the inside, and left a nar- row place burg now stands I got from my in the stockade to go in and out at. She said they would mother, between the time I was go out in companies and about forty years of age and her de- take their guns with them and put them where they cease. I asked her where she was could see the furthest born. She said, "in Maryland, near around, and 'eave a man to watch Fredericktown, and came across the for the Indians, and at night go to the fort. They mountain when I was about 3 years had a conch shell in the fort that of age." To the question, "where was never to did youi rather first settle? she re- be blown till Indian news was brought to the fort. Then plied, "when we came to where she said grandfather White would get on Waynesburg now is we found a man that had made a tomahawk improve- a big stump and blow it, and all that ment, which was a good right, for heard the sound would know what it four hundred acres of land." But meant and come to the fort. he had built no house on it. Mother She said they forted eight years, said the Indians were here and the and she was married in the fort. man said he would sell his right, and My mother said the house grand- her father bought it for a rifle gun father built was near the gully that and a two year old heifer. Then she runs down from Cotterrel's tan yard. said, her father cut house logs and Mother was eight years of age when he and four others raised the house the fort was built, and died in 1855, and they lived in it till the war be- aged 94 years, making one hundred gan. The Indians then painted them- and fifteen years since the first house selves red and would come in the was built in Waynesburg by my house and act very ugly. Then, she grandfather, Thomas Slater. said the settlers concluded to build a This from David White, residing at fort, and laid out a square acre of Oak Forest, Greene county, Pa., in ground between Hook's mill and the 88th year of his age.

Rolls of the Companies of Captains Crawford and Seals We have been handed a couple of James Seals organized for the de- old papers found among the docu- fensoe of the south side of Washing- ments of Benjamin Campbell. Sr., Iton county, now Greene county, in deceased, which are vested with much the years of 1793 andLZ4A. local interest. They are the original Captain Wm. Crawford was a resi- drafts of the rolls of the Companies dent of Cumberland township near of Captains Wm. Crawford and Carmichaels and was a very promi- 134 nent man in all the public affairs per- kle, James Archer; May 9th, Thomas taining to the early settlement of McGrow, James White; May 12, Wil- Greene county. He is known to have liam Hunter; May 13, David Tram- conducted several local campaigns mel, Joshua Bailey, Oliver Pollock, against the savages and Tories. The William Legg, Alex. VanPelt; May roll of this Company is well pre- 15, Jesse Been, Hugh Williams, Jon- served, is well written and is as fol- athan Williams; May 16, Lewis Dun- lows: ham; May 18, Archibald Guthrie, William Elliott, William Guthrie, Name Date of Enlistment John Phillips, John Guthrie, Elijah Capt. Wm. Crawford . . April 3, 1793 Steen, Leonard Metrz, Solomon Lt. Eleazer Williamson.May 25, 1793 Hobbs, Solomon Chafflin; May 19, Serg't. John Brown . .. May 7, 1793 Moses Loscy; May 20, Elijah Wiley; Serg't. Isaac Israel .... May 7, 1793 June 3d, Ellis Been, Sr., Ellis Been, Serg't. David C. Evans.. May 7, 1793 Jr., Mordeca Been, Edward Grandon, Serg't. James Morris .... May 7, 1793 Abner Huntington, Silas Hunting- Privates enlisted May 7, 1793: ton."-In all 56 names. Jacob Johnson, Henry Jackson, At the end of the roll call is this Thomas Morris, Simon Archer, memorandum: George Archer, Andrew Steen, James "William Betts took Woollam's ;DTT 'mytnMcCann, William Her- place, Saturday, 16th November, ron, Enoch Enochs, Sr., Henry 1793." Enochs, Jr., Elisha Enochs, Jesse On the outer fold is the following Davis, Barnard Grandon, Frederick endorsement: Crow, Thomas Courtright, John "I promise pay or cause to be paid, Holden, Shem Woollam, Henry Con- John Lynn or his order.'

Capt. Seals' Company The manuscript containing the roll The names are as follows: "Capt. of this company, though not so old James Seals, Lt. Robert Miller, Ens. by one year, is not nearly so weil Cha's. Chairoft, William Jackson, preserved as that of Captain Craw- Simon Buhar, Abraham Kess, Thom- ford's company. Nor is the penman- as Daine, David Owens, Wm. Jones, -hip anything like as legible. It is Wm. Allender, Levy Shaddock, Wm. endorsed on the back, "Guns & ac- Teagard, Tho's. Stone, Tho's. Car- coutrement," with a memorandum penter, Will'm. Jones, Jas' Atkinson, separate, "State property given to Joseph Morris, James Hays, Rich'd the Invoice." The roll does not give Parker, Rob't. Hays, Abraham Tea- the date of enlistment but specifies gard, Wm. Teagard, Sr., Jno. West, the equipments each man possessed: John Brown, Sam. Fordyce, Jacob "Rifle, powder horn, powder, bullet Allen, Andrew Collins." bags, bullet moulds, wipers, toma- hawks, canteens." The company is Capt. James Seals will be recog- also charged with five "camp kettles' nized as at that time a resident of and "166 flints." Besides these there the Waynesburg settlement and is also a record of "3 privates afterwards one of the commissioners kettles." appointed by the Governor to select The roll is headed: "Now at Wash- the ground and lay out the county ingotn, this 12th April, 1794." seat.

135 The Hupps I have seen in your valuable paper One of the brothers, whose name I an extract from the Noble county am not able to give, soon became dis- Republican, which refers to the satisfied with the hardships and dan- shooting of the infamous renegade, gers incident to pioneer life, and re- Simon Girty, by Philip Hupp. Dur- turned to the Shenandoah Valley, ing the years 1781-82 Philip Hupp, where manv of his descendants are (doubtless the same one spoken of in still living. the Republican) had his hunting Frank was shot by an Indian at grounds in the then nearly unbroken Jonathan Link's cabin, about twelvc wilderness between the Ohio ana miles east of Wheeling, on Middle Monongahela rivers. Wheeling creek, September, 1771. A Frequently performing, as he did, like fate overtook John at the seige the dangerous duty of a spy, many a of Miller's blockhouse on Easter Sun- redskin fell perforated by a bullet day, 1782. Palsar, another brother, from his unerring rifle. When hordes permanently settled on the bank of of savages made their incursions in- the Monongahela river near where is to the settlement, Which occurrenl now 'located the village of Millsboro. frequently, he, together with the Philip distinguished himself at the other settlers, betook themselves to seige of Miller's blockhouse In 1782. either Rice's Fort or Miller's Block- Subsequently he turned his steps house, on the Dutch PFolr of Buffalo, westward to the then unbroken wild- whither they were wont to flee in erness beyond the Ohio, and as the times of peril. Noble County Republican gave it, be- Philip had tour brothers. These came, at length, "a resident of the five stalwart pioneers crossed the Al- Duck Creek Valley." leghenies from what is now Shenan- These hasty lines have been writ- doah county, Virginia, and settled on ten in the hope of eliciting more in- the waters of Buffalo in what is no,.v formation as to the daring deeds Washington county, PFa, about thel achieved by, and incidents in the life year 1770. of this pioneer hero.

Reminiscences of Olden Times-Surprise of the Scouts By JENNINGS CRAWFORD be prepared for the necessities of the hour. In the fall of the year 1791 a re- The officers in command at Fort port was by some means put into Wheeling detailed eight men from circulation in the frontier settlements the class of soldiers then in the U. S. of western Pennsylvania and Vir- service called spies or scouts to per- ginia, that the hostile Indians who form this service. It was a mission had been very troublesome to those of great danger, but these young men settlements for some years, were were presumed to be fitted for just about to leave the Sandusky towns such work. and retire to the Wabash country for The names of these men, so far winter quarters. as [ am able to call them to mind were It was a matter of great impor- Jacob Wetzel (brother of Lewis), tance to the settlements to ascertain George Brown, of Whiteley, Greene whether or not this report was true. Co., Pa.; John Lynn, Redstone, Fay- If true, they would be relieved, at ette Co., Pa.; John Crawford (my least for a time, from the necessity father) Muddy creek, Greene Co., of a sleepless vigilance in order to Pa.,; Biggs-McCulloch. The names guard against their bloody inroads. of the other two I can not recall. If false they would understand and The party started from Fort Wheel- 136 ing in the month of December, in the arms, lying with their feet to the fire direction of the Sandusky towns. and their heads most remote from it. The trail through the unbroken for- About three o'clock in the morning est crossed the Muskingum River at, the man on guard, (as he afterward or below where Coshocton now stated) after waiting for some time stands, then through the Tomica re- turned around to the light of the fire gion on the waters of Owl creek. to take something from his knap- passing near the spot where now sack, when the Indians, having with stands the city of Mt. Vernon. astonishing adroitness crept up on After proceeding cautiously on every side, within some fifteen or this route to a point somewhere in twenty yards, fired into the camp of the Owl creek valley, they became sleeping men. satisfied that the Indians were in the Two men were killed on the spot country; that the report that they and a third one wounded. had gone off to the Wabash was Those who escaped this deadly false. volley, sprang up and ran for their Moreover some of the party (my lives. My father, after running father of the number) believed that along the ravine some distance and they (the scouts) had been discover- then up a side hill, ventured to look ed by the Indians, and that the great- back, and saw, by the light of the est caution would be necessary to moon, at the foot of the hill, a few prevent a surprise. yards below, a squad of men. In a The object of the mission having few moments there was a slight re- been attained, the party now turned port of a gun, and he ran on. It their faces homeward, and, as it seems that the wounded man, after afterward turned out, were stealthily running as far as this spot, was over- followed by a party of Indians. taken by some of the Indians and When night came on they had turned to defend himself with his reached a point in the hilly region of tomahawk. The Indians, not caring Tomica, about ten miles west of the to engage in a hand to hand fight, YMuskingum river. The weather was and their guns having all been dis- very cold but no snow on the ground. charged at the first fire, had stopped They selected a secluded spot in a long enough to load a gun to shoot deep ravine for their camping the poor man down. ground. There was a division among Five of the men were unhurt and some the men as to whether they should escaped from the Indians, but all their have fire. Those who believed that had lost their moccasins and the Indians had discovered them op- blankets and knapsacks. Ninety posed it, but were overruled by the miles through a howling wilderness majority. A fire was made. were to be traveled before they could The regulations for watching and reach Wheeling Fort. There seemed being relieved in order were duly reason to fear that the Indians might so attended to. still be following up their trail, My father's watch came in the first that to shoot game was unsafe and part of the night. they had r o other means of procur- He described the night as being ing food. very still, the moon shining bright, Their hunger was added to the the weather so cold that the tree-; other difficulties and perils still sur- were cracking with the frost, and the rounding them. After three days of ground frozen hard. toil and suffering the five men reach- He thought it would be impossible ed the Fort, in two parties, one of for an Indian to get within a hundred two and the other of three, neither yards of the camp without being dis- of them having any knowledge of the covered. other until they came in. Those of The men, excepting the one on them who had lost their moccasins at guard for the time being, surrounded the surprise, got their feet badly the camp fire with their guns in their frozen. 137 After a few days rest, and doctcr- sacred pledge made twelve years be- ing up their frozen feet, the boys de- fore. termined to make a trip out to the This scrap of history Wakitomica as to the country, as it was then origin of the name, with its hallowed called, in search of their three lost associations, will, I think, be ac- comrades, of whose fate they were cepted by all relatives as a not yet certain, though precious they believed memorial. To some of the younger they were killed. portion of them it will perhaps be Procuring some horses to ride, new. they made their way to the spot I have met in past years where the several party had been surprised, stories or narratives evidently and found the found- bodies of the three ed upon the real historic men, two at the event3s camp where they which I have narrated above, had slept, and but the other at the place connected with so much of mere where my father fic- looking down the tion as to render them incredible hill saw the squad of men at its foot. and worthless. His wounds indicated that he had All the statements I have made been shot a second time. above may be relied upon as substan- They buried their companions in tially true. They come from the lips the best manner they could near the of one of the principal actors, whose spot where they fell. veracity was never called in question. I am not able, at this late day, to (The following is one of a series state the names of two of the men of papers pertaining to the early his- who were killed. But as to the third tory of Greene county published in one, there is a little bit of romance the American Volunteer, a paper that connected with it, (romance in real had a few months run in Pittsburgh, life, by the way), which I trust will fifty years ago.) cause it to be remembered by all the My uncle John Crawford came out Crawford connection for at least a west and improved land. After he generation or two yet to come. laid aside his commission, he hired John Lynn, (one of the men kill- Cook (his servant) to William Shep- ed) and John Crawford, (my father) hard, who had with him his wife. were bosom friends. They entered Rebecca Shephard was the only the U. S. service, as scouts at the white woman then in the bounds of same time, each being about eighteen what is now known as Greene coun- years old. They made an agreement ty, Pa. The distance from Shep- at the outset, that in case either one hard's cabin to my father's was about should fall during the war, and the. three miles. Cook was to return other survive, and have a son, that every Saturday to see the corn. My son should bear the name of the father started over the mountains to fallen comrade. bring my mother and oldest sister John Lynn was shot through the (their only child at that time) to the heart while lying under the sani new settlement. blanket with John Crawford in that At the mouth of Muddy creek, my awful night surprise which I have father met Thomas Crago, an old ac- been trying to describe. quaintance from Conococheague. The defeat of the Indians by Gen- Crago told my father he had two eral Wayne on the Maumee, irn cows; that they gave plenty of milk August, 1794, put an end to the war. and said he could make butter if h, There was no further need for the had a churn, whereupon my father scouts, and they returned to the pur- directed him where to find his cabin, suits of peaceful life. and told him to take his churn and John Crawford and Salome Jen- keep it until his return from the nings were married April 2, 1801. A mountains. Accordingly Crago came son was born to them May 31, 1802. in a few days for the churn, and on That son was named John Lynn his return was met by four Indians, Crawford, in accordance with the two men and two women. The In- 138 dians attempted to take Crago's came as usual to get Robert's hand horse to carry one of their party, dressed. They told Mrs. Shephard who had been wounded shortly be- "Dada has run away." fore on the Monongahela near Laurel "Where has he gone?" asked Mrs. Point by some white men, from Shephard. whom the Indians had stolen some They told her he had gone to "Bill property. Crago would not give up Crawford's" to get a churn, and had his horse; a scuffle ensued; Crago not returned. From that moment got the sound Indian down, and one Mrs. Shephard suspected the Indians of the squaws took a rifle and shot had killed him, for he would not have Crago through the head. left the little boys all night by them- The next day old Cook came to see selves. the corn in company witIh John About this time an Indian named Moore, and when they came within Bald Eagle had been high up the three-fourths of a mile of my father s Monongahela river, and was return- cabin they came upon the body of ing from his hunt down the river Crago. The churn was lying beside again with his skins. When about him. four miles below where Morgantown Moore left his gun with Cook to now stands, he was fired upon by a watch the corpse, and gathering some young man named J- S - of the neighbors, buried Crago and and killed, without any provocation followed the Indians to where they whatever. The canoe with the dead had camped the previous night. Indian floated down to Provins' They had not taken the horse half a fort, about two miles above the mile before they tomahawked him. mouth of Big Whiteley, where he and at their camp they had toma- was taken out and buried. What be- hawked a dog to prevent him from came of his skins I never learned. barking, as was supposed. Some time after this, other Indians After burying Crago, the party on their way down the river, called charged Cook not to tell Mrs. Shep- on D S (the father of hard that he had been killed by the J S who had killed Indians, but when Cook returned, their friend Bald Eagle). He told Mrs. Shephard asked him if he had them there were bad men at Provins' seen anything of Thomas Crago, and fort, that it would be best for them he made no answer; she asked him not to call there. Accordingly when the second and third time. Cook still they passed Provins' fort they kept making no answer, she asked him i" on the opposite side of the river. the Indian had Killed Crago, and At that time an Indian named Cook told her then that the men had Jacob, with his family, lived oni told him not to tell. This was telling Kelin's fork of Dunkard. He tended her plain enough. A lie was un- a small patch of rich bottom land in natural to Cook. This story I had corn, and hunted. He continued from Mrs. Shephard's own mouth, in there for some time, and was very June, 1831, for she was still living serviceable to the white people living and intelligent, although upwards of on the lower parts of Dunkard, fur- eighty. nishing them with many loads of Mrs. Shephard's reasons for think- wild meat at a moderate price. ing the Indians had killed Crago At length some lawless men whose were as follows: Crago had as y:t names I have forgotten, came to built no cabin, but with his two little Jacob's house and murdered him. boys (Thomas and Robert) lived in Two of his children made their es- a camp by the side of a log. The cape to Ohio, where they found some oldest boy was eleven. The youngest friends, but they nearly starved to had burned his hands, and every death on the road. morning came to Mrs. Shephard to It gives me pain to state these get his hand dressed. The morning things, but truth requires it should after Crago was killed, the two boys be done. Notwithstanding the uni- 139 versal disposition of the Indians to lowing narrative I will give as Betsy retaliate for an injury done an indi- Spicer had it from the Indian Cap- vidual of their tribe, there was yet tain Logan on his return to the In- no war. dian towns: But in the spring of 1774, when Logan said as he was lying behind Cresap and Greathouse with their the fence he heard a woman with a party killed a number of peaceable shrill voice call. "who will turn Indians (the particulars of which are out and guard the women while we milk stated in Jefferson's notes on Vir- the cows," There was, he said, ginia) the people instantly set about a long string of men came out of the building forts in every direction on fort gate with rifles on their shoul- both sides of the Monongahela river, ders, and when they came out they with the expectation that there were pointing their rifles at different would be an Indian war. In this they objects. Several times they pointed were not disappointed, for in May, towards him, and he had sometimes 1774, the noted Indian chief Logan thought of running, but laid still till came with a party and killed a man night, when he and his companion named Spicer, together with his wife stole away. and five children, and took two of his children prisoners, to-wit: Betsy, a The next day Logan and Snake girl eleven years old, and William, came to Muddy creek, to the cabin of nine years old. Flenniken, where they killed a cow As soon as my father received the and pet wolf; from thence to the alarm, he took my mother and the.r cabin of my uncle John Crawford, children to Jenkins' fort and then where they cut some bags of rve to rode all night to warn the people to pieces, and stuck a tomahawk in a fly to their forts for safety. The next big brass kettle, going thence to the day my father went with a party to cabin of Thomas Hughes, where they bury the dead. The sight was dread- broke furniture and cooking uten- ful to those who had never seen any- sils; from thence to the cabin of thing of the kind before, but to my James Murdock, where they also didr father these scenes had been common damage, and thence they went to from his childhood. One man said-- near Vanmeter's fort, where they "For God's sake let us clear our- killed a man named Wall. Mischief selves; the Indians are hiding in the was done at the same time on the high weeds near us, and will kili waters of Ten Mile, but I am not sure every one." these two did it. My father answered: "For God My father, with his black servant, sake you clear yourself. Such a man Cook, and an Irishman, a weaver as you is sufficient to spoil a dozen named John Sloan, started to my good men." father's cabin to bring some neces- Captain Logan sent on the prison- saries and to drive out a cow to give ers and plunder with the main body milk to his children. (I was the of the Indians from where he killed youngest.) When they came to my the family, which was on a branch o' father's cabin and loaded the horses, Dunkard creek called Meadow run. Cook mounted one and Sloan the Logan and another Indian named other, each with his clasp knife irn Snake came together to Big Whiteley hand, intending if fired on by the creek, and killed a man named Ka- Indians to cut the lash ropes and let near, whose body was not found for the loads tumble, and clear them- several days, till the buzzards led to selves on horse-back if possible. My its discovery. father said: Those two Indians, Logan and "John, do you think you could Snake, secreted themselves behind a fight?" fence near Jenkins' fort the samni "Ah! Gode," says John, "I have evening the party returned from fought aboard a 74 till the blood run burying the Spicer family. The fol- out o' our scuppers." 140 They took their line of march, the rear, with his rifle in hand, driving .avalry in front, my father in the the cow before him.

An Old Time Circular Hunt (This interesting article was writ- tion and occupied by industrious ten in 1896 for the Centennial Edi- citizens, much of the west end lay iion of the REPUBLICAN by Hon. almost wild. Though it had been James W. Hays, deceased.) surveyed and laid out, mainly in four In response to the request of the hundred acre tracts., quite a large REPUBLICAN for something in the scope of it was claimed by foreign- way of a "reminiscence" of events or ers;-that is, by non-residents,-or happenings in this good county of persons not living in the county,- Greene of ours, of the long ago, I the Cookes, Leipers, Stokelys and have thought some of its readers others. This retarded improvement, might be interested in the recital of and the upper end was but sparsely the story of a "Circular Hunt" that settled,-many holders and occu- came off in the west end of Greeno pants claiming the lands under county on April 20th, 1824. now over "tomahawk right" as it was called seventy-two years ago, in which hun- as against the claimants I have dreds,-it, may be thousands, of the named,-a sort of "squatter" sover- people of Western Pennsylvania and eignty that caused the dockets of our Virginia participated. It was re- Courts to be covered by ejectment garded as a very important event by suits. The so called "squatters," who the people of that time, and will be as their title to the lands was dis- yet remembered by some of our old puted were naturally not disposed to citizens. expend much time or means in im- The writer of this, though but a provements, merely erected small small boy at that time, has a distinct round log cabins on their claims with recollection of the stir it made in clap-board roof held down by a log Waynesburg, particularly remember- on each row of boards; puncheon ing the spearheads, or pikes our floors, if any, as saw mills were blacksmiths were forging, with sock- scarce-a puncheon door, held to- ets, to go on poles, or long handles, gether with wooden pins-a small tG be carried by those forming th',: opening in the rear of the cabin to circle who were not better armed and cerve as a window, with oiled paper might need them at the closing in of instead of glass to let in some light. the circle, which was at the starting No locks on doors in those days--a many miles in circumference, and wooden drop-latch answered all pur- was expected to bring a large numbee poses for door fastening,-unless it of wild animals into a very small may be a wooden bar to drop across ,pace when closed in. The occasion the door, in the earlier days when is brought fresh to my mind by the Indians were occasional visitors. turning up of an old newspaper,- The wooden drop-latch inside the the Waynesburg Messenger, ot April door was usually the only fastening, 17th, 1824, then printed and publish- tc which a buck-skin thong was at- ed by Thomas Irons;-the hunt com- l ached, a pull at the string lifting ing off three days later-on Ap il the latch ,and the latch-string was 20th. always out to every comer, except it For the better understanding of may be at night when the latch- the origin of this hunt and its re- string was pulled in. There were no sults, it may be well to explain that 'vells for water, a spring always be- at that date though the eastern end ing selected as the choice spot to of Greene county was fairly well build near. Then with a few acres opened up and improved by cultiva- cleared and fenced in around their 141 cabin, these hardy pioneers raised 'heir own family usb, which was then their little crops. When meat was hardly possible because of the wanted it was furnished from the wolves. At this time every family forest by which they were surround- was clothed in homespun goods, ed, every man depending on his flint- in win- lock rifle to secure home made linsey and flannel it. Hunting the ter and linen in the summer. These deer was not only their amusement, men were active in working to get but business also. Thus it was at the time this hunt was proposed. up this great circular hunt. But, as This log cabin period included the tradition has it there was some quiet latter end of the last century, and opposition, particularly on the side the beginning next Virginia. They were not yet of the present. Bear, just ready for such action. They deer, wolves, wild cat and other wild animals roamed the woods, and at did not wish the deer frightened, times the Indians made their dreaded driven back, nor killed by outsiders. incursions. Such was the case in They wished the game preserved un- 1793 and '94. it became necessary til land titles were settled, and they in those years to seek organized were ready to open up and improve military protection. Two companies their lands as undisputed owners. of men under regular military or- So when the large circle was form- ders, called by the state authorities, Ing on the day of the hunt, those op- vWere stationed in Richhill township, posed to it by quiet arrangement had the headquarters being at the point themselves posted to form the line on still known as Ryerson's station,-- the south side of the circle, and as !_ was contracted or drawn in toward eome of the men a portion of thu gap time at Enoch's,-now known the center a wide was opened as and the deer allowed to escape Graysville. Many of the now resi- through it back to the Virginia hills, dents of Greene county are the killed as they were descendants of the men who served to be hunted and in these two companies. James Seals. heeded for family use. Tradition who lived in the stone house (stilli says the main )art of the game in standing) at the foot of the hill at this way escaped. the west end of Waynesburg wan The center, or closing in point of captain of one of the companies, and this hunt was where William ana William Crawford (of Cumberland Frank Jacobs now own farmrs,.-chen township, I think), owned, I believe, by Jonathan Par- of the other. klnson. That section of Greene John Minor, afterward one of the county, and the west Associate Judges of the county was end generally, the Major General,-the Brigadier has made wonderful advancement iil snd Colonel belonging to Washing- the way of improvement. The fer- ton county. In fact this whole ter- tility of her soil is unsurpassed. Her ritory at that time was Washington hills and vales a're now dotted with churches and school houses. Greene county, Greene not being formed into county a county until the year 1796. The can now safely challenge com- original muster rolls parison with any of her sister coun- of these two ties, if not as to wealth, at least in companies were preserved and may hter be examined at any time in the fertile soil, her well tilled farms, Library of Waynesburg College, her neat, comfortable homes, the where they hang in morality and sobriety of her people. frames upon the in short in everything that goes to walls. make good citizenship, in its best and But to return to the Circular highest sense. The program of thi? Hunt; as time went on some of these hunt was as follows: ;ettlers on these lands,--probably Greene County Wolf Hunt mainly on the north side and most "The wolves having through the distant from the wilds of Virginia late winter destroyed a great number and the Fish creek hills, wished to of sheep on the southwestern part of raise sheep sufficient at least for Greene county, and still continuing 142 to destroy many of these valuable line, station 1, William Scott; sta- animals;-it was agreed at a meet- tion 5, Matthias Roseberry; station ing of a number of the inhabitants of 10, Micajah Wood; station J r. Rich- that part of the county, and others, ard Chedester. at the house of Jonathan Parkinson, Second line, station 2, Samuel Esq., that a Circular Hunt is pro- White; station 7, William Hartley. posed to destroy the wolves; and if Third line, station 1, John Lutes; the public choice would warrant the station 6, Jacobs Lutes; station 10, measure, to proceed to make such Thomas Courtright; station 16, John preparations and regulations as Gray, Sr.; station 22, William Par- might be best adapted to execute the kinson. design of the meeting.-Finding up- Fourth line - station 2, Reazen on enquiry the measure warrantable, Wright; station 7, James Burns; sta- the following pe-sons were appointed tion 12, David Gray, Esq. a committee to make the necessary Fifth line, station 3, Robert preparations for a circular hunt on Cather; station 9, James Ross. the 20th inst. and publish them, to Two persons have been appointed wit: Messrs. Jonathan Parkinson, to superintend each station, who will Esq., Stephen Eiben, Robert Cather, find their names and the stations for Peter Hendershot, Thomas Morris, which they are respectively appoint- Matthias Roseberry, Samuel White, ed, set together in the table below. Harman Jones, John Jones, William The pilots are requested to be at Elder, Thomas Layton, Adam Hays, their respective stations before or at William S. Harvey-accordingly, the sunrise on the 20th inst. and at the following lines were agreed upon to signal to march, to take a direct limit the close, and distinctly marked course towards the inner close or by a stake driven, or a tree biazed center. That their attention may not. every two hundred perches, to wit: be drawn from the course, no other the first line beginning at Gillogly's duty is required of them, but to keep place on Brown's fork of Ten Mile in the line, neither advancing in creek, in Morris township; thence front, nor falling in the rear of the across the State road at Beach's line of men on the right and left. tavern by Isaac Ross and David Much will depend on the pilots com- Sellar's to Abraham Fordyce s.-2nd ing in correctly. line; thence by Widow Young's and Each captain is to procure ten William Morford's to John Utt's. men, and as much more as he can, Third line, thence to the head o/ one of which..must have a horn, and Dunkard fork of Wheeling creek and skill to blow it. down it by Thomas Courtright s, On the morning of the 20th each Jacob Niswanger's and Connell's mill captain is requested to rally his men to the mouth of Crapabble run.-- on his station at sun rise, and extend .4th line, thence by the road from them equal distant from each other., Durbin's mill to Samuel Teagarden s from his post 100 perches on a direct and by the road thence to Sargent's line towards the next station. Of the mill.-Fifth line, thence along the two captains at any one station, he road by Robert Cather's. Henry who is first named, or lowest in Hill's, Gideon Master's, Jarnes Pat- number, in the table below will ex- terson's, to Gillogly's farm, the place tend his men on the right of his post. of beginning. the other, on the left; and wait the On the first line are 16 stations, signal of march-the grand signal on second line 9 stations, on 3rd line station is the first on line first at 22 stations, on the 4th line 13 sta- Gillogly's. All signals of the horn, tions, and on the 5th, 13 stations, all will pass from right to left; none marked and numbered. from left to right. Each horseman On each line persons are appointed will be careful to answer no sound as Pilots to keep a direct course to that comes from his left; and strictly the inner close to wit.-On the first attentive to answer all signals corn 143 ing from his right. All signals will 8 to 11, at David Sellers; from 12 to be given by a long, well filled note 16 at Joseph Ankrom's. of the horn. It is requested that no Second line, from 1 to 4 at Widow horn be blown, but in answer to the Young's; from 5 to 9 at James Mor- signals given at the signal station. ford's, Virginia state road on the head of Dunkard creek. At sun rise the signal will be given Third line, from 1 to 4 at John by the horn at Gillogly's, when Utt's, head of Fish creek; from 5 to every horn on the left will pass the 9 at Joseph Cooper's, Dunkard fort signal to the left as quick as possible. of Wheeling; from 10 to 14 at Thom- This is the file off signal, to hasten as Courtright's, Dunkard fork; from the close of the line. In thirty min- 14 to 16 at Ryerson's Station. utes after this signal the preparatory Fourth line, from 1 to 5 at Stephen signal will pass to the left as before Durbin's mill; from 5 to 9 at Samuel in thirty minutes thereafter the Teagarden's on Wheeling state road signal of march will be given, at at Hunter's fork of Wheeling; from which the men will move slowly on 10 to 15 at Sargent's mill. toward the center. The signal will Fifth line, from 1 to 6 at Robert be repeated every 15 minutes during Cathers', 2 miles east of Sargent's the march still passing to the left. mill; from 7 to 10 at Gideon Master's At the fourth signal given, after the on head of Bushy fork of Ten Mile march commences, the whole line creek; from 11 to 13 at Gillogley's. will halt 15 minutes to correct any Persons are requested to attend disorder that may have occurred. the hunt from the neighboring The whole line will move on at the coun- ties and first signal after halt. The signals Virginia. Persons not named on the table below as cap- will be given in the same manner. tains, bringing ten men or more with every 15 minutes and the halt re- them will peated at the fourth signal after be politely received, and stations given them. The number marching, throughout the day, till arranged in the table, leaves ten rod, the lines arrive at the limits marked li om man round the inner close; wnere all halt to man. The number doubled will create no inconvenience, as they arrive, and wait further di- but greatly assist in securing rections from the officers on horse- the game.-Success back and the captains.-All game depends on the strict taken at this hunt is to be considered observance of all the regulations as the common property of the whol-? above stated. Danger is to be appre- engaged in the hunt; and shall be hended only from disorderly persons divided into as many equal shares as using fire arms. The captains will there are stations around the whole therefore require of each man who outlines, and these shares shall again enlists under them to be observant be distributed by the captains as they of the rules of the hunt, and strictly, and their men or a majority of them never to discharge his piece but di- rectly in front of the line, or up-- shall determine. Game therefore taken on the march shall be brought wards. A breach of the rule ought to subject the man guilty of it in to the center by such person or to be persons, as the captain, nearest it deprived of his gun; and it is hoped when taken, shall appoint. the captains will act accordingly. As there will be a scarcity of pikes, Captains who do not know th-e spears and like instruments as many places of their posts or do not other- as can, are requested to bring such. wise obtain a guide, will meet at the Dogs are forbidden to be brought. following places where persons will No horn is to be blown on the morn- be placed during Monday afternoon ing of the 20th; lest the sound to guide them. frightens the wolves beyond the Captains of the first line from Nos. limits of the hunt, during the night. 1 to 7 inclusive, at William Beach's They are said to be much alarmed at on Wheeling state road. From Nos. the sound of i horn. 144 Horsemen on line First-Thomas Fifth line-William Cather, Layton, Hugh Barclay, James Stockdale, Francis Braddock. Hughes. They will ride along the rear of Second line-Mark Gordon, Thom- the line and give notice to captains as Burson, John Shriver. whether their men are advancing too Third line-Jonathan Parkinson, slow or two fast; and whether in- Samuel Howard, Lot Lantz, Joseph clining too much to the right or left. Morris. WVm. S. Harvey, commands the signal Fourth line-Joshua Dickerson. point." Adam Hays, C. C. Smith. J. W. H.

John Swan Written by Mrs. Mary Hill, of uel, married a Miss Crago; Thomas Ottawa, Ill., March 24, 1898. married Elizabeth Neel; William the John Swan was an Englishman by married Hannah Kelly; Sarah, married birth, came over from England when mother of Daniel Burtnett, 21 years of age, settled in Washing- Joseph Ailes; Millie married William Maryland, and raised hi;s Thomas, of near Blacksville, W. Va.; Lon county, Elijah family in that state. In the year of another daughter married Mary 1768 John Swan, Jacob Vanmeter, Roseberry, of Rice's Landing; died Thomas Hughes, all came to Greene married Richard Wills; Rachel of Pennsylvania, then Washing- unmarried. Rachel, the widow county, Robert tIon county, Pa. The next year, 1769, James Luse, Daniel Burtnett, Morrison Mc- Swan, Jacob Vanmeter, Thomas Reynold's widow, John Hewitt's and Richard Swan all Clain's widow and George Hughes are all brought out their families to Penn- wife near Rice's Landing, sylvania with a number of others. William Swan's grandchildren. John Swan, was John Swan's children were, Thom- John, the son of county, Mary- William. John, Richard, Charles, born in Washington as, of Jacob Elizabeth. Ann and Martha. John land, married a daughter moved to Kentucky. Swan married an English lady, by Vanmeter and by the Indians. His the name of Elizabeth Lucas. He was killed widow lived and died in the state of JOHN SWAN'S CHILDREN AND Kentucky. WHO THEY MARRIED Richard, the son of John Swan, Thomas, son of John Swan, was was born in Washington county, Md., born in Washington county, Md., and married Martha Vanmeter, a daugh- married a daughter of Jacob Van- ter of Henry Vanmeter, of Berkeley meter, of Muddy Creek, afterwards county, Virginia. He never came to moved to Kentucky. He had one son, Pennsylvania. His son, Henry, came Samuel. The parents both died and in company with Richard Swan and their son Samuel was sent back to wife. This was a brother to Richard Pennsylvania, to be raised by his Swan's wife. He settled on Pumpkin grandfather, John Swan. This Sam- Run where the Prices and Randolphs uel married Mary Hiller, had one lived. Richard Swan, my grand- daughter, Mrs. Elizabeth Bell, the father made his improvements and widow of James Bell. Jacob Van- built the brick house where Braden meter's daughter or granddaughter, lives. There my grandfather died Hannah Smith, married Joseph Ad- February 21, 1822. He owned a amson, her daughter married David tract of land in Pennsylvania, Vir- P. Bell, near Jefferson, Pa. ginia and Kentucky. My mother in- William, son of John Swan, was herited the Strawn property from born in Washington county, Md.; he her father. Jacob, Benjamin, John married Sarah Herod; his son Sam- and Abraham were all uncles to my 145 grandmother Swan. Richard Swan's son, Samuel, married Capt. Samuel children were, Thomas, John, Rich- Clark's daughter near Bellevernon or ard, Samuel, Mary, Elizabeth, Sarah, Clark's Landing, Washington county, Ann, Martha, Rebecca and Rachel. Pa.; Elizabeth, the first daughter, Thomas, son of Richard Swan, was married Simeon Swan. He died and born in Greene county, Pa. He mar- she was married again to John ried Susannah Seaton, sister of Lucas, had family by him; her chil- James Seaton, of Uniontown, Pa.; dren are Thomas, William, Simeon, 1 hey moved to Kentucky, where he John, Isaac and James; her daugh- died and his widow married a Mr. ters, Sarah, Martha, and Elizabeth. Vaun, of Kentucky. Swan and his ]\,aria married William Kincaid, Jr., wife had no children. who lived and died at Jefferson, Pa. John was born in Greene county, He was in the State Legislature and Pa. Died at 19 years of age. Rich- Justice of the Peace for many years. ard, son of Richard Swan was born Most all of their children are in in Greene county, Pa. He married Kansas. Ann, daughter of Richard Sarah McCullough and lived in West Swan, was born in Greene county, Virginia, near West Columbia, oin Pa., January 16, 1788, and married the Ohio river, Mason county, and Thomas Burson, December 13, 1810; died there. she had five sons and four daughters, Samuel, son of Richard Swan, born one son, Edward, died when two in Greene county, Pa., May 29, 1799, years old; the second son, Richard, married Susannah Vaun, of Ken- died in Iowa thirty years ago; the tucky, had no children, lived and third son, James, started to Califor- died near Lebanon, Marion county, nia, March 18, 1850, returned home Kentucky, July, 1861. Mary, daugh- to Pennsylvania April, 1857, started ter of Richard Swan, born in Greene back to California January 2, 1861, county, Pa., married John Prichett was killed by Indians Mary 20, 1865, and moved to Kentucky, had three on Pueblo mountains, in Nevada Ter- sons and one daughter, moved to ritory, much lamented by his fellow- Iowa. Elizabeth, daughter of Rich- comrades and relatives; Thomas, the ard Swan, born in Greene county, fourth son, is still living in the state Pa., and married George Allfree, a of Iowa, and is a well-to-do bachelor native of Delaware, a first cousin of atnd has plenty for himself while he William Collins. She had two sons lives. Martha, the first daughter, and two daughters. Her son married Hugh Swan, moved to Iowa Thomas married Louisa Stephenson; and has only one son living in Iowa; her son Jacob went to Kentucky and Elizabeth, the second daughter, died married there: Mary, her first daugh- unmarried long ago; Sarah Ann, the ter, married Peter Sharpnack Thom- third daughter, married Reuben as; second daughter married and Beers, of Mt. Pleasant, Ia. She left went to Kentucky. Alexander Allfree, no children. Mary S., married Bowen of Rices Landing, is her great-grand- Hill, February 18, 1863, a son of son. Aunt married the second hus- Isaac Hill, and a grandson of Reese band, Isaac Saffel, a grandfather of Hill. We have a daughter married Dr. Rodgers, of Millsboro, Pa. Sarah, who lives at Portland, Oregon, and daughter of Richard Swan, was born our son, Joseph B. W. Hill, resides at in Greene county, Pa., married Ottawa, Ill., and is in the loan and Thomas Hughes, of Rices Landing. real estate business. She had five sons and two daughters. One son, Barnett, married Sarah Martha, daughter of Richard Swan, Walton, aunt of D. S. and Edward was born in Greene county, Pa., mar- Walton, of Waynesburg; the second ried David McClain. She died and son, Lindsey, married Clementine left a son and two daughters. Her Crago; the third son married Cassan- son Thomas went to Knox county. dra Hufty; the fourth son, James, Ohio. Sarah, the first daughter, married Frances Kline, and the fifth married Mathias Roseberry. Sarah, 146 daughter of Minerva, married a Mr. Sarah, fourth daughter, married Orndoff and was living in Greene Aliph Flenniken, had one son, John county, Pa., up about Graysville. Swan Flenniken, lives not far from Mary, the second daughter, married Carmichaels. Her husband died, she John Roseberry and moved to Mis- married Preacher Vanammon and souri. went to Knox county, Ohio, and Rebecca, daughter of Richard there died. Phoebe, fifth daughter, Swan, married George Litzenberg. married John McClain; they moved They had two sons and one daughter to Knox county, Ohio. who died when young. Uncle and The Hughes Family aunt went to Iowa with their two Elizabeth, first daughter of John sons. Swan, was born in Washington Rachel, daughter of Richard, was county, Maryland, married Thomas born in Greene county, Pa. She mar- Hughes, who laid out Jefferson, ied Samuel VanSickle. They moved Greene county, Pa. She had ten to Kentucky and I suppose are living children, namely: John, Thomas, there yet. Remembrance, James, Mary, Sarah, Mdartha, Elizabeth, Nancy and Cath- Col. John Swan, a son of John arine. John, her first son, married Swan, was born in Washington coun- Margaret Rex; Thomas, her second ty, Maryland, married Sarah Van- son, married Sarah Swan; Remem- meter, a daughter of Henry Van- brance, third son, married Margaret .meter, of Pumpkin Run. She was a McClain; James, fourth son, married niece of Richard Swan's wife, my Margaret Hiller; Mary, first daugh- grandmother. l hey had seven sonsv ter, married James Lindsey; Sarah, and five daughters namely: John, second daughter, married Mathias Henry, Thomas, William, Richard, Roseberry; Martha, third daughter, Charles and Jesse, his daughters, married Barnett Neel; Elizabeth, Elizabeth, Martha, Mary, Sarah, and fourth daughter, married John Man- Phoebe. John, first son, married a ning, moved to Kentucky; Nancy, Miss Bartley. He died, she then fifth daughter, married James Curl, married Isaac Johnson for her second settled near Carmichaels; Catherine, husband. Henry, second soil, mar- sixth daughter, married John Hiller. ried Elizabeth Bowen, a sister to John Hughes descendants; Thomas Corbley Bowen; Thomas, third son, married Elizabeth Hickman, died at married a Miss Anderson; William, Clarksville, Pa.; George, second son, fourth son, married Miss Moredock; married a Miss Elson and moved to Richard, fifth son, married Susannah Knox counTyTOhio;, Charles, third Gregg, a sister of Aaron Gregg, late son, married Permelia McCoen; his of Greene county, Pa.; Charles, sixth second wife was Elizabeth Hill, a son, married a Miss Bartley; Jesse, granddaughter of Reese Hill. Their married Phoebe Jennings, a daugh- two daughters lived at Jefferson, Pa. ter of Jeremiah Jennings, a sister of Barnett, fourth son, married Per- Henry Jennings, of Uniontown, Pa. melia Young, of Clarksville, Pa., First daughter, Elizabeth, married lived and died near Jefferson on his James Seaton, of Uniontown, who father's old farm. Margaret married kept tavern in Uniontown for many John Virgin, lived and died in Men- long years; Martha, second daughter, .!rd county, Tllinois; Maria married married Thomas Lucas, of Carmich- Joseph McN ely, lived and died in aels, had a large family of children; Greene county, Pa.; Elizabeth died in Mary, third daughter, married Wil- Texas. liam Collins, of Delaware, a cousin Thomas Hughes' descendants: to George Allfree; they had one child, Parnett married Sarah Walton, an Ann, who married John Jindsey. aunt of Hon. D. S. and Ed. Walton, William Collins died; in time she of Waynesburg; Lindsey married married Isaac Burson, my uncle; Clementine Crago; John married aunt and uncle had no children. Frances Kline; Samuel marrie(l 147 Maria, a daughter of Captain Clark. caid, a daughter of William Kincaid, the veteran old steamboat captain of Sr. His children, James living at the Monongahela river; Elizabeth Steubenville, Ohio; William K. went married Simeon Swan, after his to Bloomington, McLain county, Ill., death married John Lucas. and died. Barnett N. married Miss Maria married William Kincaid, Holsworth and moved to Steuben- Jr., who was in the State Legislature ville, Ohio. I see by the papers was of the state of Pennsylvania. made Treasurer of Jefferson county, Remembrance Hughes' descend- Ohio. Hiram enlisted in the civil ants were: Elizabeth, married Wm. war and was killed; Mary Jane mar- Campbell; Sarah, married Alex Her- ried Thomas Teagarden, died at New rington; Millie married George Por- London, Iowa; Martha Ann married a ter; Mary went to California and ?Mr. Markle, living the last account married; Catharine married Peter at Steubenville, Ohio. Sharpnack, of Samuel; Lydia mar- Remembrance Lindsey married ried Isaac Lucas; Nancy, Abijah and Mary Luse, a daughter of Eleazar Thomas, all in California; one daugh- Luse, near Jefferson. His descend- ter by the second wife, the widow of ants are John, George, Hannah, all William Rush, of Clarksville, Pa. dead, James B., Elizabeth, married James Hughes' descendants were: David Crawford; Frances, married William, married a Miss Hill, daugh- Jacob Ross. Remembrance Lindsey ter of Caton Hill, they went to Cali- was sheriff of Greene county, Pa., fornia; James married a Miss was a good financier. His death was Nichols; Thomas married a Lantz, much lamented by his many friends who died at Garards Fort, July, 1863. and relations of Greene county, Pa. Two other daughters married Miil- Elizabeth Lindsey married Hiram likens; Lottie married A Stout. Heaton. He died and she married Mary Lindsey's decendants were John Swallow, of West Columbia, James, who married Catharine West Virginia. Mr. Swallow's first Schroyer, (he died leaving three wife was Martha Vanmeter, a first children), H. H. Lindsey, Maria and cousin of William Kincaid, Jr., of Lorenzo Inghram's wife, of Jefferson Jefferson, Pa. township. His widow, after his death, Mary Lindsey, a daughter of Mary married Edward Parkinson, Sr., at Lindsey, married James Hailman, of Jefferson, Pa. Pittsburgh, had one son. Both dead. John Lindsey's descendants: John, Rachel Lindsey died unmarried. who married Ann Collins, a daughter Sarah Roseberry and her aescend- of William and Mary Collins. His ants: Mathias, married Sarah Mc- children are, James, who married Clain, had one daughter, married an Sarah, the daughter of Dr. Arthur Orndoff in Pennsylvania; John, Mary [nghram, of Waynesburg. James was McClain, went to Missouri; James president judge of that district and went to California and died. Her died while in office. William C. was daughters: One daughter married captain in the war of the Pebellion Frank Gray, the mother of Dr. and and was killed in the batthe of Ha- Lindsey Gray; another daughter mar- gerstown, Md. Remembrance is a r;ied Shadrach Mitchell; another lawyer at Uniontown, Pa.; John, a (laughter married a Morris. Thomas lumberman, at Trinidad, Colo.; Min- Roseberry married Mary, a daughter erva married Rev. Freeman, he died, of Reese Hill; Lucinda married John she married A. J. McGlumphy, of Vanatta, live in Lasalle county, Ill., Marshall, Saline county, Missouri, is are all well-to-do people. (lead. Mary married L. L. Minor, Jr., Martha Neel's descendants: Henry a son of John Minor, of Jefferson, Pa. Neel married Rhoda Hiller. Their The rest are: Maria, Elizabeth, children are Barnett, who married in Rachel and Emma. California, was Treasurer of Taha- Alexander Lindsey's descendants: mah county, California. Martha Alexander, married Susannah Kin- married John Minor, of Jefferson; 148 four or five other children all went Ann, daughter of John Swan, was to California with their mother. born in the state of Maryland. She Thomas married and moved to married John Hughes. He was killed Knox county, O., had one daughter. by two Indians. Afterward she was John married Sarah Moredock, a married to Mr. Isaac. She had one daughter of George Moredock. Their son by her last husband, lived and children are Priscilla, who married died in the state of Kentucky. Mr. Shultz, and is living in Iowa; Martha, daughter of John Swan, Minerva married Jackson Young, was born in Washington county, and lives at Jefferson, Pa.; Ellen Maryland, married Joseph Hughes, a married a Bane. brother of John Hughes, who was James, who married Eliza Mc- killed by the Indians. John Hughes, Cleary, has children living near Car- who lived out of the town of michaels. Elizabeth married Thomas Jefferson, was no relation to John Swan, having children now living in and Joseph Hughes, although bearing Greene county. Sarah married Win. the same name. Joseph moved to Sharpnack, of Rices Landing. Her the state of Kentucky. He reared an children are Samuel, who married interesting family. Some of his chil- Elizabeth Moredock, a daughter of dren moved to the state of Missouri, George Moredock. Martha married and his descendants are wealthy and a Wishart; Nancy married a House. prosperous people. Elizabeth Manning's descendants, John Swan was an Episcopalian, children, Nancy and Thomas, living or the Church of England, in belief, in Kentucky. Nancy Curl's descend- and was one of the founders of the ants, Thomas Curl married a Miss Episcopal church at Carmichaels, the Carr, of Carmichaels; Remembrance, building is now Greene Academy. Hiram, Alexander and two or three All his children and grandchildren daughters married about Carmich- were christened under that church, aels. and his influence still remained in Catharine Hiller and her descend- my mother as long as she lived. I ants: William, married Mary Luse, a was nine years old when she died daughter of Henry Luse; Thomas, May 25, 1840. John, George, Samuel, Leroy, and La Salle county, Ill., has done Elizabeth, who married Thomas pretty well for his descendants. Milligan, near Millsboro, Pa.; Arte- There have been five of his great- mus, John Magee died in Missouri. grandchildren living in this county, Margaret married Wm. Milligan, who namely, Mrs. Lucinda Vanatta, Mrs. was twice sheriff of La Salle county, Margaret Milligan, Mrs. Emily Boyd, Ill., has two children; Milligan and Ellis Swan and myself, Mrs. Mary wife both dead. Hill, all his great-grandchildren.

Early Forts The geographical position of the trails and war paths even within the southwestern corner of the Keystone recollections of our own great-grand- state (Greene county) is largely re- parents. sponsible for making it so rich in In those colonial days Washington historic interest to all, and hallowed and Fayette counties of Pennsylva- ground to the descendants of the nia; Monongalia, Marshall, and Wet- pioneers. zel counties of West Virginia, had It was a "No Man's Land" be- not yet been christened along with tween the Monongahela and the Ohio Greene, but their forts, block-houses rivers, whose local watersheds and and fortified cabins were, also, a fertile valleys retained the Indian uart of our inheritance.

149 We sometimes forget that the word South Ten Mile creeks, long since "Station" was used instead of "Fort" named Clarksville. -for example-Ryerson Station in "Ryerson Station." The exact site Greene county, Pennsylvania; and of the fort near Ryerson Station is a Beeler's Station in Marshall County, matter of dispute; but the massacre West Virginia, were military stations, of a part of the Davis family, whose and Shephard's Fort near Elm Grove, posterity are still living-G( ome of West Virginia, on the old Wheeling them in Waynesburg)-occurred on Road from Waynesburg making a the Lazear farm, still in possession connected line of Forts from Old Fort of the Lazear family. The oldest Redstone at Brownsville, Pennsyl- memorial of those stirring days is vania, to Fort Zane, Virginia. Fori, the block-house, now modernized and Martin on, or near the Martin occupied, that was built by General church, just over the Dunkard town- Ryerson and later owned by Francis ship line in West Virginia was a Drake, now by a Mr. Baldwin. place of refuge for our ancestors in "Crow's Fort." Crow's Fort was southeastern Greene county. built near the junction of North and We are prone t( think that our South Wheeling creeks, and about hardy pioneers were more adventure- five mile below Ryerson Station on some than cautious until we study land yet in possession of the Crows the list of forts and fortified cabins who were related to the Lazear fanm- of that earlier period; then we ily. The murder by an Indian and a marvel at the safeguards erected so supposed white man of two Crow early. sisters, who were going up Wheelinl, We shall not particularize as to the creek to visit their relatives, the exact dat:s of these outposts of Lazears, near Ryerson Station Fort, civilization in the 17th century. was a brutal one never to be for- They were followed in rapid succes- gotten in the history of Indian atroci- sion by the real settlers who built ties. better than they knew for us. "Sellers F'ort." Three miles west Within the boundaries of our own of Fort Jackson on the Middlebourne Greene county the following locations road and on the Buchanan-Wralton of frontier block-houses, forts and ,arm there is an old gravestone fortified cabins were located. standing which is said to mark the Let us begin at the "Hub" of our grave of a Mrs. Sellers and a girl who domain- was with her picking grapes when "Fort Jackson," in East End they were murdered by the Indians. Waynesburg, north side of South Ten The exact site of the Sellers Fort, or Mile creek, near the west side of fortified cabin is not known-but Pratt's run. In 1774 this land be- evidence of its existence near tht longed to L. Jackson. John Corbly scene of this massacre is more than Chapter D. A. R., has placed a per- tradition, we suspect. manent stone marker at this site of "Enoch's Fort." Near the village the old fort, East Greene street, of Graysville, on +he old State road Waynesburg, Pennsylvania. to Wheeling, was a military station- "Garard's Fort" is located on Big a fortified cabin. This Enocb's farm Whiteley creek. The Corbly massa- is now owned by Oscar Orndoff. cre is a part of the pioneer history of "Hopewell Fort." At Hill's school- many families in Greene county. house, west of Waynesburg. the Mid- The marker placed by our Chapter in dlebourne road follows Ten Mile 1923 is near the site of the oldest creek, while the old Wheeling State Baptist church in our county and be- road turns to the north until it tween the present church and the climbs the ridge and following the public highway. ridge westward to Enoch's Fort. It "Fort George," sometimes called seems that Hopewell Fort was a Enoch's Fort was built at a strategic fortified cabin, south of the present point, the junction of North and Hopewell church. Original owner, 150 John Church-present owner, Elijah rages at Col. John Crawford's fort. Morris. "Seltgor's Fort." This was in "Heaton's Fort." "A scar in the Dunkard township, Mapel's Mill-- ground," long visible on the farm of Bob Mapel farm, called "Bobtown," the late Hugh Montgomery on Ruffs pituated on the southside of Dunkaid creek, marks the location of Col creek and two miles east of Taylor- John Heaton's Fort. town. Exact location unknown. "Kline's Fort." On Muddy creek "Swan-Vanmeter Fort." This fort seven miles east of Fort Jackson, on was located one and one-half miles the farm of the late Louie Long aouth of Rices Landing on the farm Keenan's heirs, one-fourth of a mile long known as the Jackson Your g west of Muddy Creek church, on the place. Swan arid Vanmeter cleared iop of a high hill was the "scar of the ground. There is an Indian the fort." The house of Jacob Kline graveyard there-another in Jackson was further along and the first court ,ownship with no evidence of a fort of Greene county was held in it, Jan- :r fortified cabin nearby. Old set- uary, 1797. tlers could trace the Indian trail from "Felix Hughes' Fort." This fort the ridge above Garard's Fort to this was located on the Biddle farm one p.oint fifteen miles west in Jackson mile east of Carmichaels. This township and also on the warpath to seemed like the nucleus of a village. Wheeling, West Virginia, forty miles for it numbered seven, eight,, nine, distant, but still following this water- ten, eleven fortified cabins. shed. "Armstrong Fort." So named "Block-House Fort." This stream fiom its original owners, and like all near Ash Tree postoffice, east of New forts and fortified cabins a spring of Freeport and north of Jollytown near never-failing water decided the loca- the Fordyce farms tradition says re- tion. The cabin had but two roomsr ceived its name from a block-house built on a slightly rising knoll. The near the mouth of this little stream, first preaching services were held tributary to Dunkard creek. About hiere conducted by Rev. John McMil- seven miles below the mouth Block- lan, Presbyterian minister, which led house run was a fort located on later to the organization of the- Mason and Dixon's famous line. Glades church whose organization "Fort Baldwin." The village o; was preceded by Goshen Baptist Blacksville is on the "line." The church at Garard's Fort. 'scar in the ground" is a grim re- "Crawford's Fort," (Col. William minder of the perils that beset our Crawford), two and one-fourth miles pioneer ancestors. Also, tradition east of Carmichaels. Several fami- I.cates a fortified cabin on the east 'ics lived there. The fort was built bank of Ten Mile creek near the over a springhouse. Children's Home, and several others "Jenkin's Fort." This fort was that were fortified during Dunmore's Ltuilt two miles south of Carmichaels. War which began in 1774. Less thaa and one mile southeast of Baily's two hundred (200) years have schoolhouse, on the old Whitehill elapsed and a county so rich in his- farm, later Mary Hamilton farm. toric interest has failed to preserve The fort was built on the knoll wich much that is now a matter of pro- a spring at the base. Indian chiefs found interest, especially to the Logan and Snalke were at this fort Daughters of the American Revolu- the evening of the Spicer massacre. tion. Unlike the Chinese who "wor- The next day they committed out- ship the ashes of their fathers."

151 Early Greene County There is little evidence that what tory, in common with all adjoining, is now Greene County was ever oc- was included in any treaties stipu- cupied by the Indians save as a hunt- lated and executed by them; and ing ground, or as a passage way with such obstinacy and pertinacity from their Eastern to their Western did they protest against the settle- retreats. True, there are here and ment of any of these by the whites, there small burial grounds and oc- that the Governors of both the casional hieroglyphics and other Provinces of Pennsylvania and Vir- relics, but there is little trace of vil- ginia deemed it advisable to issue an lage or permanent encampment any- edict compelling actual settlers to where within her borders. abandon their claims, and setting the Yet, back in the mysterious cycles ban of prohibition against further of the past, beyond the age of tra- occupation till the question of dition and legend, Greene county had boundary should be determined. an existence of which her various Again the proprietary right to the tumuli and their mouldering skele- land we inhabit became a matter of tons of giant men, constitute a silent grave dispute between the Provinces history. of Pennsylvania and Virginia. This In the beginning of the occupation was perhaps the most serious com- of America by rival European na- plication in which the county has tions all the territory west of the ever been involved. The controversy Allegheny mountains, including began to be agitated about the year Greene county, became a matter of ] 752. Virginia claimed under the dispute. The English colonies charter of James the First in 1584, claimed it by reason of charters and Pennsylvania under that of granted by successive sovereigns in James the Second in 1681. The con- the years 1584 and 1681. The flict of interest between the two French, however, having planted colonies assumed at times very ag- colonies, one at the mouth of the gravating and threatening aspects, Mississippi and one at Quebec, early as both claimed and attempted to began the occupation of the great exercise jurisdiction at the same valleys of the Mississippi and Ohio. time, and they were frequently on Controlling the region of the great the verge of evoking military aid. the lakes, they readily obtained ingress consequences of which might have to the valley of the Allegheny, down led to National disaster. Happily, in which they precipitated an army of the interest of civic liberty and free 1,000 men in April, 1754, and took government, the establishment of actual possession of the site of Pitts- Mason and Dixon's line in 1784, burgh, upon which they proceeded to reconciled this unfortunate dispute construct Fort Duquesne. The land forever. we live on was then practically a By this conflict of authority the French possession, till the 25th of early settlers experienced much an- November, 1758, when Col. Georgt noyance and inconvenience and loss. Washington, with a detachment of Most of them believed that they were an English army, succeeded in dis- within the bounds of Virginia and lodging the invaders from Fort executed their warrants at her Land Duquesne, and as the sequel proved. Office. On the faith of this assump- expelling the French forever from tion some of them brought their the confluence of the Allegheny and slave herds to the new Eldorado. iP Monongahela and establishing the fact. almost all had a decided English perpetuity in possession of preference for the Old Dominion the Great West. actuated by the consideration, no For a time, about the year 1766, doubt, that they could obtain land o- the Indians denied that this terri- her at about one-fourteenth of the 152 price at which Pennsylvania sold her victims of savage ferocity, and which lands. Virginia fostered her interest no doubt was the first Christian blood with exceeding care. She exercised shed by the Indians in all the valley all the functions of government, both of the Monongahela. civil and military. Rev. John Corbly, Who came next and when and John Minor and Henry Vanmeter whence is simply a matter of con- were commissioned Justices of the jecture. The friends of Conrad Peace, and John Minor, William Sycks and Augustine Dillinger claim Crawford, Charles Swan and others that their appearance near the held military appointments, and mouth of Dunkard could not have were authorized to construct forts, been much later than 1760. George maintain scouts, and call out the Morris made an improvement near militia whenever the emergency re- Garard's Fort in 1763. My friend, quired it, by Virginia. L. L. Minor, Esq., claims that his According to the old Virginia father, Judge John Minor and a com- maps, Greene county was first em- panion by name of Jeremiah Glass- braced in Spottsylvania county, then gow, explored the region of Big in Orange, then in Augusta, then in Whiteley creek about the year 1766, the district of West Augusta, and and that they were anteceded by no finally in Monongalia, with the Couri others. It is a well authenticated House on the Eberhart Bierer farm fact that John Swan and Felix near New Geneva. But as the Hughes penetrated the Muddy creek legitimate offspring of the glorious country in 1767, and that within the old Keystone she has descended from three following years, Henry Van- Chester, through Cumberland, Bed- meter, William Crawford, William ford, Westmoreland and Washington Teagarden and others settied on to her present identity. Muddy creek; William Minor, Zacha- Just when and by whom the first riah Gapen, Justus Garard, George settlement in what is now Greene Morris, the Whites, Rev. John Corbly county, was made, is not certainly and others on Big Whiteley; Leonard known. But there is reason to be- Garrison, Enoch Enix, the Selsers lieve that Dr. Thomas Eckerlin and the Bozarths, Brice Worley and his two brothers were the first, and others on Dunkard; David Tea- that it was as early as the year 1751, garden, Thomas Slater, Samuel Jack-- anteceding any settlement in either son and others on Ten Mile; and of the adjoining counties. There i:A Jacob Crow on Wheeling creek. And no historic truth better attested, thus the stream of immigration set than that these men migrated from in, and thenceforward so steady and Lancaster county, and sojourned ai rapid was the flow, that by the year the mouth of Dunkard creek to whichl 1776 more families had settled they gave the name of their d'- among these hills than I would be nominational religious belief. The justifiable in attempting to name. Journal of George Crogan, date'l The hardships, privations and "Logstown, May 26, 1751," records dangers which beset these pioneers that "a Dunkard came to Logstown cannot be well conceived at this age and requested liberty of the Six of ease, of luxury and security. The Nations Chiefs to make a settlement great-grandfathers of the fastidicus on the river Yokogany," and a foot kid glove gentry of today, wore note by the compiler informs u;- coonskin caps and linsey hunting that "the Dunkard was one of the shirts and subsisted on hog and Eckerlin brothers formerly of Lan- hominy a hundred years ago. And caster county." Before any other the great-grandmothers of the parlor white settlers came to this region. ladies of this generation who are too these nomads of the forest had delicate for the sun to shine upon, abandoned their quarters on Dun- wore linsey frocks and check aprons kard creek for new ones on Cheat to meeting one hundred years ago, river where two of them became the and dwelt in unchinked cabins, with- 153 out floors and with clapboard doors; tide the luckless woodsman who in- and as the records of deeds at the truded his cabin near this oft fre- county seat will attest, two-thirds of quented thoroughfare. So also the them could not write their own valley of the Ten Mile was a favorite names. Besides the products of the and short-line route of communica- soil, the dairy and the fruits of the tion between the valleys of the Ohio gun, they had little else to subsist and Monongahela; and hence this upon. Of the luxuries of table and region was traversed by the red man toilet, they enjoyed none-of the on all occasions of intercourse be- essentials, a scant supply. Salt, flour, Lween those rivers, whether of a the industrial utensils, ammunition, friendly or hostile intent; and the calico and muslin, and the hundred nameless horrors of fire and rapine-- other essentials too numerous to of torture and death which they mention, had to be transported on perpetrated upon the inhabitants, pack horses from Winchester and forms a chapter of incidents too Hagerstown, over hundreds miles of elaborate to narrate, and too shock- rudest, rugged mountain paths. To ing to contemplate. exchange for these they had nothing Prior to the year 1774 the Indians but peltry that would justify trans- were disposed to peace, and though portation. To solve this vexatious a t various intervals, three noted problem, our forefathers early con- Tndians, Capt. Peter, Bald Eagle and ceived the idea of converting their Jacob, were foully assassinated along grain which would not pay carriage, our boundary line by super-savage into whisky which would. A beast whites, they forebore retaliation, and that was able to bear but four sought redress through the more bushels of rye, could transport the civilized forms of law. product of twenty-four bushels when But in the spring of 1774 when turned into alcohol. Thus, to sur- Craesop and Greathouse committed mount the difficulties of transporta- their unprovoked outrages at Yellow tion and meet the necessities of their and Captina creeks, and murdered in condition, whisky became the first cold blood all the friends of Logan-- great staple commodity of the coun- the Mingo chief and white man's ty, and for the same reason still con- friend, then it was that forbearance tinues to hold its demoralizing sway ceased to be a virtue, and the in- as an article of commerce. Had we censed chieftain instituted his cru- but a system of railroads to facilitate sade of retaliation, and caused nearly trade, our surplus grain would every streamlet within the bounds of speedily find other markets, and the Greene county to run crimson with distillation of ardent spirits would innocent blood. Himself and eight inevitably cease from our valleys-- companions, like angels of death. a consummation most devoutly to be made a descent upon the peaceable desired. inhabitants and committed indis- The early settlers were, for the criminate slaughter, and spread ter- most part, of Scotch, Irish and Ger- ror and gloom in every household. man extraction, and were hardy, They came least expected, like a courageous and determined adven- thunderbolt from cloudless sky, and turers-the requisite material to surprising their victims by their sud- cope with obstacles of either forest den appearance, spread death and or savage obtrusion. And to such an destruction with the utmost im- extent did they suffer from depreda- punity. Chief among the horrors of tions of hostile Indians that our ter- rhis incursion was the massacre of ritory was regarded as the slaughter William Spicer and his family at the- pen of the border. Through nearly head of Deep Run. her entire extent from west to east As this was the first murderous along the Dunkard valley did the crusade made into this settlement, Warrior Branch of the great Catawba it may be well to inquire how it was war path hold its way; and woe be- received and what was done in the 154 premises. The country was very forty men under Capt. Francis Mc- sparsely settled, and the means of Clure and Lt. Samuel Kincaid, were communication extremely limited. speeding up Ten Mile to punish and As the alarm was spread from cabin expel the invaders. This terrible to cabin and from settlement to set- visitation proved such a warning to tlement families were conveyed to the inhabitants as necessitated the Garard's fort and preparation made construction of additional resorts for for vigorous defense. Yet notwith- safety and defense. Fort Jackson standing this, order sprang out of was built near Waynesburg, Swan confusion, and by sunrise next morn- and Vanmeter's fort near Carmich- ing one party was organized under aels, and Ryerson's fort on Wheeling Col. William Crawford to go forth creek. and bury the dead, and another of

Data on Corbly-Morris Family Note-The following is a copy of "Elizabeth, one of the children the Major J. B. Morris data given scalped by the Indians lived to be 21 April 5, 1905 of the George Morris years old. Delilah recovered and and Margaret Corbly Morris family married a man by the name of Mar- as fumnished by Harry E. Rice, St. tin. Clairsville, Ohio, R. D. 3, copied by him from the Morris family Bible. "George Morris born in New Jer- sey in 1744, married Margaret John Corbly Corbly, December 19, 1774, and had "Rev. John Corbly was born Feb. the following children: 25th, 1733, died June 9th, 1803, aged 3, 70 years, 3 monLits, 12 days, buried Permelia Morris born November at Whiteley, Pa. Abigail Bull Corbly, 1775. first wife of Rev. John Corbly, died John Morris born March 17, 1777. about 1768, was the mother of two daughters, Margaret and Rachel. Hannah Morris born August 8, Margaret married George Morris Dec. 1779. 19, 1774, was the mother of Levi December Morris and the grandmother of Major Jonathan Morris born J. B. Morris, of Mt. Morris, Pa. 27, 1781. Rachel married Justice Garard, was Levi Morris born April 17, 1783 the mother of Elizabeth Garard and died January 20, 1842. grandmother of Corbly Fordyce, of 15, Fine Bank, Pa. Elizabeth Corbly, Isaiah Morris born Januaiy the second wife of Rev. John Corbly, 1785. and her four children, Nancy, Isaac, George Morris born March 25, Mlary Ann, and Katherine were killed. 1788. Elizabeth and Delilah were scalped Morris born April 11, 1790, by the Indians on the 10th day of Rachel 23, 1813. May 1782, at Garards Fort, and are died February buried in the church cemetery. Huston Morris born December 15, "Epitaph on Elizabeth Corbly's 1792, died December 16, 1879. tombstone: Priscilla Morris born December "Beneath the Indians tomahawk 14, 1794. Me and my babe we fell Was hurried suddenly away Margaret Morris born April 9, With Jesus for to dwell." 1797." 155 Waynesburg College

making a very creditable academic building for the section of the coun- try and at that early date. The charter names, as the first trustees, were Hugh Barclay, Chas. Swan, George Evans, James Flenniken, Robert Lewis, Robert Whitehill, who met and organized in 1810; but the work of instruction began several years later, when Professor Ely was made principal and opened "Greene Academy"-an institution widely known in the western part of the state, at least in the later years oL' its history. The principals in the order of their appointment, were Messrs. Ely, Wakefield, Whipple, Loughran, Miller (G. W.), Long, Ross, Martin, Baker. Dr. Whipple, who came from Ohio, in 1836, called to his assistance Joshua Loughran, who displayed ability as a scholar and a teacher and in a short time succeeded Whipple in the principalship. So far as my knowledge goes, Loughran's admin- istration was the most prosperous in the history of the academy, and an DR. A. B. MILLER intelligent resident of Carmichael,< says that "during Loughran's stay (The following historical sketch of the institution flourished greatly." the founding and growth of Waynes- It was, so to speak, the culminating burg College was written by the late period in the history of a school Dr. A. B. Miller, who was president which did a great work. Before and of the college for many years, and during his stay there was growth; published in the issue of the Republi- after it there was decline. Subse- can bearing the date of June 29. quent to his withdrawal, the acad- 1899.) emy doubtless suffered in conse- Educationally, Waynesburg Col- auence of Loughran's transfer of his lege may be regarded the outgrowth influence and work and many of his of Greene Academy, the latter being students to Waynesburg. the first higher educational effort in It is not too much to say that this Greene county. This acedemy, lo- first attempt in Greene county at cated at Carmichaels, was projected higher education was eminently suc- by the Episcopal church. In 1810, cessful Of its principals perhaus Hugh Barclay, Greene county's mem- Dr. Albert Long. of Constantinople. ber in the legislature, secured a char- has attained greatest distinction, be- ter, and an appropriation of two inm vice president and, as I am re- thousand dollars, to which gift of the liablv informed, practicallv president. State voluntary contributions made of Roberts colle;ge, in the Turkish some addition. The part of the city named-an institution of learn- building first erected is that in stone, ing so famous that sons of royalty to which the brick building was have been among its students. added some years afterwards, the two Among its early students was Hon 156 R. P. Flenniken, minister to Den- ran to open a school in Waynesburg mark in Polk's administration. Hero with a view to the establishing of a (lhe distinguished A. J. Baird, D. D., college; and in the autumn of 1849 whom I regarded as the greatest the school was opened, and conducted pulpit orator in the Cumberland for a time on the second floor of the Presbyterian church, was long a stu Hayes building, on the site of the dent and tutor. Of other ministers present Messenger building, north- there educated may be mentioned east corner of Main and Washington Messrs. J. C. Wagaman, .Tames Mc- streets. At the beginning of the sec- Farland, Luther Axtell, James Mud- ond year or sooner the school was dock, E. F. Baird, J. S. Gibson. In transferred to the brick church on the summer sessions of 1847-8-9, I the hill north of town, and Prof. was myself a student, finding in Loughran had as assistants Rev. P. Prof. Loughran and Mr. Baird excel- Axteil and James Ryal. Also, at tho lent instructors, and among the beginning of the year or at farthest pupils of the academy a number of by the spring of '51, Miss Margaret excellent young men from the best K. Bell was associated with the families in Greene, Faye lte, and faculty and began a career of teach- Washington counties, with some ing that greatly aided in establishing from counties more remote, and a the institution. Meantime applica- few from other States-such young tion had been made to the legislature ,nen as would give character to an for a charter, and on March 25, 1850, institution of any rank, of whom Governor Wmin. F. Johnson signed a many have distinguished themselves bill entitled "An Act to incorporate as educators, jurists, ministers, legis- the Waynesburg College in Greene lators, etc. county, Pennsylvania." The charter The influence of the academy made of the college is a very broad and Carmichaels and vicinity an intelli- liberal one, establishing at Waynes- gent, thrifty and morally strong conl- burg "a college for the education of lnunity. Though it might not have the youth in the English and other been possible to sustain it much languages, literature, and sciences, longer in the shadow, as it had come by the name and style of 'The to be, of a chartered college, it is not Waynesburg College,' the said col- surprising that an intelligent membeT lege to be under the direction man- of the community should speak of agement, and government of seven the closing of the academy as "an trustees;" and empowering the pres- e ent ever to be regretted." It was, ident and professors to confer all de- however, but the old story of bearing grees conferred by the colleges and 1 roy into Italy, for the spirit which universities of the United States." founded and fostered Greene Acad- The preamble to the charter re- emy, and the impulse it gave toward hearses that the petitioners had, "in higher education led to the founding process of erection a large building of Waynesburg College. Had Green' designed for educational purposes," Academy not been, Waynesburg Col- and that they d.sired "to place the lege would not be-such seems a same under the control of the Penn- reasonable judgment in the premise;. sylvania Presbytery of the Cumber- And we may now trace more at land Presbyterian church on condi- length the history of the college. tion that a college shall be started in To refer movements to their which at least three professorships causes, it may be stated that some shall be sustained by the said Pres dissatisfaction had arisen in regard bytery;" and hence the charter pro- to Prof. Loughran's administration vides that of the seven trustees the of the academy, and this fact led Presbytery would be entitled to elect Hon. Jesse Lazear, whose son had four annually, and the stockholders been a student at Carmichaels, and of ti9 property to elect three. Ini Mr. John A. Gordon, who himself the autumn of 1853 the privileges lhad been a student, to invite Lough and rights of the Presbytery guarded 157 WAYNESBURG COLLEGE

by the charter were tendered to the be conditioned, by recent legislation. Pennsylvania synod, a larger eccles- on the sum of $500,000, as a basis iastical body, and it accepted the for the establishment of a college same. The charter was amended to authorized to confer degrees. adapt it to the change of control, and The charter names as trustees, for the number of trustees increased to the first year: Jesse Lazear, Jesse 21. Hook, W. T. E. Webb, Bradley Ma- The following item sets forth the hannah, John Rogers, Judge Mark prerogatives with which the charter' Gordon, R. W. Downey, Wm. Braden, invests the faculty of the college: A. G. Allison, Wm. W. Sayers, Doctor "Section 4. The president and A. Shaw, John T. Hook, John Phelan. professors of the said college for the Of the 13, who were then prominent. time being, shall have power to grant citizens, not one survives. and confirm such degrees in the arcs It was doubtless proposed to erec' and sciences, to such students of the the building by subscriptions, and colleges and others, when by their the records of the trustees speak oi' proficiency in learning, professional steps taken for the collection of sub- eminence, or other meritorious dis- scriptions, but either the subscrip- tinction, they shall be entitled there- tions were inadequate or were, .at to, as they may see fit, or as are least in part, not collected; for re- granted in other colleges and univer liable testimony has it that the con- sities in the United States, and to tractor, Elijah Adams, Sr., after- grant to graduates and others on w ards known as "Sheriff Adams," whom such degrees may be conferred, was largely paid from money bor- diplomas or certificates, as is usual rowed of the Farmers & Drovers in colleges and universities." Bank, certain friends of the new en- Though the language of this see- terprise giving obligations for the tion is open to criticism in a point money; which obligations, amount- cr two, its meaning is very perspicu- ing, with interest to $6,000 or more, ous. The chartered powers of the ,w'ere released by the bank; and for trustees are broad and judicious, em- this liberal donation by the bank, as bracing every right needful for the it practically was, the college is most government of the college and the largely indebted to Hon. Jesse Lazear enlargement of its facilities. The who, as I am reliably informed, then friends of the college may consider owned more than half the stock of themselves exceedingly fortunate in the bank; and mention of this trans- securing a charter which would now action is here made, that credit may 158 be rendered to whom credit is due, rate board the management of what- and honor to whom honor. As I ever of endowment had been secured, understand the matter, it is to Mr. as also the business of raising more, Lazear, more than to any one person, and hence was chartered the Board that the public is indebted for the of Trust of the Pennsylvania Synod beneficial support that made the col- of the Cumberland Presbyterian lege possible. church, with power to receive, hold, The old building is still in seem- and invest the funds of the Synod ingly perfect condition, not the designed for education purposes ger- slightest crack appearing anywhere erally and for the endowment of' in the brick walls. Through the Waynesburg College; and this board generosity of Rev. William Hanna, of now consists of Dr. J. T. Ullom, pres- Canonsburg, Pa., it received a new ident; J. A. F. Randolph, treasurer: ,ilate roof in the summer of 1896. W. T. Hays, secretary; R. L. Parkin- Though but an humble building, be- son, and R. F. Downey. This board ing 75x50 feet, three stories, it was is not subject to annual election, as well planned, and at the time of its are trustees. It holds as part of the erection numerous colleges had endowment, the lot of ground of buildings not more capacious nor about 3 acres lying north of the col- more imposing. There is no reason lege buildings, and a total endow- why it may not stand for hundreds ment of property, money and pledges of years, and it should be sacredly supposed reliable, about $50,000. preserved as significant of the hum- The interest realized on invested en- ble beginning of the institution, and dowment goes to support the faculty. .i memento of nigh half a century of The important relation of this splendid educational work done with- Board of Trust to the general we-- in its walls. fare of the college is too obvious to The ecclesiastical relation of the need explanation, and it is due to college is of easy explanation. The note in passing that the board seems founders were themselves Cumber- to execute its trust and transact its land Presbyterians. Besides, the business with a degree of care and resbyterians of the region had al- fidelity which are a guarantee of a ready one college too many; the shrewd guardianship and application Disciples had one at Bethany; the of funds in accordance with the de- Methodists one at Meadville; and sign of the donors. thus in the case of our college it wa- Ecclesiastically, Waynesburg Col- the union of a church without a lege is, then, the child of the Cum- school and a school without a church berland Presbyterian church, and the in its spirit and in its internal man- Pennsylvania Synod of that body is egement and work the college is, the guiding fostering mother. The however, practically unsectarian, denomination began its work in neither the faculty nor the trustees Pennsylvania in the early part of the being at any time composed wholly century, and very early in its work of Cumberland Presbyterians; and began to plan for the establishment the patronage has represented all the of an institution of learning. Madi- Christian churches of the region, not son College at Uniontown, Pa., was excepting the Catholic; and it is cer- its first educational venture; but lack tainly a credit to the management or of means and hurtful dissensions the college that during the more soon brought that effort to an end, than fifty years of its actual work,. the college itself soon becoming not a simple difficulty, certainly not extinct. The next endeavor was at any worthy of mention, has risen out Beverly, Ohio, to which point the of the mingling of students of re- president of Madison college and the ligious affiliations so numerous and, attention of the Synod was transfer- in some cases, so diverse. red, that territory being then a part In the course of time the Synod of the Pennsylvania Synod. Bu: deemed it better to commit to a sepa - this endeavor had less continuance 159 and more inglorious failure than the struction began in it. Coming from former, the president forsaking it co my home near Brownsville, and warn the people of the near approach bringing with me two students, I of the "end of the world," as the reached Waynesburg the opening day Millerites of the forties would have it. of the term, to act in the double The attention of the denomination capacity of student and a teacher in was then concentrated on Greene the preparatory department, Mr. Academy with Rev. Joshua Lough- Frank Patterson, who was a student, ran, a C. P. minister, as its principal; being my associate in the prepara- and from the academy the church tory instruction. I found here as the transferred into Waynesburg College faculty of the college, Rev. Joshua both its attention and the principal Loughran, president; Rev. R. M. cf the now extinct academy. Fish, professor of mathematics; and The following bit of local history Miss Margaret K. Bell. These met may be suitably introduced here: the requirement of the charter, that In May or June Rev. Leroy Woods the building was to be placed "under and Rev. Milton Bird were holding a the control of the Pennsylvania Pres- meeting at Ten Mile, Washington Co., bytery of the Cumberland Presbyter- Pa., when an invitation was extended ian church of the United States upon to them to come to Waynesburg and the condition that a college shall b'- hold a meeting. At the close of the started, in which at least 3 professor- Waynesburg meeting, on request of ships shall be sustained by the said Mrs. Isaac Beeson (a sister of Mr. Presbytery; and this "condition" ha- Henry L. Pennock, who was a con- at all times been complied with by vert of the meeting,) then visiting in the Church (the Synod, to which the Waynesburg, the two ministers next chartered rights and obligations were, visited Uniontown, and there held a transferred by action of the Presby- meeting. On request of Gen. Alex tery, a corresponding amendment to McClelland, of Smithfield, Pa., they the charter being made). next held a meeting in McClelland's academy. At the close of the At the close of the year 1852 three Waynesburg meeting, funds being young ladies were graduated: Misses solicited for the purpose by the Martha Bayard, Caroline Hook and woman well known to Waynesburg Elizabeth Crawford. The first class as Aunt Maria Harvey, a new suit of young men graduated in Septem- was presented to each of the min- ber, 1852, consisting of Jas. R. Rine- isters. The contributions for the two hart, Wm. E. Gapen, Clark Hackney suits proving liberal beyond what and A. B. Miller. Several young was needed, Miss Harvey said, "Now ladies were graduated at this conm- let us purchase for each a horse, mnencement, and the college has eve- y saddle, and bridle," which also was subsequent year graduated a class. done. The ministers declared the During our civil war the class of Waynesburg people the most liberal 1862 consisted of but one graduate. they had met, and on their own On the day of my graduation I wa:3 steeds, they made their way to Union- nominated by the synod (then in town. The circumstances related session in Waynesburg) to the pro- furnish a striking illustration of the fessorship of mathematics, Professor fact that from beginnings very hum- Fish having resigned on account oC ble may come results of great pro- inadequate salary. A year of har- portions and permanent value. mnonious work brought us to the com- Waynesburg College and all the work mencement of 1854, when a still it has done are but a part of the larger class received diplomas. At truits of the labors of those two and this stage President Loughran ten- a few other earnest ministers. dered his resignation, and it was ac- The first building was finished in cepted. While there were some the autumn of 1851, and on the first criticisms on his management of the Monday in November the work of in- college, the main reason for Mr. 160 Loughran's resignation was lack of me, "I could sell it out, but I will support, as he himself told me, de- not do so now." Reference is made claring at the same time that he to this matter to remind its friends thought me "foolish in remaining of the great financial straits through with the college" when the outlook which the college passed in those was so discouraging. early years. The Synod's meeting that year not Again the trustees awaited the will occurring until after the opening of of the Synod, and as that body was the fall term, the college work went not to meet for nearly a year, John forward for a few weeks without a C. Flenniken, Esq., a member of the president, but in October the Synod Board, was made president pro tem. selected Rev. J. P. Weethee, who had Mr. Flenniken took a deep interest been president of the (then) defunct in the college, but instructed no Madison College and afterward at classes, and visited the chapel exer- the head of the fruitless effort at cises but a few times, leaving to me Beverly, Ohio. During Mr. Wee- the direction of the work and other thee's term there was much discus- details of management. sion in regard to what should be the Upon the next meeting of the complexion of the institution; Synod, in the fall of 1858, Rev. Wil- whether a college and female liam Campbell, the pastor of the seminary, or simply a college ad- Waynesburg congregation, nominated mitting both sexes. As a kind of me to the presidency of the college. compromise arrangement, the trus- adding-what is not highly flattering tees decided that it was a college -"I see nothing else that can be with a "female department," the said done." From that time forward for Idepartment to have its own principal. fifteen or more years, nolens, volens, But usage has long disregarded the I acted on the suggestion of the pres- proposed arrangement, and the col- ident and secretary of the board- l ege admits students regardless of took the college and ran it. I em- sex. as being all alike under the one ployed the members of the faculty i(1dministration. The college was and paid them; and in order to pay certainly one of the first to admit them I was compelled to resort to both sexes-I know of but one that numerous expedients. Eleven years, preceded it in this respect. though usually teaching six hours At the end of the three years daily, I preached to the Waynesburg (1857), divisions and some strife C. P. church drawing my support, and incident to the discussion of the so- giving the college my labor in it. In called "seminary" to the college, Mr. numerous instances I lectured for Weethee resigned the presidency bu- teachers institutes sometimes receiv- more especially on account of lack of ing $100 for a week's work which paid support. His entire salary for the was divided among the poorly year was unpaid, and the trustees instructors in the college. It is nct had nothing with which to pay. At a matter of doubt with me that indi- a meeting held in an office in the vidual management held the college care- court house, they directed the presi- through the ordeal, when even dent and secretary (Hon. C. A. Black ful trustee management would not and J. A. J. Buchanan, Esq.) to con- likely have succeeded. Scholarships to Mr. Weethee to the had been bought on condition that a fess judgment would amount of his salary, which they student having the use of one full and On the adjournment of the be required to pay no tuition, did. a meeting, the president and the secre- while the number issued admitted in- tary came to me and the latter said: large per cent of the students, the I have talked the come from even the perpetual "Mr. Black and t matter over, and we see nothing tha scholarship was only $6 a year and in- can be done with the college but for that not promptly paid-in some you and Mrs. Miller to take it, run stances never paid. The scholarship the it if you can." Mr. Weethee said to was an expedient for beginning 161 collection of endowment, but proved the trustees and making known my almost disastrous. At one stage the fears and my faith, they seemed treasurer (Hon. Jesse Lazear) called fearful and of but little faith, but me to the bank, to put into my hands they replied, "if you can present us all the scholarships, when, on my ex- reliable subscriptions amounting to pressed lack of appointment to any $25,000, we suppose the building such guardianship and agency he can be undertaken;" whereupon a said, "Well, if you will attend to canvass was at once made, the re- these things they will be attended to; sponses exceeding my expectation; so if you will not they will not be at- that in a short time the required sub- tended to, for I can give them no scription was presented, and it was more attention." Reference is made agreed that the building might be to this circumstance, and to my per- undertaken. Going to Uniontown to sonal management of the college appeal to a few friends, I was greatly through the period referred to, as encouraged by Mrs. Judge Huston containing my justification for hav- and Mrs. Isaac Beeson, each of whom ing been "so mixed up with the finan- pledged $500, the latter afterward cial affairs of the college." If any increasing her contribution to $1,000. other college on the continent has The next step was to decide what been engineered, through such a kind of building to erect, with a view financial strait, more economically, to which I visited a number of build- honestly, or successfully, than this ings, finding at Bethany one whose one was, I would be glad of an op- proportions amazed me. Swarth- portunity to take off my hat to the more, the college of the Friends, has man who did it. an exceedingly good building. ] During the first three years after went also to Princeton, N. J., New my appointment the college made Brunswick, and other college seats. rapid progress, but the war made But no building seen was taken as a heavy demands on our large attend- model. After explaining to J. W. ance of young men, several times al- Drumm, a Pittsburgh architect, the most depleting it of students capable number of rooms desirable and their of bearing arms. The close of the sizes, I requested him to submit to war brought a period of unusual us drawings combining, as far as prosperity, and progress was again possible, the two points of convenient very noticeable in college affairs. internal arrangements and architec- The growing patronage and our en- tural elegance of exterior. Other vironment led to the effort long age, architects submitted drafts, but that undertaken but not fully finished un- of Mr. Drumm was unanimously til this date, the erection of th,- adopted by the trustees, and both the spacious and beautiful building dedi- interior and the exterior certainly cated yesterday. bear testimony to Mr. Drumm's taste A full account of the erection o2 and judgment. That ideal of the the new building would be a long architect and the trustees has at last story, and one not devoid of interest. been fully materialized in brick and Early in the seventies, seeing that stone and mortar. The building con- new and spacious edifices had been tains 1,400,012 bricks, is nearly 160 erected near us by Washington and feet in length, the greatest depth Bethany colleges, another at Morgan- + being 80 feet. The cost is not town for a new university, and one a known, but numerous parties accus- California for a State Normal school. tomed to judge in such matters have it was apparent that to "arise and expressed the belief that such a build" was the only way to escape building could not be erected at a being swallowed up by this encroach.- less cost than $100,000. So many ing competition. Pent in the ona parties finished rooms each, who small building, our institution wouli ,made to the trustees no report of the have been in deplorable contrast sums expended, that no attempt was with those about us. Going before ever made to ascertain the grand 162 total cost. The literary societies, end designed-the property was se- the Young Men's Christian Associa- cured and has finally been completed. tion, Dr. Byron Clark, Mr. John and the debt-a "thousand thanks" Rose, of Ruff's Creek, and others to generous friends of the college!- finished rooms. The alumni finished has been paid. the great hall. Rev. E. E. Baily, The home community did a gener- :-oliciting the funds in part perhaps: ous part toward the erection of the finished what is known as the art- building, but it should be borne in room, and otherwise aided to such an mind that this educational structure extent as to deserve special mention, was conditioned also on the gifts of as do others. I did myself a great many, many friends far from Way- deal of work, and my boys hauled nesburg, some of whom have never hundreds of barrels of water, for my looked upon what their money help- work and theirs no charge being ed to rear. Taking up one of my made. To mould so many brick al- reports of "funds collected for the most exhausted Ten Mile creek for new building," made on April 1, water to moisten the clay, and to 1881, I find that it shows the collec- burn them required a good sized tion of $1,465.80, which was gather- forest, a good deal of which was do- ed from eighty-five (85) parties, in- nated. Reference has been made to cluding collections in congregations these details because some people and in Sunday schools, and from in- have been not a little exercised be- dividual contributors in Illinois, cause nobody can tell "exactly what MAIissouri, Philadelphia, &c., and in the building cost." An intelligent sums ranging from 25 cents to $100. insurance agent, accustomed to esti- only four persons contributing, each. mate the cost of buildings said to me $100, and of these four no one was a a few months ago, "what did that resident of Greene county-two of building cost?" to whom I replied, them residing in Fayette county, one "what do you say it cost?" "Well, in Washington county, one in Pitts- sir," he responded, "if there was no burgh. If some of us felt the burden steal in it, I think it was built for pretty heavy, we still have ground $100,000; but I think a contractor for thankful remembrance of the would not undertake such a building numerous friends whose gifts so for less than $125,000." supplemented ours as to adorn our In this connection I may suitably. home community with this beautiful ,nd somewhat in self-defense, correct temple of learning-a "thing of a false impression entertained by beauty," to be a "joy" to us and com- some of the friends of the college. ing generations. Nor must we forget The indebtedness lately paid was not that much of this money, whether contracted by me. When the work contributed here or abroad, was was underway the trustees saw the really given to the Cumberland Pres necessity to avoid damage to the byterian church, which is joint owner property, of completing the walls with us in the building its money and putting them under roof, to do helped to erect, and to carry out the which required a large sum-much will of which the faculty, and trus- larger than could be realized in a few tees, and trust-board are but the weeks by contributors. A loan was agents. first secured, and later bonds were At the very beginning of the at- issued to cover the sum borrowed, tempt to build, two very great dis- and to raise more money for carrying couragements confronted us; first, a forward the work. The step taken local financial crash of a most dis- seemed to the trustees the only prac- astrous kind, resulting in the total ticable way of tiding the work over or partial loss of several of the first the crisis that was upon them; and large subscriptions; second, the whether or not the plan adopted was death of Mrs. M. K. B. Miller, who the best possible in the case, it is was, beyond question, the most popu- now apparent that it answered the lar teacher the college has ever had. 163 On looking at the drawings of the progress, from about 100 pupils the architect, she uttered words which first year, to nearly 400 by last year's after events made to seem prophetic: register; from a humble building "I shall never see the erection of worth $6,000, and covered by debt, such a building as that." Of lesser to property reasonably estimated at discouragements there were not a $100,000, and it totally out of debt; few. Some said, and likely thought, from no endowment, to somewhere that the building was "entirely too near $50,000, with prospect of early large," and predictions were noit and generous additions. wanting that "such a building would 2. That the work of instruction never be completed in the world." has always been of a high grade-by But it lias been completed, and the thoroughly competent and efficient true friends of the college will thank teachers. God and take courage. The past is 3. That the students have been of secure, the present is ours, the fu- an unusually good class, with respect ture is full of hope. to both diligence and behavior. It would be suitable and pleasant, 4. That notable harmony ha-; did space permit, to write at length marked its fifty years of work, there of the good the college has done, of having been very little discord in thb the many excellent teachers it has en- faculty, between and students and rolled in its faculty, of men and the faculty, and between the trustee., women whose friendship has beers and the students or the faculty. specially helpful, &c., &c. In con- 5. That the college is today nota- cluding this I may, without fear or bly prosperous and has a more hope- dissent by any candid person, in- ful outlook than at any previou:-s formed in the premises, claim for the stage in its history. college: 1. That it has been a continuous A. B. MILLER.

Greene County's Military Record Centennial Address by Maj. J. B. Morris I presume that the Centennial ritory. Owing to the numerous wiid Executive Committee invited me to beasts that roamed at will and .h' deliver the address upon the military frequent incursions of the hoscLie In- history of Greene county, from the dians, some form of military oirgan- fact that early in the 50's I was cap- ization was necessary for the pro- tain of a volunteer company, and tection of the settlers; forts were was connected with the military serv- erected, competent men were put in ice of the United States during the command, and every male inhabitani' war of the rebellion. Be this as it armed with the trusty rifle. There nmay, the invitation was accompanied were many of these early settlers with the command "you must ac- whose deeds of bravery would add an cept." To obey being one of the firs; interesting leaf to our county's h's- duties learned by the soldier, I am tory, but unfortunately the names of here today in obedience of that conm- nmany of them have been lost. mand. There were but few of the early There was a small settlement as pioneers deserving a more prominent early as 1758, but from 1765 to 1770 place in our county's history than a number of emigrants came to th-s Col. John Minor, who held his com- then almost unbroken wilderness. mission from the government of V'r- afterwards called Greene county, Pa. ginia. He superintended the erection At that time Virginia claimed this of several forts, and was active in and much more of the adjoining ter- leading scouting parties against the 164 Indians. At the close of the Indian of their families and homes. That hostilities he was elected a member they were in full sympathy with the of the legislature and appointed struggle for independence was evi- Associate Judge of the county. denced by their meeting together on George Morris was commissioned the 4th day of July, raising what captain of a company of scouts by they called a "Liberty Pole," reading Lord Dunmore, then Governor of the Declaration of Independence, Virginia. He accompanied Lord singing patriotic songs, some of their Dunmore, in 1774, in his expedition numbers making patriotic speeches against the Indians in Ohio. He was in which they would recount the captain of a number of men at hardships and privations of the Garard's Fort. soldier who fought for liberty and In the spring of 1793, two com- independence, as well as the justice panies of minute men were enlisted of the cause for which they fought, for the protection of Southwester. never forgetting to denounce tyranny Pennsylvania from the Indians. and King George III, in the most Headquarters were at Block House, forcible language. This was the cus- Ryerson's Station, Greene county, tom for many years. (then Washington county). Captaii In the war of 1812, there was a William Crawford and Captain Jame3 unanimous feeling of hostility Seals commanded these companies. against England. A company of Capt. Seals lived in the old stone cavalry was formed and entered the house at the toll gate on the west service of the United States under side of Waynesburg, Pa. Joh-i the command of Captain Seeley. Brown, Thomas Morris, .GeorLg Arch- Jonathan Morris, Levi Morris, George er, Enoch Enochs, Sr., Enoch Enochs, Morris, Jr., John P. Minor, Joseph Jr., Thomas Courtwright, James Masters, Thomas Clark and many White, Archibald Guthrie, Solomon others were members of this com- Hobbs, Edward Grandon and forty pany. There was also a company of others belonging to Captain Craw- infantry formed and attached to the ford's company. fifteenth regiment, Pennsylvania Robert Miller, Charles Cracraft, militia, commanded by Lieut. Col. Abraham Ross, Thomas Davis, Ab a- Ferree, under Brig. Gen. Richard ham Teagarden, William Teagarden. Crooks. This company was com-- Jr., John Hook, Samuel Fordyce and manded by Captain William Harper. twenty-five others belonged to Capt. Corbly Garard, John F. Wright, Seals' company. Samuel Crago, David Evans, Barnet After the battle of Lexington and Taylor, Robert Kincaid, George the adoption of the Declaration of Seaton, Thomas Scott, John Bell, Independence by the Continental Samuel Gordon, Charles Anderson Congress on the 4th of July. 1776, and some fifty others were members the pioneers of Greene county almost of this company. unanimously espoused the cause of Several young men of Greene the American colonies. But the county entered the United States years of the Revolutionary war were service in the Mexican war, among the years in which the most terrible whom were Andrew Ferguson, Cyrus massacres were perpe- and frequent Stroman, Henry Dean and others trated by the savages. It was dur- whose names I do not recall. ing these years that the families of Rev. John Corbly, the Spicers. th.e Prior to the year 1830, Dr. Layton Bozarths, the Martins and the Crow-; was elected Brig. Gen. of the military and scores of others were massacred brigade that embraced Greene county. and many were carried into cai- He was succeeded by Benjamin B. tivity. These facts prevented the Woodruff. Gen. Woodruff was after- pioneers from enlisting in the Con- wards elected Sheriff of Greene tinental army. Their military serv county. Jesse Lazear was elected ices were needed for the protection Brig. Gen. to succeed Gen. Woodruff. 165 Gen. Lazear represented his district Va., infantry. Bradley Mahanna was in Congress. Joseph G. Garard waz brigade inspector for one term; he elected Brig. Gen. after the expira- afterwards entered the United States tion of Gen. Lazear's term. John H. service as Colonel of an Iowa regi- Wells was his successor. ment, in the war of the rebellion. The Legislature having repealed Captain A. A. Stout succeeded the old militia trainings, Greene Bradley Mahanna as Brigade Inspec- county was made the 45th brigade of tor. Captain Stout entered the the 17th division of the Pennsylvania United States service as First Lieu- uniformed militia. At the close of tenant, Co. F, seventh regiment, W. Gen. Wells' term, Dr. Spencer Morris Va. infantry, war of the rebellion. was elected Brig. Gen. for two terms. Henry Barnes was the last Brigade The only incident of interest during Inspector prior to the rebellion. Dr. Morris' term was a three days The largest military encampment. military encampment near Garard's ever held in Greene county or in Fort in August, 1855. By request., Southwestern Pennsylvania was at Gen. Morris delivered an address be- Waynesburg in the autumn of 1843; fore the military and an immense a number of volunteer companies of concourse of citizens on the ground this and adjoining counties were near Garard's Fort where the Corbly present. They encamped near that family was massacred by the Indians town for three days. Levi Anderson, on the second Sabbath in May, 1782. who was captain of the "Dunkard He paid a grateful tribute to the Patriots," a company of one hundred memory of Rev. John Corbly, who and twenty-five men, was selected to preached the first sermon in the ter- command this large assemblage of ritory now called Greene county. He volunteers. One night, during the described at some length Garard's encampment, the long roll was Fort, a wooden structure composed sounded and a sham battle was of rough pallisades, large split log; fought, and while no blood was shed. of sufficient height firmly set in the yet some of the incidents of that. ground. The rough structure was battle are often spoken of by some more than two hundred feet square now living who took part in the en- and was the home of more than one gagement. Captain Anderson was a hundred people for over seven years. splendid specimen of American man- This fort was on the! farm formerl- hood. He removed to Illinois, where owned by Hon. Jonathan Garard. in he acquired much wealth and was Greene township. honored with the position of Judge The early settlers of Greene coun- of the Court. A company in this en- ty endured untold hardships during campment from Uniontown, com- the period when the red man wielded manded by Captain James Bough. at- the tomahawk and scalping knife. tracted much attention for their Seventy years ago the office of soldiery bearing and their splendid Brigade Inspector was one of ths uniforms. most lucrative offices in the county. About the year 1835, Greene courn- and was held by Maj. Lot Lantz for ty had one of the largest and best fourteen years. Major Lantz was at uniformed battalions of volunteers in that time one of the most populai Southwestern Pennsylvania, com- citizens of the county. He was suc- posed of the "Whiteley Democrats," ceeded by Remembrance H. Lindsey. commanded by Maj. Lot Lantz; the Major Lindsey held for a term the "Jackson Guards," Captain Jonathan office of Sheriff. He was succedod Garard. Captain Garard served two as brigade inspector by Maxwell Mc- terms as Associate Judge of Greene Caslin, who afterwards represented county. The "Monongahela Blues." Greene county for several terms in Capt. Benj. F. Black. Captain Black the Legislature and Senate. and dur- represented Greene county in the ing the war of the rebellion wns- Legislature. These companies were colonel of the Fifteenth regiment, W. composed principally of farmer's 166 sons. At that period there were was a well drilled officer, and took many survivors of the Revolution, as great pride in the company, under well as the war of 1812, and these whose training it soon became a num- men believed that to belong to a mili- ber one company, and attracted fa- tary organization was the highest vorable attention at all encampments evidence of patriotism. There were for proficiency in drill and soldiery few better drilled battalions in the bearing of the men. The company state. Maj. Corbly Garard, who now numbers 52 men, with Thos. S. served in Col. Ringland's regiment in Crago, Captain. Alexander Hawkins the war of 1812, was drill-master of is Colonel of the regiment. these companies. The wide reputa- The patriotism of the inhabitants bat- tion of this splendid volunteer of Greene county has never been talion was largely due to his elficient questioned. Every man and woman instruction. felt proud of our growing republic, A few old men in this county and when the news came that the flag recollect the immense crowds of both of the country had been fired on at sexes who would collect on training Fort Sumter, a universal feeling of days to witness the military display. indignation was publicly expressed not only so, but many personal mis- Men forgot their political opinions, understandings and grievances were and when the call for men and means settled by fistic battles. About came, Greene county was prompt to seventy years ago a volunteer com- respond. Bates' History of Greene pany was organized at Waynesburg County says: "Greene county soldiers called the "Franklin Rangers," com- served in 27 regiments in the war of manded by Captain Baltzell; the the rebellion." I find the number is "Independent Blues," Captain Jack- too low, they having served in at son, and "Liberty and Dunkard least 31 regiments. The records are Rangers," of Wayne township. Cap- incomplete, the men having entered tain Henry Shriver. The "Iranklin the service in companies and squads. Blues" was commanded by Maxwell I have been unable to ascertain the McCaslin at the time he was brigade exact number from this county who inspector. The Greene Light Cavalry served in the Union Army, but I do was commanded by Captain Charles not hesitate to say that no county in A. Black. He served a term as State the State had a greater number, in Senator and was Secretary of State. proportion to her population, and the The Waynesburg Blues was com- records bear me out in saying that manded by Capt. Bradley Mahanna no soldiers in the service behaved who was a splendid officer, and thei more bravely, suffered more in bat- Blues was one of the best drilled ties and in rebel prisons, than the companies that was ever in the coun- sons of Greene county. ty. Capt. Mahanna was succeeded In speaking of the service of our by Capt. John C. Flenniken, who soldiers I will only refer to the com- served a term in the State Senate. panies and regiment to which they John A. Gordon was Captain of a belonged, as well as a few of the volunteer company in Wayne town- principal battles in which they were ship. He entered the United States engaged, from the fact that they service during the rebellion, and were in such a number of regiments, served as Captain of Co. G, 85th Pa saw so much service, were in so many infantry. A volunteer company on battles and skirmishes and their Muddy Creek was commanded by losses in killed, wounded and cap- Capt. Hufty. tured were so great that it is impos- There has been only one company sible in the time allotted to the ad- of uniformed militia in the county dress to give a detailed history of since the war of the rebellion-Co. K. the command to which they belonged. 10th regiment, N. G. P., which wa.s telling of all the battles they were in organized at Waynesburg in 1879 or the names of those who lost their with John M. Kent as Captain. He lives or to follow them in all their 167 long and weary marches, of their in as many hard fought bat- sufferings in the hospitals of pain, or tles and suffered as severe losses the terrible prison pens of hatred and as any corps in the service. famine. In fact human languace In fact the losses of the Reserves had cannot portray the horrors of the been so heavy, their service so suffering of those poor soldiers who arduous, that they were, early in were so unfortunate as to be cap- February, 1863, withdrawn to Wash- tured and confined in those prisons. ington to rest and recruit, where they As the suffering of the soldiers who remained until Lee's army invaded were confined in rebel prison pens our State. When many of the officers was so different from that of the petitioned that they be ordered with- soldier, I will give the names oL in the borders of that state for her forty-five Greene county soldiers. defense, as they had often met tihe Doubtless there were others whose enemy when he was at home, and names I have been unable to find, they now wished to meet him again who died or so d to Utlhnrebel when he threatened their homes, their prisons: P iery~ickman,-- 'Var~ionMor- families and firesides. This petition r;s, John Dukate, George Chapman, was granted, and all but one brigade Hiram M. Johns, Eli Meeks, Joseph of the reserves took part in the G. Morris, Henry Gass, Alex Morris battle of Gettysburg, which was the John Hendershot, Francis Clutter, turning point of the great struggle. James Allen, Joses McCullough, John Company I was first commanded T. Morris, Geo. Elliot, Wm. Davis, by Capt. Silas M. Bailey, but upon Jonathan Gregory, Vnm. B. Day, his promotion, John M. Kent wa, Frederick Shape, James Rumble, A. promoted to captain. The services .T. Durbin, J. M. Ashbrook, John of Company I ar~- too well known to Murphy, J. B. Morse, Daniel Sunston, need repetition here. At the expira- Jonathan D. Headley, John Rogers, tion of three years the term for Nicholas Isart, Stephen Rush, Isaac which the regiment was enlisted. Stiles, George Whitlatch, Isaac Wise, the veterans and recruits were trans- W. F. Miller, Joseph Zimmerman, ferred to Co. H, 191 Reg., and the Samuel Whetzler, C. A. Shibler, C. A. 8th was mustered out of service. Mestrezat, Jacob T. Reamer, Asa The 191st was at the surrender of Kemball, Doctor Gould, John L. Lee, at Appomattox. Clutter, Isaac H. Beech, John Company F, 1st Pa. Cav., was the Kemball. second company mustered into the We will never forget those brave service from our county, being men who suffered thus and died. mustered in August 16th, 1861. Company I, Eighth Pennsylvania This regiment was first commanded Reserves, was the first company that by George D. Bayard, who, though entered the service from Greene young in years, had won for himself county, being mustered into the distinction on the frontiers and who State service June 20, 1861, and into became one of the most gallant of- the service of the United States ficers in the service. He won the about July 26, 1861. The Penn- star and was made the commander sylvania Reserve Corps was first of the Ist cavalry brigade, Army of commanded, after entering the the Potomac, in less than nine United States service, by Gen. George months after he was made colonel A. McCall, with Gens. John T. of the regiment. Reynolds, George G. Mead, and K. 0. The 1st Pennsylvania Reserve G. Ord, Brigade commanders. The cavalry was composed of farmers' names of all these officers were in- sons. They were horsemen, and scribed high on the "Glory Roll" of chose this arm of the service on ac- their country. All who are the least count of the love for the horse. conversant with the history of the 'Tis said this regiment marched war of the rebellion, knoweth that 4339 miles during its three years the Pennsylvania Reserves were service, met the enemy on 66 battle 168 fields among which were Draneville, served in Carrol's 2nd Army Corps, Harrisonburg, Sransburg, Cross commanded by Sumner, Couch and Keys, Cedar Mountain, 2nd Bull Run, Hancock. The history of this corps Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, fortifi- is too well known to need comment. cations at Richmond, Cold Harbor, Scarcely a regiment in the service Malvern Hill, Farmville and Appo- did more service or suffered more rnattox. Out of an enrollment of than the 7th West Virginia. 1500 the casualties were 587. In Companies F and G, 85th Pennsyl- this connection I will say that th9 vania regiment, were mustered into cavalry of Pennsylvania were spe- the service of the United States in cially distinguished, exceeding in October and November, 1861, and losses that of the cavalry of any were with McClellan on the Penin- other State. sula, taking part in the battles of that Company F, 7th West Virginia in- campaign, beginning at Williams- fantry, was the third company mus- burg, May 5, 1862. December, 1862. tered into the service from Greene the command to which the 85th be- county, September 18th, 1861. It was longed was ordered to Newburg, wholly recruited in and officered by North Carolina, where it did good men from Greene county. It entered service. Early in 1863, the com- the service when there was e:-cite- mand was ordered to South Carolina ment and anxiety along the border to cooperate with Gen. Hunter in his line between Greene county, Pa., and operations against Charleston, where Monongalia county, W. Va. West they did hard and dangerous service; Virginians were encouraged to re- the regiment sustaining heavy losses main loyal to the Union with the as- in killed and wounded. Sickness surance that we would help them. prevailed to an alarming extent, This had much to do with this com- caused by the extreme heat of the pany being in a West Virginia regi- days, dampness of the trenches and rnent. The same occurred across th~ poor quality of the water. April, river in Ohio. Company G and D of 1864, the corps to which the 85th be- the 7th West Virginia regiment were longed, was ordered to the Army of from Ohio. Many in companies B the James in Virginia. being engaged and E were from Greene and Fayette in all the battles of that army until counties, Pa. October, 1864. when the veterans and In less than 40 days after comparny recruits were transferred to the F was mustered into the service it 1 88th Pennsylvania regiment, and was in battle, in which the first man, whose term of service was about to Jesse Taylor, from Greene county. expire, were in a short time mus- was killed. The 7th West Virg'nia ttred out of the service. (Company assisted in covering the retreat of F. composed of men of this county, McClellan from Malvern Hill July 2. arrived in Waynesburg via Rices 1862, and from that time until the Landing, November, 1864, in charge close of the war was connected with of Sergeant Z. C. Ragan, the highest the Army of the Potomac. No other officer then in the company. A re- West Virginia regiment belonged to reption and dinner was given them that corps until 1864. Company F at the Court House by the loyal citi- was in all the battles of that corps zens.) including Chancellorsville, Antietam. Company A, 140th Pennsylvania Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. The( Volunteers was mustered into the regiment was so reduced in numbers service September 4th. 1862. and that by order of the war department soon became a part of the first Bri- it was consolidated into a battalion -lde, Second Army Corps. All who (four companies) Sept. 7, 1863, the : re conversant with the history of colonel, major and all supernumerary the war know what it means to be- officers being mustered out of the- long to the 2nd Corps. The 140th service. Pegiment took part in the battles of The 7th West Virginia regiment Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Bristoe 169 Station, Mine Run, Wilderness, Spot- four companies of the regiment sylvania, Toloptomy Creek, Gains charged. The head of the column MSill, Petersburg, Jerusalem, Plank was met at the head of the Main Road, Deep Bottom, Ream's Station, street of the town and forced back Hatcher's Run, Farmville, Appo- for some distance. The losses of the mattox and many other engagements companies were heavy. W. C. that time and space will not permit Lindsey, captain of Company A, and me to mention. a number of others were killed and John F. McCullough, captain of captured. I heard a man by the Company A, was killed in the battle name of Magruder, who lived in of Tolopotomy Creek. Capt. Mc- Hagerstown and in whose house Cullough was a brave and gallant of- Capt. Lindsey died, say that he had ficer. He was commissioned colonel not believed that men could be as of the 183rd Regiment, Pennsylvania brave as those companies were. Volunteers, but not mustered. Capt. Lindsey was one of Greene Only three other Infantry regi- County's brightest young men. ments in all the armies of the Union The first week of June, 1871, the exceeded the casualties of the 140th Ringgold Cavalry, a company re- Pennsylvania Regiment in killed or cruited at Beallsville, Washington died of wounds during the war, its county, Capt. John Keys, passed loss being 17 2/5 per cent of its through Carmichaels, Greene county. total enrollment. Total enrollment, In this company were four Greene 1.146; killed and died of wounds. county boys-John McGovern and 203; died of disease, 132; wounded, George Parshali, of Jefferson, and 256; captured or missing, 217; total, George Gass, of Clarksville, and 817. Thomas Nutt, of Carmichaels. I am The Second Corps, to which the of the opinion that these four men 140th Pennsylvania and 7th West were the first that were sworn into Virginia belonged, completed the the United States three year's service longest march made by infantry in from this county. Gass and Nutt one day during the war, June 29, were mustered out as lieutenants in 1863, when enroute to Gettysburg it the company at the close of the war. marched from Frederick, Maryland, The Ringgold Cavalry was at the to Uniontown, Maryland, a distance battle of Romney where Jesse Taylor of 34 miles. was killed; the camp was called Companies A, G and C, 18th Penn- "Camp Keys" in honor of Capt. Keys. sylvania Cavalry were mustered into In the summer of 1862, Harvey the service in November 1862. Young recruited part of another These companies volunteered from company at Beallsville, and 23 a sense of duty and went to the Greene county boys went in with front when what was meant by this them. They were sworn into the cruel war was fully known; and at service August 22, 1862. Young was a time when the fortune of the con- elected Captain; Hugh Keys, 1st tost seemed to be most favorable for lieutenant, and F. H. Crago, 2nd the enemy. The 18th Cavalry was lieutenant; W. H. Crago and G. W. in the battle of Gettysburg-Gen. Daugherty, buglers. Crago lost both Kilpatrick, Division Commander, and eyes in the service. Lieut. Crago followed the fortunes of the army was commanding the company when of the Potomac until in August 1864, it was discharged in 1865. In the it was sent to the Shenandoah val- consolidation of the independent lry with Sheridan and took part with companies, the battalion was thrown the brave and dashing officer in all in with the 22nd Pennsylvania Cav- the engagements of that army. At alry. Hazerstown. Md.. on the 6th of July. Company B, 1st West Virginia 1 863. with the 18th Pennsylvania Cavalry was mustered into the U. S. Cavalry in the lead, the advance of service November 19, 1862. In it Lee's retreating column was met and were 42 residents of this county. 170 Samuel Grim was commissioned 1st ated with the armies of Sheridan. lieutenant, and J. P. Allum, 2nd Thomas and Stoneman. lieutenant. There were very few After the surrender of Lee's army, cavalry regiments in the service that the 15th being in pursuit of Jeff were in more battles than this regi- Davis, captured 7 wagons containing ment. $188,000 in coin, $1,500,000 in bank The Adjutant General of West Vir- notes, bonds and securities, also ginia, in referring to the service of valuables belonging to private citi- the First West Virginia Cavalry, zens. The regiment was mustered says that it was in 74 engagements, out June 21st, 1865, at Nashville, naming them and giving dates of oc- Tenn. currences, among which are WVin- Company A, 168th Pennsylvania chester, Port Republic, Cedar Moun- drafted militia, was mustered into tain, Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericks- service October 16, 1862, and order- burg, Gettysburg, Chancellorsville ed to Newport News, Va., thence to and Appomattox. At the battle of Suffolk, Gen. Shield's brigade; Gettysburg the 1st West Virginia thence to Newburn, N. C., arriving and 18th Pennsylvania cavalry were there January 1, 1863, and ordered ini the same brigade. to Little Washington, N. C., about The 14th Pennsylvania cavalry April 1. 1863. It was employed in was mustered into the service guard duty, building fortifications August, 1862. There were 52 Greenc, and other duties as the service de- county boys in Company E of this manded. About June 25th it was regiment, four in L one in A and one ordered to Whitehouse Landing, Va. in D. This regiment was soon in the- Lee having invaded Pennsylvania, department of West Virginia, Gen. the 168th was ordered to Maryland, B. F. Kelly, commanding. Gen. and in a few days to Pennsylvania. Averil was their first brigade and In addition to the service to which subsequent division commander. J have already referred I find that Gen. Averil was one of the most dar- soldiers from Greene county served ing and dashing division cavalry of- in the following regiments:-16th. ficers in the service and the duties 61st, 72nd, 77th, 101st, 116th and of the command were arduous, be- 123rd Pennsylvania infantry; 1st, ing almost always in the saddle in. 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 11th, 12th, hlie mountains of West Virginia, the 14th, 15th and 17th West Virginia Shenandoah and the Rappahanock. infantry; 78th Illinois infantry; 2nd Not only so, but his command had Colorado cavalry and U. S. Colorado to be on the lookout for Mosby's infantry. I am sure that these are guerillas, the raids of the dashing not all; therefore, it is easy to be cavalry officer of the Southern Con- seen that it is as before stated, al- federacy. When Sheridan took com- most impossible to ascertain the mand in the Shanandoah valley, he number from this county in the r elied very much on the cavalry, Union army. I believe there were ordering it to charge the enemy in 1800. their fortifications. Thus it will be The war of the rebellion was the seen that the boys from this county most terrible and destructive war who were in the Fourteenth, did that ever befell any people. There hard and valiant service. were 112 battles fought in which Company K, 15th Pennsylvania one side or the other lost over 50-0 cavalry, was mustered into the serv- killed or wounded, and in all there ice August 20, 1862. A number of were 1,882 general engagements, this company was recruited in this battles and skirmishes in which at county. The regiment took part in least one regiment was engaged. the Antietam campaign, and was Never were so many battles fought soon ordered to Rosecrans' army in in any war of so short duration. Kentucky, and from that time until Although it is 31 years since the the close of the war the 15th oper- close of this war, yet it left so many 171 desolate homes, too many vacant costs, who at the call of their coun- chairs, too many maimed and dis- try in the hour of need, left home abled soldiers to be soon forgotten; and loved ones to face the stern and today that war is almost as fresh realities of conflict, danger and in the minds of us all as it was in death. 1865, and we feel a just pride in the It would be a grateful task today part our county took in the great in this presence to call the roll of struggle for supremacy of our gov Greene county's brave and honored ernment, human rights and freedom. dead, and mention personally the This terrible war lasted for four names and deed of each one who fell long years, but it ended, and the in the long conflict, but the number supremacy of the government was is too great to do this. They were maintained. It resulted in the com- your fathers, your husbands, your plete triumph of the government in sons, your brothers and the com- the suppression of all resistance to rades of us old soldiers who are its laws; peace was restored, and to- here. Their memories will ever be day the flag of our country floats in green in our hearts while life lasts. every precinct of our Union and is They need no eulogy of ours; the respected throughout all the world. record of their lives is a part of their There are many here today who eountry's history, and so long as know only the blessings of peace, bu: liberty lives they cannot die. there are some here who know its

Early Merchants of Waynesburg

History tells us that the first small, but successful business enter- store, established in Waynesburg, ifrise of William Crawford-sprang was owned and operated by William thle new and larger stores catering to Crawford, an energetic settler, who, the fashions and luxuries of the East. in the early 1800's purchased a as well as the bare necessities, of a "load" of goods from a settlement few years before. along the Monongahela river, and In 1823, Waynesburg and the ad- began trading. At this time there jacent outlying districts were served were but a few residents living in tho by several general stores and home newly established town, and the one manufactories, and due to the scar- store, catering to the necessities of city of cash with the yeomen of the the settlers, was sufficient. The county, their produce and livestock transporting of merchandise from became a standard medium of ex- Baltimore and Philadelphia was a change between farmer an mer- long and costly undertaking, conse- chant. This barter system was used quently the townspeople and farmers extensively by the merchants of this were compelled to pay exorbitant day. prices for what they had to buy. "Benny" Campbell, proprietor of Clothing, meats, flour, sugar, fresh B. Campbell & Co., one of the largest and dried fruits and vegetables were general stores operating at this time, produced at home, but, the import- carried "an elegant assortment of ant items; such as: salt, tea, coffee, seasonable goods" purchased in Phil- hardware and articles produced by adelphia and Baltimore, which con- the process of manufacturing, were sisted of staple yard goods, such as: to be had only through the local cassimers, cassinetts, calicoes, ging- merchant. As additional real estate hams and cambric muslin, plain and transactions were made by the Com- figured; sheetings, shirtings, cotton missioners, the influx of new settlers cassimers nd bangup cords; raw cot- swelled the population, so grew the ton, flannels, baezes and cotton drill- business of the town. And from thi,/ ing; cotton diapers, waterloo, silk 172 and cotton shawls; domestic plaids, cines." In return for his merchan- bombazetts-figured and plain-cot- dise, he wanted: linen, beeswax, flax, ton, silk and leather gloves; leghorn feathers, "homemade sugar," butter. and straw bonnets, children's mor- lambs wool, bags and all kinds of rocca hats and shoes, and lambs wool grain. worsted and cotton hose; sewing silk, William Graham, a wheelwright boss and floss; men"s Philadelphia- and chairmaker, was located in the made hats, coarse and fine shoes, home formerly occupied by Amos vests and vestings; Spanish and com- Stansberry, one door west of Robert mon cigars, wall paper, groceries, Whitehill's residence. Here he car- suspenders, queensware and hard- ried on the business in all its ware of all kinds; also, glassware. branches with "neatness, durabality, potmetal, tinware and weaver's accuracy, and dispatch." reeds. All goods for cash or "approv- A. Leonard, pioneer clock and ed country produce." watch maker, carried on his trade at Jesse and L. Rinehart, conducted the inn of Barnet Rinehart, opposite separate stores in town and were in the court house. Here he manufac- partnership in the village of Jeffer- tured and repaired clocks, watches son. Jesse Rinehart, was engaged in and jewelry, "on the shortest notice the business of dry goods hardware. and at a moderate price." queensware and groceries. He also Charles Burris handled a "good assortment of medi-

How 67 Counties of Pennsylvania Got Their Names That the names by which we know names of Pennsylvania is as follows: the sixty-seven counties of Pennsyl- Adams county is the namesake of vania were well chosen and fittingly John Adams, second President of the bestowed must be apparent to any- United States. The county was or- one who has given even passing at- ganized in the year 1800, and it is tention to the subject. recorded that about the time its Adams, with It is true that these names have name was to be selected, and a military been popularized by long usage, and a train of attendants the county on his the associations which cluster about escort, traversed seat of govern them give them a meaning and sig- way to the then new It was this in- nificance which in some instances ment at Washington. determined the they did not originally possess. But cident largely that leaving such considerations aside name of the county. Indian origin. Ac- and appraising them at their intrinsic Allegheny is of tradition, a tribe worth, the county names of Pennsyl- cording to Indian a people of vania are appropriate and have a known as the Alligewi, sound. gigantic form, inhabited the territory satisfying mountains a few of the names are among between the Allegheny Not They were in American history; and the Mississippi river. the greatest and Lenni back to the mother coun- vanquished by the Iriquois cthers hark the country of try and helped to make the first set-- Lenape, abandoning and fleeing southward, tlers feel at home in their new their fathers environment; those of Indian origin never again to return. is one of the pleasant to hear and for the Armstrong county are organized in mind to dwell upon, and there is large number that were of Colonel probably not a single one among the 1800. It bears the name that our people would John Armstrong, who commanded sixty-seven Indians to have changed. the forces that defeated the wish He also Arranging the list in alphabetical at Fort Kittanning in 1756. Revolution under order, the significance of the county served in the 173 Washington. posed of carbon, supplied the name Beaver was named in honor of a of the county. celebrated Indian chief, Tamaque, Centre county derives its name the equivalent of Beaver in English. from the fact that it occupies the Bedford was so named for the geographical center of the state. English Duke of Bedford. Chester, the town, was first called Berks county derives its name Upland. When William Penn ar- from the fact that Admiral Penn, the rived, he resolved that the name of father of the founder of Pennsyl- the place should be changed. One vania, owned lands along the Thames of those who made the voyage across in Berkshire, England, and for this the Atlantic with Penn in the ship reason the descendants of William Welcome was a friend named Pear- Penn, in 1752, named the new county son. Addressing himself to Pearson,. Berks. Penn is reported to have said: Blair county perpetuates the name "Providence hath brought us safe of Hon. John Blair, Jr., an early resi- here. Thou hast been the com- dent, who was prominent in the af- panion of my perils. What wilt fairs of Pennsylvania. thou that I should call this place?" Bradford county was originally "Chester," said Pearson, "in remenm- called Ontario. At the suggestion of brance of the place from which we John Bannister Gibson, who when a come in England." Penn replied young man, served as judge of the that it should be called Chester, and district, the county was given its that when the land should be divided present name, in honor of Willian! into counties, one of them should be Bradford, who served as Attorney called by the same name. General during the second admin- Clarion county was organized in istration of President Washington. 1839. According to Day's Historical Bucks, one of the three original Collections of Pennsylvania, the counties, was in some of the early name was originally applied to the papers designated as Buckingham, locality from the "Clarion-like echoe. the name of one of the important coming from the defeated Indians of shires of England. the 'Cornplanter' tribe at the Battle Butler was named for General of Brady's Bend." Richard Butler, of Carlisle, Pa. He Clearfield is by some held to have won distinction as a soldier under received its name from a compara- Gates at Saratoga, Washington at tively clear field in which the buffa- Monmouth, Wayne at Stony Point, loes roamed. Others attribute the and Lafayette at Yorktown. He lost clearing of the field to the Indians. his life while leading a division ol Clinton derives its name from D*e General St. Clair's forces against the Witt Clinton, the builder of the Erie Indians in Ohio in 1791. Canal and a governor of New York. Cambria county numbered amonp, Columbia is a name for whose its early settlers a colony of Welsh, origin we must go back to Christo- and when the county was formed, pher Columbus. they were instrumental in having it Crawford was named for Colonel called Cambria. William Crawford, a soldier of the Cameron county came into being Revolution. His home was in Berk in 1860, when Simon Cameron was a ley county, Virginia. At the request dominant figure in Pennsylvania poli- of Washington he led a force of men tics. He was for a short time Secre- against the Indians of northern Ohio. tary of War in Lincoln's cabinet. Falling into the hands of the enemy served as ambassador to Russia and at Sandusky, in 1782, he was tor- was a United States Senator. The tured to death. county was named for him. Cumberland county derived its Carbon is one of the group o0' name from one of the maritime counties in which anthracite coal is counties of England. found, and this mineral, largely corn- Dauphin county was organized in 174 ago by the 1785 just after the close of the Rev- famous about a century Blue Juniata." olution. The eldest sons of the kings song called "The also an Indian of France bore the title of Dauphin, Lackawanna is the meeting of two and in view of the help France had name, signifying in their fight for streams. given the Colonies to be Dauphin county was Lancaster, the fourth county independence, later fur- in honor of the heir to the established in the State, named out of which French throne. nished the territory other counties. Delaware county, like the river were carved a dozen of an English and bay, commemorate the name of It is the namesake Lord De la Warr, who is reputed to county. in the Delaware bay Lawrence was formed in 1849. have anchored had on his way to Virginia, in 1610. Many of the men of the county when famous battle Elk, as applied to the county, is a participated in Perry's name of Perry's name that will be easily understood, on Lake Erie. The gave rise to even by those who are not faunal flagship, the Lawrence, the name of the county. This ship naturalists. honor of Captain is an Indian name which had been named in Erie the hero of the meant panther, or wild cat. There James Lawrence, tribe on the borders Chesapeake. was an ancient name from Erie that were known by Lebanon derived its of Lake of the Bible. this name. They were conquered by the far-famed Lebanon Lehigh is derived from the Indian the Iroquois. the forks. county was formed in word Lechau, meaning Fayette applied to the was named for General The name was first 1783, and it of the Dela- Lafayette. river Lehigh, a branch Forest county took its name from ware. one of our most historic the fact that a hundred years after Luzerne, named for Chevalier de 9ther sections of the state were well counties, is ambassador from France populated, the territory of this sec- la Luzerne, forest. to the United States. Luzerne forms tion was still a primitive in the organized in a part of the territory which Franklin county, was of the numerous name- early history of Pennsylvania 1784, is one by Connecticut. of Benjamin Franklin. settled and claimed sakes organized a county Fulton was named for Robert Ful- These "invaders" called Westmoreland and the inventor of the steamboat, a which they ton, attached to Litchfield native of Lancaster county, Pennsyl- which was county, Connecticut. vania. name which perpetuates the name of Lycoming is an Indian Greene of a sandy lick. Nathaniel Greene, one of the signified the place General county was organized in most famous of Revolutionary sol- McKean 1804. Thomas McKean, who was diers. was then a famous EnglisL born in Chester county, Huntingdon is the county county is said to have; governor of the State, name. The to his election in honor of the bears his name. Prior been christened McKean was for Countess of Huntingdon. to the governorship, region twenty-two years chief justice of the Indiana county is a fertile He populated by Indians, Supreme court of Pennsylvania. and was well and knew how from whom the name originated. fwas a Scotch-Irishman in to behave like one when the occasion Jefferson county was formed pre- wa, demanded. One of the stories 1804, when Thomas Jefferson was that States, and served concerning him President of the United in court at name. while he was presiding it bears his a mob outside disturbed Juniata is an adaption of a word Harrisburg, he ordered the sheriff to or the Iroquois Indians which meant him, and them. The sheriff replied standing stolne. The name Juniata, disperse was not able to do so. "Then as applied to the river, was made that he 175 why do you not summon your the hero of the naval exploit on Lake posse?" ordered the judge. "I have Erie. summoned them, but they are in- Philadelphia is a Bible name, effectual," said the sheriff. "Then meaning "Brotherly Love." why do you not summon me?" asked Pike commemorates the name of McKean. "I do summon you," sai'd General Zebulon Pike, who led the trembling officer. Not waiting to various exploring expeditions for the discard the robes of his office thi United States government. On one chief justice rushed out, seized a of these he discovered Pike's peak couple of rioters by the throat and in the Rocky mountains. He was the rest beat a retreat. killed in the war of 1812. Mercer county is named for a Potter, formerly noted for its for- Revolutionary hero, General Hugh ests and now gaining recognition for Mercer, who was born in Scotland. its production of potatoes, is the He was with Braddock in the expedi- namesake of General James Potter. tion against the Indians in Pennsyl- who was commended by Washington vania. He commanded a brigade in for his "activity and vigilance." the Revolution and was mortally Schuylkill, noted for its coal and wounded at the battle of Princeton. for many other reasons, took its Mercer county. New Jersey, is als') name from the river Schuylkill, named in his honor. which is of Dutch origin, meanin2g Mifflin county also perpetuates the hidden creek or channel. name of a Revolutionary general, Snyder was so christened in honor Thomas Mifflin, who was of Quaker of Simon Snyder, who was governor parentage and was born in Phila- of Pennsylvania from 1808 to 1817. delphia. He was long prominent in He was the first of the so-called the political affairs of Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Dutch governors. and was the first governor under the Somerset comes from the English Constitution of 1790. county of the same name. Sullivan is another county Monroe, is that of course, named for was named for a Revolutionary James Monroe, the fifth president -',f hero, General John Sullivan, who the United States. was born in Maine and was judge of a United Montgomery county is claimed by States District Court in New Hamp- some authorities to have been named shire at the time of hit death, which for General Richard Montgomery, occurred in 1795. Washington com- who died at Quebec. Others assert missioned him to lead the famous ex- the county was named for General pedition against the Indians after John Montgomery, who commanded the massacre of Wyoming. the Pennsylvania militia at Brandy- Susquehanna is an Indian name. wine and Germantown. which according to the best authori- Montour is a name that figures ties, is taken from Assiskuhanna, largely in the Indian affairs of Penn- meaning a dark and rolly river. sylvania. One writer of reputation Tioga is a corruption of the Iro- says the county was named for "Mad- quois word or name Diahoga, mean- am" Montour, widow of Roland Mon ing the fork-s, as of two streams, tour, a Seneca Indian chief. Another Union has reference to our Union version has it that the county bear;; of States. the name of Andrew Montour, who Venango derived its name from an was partly of Indian blood. ancient Indian village which stood Northampton was named after at the junction of French creek and Northampton, England. (he Allegheny river. Washington Northumberland also took its was among the first to spell the name name from an English county of as at present. Various explanations shire. have been made as to its meaning. Perry county was named in tribuitc Dr. George Donehoo, the present to Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry. state librarian, who is an acknow!- 176 edged authority on Indian lore, says tory claimed by Virginia, was organ- the name comes from the Indian ized in 1773. It was christened after Onenge, meaning a mink. the English county of that name. Warren county was named for Wyoming comes from Meschawo- General Joseph Warren, who was ming, which in the language of the killed at the Battle of Bunker Hill. Delawares meant "great plains." He was a medical doctor in private The English poet, Campbell, who life and he took a leading part in the never visited this country, immortal- events that led to the Revolution, ized the name by his poem, "Ger- Hie died at the age of thirty-four. trude of Wyoming." Washington was named in honor York county, which formed a part who of the "Father of his country,' of Lancaster until 1749, is one of out had many early adventures in that productive agricultural dis- wa.- most section of Pennsylvania, which tricts. It was named for the English then claimed by Virginia. county of York. Gen- Wayne county was named for There have been no new counties eral Anthony Wayne, of Revolution- organized in Pennsylvania since of Ches- ary fame, who was a native 1878, when Lackawanna was carved ter county, Pennsylvania. His cap- out of the territory of Luzerne. he was ture of Stony Point, where Several strong efforts have been many ex- wounded, was one of his made, however, to form a new coun- ploits. General Wayne commanded ty out of the southern portion of army a division in the Continental Luzerne and parts of Carbon and Line, known as the Pennsylvania Schuylkill. A bill with this intent which he led in many campaigns. the legislature during the of the rpassed This division was rated as one governorship of Daniel H. Hastings day best in the service. It saved the during the nineties. To facilitate its for Washington at Monmouth. the proposed county was was passage, Wayne's last great public service called Quay, that gentleman then be- campaign rendered in his successful ing the most potent political leader after two against the Indians in Ohio in the State. less compe- other expeditions under of the new had met with dis- But to the chagrin tent leadership boosters, Governor Hastings at Presqule Isle, now county aster. It was the measure. He was hanged 1796, that General Wayne. vetoed Erie, in on the streets of Hazleton, Indians said that ho in effigy of whom the would have been the seat of slept, slept at last. His death which never the new county if Hastings during his fifty-second yeai. justice of occurred approved the bill. Westmoreland, part of the terri- had

177 INDEX Page First Settlement W est of Blue Ridge ...... 5 First Owners of the Land We Live On ...... 5 The First W hite Resident ...... 7 An Authentic Tradition-Miss Christina Sycks ...... 9 The Four Deserters ...... 13 Mapletown and Carmichaels ...... 15 The Teagardens ...... 17 W hite Savages ...... 19 Andrew Poe and Bigfoot ...... 21 C ol. John M inor ...... 24 T he W ar P ath ...... 27 The Spicer Massacre .29 EElizabeth lizabeth BBozartl ozarth .31 ...... 31 Col. WWilliam illiam CrawfordCr-aw ford ...... 33:.33 "Eden"- Battle of the Ten Mile ...... 37 Fort Jackson ...... 40 Pursley Cireek ...... 55 The T ory Y ear ...... 57 Augustine Dillinger ...... 61 Anecdotes of John Minor ...... 63 Martin's Fort ...... 6 5 Stattler's Fort ...... 67 The Morgans ...... 69 S wan-Hughes-Vanmeter ...... 72 HHughes-Vanmeter ughes-Vannmeter ...... 7.57. Jacob Crow ...... 7 Massacre of the Crow Sisters .... 8 3 The Crow Family ...... 8 5 Greensboro and Albert Gallatin .87 A lbert G allatin ...... 90 L ot L eonard ...... Rev. John Corbly ...... 96 Garard's Fort ...... 104 Wayside Gleanings ...... 106 BBell.108 ell * * ' ' ' ' ' * '. '...... ' ''...... 1 0 8 James Ilarrod11 ..... 10 0...... LLewis ew is WetzelW etzel .112 ...... 112 RRyerson yerson Station .122...... The Other WWetzel etzel BoysBoys.124 ...... 1' 4 George Morris ...... 126 Historical Sketch of Greene County, Jefferson, July 4, 1876 ... 1 3 Land on Which Waynesburg Now Stands ...... 13 4 Rolls of the Companies of Captains Crawford and Seals .. . . 134 Capt. Seals' Company ...... 135 Reminiscences of Olden Times-Surprise of the Scouts ...... 36 An Old Time Circular Hunt .141 John Swan.145Sw an ...... Early Forts ...... 149 Early Greene County ...... 152 Data on Corbly-Morris Family .155 W aynesburg College ...... Greene County's Military Record, by Maj. J. B. Morris ...... Early Merchants of W aynesburg ...... 17' How 67 Counties of Pennsylvania Got Their Names ...... 732 INDEX TO PERSONAL NAMES

CONTAINED IN

PIONEER HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY

BY L. K. EVANS

NEWSPAPER ARTICLES PRINTED IN 1875 AND 1876

PUBLISHED IN BOOK FORM BY THE

WAYNESBURG REPUBLICAN WAYNESBURG, PA, APRIL 39 1941 REPRINTED BY GREENE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY WAYNESBURG, P A 1969

INDEX:COMPILED BY

JESSIE RAISAY SANDWICK

EASTON, PA.

1971 REVISED 1972 p

: I

11 INDEX z ABORIGINES 27 '. BAILY, Eli 131 ADAMS 92 -; Rev. E. E. 163 Elijah Sr. 158 ' Ellis 75 John 173 BAIRD, A. J. 1`57 ADAMSON, Hannah (Smith) 145 E. F. 157 Joseph 145 BAKER Family 20 Stephen 94 ...156 ADDISON, ALEXANDER 76, 77 Joshua 17 AILES, Joseph 145 BALD EAGLE 19, 20, 62, 136, 154 Sarah (Swan) 145 BALDWIN, ...106, 150 ALEXANDER, Mrs. 10 BALTZELL, Captain 167 Widow 103 BAMBO 97 ALLEN, Jacob 135 BANE, .,. 149 James 168 Ellen (Neel) 149 Col. John 88 BARCLAY, Hugh 74, 145, 156 ALLENDER, William 135 BARNES, Henry 166 ALLEY, Elijah 81 sJilliam 48 ALLFREE Family 75 BARTLEY, Miss 147 Alexander 146 BAYARD, George D. 168 Ann 147 Martha 160 Elizabeth (Swan) 146 Samuel 94 George 146, 147 BEACH, William 144 Jacob 146 BEDFORD, Duke of 174 Louisa (Stephenson) BEECH, Isaac H. 168 146 BEEHAM Family 124 Mary 146 BEEKIIAN Boys 124 Thomas 146 BEEN, Ellis Jr. 135 ALLISON, A. G. 158 Ellis Sr. 135 ALLUM, J. P. 171 Jesse 135 ANDERSON, Charles 131, 165 Mordeca 135 Daniel Sr. 26, 132 BEERS, Reuben 146 Levi 166 Sarah Ann (Burson) 146 Miss 147 BEESON, Mrs. Isaac 160, 162 ANDERSONS 107 BELL, Benjamin 108, 109 ANDREWS, Rev. Robert 28 David 108, 110 ANKRON, Joseph 57, 144 David P. 145 vARCHER Family 38 Doroas 109 James 49, 51, 53, 131, Elizabeth (Harrod) 109 135 Mrs. Elizabeth 75, 145 Joe 45, 53, 55, 130 Hannah 108 George 135, :165 Henry 109 Simon 51, 135 Mrs. Hiram 102 ARMSTRONG 36, 103, 107 Isaac 108, 109 Alice (Crawford) 36 James 108-110, 131, 145 John 173 James M. 109 ASHBROOK, J. M. 168 Jesse 109 /ATKINSON, JAMES 135 Jimmy 75 AVERIL, General 171 John 108, 109, i65 AXTEL, Luther 157 John F. 109 Rev. P., 157 John Kennedy 110 BADOLET, John 26, 87, 131 Mrs. John R. 103 BAILEY, Ellis B. 78 John R. 109 Joshua 135 - Joseph 108 Silas M. 168 Lev. Ha;.rod 109, 110 INDEX 2

BELL, Margaret K. 157, 160 BRECKENRIDGE, Hugh H. 92 Mary 108-110 BROOKS, Rev. Asa 107 Morgan 109 Hannah (Flenniken) 107 Rachel 109, 1'0 BROWN, George 136 Samuel 1:i0 John 135, 165 Sarah !08, 110 Matthew 45 Hon. William Jr. 110 Molly 45 BENEDICT, David 97 Vincent 44, 45, 130 BETTS, WILLIAM 135 Wendell 7 BIDDLE, Isaac 72 William 38, 44, 45 BIERER, Eberhart 153 BROWNFIELD, Rev. Im. 27 BIG FOOT 22 BUCHANAN, Andrew 133 BIGGS 136 J. A. J. Esq. 38, 41, Benjamin 17 44, 107, 161 BIRD, Rev. Milton 160 Col. John 46, 55, 56 BLACK, Benjamin . 166 Pres. 107 C. A. 133, 161 BUHAR, Simon 135 Charles A. 132, 167 BULL, Abigail 96, 155 BLAIR, John Jr. 174 BURDEN, Benjamin 5 BONNET (T), John 12, 115 BURGOYNE, General 58 Lewis 115 BURNS, James 143 Miss 9 BURRIS, Charles 173 BOONE, Daniel 109-112 BURSON, Ann (swan) 146 James 131 Edward 146 BOREMAN, A. I. 52 Elizabeth 146 John 131 Isaac 75, 147 Keener 52 James 146 Sarah (Inghram) 52 Martha 146 BOUGH, James 166 Mary (swan) 05, 147 BOUGHNER, 89 Mary S. 146 BOWEN, 31 Richard 146 Betsy 31 Sarah Ann 146 Corbly 147 Thomas 145, 146 Elizabeth 147 BURTNETT, Daniel 145 Nancy 97 Sarah (swan) 145 BOWSER, DAVID 94 BUTLER, Richard 174 BOYD, Mrs. Elily 149 CALDWELL, ...oo 62 BOZARTH, Elizabeth (Mrs.) CAMERON, Simon 174 31-34, 44, 71 CATPBELL, Benjamin Sr. 134 Experience 44, 130 Benny 172 Mr. 33 Elizabeth (Hughes) family 153, 165 148 SRADDOCK, 73, 176 English poet 177 Abner 86 iilliam 148 David G. 124 Rev. Wmin 161 Francis 86, 145 CARMICHAELS, James 59, 131 BRADEN, 145 CARR, Hamilton 118 William 158 Miss 149 BRADFORD, General 23 CARROLL 169 William 174 Hamilton 123 BRADY, 112 John 123 BRAIN 69 Mrs. 123 BRAMLEY, Edward 89 Robert 123 INDEX 3 CARY, Abel 131 CORBLY, Elizabeth 98, 99, 100 CASTLEMAN, 22 103, 155 CATHER, Elizabeth (Inghram) 52 : Elizabeth (Eyers) 102 Robert 143, 144 Elizabeth (Tyler) 98 Col. ,illiam 52, 145 Harriet 103 CHAFFLIN, Solomon 135 Isaac 155 CHAIROFT, Charles 135 Isaiah 99, 100 CHAP HAN, George 168 Rev. John 26, 58, 60, CHEDESTER, Richard 143 96-101, 104, 130, CHERRY, John 22, 23 153, 155, 166 CHILDERS, William 13. 14 John 100, 102, 103 CHURCH, ...(Archer) 53 John, Chapter D.A.R. John 53, 151 150, 155 Henry 53 Katherine 99, 155 Rinehart B. 53 Margaret 97, 99, 100, William 53 127, 155 CLARK, Dr. Byron 163 Mary 102 General 121 Mary Ann 99, 155 John 53, 151 Mrs. 99 Maria 146, 148 Nancy 99, 102, 103, 155 Cap. Samuel 146, 148 Nancy (Lynn) 102, 103, Thomas 165 104 CLARKE, Col. George Rogers 24 P leasant 102 CLAWSON, Peter 86 Priscilla 99 CLAY 92 Rachel 97, 101, 127, 155 CLINTON, Gov. DeWitt 174 Rachel Priscilla 100 CLUTTER, Francis 168 Rebecca (Stevens) 102 John L. 168 Sarah 102, 103 COBB, Nancy (Crawford) 36 William 102 COLLINS, Andrew 135 Family, massacre 99-101 Ann 147, 148 COTTEREL 134 James 148 COUCH 169 Mary (Swan) 75, 147 COURTRIGHT, Thomas 135 143, Sarah (Inghram) 148 144, 165 William 75, 146-148 COX, ... 109 COLUMBUS, Christopher 174 Dorcas (Bell) 109 CONKLE, Henry 135 John B. 109 CONNELL, Senator George 122 CRACRAPT, Charles 165 Sea Captain 122 CRAESAP, CRAESOP, Capt. Michael CONNOLLY, 39 15, 20, 140, 154 COOK (Negro) 34, 138-140 CRAGO, Clementine 147 "Methodist'! 103 F. H. 170 COOKE 141 Miss 145 COOKIS, Mrs. 121 Robert 139 COOMBS, Samuel 34 Samuel 165 COOPER, JOSEPH 144 Thomas 138, 139, 167 CORBLY, ABigail (Bull) 96, W. H. 170 155 CRAIG, Miss 17 Amelia 102 CRAWFORD 67 Andrew 102 Alice 36 Cassandra. 102 Arthur 33, 34 Delilah 100, 155 David 148 M:cs. David 77 INDEX 4

CRAWFORDs Elijah 160 CROW, Michael ( s. Michael) 86,87 Elizabeth 160 Michael (grs. Jacob) 79, 86 Eli.-abeth (Lindsey) Martin 79-82, 86 148 Ma:i.7 ( d. Jacob) 86 George 33 Ma:7: (d. Michael) 86 James> 15 Ma-garet 86 Jam;- P .36 NaR-y, 8y Jeff orson 36 Na ;y (',J)hnson) 86 Jeni. .ngs 36, 136 Sa.ae-h Ja.le (Lucas) 87 John 30-34, 36, 98, Su .,n 8 133% 135, 136, 138, Suianna 9 84, 86 151 illiam 86 John (uncle) 138, 140 CURL, ... (Carr) 149 John Lynn 36, 138 Alexander 149 Katy 36 Hiram 149 Luclnda 36 James 78, 147, 149 Mary 33 Nany (Hughes) 78, 147, 149 Mrso John 27, 35, 36 Remsmbrance 149 Nancy 36 Tho'mas 78, 149 Phoebe 36 CUSTIS, Wash1ia.ton 96 P ol0l.y 36 DAILEY, James 135 Rebecca 36 DAINE, Thomas 135 Salome (Jennings) 138 DAVIDSON, Josiah 107 Col. William 33, 35, Nathaniel 107 36, 53-55, 58-60, 86, DAVIS lamily 123, 150 107, 114, 134, 135, Alexander 103 139, 142, 151, 153, ' Amelia (Myers) 103 155, 1659 172, 174 Alice 97 CRAYNE, Mary (Bell) 110 Henry 103 Stephen 110 Jeff 171- CROGAN, George 153 Jesse 135 CROOKS, Brig, Gen. Richard 165 Thomas 165 CRORINE 62 William 168 CROSBY, Henry 97 DA1ISON, Hon. John L. 88, 92 CROUSE, Peter 66 DAY 174 Samuel 94, 95 WIilliam B. 168 CROW, Charlotte (d. Jacob) 86 DEAN, Henry 165 Charlotte (d. Michael) 86 DECKER, Thomas 13, 17, 69 Christina 83-86 DE LA WARR, Lord 175 Elizabeth (d. Jacob) 83, DENNY, Dr. 99 84, 86 Prudence (Minor) 27 Elizabeth (d. Michael) 86 DICKERSON, Joshua 145 Esther 86 Veach 1179 125 Frederick 79-82, 86, 135 DICKISON, 82 Jacob 78, 87 DILLINER, DILLINGER 62 Jacob (grs. Jacob) 79 Ambrose 25, 62, 63 Jacob (s. Jacob) 78-87 Augustine 61-63, 153 Jacob (s. Michael) 86 George 62, 63 John (s. Jacob) 79, 82, Jacob 11, 25, 61, 63 84, 86 Mrs. 62, 63 John (s. Michael) 86 S. R. 96 John M. (grs. Michael) 87 DILLON, Mrs. 69 Katharine 83, 84, 86 DINAH 97 Michael (s.Jacob) 79-81, DODDRIDGE, John 17 83-87 INDEX 5 DONEHO0, Dr. George 176 Evans, L. K.(signed numerous DONLEY heirs 16 articles throughout text) JO B. 133 Nancy (Gregg) 102 DORSEY, Cornelius 79 Nancy (Myers) 103 DOUGAL, Thomas 48 Robert J. 102 DOUGHERTY, G 1 W. 170 Samuel 27 DOWNEY, Benjamin F. 52 EWING, Rev. John 28 Mrs. Catherine 52 FARLEY Family 80 Catherine (Inghram) 52 FAULKNER, Cap. 76 Isaac 52 FERGUSON, Andrew 165 Jesse 52 FERREE, Lt. Col. 165 ,John 52 FICHIE, .r,.92 Robinson Sr, 52 FILES, Mr. 7 R. F. 159 FINDLEY, William 91 R. W. 158 FISH, Rev. R. M. 160 Sarah 52 FLENNIKEN, 140 DRAKE9 Francis 150 Aldy 107' Mr. 102 Aliph 759 147 DRUMM, J. W 162 ,165 Andrew 107 DUKATE, John 168 Dorcas 107 DUNHAM, Lewis 135 Elias 107 DUMIORE, Governor 19, 110, J. C. 39, 107, 133, 128, 165 -16, 167 DURBIN, Stephen 144 JOHN 26, 39, 75, 106, A. J. 168 107, 131 EASTWOOD, ... 97 Hannah 107 Abner 97 Isaac 107 Mrs. 97 James 31, 39, 54, 55, EBERHART 29 ' .74, 106, 107, 156 Adolphus 90, 93 John N. 107 Rev. Albert Gallatin 93 John Swan 147 ECKARLIN, $CKARLY, ECKERLIN Mary (Polly) 107 brothers 7, 9, 127 Rebecca 107 Dr. Thomas 7, 153 Robert P. 107 ELBEN, Stephen 143 Sallie (Swan) 75 ELDER, William 143 Saimuel 107 r- ELLIOT, Andrew 28 Sarah 147 George 168 FOLK, George 23 ELSON, Miss 147 FORDYCE, Abraham 143 ELY, JQNAS 141, 48, 156. Archibald 95 ENIX, Enoch 9, 11, 153 Benson 106 Cap, Enoch 12 Corbly 155 ENOCH, ... 142 Nancy .,(Leonard) 95 ENOCHS, Elisha 135 Samuel .135, 165 Enoch Jr. 165 FOSTER, Judge' 120 Enoch Sr. 135, 165 FRAIZY, Jacob 97 Henry Jr. 135 FRANKLIN, Benjamin 175 EVANS, David 165 FRANKS, ,.. 47 David C. 135 Michael 30 Evan 103 FREEMAN, Rev. ... 148 Enoch S. 10 Minerva (Lindsey) 148 George 74, 156 FRISTOE, Daniel 97 Janez 102 FRY, George 94 FULTON, Robert 175 INBEX 6

GABLER, .9;90 GRAY, Dr. DavS d 43, 148 GADDIS, Thomas ; 35 79 Fran k tL48 GALLATIN, Albert 1,39 64, 87, Hiram "86 89-99 95, 96, John r. 143 3- '~ 'f -Lindsey 148 rs. 09 L.T. 4 GANS, J. F 30 Mary :(r, ) 86 GAPEN, StveF:q 26. 62, 86, 131, Matthew 42, 43 Wm,:6 1,6Thomas 33 tZaha7w 15, 16, 24, 63, GREATHOUSE, 'diel 17, 20, 140, -:131, 153 154 GARARD, Famly 105 GREENE, Matthew 99 12 Corbly 101, 165, 167 Nathaiel 175 Elde:r Jhn 96 Dr. W. 12, 96 Elizabe h 155 Mrs. Dr. 103 John:096:.:: - GREGG, Aaron 147 Joathan ::99, 101, 166 Cassandra (Corbly) 102 Joseph 166 Corbly 102 Judge Eliza 102 Justus 101, 127, 153, Joseph (I) 102 155 Joseph (:II) 102 Mary 102 Nancy 102 Rachel (Corbly) 101, Sarah 102 127, 155 Susannah 147 Stephenson 29 GREGORY, Jonathan 168 GARRISON, Leonard 9, 12, 153 GREY, David 26, 131 Mary (sycks) 12 GRIM, Samuel 171 GASS, George 170 GUSTIN, ... 130 (2) Henry 168 GUTHRIE, Archibald 135, 165 William 106 John 135 GATES, ... 174 V111liam 135 GEORGE (Negro) 24, 25 HACKER, William 19, 20 GEORGE III 58, 165 HACKNEY, Clark 160 GIBSON, John Bannister 174 HAGER, John 102 J. S. 157 HAHN, Michael 97 GILLOGLY, ... 143, 144 HAILMAN, James 148 GIRTY, Simon 52, 136 Mary (Lindsey) 148 GIST, Christopher 6 HALL, Dick 104 105, 129 GLASSGOW, Jeremiah 15, 16, 153 HAME Family 124 GOOCH, Governor 5 HAMILTON, General 77, 91 GORDON, ... (Inghram) 53 Mary 151 Mrs. Bazel 53 HANCOCK, John 106, 169 Godfrey 46 HANNA, Mrs. Richard 102 John A. 36, 157, 167 Rev. William 159 Mark 145, 158 HARDEN, John 15, 18 Rebecca (Crawford) 36 HARMAN, Harmar, General SamAel 165 117, 118, 119 GULD, Doctor 168 HAPER, William 165 GRAHAM, William 173 HAR OLD, Nicholas 19 GRANDON, Barnard 135 HARRISON, ... 67 Edward 135, 165 William H. 23 GRAY, David 42, 43, 77, 143 HARROD, .... 112 D. W. 44 Elizabeth 109 INDEX 7 HAP-OI;, James 109-11 HILLER, Artemis 149 Levi 109, 131 Catherine (HUghes) 147, HRRSHA Family 79, '80 149 HA. J:'EY, ;illam i43 Elizabeth 149 HAlk-EY, Aunt Maria 160 George 149 William S. 143, 145 John 147 HASTINGS, Gov. Daniel 177 John Magee 149 HATHAWAY, John 75 Leroy 149 Samuel 50 Margaret 147:, 149 HAWKINS, Alexander 167 Mary 145 William G. 133 Mary (Luse) 149 HAYES, J-mes 110 Rhoda 148 Sarah (Bell) 110 Samuel 149 HAYS, Adam 143, 145 Thomas 149 James 135 William 149 Jasms W. 141 HOBBS, Solomon 135, 165 Root. 135'. HOGE, Elizabeth 94 W:.' 159:':. George 48 HEADLEY, Jonathan D. 168 George Jr4 55 HEATFIELD, Elizabeth 106 John 94 .' HEATON, Elizabeth (Lindsey) 148 Mrs. Robert 102 Hiram 148 Thomas, 94 :. Col. John 76, 77, 151 HOLDEN, John'- 135 HENDERSHOT, Jomln 168 HOLSW0ORTH, Miss 148 P eter 143 HOOK, ... 49: HENDERSON, Jol,-:l .123 Carolyn 160 HENNEN, Mrs. Ehoch 48 Enos 133 Matthew 128 James, 55, 131 Peter : 1.43 Jesse 38, 40, 49, 50, HENRY, Patric '88 55, 158 HEROD, Sa:'ah ;.45 John 165 HERRINGTOiY, .:. ex 1,:8 John T. 48, 158 , :ah (Hughes) 147, 148 Thomas 47, 94 HERRON, l'i!.am 135 . 1 HOSK.INSON, M-s. Judge 77 . HESS, Jame.s 30 ' HOULSWORTH, Caldwell 94 HEW.::TT George? 145. HOUSE, Nancy (Sharpnack) 149 HICKMAN, Elizabeth 147 HOIKARD, e.... 50' Per:. 168 Samuel 145 HILT Bowen ;.46 HOWiE, John' 74 Caton 148 HUBBS, Dr. 103 Elizabeth. 147 Sarah Jane (Titus) 103 Henry 143 HUFFMAN, Doc 55 Isaac 1,46 Henry 56 Jesse ,.48 . HUGHES, ..o. (Hill) 148 Joseph B. W. 146 Abi'jah 148 Mary 148 . ^a (Swan) 149 '..Mary S. (P1r"on) 145, Bs:2;ett 77' 146, 147 :46, 149 Cassc-1.^aa (Huf y) 146 Catherine 78, 147, 148 Rees 133 . Charles 77, 147 Reese 146-148 Clemantine (Crago) Mrs. Thomas 77 146, 147 Ei.zabeth 146-149 INDEX 8

HUGHES, Elizabeth (Hickman) 147 HUTCHINSON, Thomas 28 Elizabeth (Hill) 147 HYDE, Samuel 131 Elizabeth (Swan) 147 INGHRAM, Dr. A. 53 Felix 151, 153 Arthur 38, 48, 52, 53, Frances (Kline) 146, 148 147 Benjamin F. 52 George 147 Cassy 53 James 77,- 145-148 Catherine 52 John 77, 147, 149 Delilah 53 Joseph 74, 75, 149 Elizabeth 52, 53 Katherine 78, 147 Hannah 52 Lindsey 77, 146, 147 Isaac 52 Lottie 148 mirs. Isaac 53 Lydia 148 James 52 Maria (Clark) 146, 148 Jesse 52 Maria (d.John) 147 John 52 Maria (d,Thomas) 148 Josiah 38, 46, 47, 53 Margaret 147 Lorenzo 148 Margaret (Hiller) 147 Mollie 52 Margaret (McClain) 147 Nancy (d.William) 52 Margaret (Rex) 147 Nancy (d.Arthur) 53 Martha 77, 147 Peggy 53 Martha (Swan) 149 Sarah 52, 148 Mary 76, 77, 147, 148 Thomas 52, 53 Millie 148 Thomas Jr. 52 Mrs. 77 Uriah 38, 46, 53 Nancy 78, 147, 148 William 38, 52, 53, Permelia (McCoen) 147 131 Permelia (Young) 147 William Jr. 52 Remembrance 147, 148 IRONS, Thomas 141 Samuel 146, 148 ISAAC, Ann (Swan) 149 Sarah 779 147, 148 Mr. 149 Sarah (Swan) 147 ISART, Nicholas 168 Sarah (Walton) 146, 147 ISRAEL, Isaac 135 Thomas 16, 31 72-77, JACOB (Indian) 20, 62 139, 154 131, 140 145-148 JACKSON, ... 22, 40, 41 Thomas Jr. 75, 77, 145-148 Andrew 40 Thomas 3rd 77 Cap. 167 William 148 Henry 135 HUFTY, Cap. 167 L. 150 Cassandra 146 Samuel 46, 50, 77, 91, HUNTER, GEneral 169 153 William 135 William 135 HUNTINGTON, Abner 135 JACOBS, Frank 142 Countess of 175 William 142 Silas 135 JAMiES I & II 152 HUPP brothers 136 JEFFERSON, Thomas 88, 89, 92, Frank 136 140, 175 George 72 JENKINS, Rebecca 97 John 136 JENKINSON, Isaac 26, 131 Palsar 136 JENNINGS Family 38 Philip 136 Benjamin 107 HUSTON, Mrs. Judge 162 Dorcas (Flenniken) 107 INDEX 9 JENNINGS, Henry 147 KLINE, Frances 146, 147 Jeremiah 147 Jacob 26, 131, 151 John F. 55 KNIGHT, Mr.... 100 * Mary (Flenniken) 107 Rachel Priscilla (Corbly) Nathaniel 38, 107 100 Phoebe 147 KRAMER, Baltzer 90 Salome 138 Christian 90 JOHNS, Hiram M. 168 Frances (Minor) 27 JOHNSON, Isaac 147 Leroy K. 27 Jacob 135 Mrs. Po L. 25 Nancy 86 KUSSART, Calvin 61 Mrs. Robert H. 103 LAFAYETTE, General 93, 95, 96, William 37, 157 174, 175 JONES, Harman 143 LAFFERTY, Billy 38, 48 John 143 LAISH, Mercy (Minor) 27 11Welshman" 38, 40 LAMBERT, Moses 97 Willm,9 Wm. 135 (2) LANTZ, Maj. Henry 129 JUDAH, Henry 19 John 30, 104 KALER, Frederick 96 Lot 145, 166 KEENAN, Louise Long 151 Miss 148 KEENER, ... 30, 129 LAWLER, Lieutenant 119 Dave 29 LAiJRENCE, James 175 Sebastain 29, 129 LAYTON, General 165 KELLY, B. F. 171 Thomas 143, 145 Hannah 145 LAZEAR Family 150 KEMBALL, Asa 168 *Mr ... 159 John 168 Hon. Jesse 83, 123, 133, KENNEDY, David 34 157-159, 162, 165, John 106 166 KENT, Hiram 38, 52 .,Thomas 83, 123 James 38, 53 LEE, General 168, 170, 171 John i. 167, 168 Thomas 6 Olive (Smith) 52 William 131 Thomas 38, 47, 48, 52 LEGG, William 135 widow 49 LEIPER Family 141 KENTON, oo 112 LEONARD, A. 173 ; David 97, 112 Amos 94 N;ary 97 Benjamin 94; Simon 125, 126 Elizabeth (Hoge) 94 KERR, Alice (Crawford) 36 L·,'rances (Willis) 94 KESS, Abraham 135 Frances (Whitlatch) 95 KEYS, Hugh 170 C.eorge 94 John 170 Isaac 94 KIIPATRICK, General 170 John 94, 95 KINCAID, Maria (Hughes) 146, Joseph 94 148 Lea 94 lRobert 165 Lot 93-95 Samuel 39, 1239 155 Nancy 94, 95 Susanna 148 William 93-95 William 78, 148 William C. 95 William Jr. 146, 148 LEWIS, General 111 KING, George 165 John 5 KINGSBURY, Cap. 117-119 Robert 74, 156 LINCOLN, President 174 INDEX 10

LINDSEY, Alexander 77, 148 LONG, MIrs. Nancy 52 A, I. 77 LOUGiHANg, Rev. Joshua 156, l60, Ann (Collins) 147, 148 161 Ann (Inghram) 148 Lucinda (Crawford) 36 Barnet N. 148 Prof. 157 B. M, 77 LOWRY Estate 79 Catherine (Shroyer) 148 LUCAS, Elizabeth 145, 146 Elizabeth 148 Elizabeth (Hughes) 146,148 Emma 148 Elizabeth (Swan) 146 Frances 148 Isaac 146, 148 George 148 James 146 H. H, 779 148 John 146, 148 Hannah 148 Lydia (Hughes) 148 Hiram 148 Maria 146 James 77, 133, 147, 14E Martha 146 JAMES B. 148 Martha (Swan) 75, 147 J, B. 77 Sarah 146 John 77, 147, 148 Sarah Jane 87 Maria 148 Simeon 146 Martha Ann 148 Thomas 75, 146, 147 Mary 148 William 146 Mary (Hughes) 147 IUKENS, John 28 Mary Jane 148: IUSE, Eleazer 148 Mary (Luse) 148 Henry 149 Minerva 148 James 145 ...(Hilsworth) 148 Mary 148, 149 Rachel 148 Rachel (Swan) 145 Remembrance 148, 166 Samuel 48, 51 R. H. 77 IJUTES, Jacob 143 Sarah (Inghram) 148 John 143 Susannah (Kincaid) IJUZERNE, Chevalier de la 175 148 I'YNN heirs 15 William C. 148, 170 John 36, 135, 136, 138, William K. 148 Nancy 102 LINK Family 124 Polly (Crawford) 36 Jonathan 136 lacKAY, Aeneas 39 LINSEY, Joseph 139 14 IADISON, John 121 LINSICUM, ... 48 Rev, James 28 LINTON, Samuel 11 President 92 LITZENBERG, George 147 14AGEE, John 149 Rebecca (Swan) 147 I4AGRUDER, ... 170 LIVENGOOD, Mary (Provator) IIAHANNA, Bradley 104, 105, 158, 46, 57 166, 167 Nicholas 106 I4ALIER, ... 90 Peter 439 46, 577 MANNING, Elizabeth (Hughes) LOSCY, Moses 135 147, 149 LOGAN Family(Indian) 20-21 John 147 LOGAN (Indian) 20-21, 29-31, Nancy 149 38-39, 73, 76, 113, 140, Thomas 149 151, 154 IAPLE, Robert 11, 151 LONG, Dr. Albert 156 V MARKLE, ... 148 Mrs. Benj. 38 Martha Ann (Lindsey) 148 Eli 26, 131 1IARTIN, ... 100, 155, 156 John 98 Family 165 TNDEX 11

MAR-TIN,- hilah (Cnobly) McKNIGHT,· Charles 110, 113 100, 155 115, 126 MASON, John 58 Mr. 122 MASTERS,. Gideon. 1L3, 144 McIMAAN, MaJ. 115, 118 JoseDh 165 MoMILLAN, Rev. John 151 McBRIDE, Christina 'Crow) 84 McNEELY, Joseph 147 John 84 Maria (Hughes) 147 McCALL, Georg A. l68 MEAD, George G. 168 McCANN, John 135 MEEKS, Eli 168 oNo; CABSLIN, Maxlell 133, 166, MEETKIRK, William 26, 131 * .< . :.;" * 167 MERCER, Hugh 176 McCLAIN, David 146 MERTZ, Leonard 135 James 148 MESTREZAT, C. A. 168 John 75, 147 MIFFLIN, Gov. Thomas 131, 176 Margaret 147 MILLER, ... 21 Martha (Swan) 146 Dr. A. B. 156, 160, 164 Mary 147, 148 G. W, 156 4i' i.~ *. * Minerva 147 John 78 .,:'' ' Morrison 145 Kate (Poe) 21 ; Phoebe (Swan) 75, 147 Katherine (Hughes) 78 Sarah 146, 148 ' .' ' K. B. 163 Thomas 146 lMrs. "161 McCLEARY, Eliza 149 Robert- 1359 165 McCLELLAND, Family '".38, 169 Ruth (Crawford) 36 AleXander 160 J. 168 l. Ephraim 43 MILLICAN, Elizabeth (Hiller) 149 Robert '50, 51 Mrs. Margaret 149 WJilliam 38, 130 Margaret (Hiller) 149 McCLINTOCK, ... 49, 50 Thomas 149 McCLURE, Cap. Francis 39, 54 William 149 155 MILLIKEN, ... and ... 148 rcCOEN, Pen3lla 147 Joanna (Minor) 27 McCULLOCH, 136 Hon. John Minor 27 McCULLOUGH, ',.. ;112 R. A. 135 John F. 170 W. F:. 168 Joses 168 MILLS, .. 114 ' : Sarah- 146 MINGO,9 Thomas 97 McDOWELL, Margaret 35, 36 MINOR, Abiah 27 McFARLAND, Jame:s 157 Aihalia 97 McGOVERN, John 170 Barbara 27 MoGROW, Tho'mas :135 Eli 27 MoGLUIPHY, A. J. 148 Frances 27 Minerva (Lindsey) 148 -George 25 McGUIRE, Miss 18 Harriet (Myers) 103 Joanna 27 McINTOSH, Family 124 ; McINTYRE Family 124 JJohn 15, 16, 24, 25, 27, David' 121 45, 559 58, 63, 64 McKEAN, Gov. Thomas 175S 176 JohnP. 165 McKINNEY, Elizabeth. 33 Judge John 65, 87, 102, James 33 104, 105, 130-133, 142, John, " 33 148, 153, 164, 165 Joseph 33 . Jo Esq. 27, 148, 153 t .Roberb 33 Mart;ha (Neel) 148 *, · * 4:;(. INDEX 12

MINOR, Mary (Lindsey) 148 MORRIS, Josephus H. 127, 129 Mercy 27 Levi 129, 130, 155,165 Noah 15 Margaret 155 Otho W. 24, 27 Margaret (Corbly) 100, Priscilla 27 127, 155 Prudence 27 Marion 168 Robert 103, 106 Mrs. 77 Stephen 27 P ermelia 155 William 15, 16, 24, 25, Priscilla 155 27, 59, 63, 153 Rachel 155 MITCHELL, Shadrach 148 Richard 130 MONROE, Pres. James 176 Dr. Spencer 100, 130,166 MONTGOMERY, Hugh 151 Thomas 135, 140, 143,165 John 176 MORSE, J. B. 168 Richard 176 MOSBY, ... 171 MONTOUR, Andrew 176 MOZERY, John 74 Madam 176 MULHOLLIN, Polly 5 Roland 176 MUNDELL, James 58, 59 MOORE, John 34, 139 MURDOCK Family 107 MOREDOCK, Elizabeth 49 James 140, 157 George 47, 149 MUtPHY, John 168 James 31 MYERS, Albert 102 Miss 147 Alfred 102 Sarah 149 Alpheus 102 MORFORD, James 144 Amelia 103 William 143 Ayers L. 102 MORGAN, ... 112 Eliza 102 Col. 60 Elizabeth 102 David 17, 69-72 Harriet 103 Gen. 24, 70 Jacob 102 Levi 71, 129, 130 Rev. Jacob 102 Mrs. 69 Jane (Evans) 102 :Sarah 70 John C. 102 Stephen 70 Josephus 102 William 69 Mary (Corbly) 102 MORRIS Family 47, 105, 148 Mary (Garard) 102 Alex 168 Nancy 103 Amos 104, 105 Olive P. 102 Elijah 151 Peter A. 102 Elizabeth (Corbly) 100 Pleasant (Corbly) 102 George 100, 126-130, Robinson D. 102 153, 155, 165 Sarah 103 Hannah 155 NEAL, NEEL, Barnet (t) 77, Huston 130, 155 147, 148 Isaiah 100, 130, 155 Martha (Hughes) 77, 147, Maj. J. B. 155, 164 148 James '135 NEEL, Elizabeth 145, 149 Jasper 106 Eliza (McCleary) 149 John 77, 130, 155 Ellen 149 John T. 168 Henry 148 Jonathan 129, 100, James 149 130, 155, 165 John 149 Joseph 155 Martha 148 Josephi G. 135 -45,' Minerva 149 ' 168 INDEX 13

NEEL, Priscilla 149 POE9 o.. 112 Rhodla (H,.ller) 148 Adam 21-23 Sarah i49 Andreew 21-23 Sarah (Irtjedook) 149 George 21 Thomas 149 Kate 21 NICHOLS, Miss 148 POLLOCK, Oliver 135 NICHOLSON, Commodore 89 PORTER, David 52 James 96, 148 George 148 J. J. 96 Hannah (Smith) 52 NISWANGER, Jacob 143 James 38, 52 NUTT, Thomas 170 Millie (Hughes) 148 ORD, Gen. K, 0. G. 168 Mollie (Inghram) 52 ORNDOFF, Mr. 147, 148 Nancy (Inghram) 52 Oscar 150 POTTER, General James 176 Sarah (?) 147 PRiCE Family 145 OWEN, Cap. George 48, 49 Michael 73 OWENS,David 48, 135 PRINGLE, John 13-15 Mrs. D. 41 Sarnmel 139 14 OWISHTOGAH, "'Capt. Peter" 19 PRITCHETT, John 146 PAGE, John 28 Mary (Swan) 146 PARKER, Richard 135 PROVATOR, POVATOR Family 55 PARKINSON, Catharine (Shroyer) Gasper 56 148 Mary 56, 57 Edward Sr. 148 PROVINCE, John 15 Joe 77 Joseph P. 9 Jonathan 142, 143, Joseph Y. 11 145 Mrs. 21, 20 Ro L. 159 PURMAN, A. A. 133 William 143 PURSLEY, ... 55 PARSHALL, George 170 PYLE, Zachary 69 PATTERSON, Dorcas (Bell) 109 QUAY, (Matthew S.) 177 Eliza (Gregg) 102 RAGAN, Sgt. Zo C. 169 Frank 160 RANDOIPH Family 73, 145 James 143 J. A. ?.o159 Thomas 102, 109 Joseph 94 PAULEY, lI T. H. 110 Lea (Leonard) 94 PAULL, Cap. 15 RANKIN, .. 22 PEARSON, ... 174 RATCLIFF (Neguo) 63 PENN, Admiral 174 RAWLE, 1o 76 William 174 RAY, James 34 PENNOCK, Henry L. 160 REAMER, Jacob T. 168 PERRY, Oliver Hazard 1759 176 REED, John 107 PETER, Cap. (Indian) 62, 156 REESE, 1i lliam 39, 42, 54 PHELAN, John 158 W. PO 39 PHILLIP S, Edgar David 104 REITZ, Lewis 90 John 135 REYNOLDS, John T. 168 PIGMAN, Cap. 59 Robert 145 PIKE, Zebulon 176 REX, Margaret 147 PINDALL, Mrs. 67 RHOADES, James R. 53 Rachel 67 RICE, Harry E. 155 Thomas 669 67 RINEHAHT., Barnet 46, 173 PIPES, .. , 42 Frank 46 James Esq. 42 Frank (UoS.N.) 46 Nellie (Slater) 42 Hannah (Inghram) 52 INDEX 14

RINEHART, James R. 46, 160 RYERSON, Thomas 122, 131 Judge James 46 General 150 Jenny 44 S oo9., D..... 139 Jesse 173 S..... J..... 139 John 44 SAFFEL, Elizabeth (Swan) 146 John T. 44 Isaac 146 L. 173 SAL (Negro) 63 Samuel 38 SAYER, Thomas W. 37 Simon 38, 44-46 SAYERS, E. M. 45 Simon Jr. 46 H. C, 53 Thomas 38, 44, 469 52 William W, 158 RINGLAND, Col. 167 SCALY, Capt. 129 RITCHIE, Thomas 88 SCHROYER, Catharine 148 RITTENHOUSE, David 28 SCOTT, Colonel 62 ROBERTS, Roger 34 o. 16 ROBINSON, Lane 9,,11 Jacob 19 ROCKEY, Lewis 121 Thomas 79, 165 RODGERS, Dr. 146 William 143 John 158 SCULL, John 74 ROGERS, John 158, 168 SEALS, Capt. James 18, 26, 123, ROLLENS, Edward 97 1309 131, 134, 1359 142, Rebecca 97 165 ROSE, Eli 106 James 43 John 163 Joseph 43 ROSEBERRY, Elijah 145 Nancy 78 James 148 William 44 John 1479 148 SEATON, Elizabeth (STan) 75, 147 Lucinda 148 George 165 Mary (Hill) 148 James 759 146, 147 Mary (NcCLAIN) 148 Susanna 146 ilAthias 77, 1439 William 131 146-148 SEDGJCICK, Thomas 131 Sarah 148 SEELEY, Captain 165 Sarah (Hughes) 779 SELLERS, Families 55 146 Christopher 56 Sarah (McClain) 148 David 143, 144 Thomas 148 George 56 .. (Swan) 145 Jacob 51, 56, 57 ROSECARNS, (Gen. W. S.) 171 John 56, 57 ROSS, ...156 Leonard 56 57 Abraham 165 Mary (Provator) 46, 56, Frances (Lindsey) 148 57, 150 Isaac 143 SELSOR Family 9, 153 Jacob 148 Barbary 12 James 143 George 9, 11 Josiah 66 SHADDOCK, Levy 135 Mrs. Nancy 124 SHAPE, Frederick 168 RUMBLE, James 168 SHABPNACK, Catharine (Hughes) 148 RUNNER, Elijah 19 Dr. S. H. 77 RUSH heirs 94 Elizabeth (Moredock) 19 Stephen 168 Martha 149 William 148 Nancy 149 R'AL, James 157 Peter 148 RYAN, John 19 Samuel 148, 149 IINDEX 15

SHARPNACK, Sarah (Neel) 149 SNAKE, (Indian) 31, 140, 151 Jilliam 149 SNYDER, Simon. 176 SHAW, Dr. A. 158 SOUTH, Benjari.n 9 SH1ELBY, Eliza (Myers) 102 Disslway 25 Reuben 102- Elijah 25 SHEPHERD, Family 107 John 11 Col. David 17, 112 Mrs. Joseph 102 Rebecca 34, 138, 139 SPENCER Family 128 William 349 '35, 138 SPICERs ... .29, 140 SHERIDAN, (Gen. Philip H.) 171 family 75, 140, 151,165 SHIBLER, C. A. 168 Elizabeth (Betsy) 29-31, SHIELD, General 171 140 SHRIVER, Henry 167 William 29, 39, 75, 140 Mrs. Jacob (nee Inghram) 154 53 ... (renegade) 83 John 66, 145 SCRINGER, J T. 30 SHULTZ, Mr. 149 Major 59 Priscilla (Neel) 149 STALL, ... 123 SIMPSON, John 14 STANSBERRY, Amos 173 SLATER, Eleanor 132 STATTLER, Jacob 68 Isaac 42 STEEL, Mrs. Nancy -31 Mary (Workman) 42 Thomas 80 Nellie 41, 42 STEEN, Andrew 135 Rebecca (Crawford) 36 Elijah 135 Sarah (Sallie) 419 42 STEPHENS, Apollo 106 Thomas 37, 38, 41, 42, Azariah 106 45, 104, 132, 134, 136, Mrs. Azariah 31 153 Barzilla 106 Thos. W. 37 Edward 106 SLOAN, John 140 Elizabeth (Heatfield) SMALLEY, James 66 106 SMILEY, Mr. 91 James 106 SMITH, Bazel 52 John 106 Benjamin 94 Rebecca 102 C. C. 142 Staoy 105, .106 Coppy 52 Widow 76 Deveraux 29, 39 STEPHENSON, James 106 Hannah 52, 145 Louisa 146 Hiram 52 STERLING, Dick (Negro) 63 Hugh 38, 46, 52 Lord 63 James 52 STILES: Isaac 168 John 52 ST' CL.1R, Ceneral 174 Mary 52 ST.OKELY Family 141 Mary (Williams) 51 STONE, Elias 87 Martha 52 Elizabeth 87 Nathaniel 52: Tho's 135 Olive 52 STONEMANI, ... 171 Ralph 46, 47- SNTOUT, (.. 148 Sarah 52 A. A, 166 Still 94 Lottie (Hughes) 148 Thomas 38, 46-52 STRVJAN, ... 145 Thomas (s. Th6mas) 52 Abraham 145 Vincent 52 Benjamin 145 William 52 Jacob 145 INDEX 16 STRAWN, John 145 SWAN, ... (Crago) 145 Widow 72 ...(Moredock) 147 STROMAN, Cyrus 165 Phoebe (d.Charles) 75 STUART, James 66 Phoebe (d.Col. John)147 SULLIVAN, John 176 Phoebe (Jennings) 147 SUMNER, ...169 Rachel (d.Richard)146,147 SUNSTON, Daniel 168 Rachel (d.William) 145 SUTTON, Isaac 97, 98 Rebecca 146, 147 James 97, 98 Richard (s.Charles) 75 John 97 Richard (So Col, John)l47 SWALLOW, Elizabeth Richard (s.John) 75, (Lindsey) 148 145-147 John 148 Richard (s.Richard) 146 Martha (Vanmeter) 148 Sallie (d.Charles) 75 SWAN, ...(Anderson) 147 Samuel (s, Richard)1459146 Ann (d. John) 145, 149 Samuel (s. Samuel) 146 Ann (d. Richard) 146 Samuel (s, Thomas) 145 ...(Bartley) 147 (2) Samuel (s.William) 145 Cassandra (Hufty) 146 Sarah (d/Col. John) 147 Charles 73-75, 77, 130, Sarah (Herod) 145 131, 145, 147, 153, 156 Sarah (d.Richard) 146 Charles (s.Charles) 75 Sarah (McCullough) 146 Charles (s.Col. John) Sarah (Vanmeter) 73, 75, 147 147 Elizabeth (Bowen) 147 Sarah (d. iilliam) 145 Elizabeth (d.Charles.) 75 Simeon 146, 148 Elizabeth (Hughes)146,148 Solon 75 Elizabeth (d.John) 75, Susannah (Grego 147 147, 148 Susannah (Seaton) 146 Elizabeth (Lucas) 146 Susanna (Vaun) 146 Elizabeth (Neel) 1459149 Thomas (s.Charles) 75 Elizabeth (d.Richard) Thomas (s.John) 75, 145 146 Thomas (s.Richard) 147 Ellis 149 Thomas (s.William) 145 Hannah (Kelly) 145 William (s,John) 145 Henry (s. John) 147 William (s.William) 145 Henry (s, Richard) 145 SJEARINGEN, Andrew 17 Hugh 146 SYCKS, Barbary (Selsor) 12 Jesse 147 oo. (Bonnett) 9 John 16, 72-75, 78, Christina 9, 10, 12 145-147, 149, 153 Conrad 9, 12, 112, 153 John (s. John) 74, 145, Daniel 9, 12 147 Henry 9-12, 105, 112, 129, John (s. Richard) 146 130 Martha (d.John) 147, 149 Mary 12 Martha (d.Charles) 75 Philip 121 Martha (d,Col, John)147 SYMIES, Judge 119 Martha (d.Richard) 146 TAMAQUE (Indian) 174 Martha (Vanmeter) 145 TAYLOR, Barnet 165 Mary (d.Charles) 75 Jesse 169, 170 Mary (Hiller) 145, 146 TEAGARDEN, Abraham 15, 179 18, 'Mary (d, Richard) 146 130, 135, 165 Mary (d. William) 145 oo,(Craig) 17 Millie 145 David 17, 84, 153 ,. '· · INDEX 17

TEAGARDEN, Isaac 17, 18, 43, 123 VANIETER, Jacob 16, 35, 55, 73, Jacob 84 78, 97, 145 Mary Jane (Lindsey) Jesse 78, 86 148 John 78, 97, 145 Samuel 143, 144 Letty 97 Thomas 148 Martha 73, 145, 148 ...(Treble) 17 Nancy (Seals) 78 William 17, 18, 1359 Phoebe 78 153 Rebecca 97 William Jr. 135, 165 Rezin 78 TEMPLE, Justus P. 133 R. So 75 THOMAS, ... 171 Sarah 73, 75, 147 Elizabeth (Vanmeter) 78 VanPELT, Alexander 135 Ellis 78 VanSICKLE, Rachel (Swan) 147 Fordyce 55 Samuel 147 Mary (Alfree) 146 VAUN, Mr. 146 Millie (Swan) 145 Susannah (Seaton) 146 Peter Sharpnack 146 VIRGIN, John 147 Phoebe (Vanmeter) 78 Margaret (Hughes) 147 William 78, 145 VOSHEL, ...lnd son 25 THROCKMORTON, James 94 WAGAMAN, J. C. 157 TITUS, Albert 103 WAKEFIELD,... 156 Benjamin 103 WALL, ...140 Eli 9, 103 WALTON, D. S. 146, 147 Eli Jr. 103 Edward 146, 147 Imri 103 Sarah 146, 147 Levi 11 WALTZER, Frederick 7 Myers 103 WARREN, Joseph 177 Orpha 102 WARTON family 81 Sarah Jane 103 WASHINGTON, Gen (George) 6, 60, Sarah (Myers) 103 152, 174, 176, 177 TRAMMEL, David 135 WAY, ...31 TREBLE, Miss 17 WAYCHOFF, Daniel 97 TRENT, Captain 6 WAYNE, Anthony 18, 44, 130, 131, TYGART, David 7 138, 174, 177 TYLER, Elizabeth 98 WEAVER, Isaac Jr. 74, 133 ULLOM, Dr. J. T, 159 WEBB, W, T. E. 158 UNDERWOOD, Benj. 97 WEETHEE, Rev. J, P. 161 Mrs. 97 WELLS, John H. 166 UTT, John 143, 144 WEST, John 135 VANAMMON, Preacher 147 WETZEL, Christina, 112 garah (Swan) 147 George 112 VANATTA, John 148 Jack 136 Lucinda (Roseberry) Jacob 79, 81 112, 113, 148, 149 125, 126, 136 VANCLEVE, John H nter 94 John 17, 112, 113, 124, VANMETER, ... 151. 125 Abraham 78, 97, 145 Lewis 9, 12, 17, 79, 81, Benjamin 78, 97, 145 112-122, 136 Craven 78 Martin 112, 124, 136 Elizabeth 78 Susan 112 Henry 73, 74, 78, 131, WHETZLER, Samuel 168 133, 145, 147, 153 WHIPPLE, Dr. 156 Henry (s. Henry) 145 WHITAKER, ...22 INDEX 18

WHITE Family 153 WORKMAN, Hugh 53 Bazel 52 James 53 David 47, 48, 134 Mary 42 Elder David 42 WORLEY, Brice 69, 153 Israel 41, 45 Mrs. David A. James 47, 1359 165 (nee Inghram) 53 Samuel 143 John I. 69 Sarah (Slater) 41 Nathan 69 Uriah 38 Norman 69 William 20 WRIGHT, *.. 67 WHITE EYES (Indian) 33 Amelia (Corbly) 102 WHITEHILL farm 151 Amos 102 Robert Jr. 74, 156, John Corbly 99 102 173 John F. 102, 165 WHITLINE, Lewis 128 Sarah (Corbly) 102 WHITLATCH, Frances 94 Reazon 143 George 168 YEAGER, Hon.' George 93, 95 iJilliam 95 YEAMAN, Priscilla (Minor) 27 WILEY, Elijah 135 YOUNG, Harvey 170 WILKINSON, John 91 Jackson 149, 151 Judge 91 Katy (Crawford) 36 WILLIAMS, ...49 Minerva (Neel) 149 Hugh 135 Permelia 147 James 50, 51 Widow 143, 144 Jonathan 135 ZANE brothers 78, 79 Mary 51 Ebenezer 17, 112 Otho 24 Jonathan 17 WILLIAMSON, Daniel 9 Silas 17 Eleazer 135 ZIMMERMAN, Joseph 168 WILLIS, Frances 94 ZOLLARS, Esther (Crow) 86 WILLS, Mary (San) 145 Jacob 86 Richard 145 WILSON, Mrs. Eavns 27 Col. George 27, 30 WISE, Isaac 168 WISEMAN, Isaac 119 WISHART, ...149 Martha (Sharpnack) 149 WITHERS, $Alexander Scott) 38, 61, 1139 114 WOL?, David 25 WOOD, Edward 55 Joseph 96 Micajah 143 Sarah (Gregg) 102 William 102 WOODRUFF, Benjamin B. 165 Hannah (Bell) 109 Mary (Bell) 109 Meeker 109 Samuel 109 WOODS, Rev. Leroy 160 WOOLLAM, Shem 135