History of Fayette County, Penxsplvasia

to HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENXSPLVASIA.

storage of ammunition and supplies, guarded by sol- ut. To this eminence the early settlers mere wont diers.' Its proper name after 1759 (though seldom n times of danger to resort daily to reconnoitre the given to it) was ' Fort Burd.' And there is evidence ountry, sometimes climbing trees to see whether any that besides its governmental purposes it mas often ndians had crossed the borders, of mhich they judged resorted to by the early settlers with their families by the smoke of their camps. This hill commanded for protection, though for that object it was less . riew from the mountains to the Illonongahela, and adapted than many of the private forts." rom Cheat hills far to the northward. On the occa- One of the earliest erected forts of this kind mas by ion referred to, the scouts reported that Indians had John Minter, the Stevensons, Crawfords, and others, rossed the Xonongahela, judging from some smoke on land of the former,-since Blackiston's, now '~vhichso gracefully curled." The alarm was given, Ebenezer Moore's,-about a mile and a half mest- ~ndthe settlers flocked to Ashcraft's fort, with wives ward of Pennsville. lnd children, guns and provisions, and prepared to There was one on the old Thomas Gaddis farm, neet the foe, when, lo! much to the vexation of two miles south of Uniontown, but what was its name ome and the joy of others, the alarm soon proved to cannot certainly be learned, or by whom or when )e "all smoke." erected, probably, however, by Colonel Gaddis, as he Besides the settlers' forts mentioned as above by mas an early settler and a man of large public spirit. Teech, there was one where Perryopolis now stands, Another, called Pearse's fort, was on the Catamba' milt by Gilbert Simpson (as previously noticed in a Indian trail, about four miles northeast of Union- etter of Valentine Cran-ford to Washington), also town, near the residencesof William and John Jones. L strong block-house at Beeson's Nil1 (now Union- Some old Lombardy poplars, recently fallen, denoted own), and perhaps a few others within the limits of its site. ?ayette County. About one mile northwest of Xerrittstomn there mas one on land now of John Craft. Its name is forgotten. Swearingen's fort was in Spring Hill township, near the cross-roads from Cheat River towards Bro~ms- CHAPTER X. ville. It derived its name from John Swearingen, who omned the land on n-hicli it stood, or from his THE RE\-OLUTION. son, Van Swearingen, afterwards sheriff of Washing- ton County, a captain in the Revolution and in the hope Raised for the Field-Subsequeut Disaffection-Lochq's Espe- dition. frontier %*ars,and whose nephew of the same name fell at St. Clair's defeat. WHEN,in the early part of May, 1775, the nem of One of considerable capacity, called Lucas' fort, :he battle of Lexingtou sped across the Alleghenies,. was on the old Richard Brown farm, near the frame innouncing the opening of the Revolutionary strug- meetinghouse, in Nicholson township. ;le, the response which it brought forth from the McCoy's fort, on land of James McCoy, stood where people west of'the mountains was prompt and uumis now stands the barn of the late Eli Bailey, in South :akablg patriotic. In this region the feud was then Union township. it its height between Virginia and Pennsylvania, both Morris' fort, which ws one of the first grade, was zlaiming and both attempting to exercise jurisdiction much resorted to by the old settlers on the upper 3ver the country between Laurel Hill and the Ohio; Monongahela and Cheat, and from Ten-Mile. It but the partisans of both provinces unhesitatingly stood on Sandy Creek, just by, and near the Virginia laid aside their animosities, or held them in abeyance, line, outside Fayette County limits. It was to this and both, on the same day, held large and patriotic fort that the family of the father of the late Dr. Jo- meetings, pledging themselves to aid to the extent of seph Doddridge resorted in 1774, as mentioned in his their ability the cause of the colonies against the en- notes. The late Col. Andrew Noore, who resided croachments of Britain. Prominent in the proceedings long near its site, said that he had frequently seen the of both meetings were men from that part of West- ruins of the fort and its cabins, which may yet be moreland County mhich is now Fayette. The meet- traced. ing called and held under Virginia auspices was Ashcraft's fort stood on land of the late Jesse reported as follows: Evans, Esq., where Phineas Sturgis lived, in George5 "At a meeting of the inhabitants of that part of township. Tradition tells of a great alarm and resort Augusta County that lies on the west side of the to this fort on one occasion, caused thus: 0u land Laurel Hill, at Pittsburgh, the 16th day of Nay, lately omned by Robert Britt, in that vicinity, there is 1775, the following gentlemen mere chosen a com- a yery high hob, called Prospect Hill, or Point Look- mittee for the said district, viz. : George Croghan,

1 In this statement Veech is mistaken, having evidently cot~foundec John Campbell, Edward Ward, Thomas Smallman, the Redstone Old Fort with Fort Burd, which was built ursr its site, Lui John Canon, John &lcCullough,William Goe, George was a11 entirely different structure. Vallandigham, John Gibson, Dorsey Pentecost, Ed-

THE REVOLUTION. - ward Cook, William Crawford, Devereus Smith, present exigencies have made so exceedingly neces- John Anderson, David Rodgers, Jacob Van Meter, sary. Henry Enoch, James Ennis, George Wilson, William " As this committee has reason to believe there is a Vauce, David Shepherd, William Elliott, Richmond quantity of ammunition destined for this place for Willis, Samuel Sample, John Ormsby, Richard Mc- the purpose of government, and as this country on Maher, John Nevill, and John Swearingen." the west side of Laurel Hill is greatly distressed for A standing committee was appointed, to hare " full want of ammunition, and deprived of the means of yover to meet at such times as they shall judge neces- procuring it, by reason of its situation, as easy as the sary, and in case of any emergency to call the com- lower counties of this colony, they do earnestly re- mittee of this district together, and shall be vested quest the committees of Frederick, Augusta, and vith the same power and authority as the other Hampshire that they mill not suffer the ammunition standing committee and committees of correspond- to through their counties for the purposes of ence are in the other counties within this colony." gorernment, but will secure it for the use of this des- It was by the meeting "Resolved, unanimously, titute country, and immediately inform this com- That this committee have the highest sense of the mittee of their having done so. Ordered, that the spirited behavior of their brethren in ?Sew England, standing committee be directed to secure such arms and do most cordially approve of their opposing the and ammunition as are not employed in actual ser- invaders of American rights and privileges to the ;;ice or private property, and that they get the same utmost extreme, and that each member of this com- repaired, and deliver them to such captains of inde- mittee respectively will animate and encourage their pendent companies as may make application for the neighborhood to follow the brave example. . . . same, and taking such captains' receipt for the arms "Resol~ed,That the recommendation of the Rich- so delivered. mond Convention of the 20th of last March, relative "Resolved, That this committee do approve of the to the embodying, arming, and disciplining of the resolution of the committee of the other part of this militia, be immediately carried into execution with county relative to the cultivating a friendship with the greatest diligence in tl~iscountry by the officers the Indians, and if any person shall be so depraved appointed for that end, and that the recommendation as to take the life of any Indian that may come to us of the said convention to the several committees of in a friendly manner, we mill, as one man, use our this colony to collect from their constituents, in such utmost endeavors to bring such offenders to condign manner as shall be most agreeable to them, so much punishment. money as shall be sufficient to purchase half a pound " Resolved, That the sum of fifteen pounds, current of gunpowder and one pound of lead, flints, and money, be raised by subscription, and that the same cartridge, paper for every tithable person in their be transmitted to Robert Carter Nicholas, Esq., for .county be likewise carried into execution. the use of the deputies sent from this colony to the "This committee, therefore, out of the deepest General Congress; which sum of money was imme- sense of the expediency of this measure, most earn- diately paid by the committee then present." The estly entreat that every member of this committee do delegates referred to in this resolutiom were John collect from each tithable person in their several dis- ~ariieand George Bootes, who mere addressed, in tricts the sum of two shillings and sixpence, which instructions from the committee, as " being chosen to we deem no more than sufficient for the above pur- represent the people on the west side of the Laurel pose, and give proper receipts to all such as pay the Hill in the Colonial Congress for the ensuing year," same into their hands. . . . And this committee, as the committee then instructing them to lay certain your representatives, and who are most ardently la- specified grievances of the people of this section be- boring for your preservation, call on you, our con- fore the Congress at their first meeting, " as we constituents, our friends, brethren, and fellow-suferers, ceive it highly necessary they should be redressed to in the name of God, of all you hold sacred or valua- put us on a footing with the rest of our brethren in ble, for the sake of your wives, children, and unborn the colony." generations, that you mill every one of yon, in your The meeting held at the same time at the county- several stations, to the utmost of your power, assist seat of Westmoreland County, under the call of the in levying such sum, by not only paying yourselves, Pennsylvanians, was reported as below : but by assisting those who are not at present in a "At a general meeting of the inhabitants of the condition to do so. We heartily lament the case of county of Westmoreland, held at.Hanna's Town on all such as have not this sum at command in this day the 16th day of May, 1775, for taking into considera- of necessity; to all such we recommend to tender se- tion the very alarming situation of the country oc- curity to such as Providence has enabled to lend them casioned by the dispute with Great Britain,- so much ; and this committee do pledge their faith and " Resolzed, unanimousEy, That the .Parliament of fortunes to you, their constituents, that we shall, with- Great Britain, by several late acts, have declared out fee or reward, use our best endeavors to procure, the inhabitants of the Massachusetts Bay to be in with the money so collected, the ammunition our rebellion, and the ministry, by endeavoring to en-

74 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUXTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

force those acts, have attempted to reduce the said go on in the same IT-ay as before the era of the Stamp inhabitants to a more wretched state of slavery than Act, when Boston grew great and America was happy. ever before existed in any state or country. Not As a proof of this disposition, we will quietly submit content mith violating their constitutional and char- to the laws by which we have been accustomed to be tered privileges, they mould strip them of the rights zoverned before that period, and mill, in our several of humanity, esposing lives to the wanton and un- 3r associate capacities, be ready, when called on, to punishable sport of a licentious soldiery, and de- assist the civil magistrates in carrying the same into priving then1 of the very means of subsistence. sxecution. " Resolced, unanimously, Thnt there is no reason to "Fifth. That when the British Parliament shall doubt but the same system of tyranny and oppression hare repealed their late obnoxious statutes, and shall mill (should it meet with success in Massachusetts recede from their claim to tax us and make 1:~~sfor Bay) be extended to other parts of America; it is us in every instance, or some general plan of union therefore become the indispensable duty of every and reconciliation has been formed ancl accepted by American, of every man who has any public virtue America, this, our association, shall be dissolved, but or lore for his country, or any bowels for posterity, till then it shall remain in full force; and to the ob- by every means which God has put in his pon:er, to servation of it me bind ourselves by everything dear resist and oppose the execution of it; that for us we ancl sacred amongst men. No licensed murder! KO will be ready to oppose it with our lives an4 fortunes. famine introduced by law !" Snd the better to enable us to accomplish it, me will The first men who went forward from this region immediately form ourselves into a military body, to to service in the Revolutionary army were about consist of companies, to be made up out of the sev- twenty frontiersmen, who marched from tlie Mononi eral townships, under the following association, which gahela country and crossed the Alleghenies to join is declared to be the Association of Westmoreland the Maryland company commanded by Capt. Nichael County : Cresap, of Redstone Old Fort (afterwards Brorns- "Possessed with the most unshaken loyalty and ville), He had been in Kentucky in the spring of fidelity to His Majesty King George the Third, whom. 1775, but being taken ill there had set out by may of me acknowledge to be our lawful and rightful king, the Ohio and across the mountains for his home in and who we wish may long be the beloved sovereign Maryland, where he hoped to -recover his health. of a free and happy people throughout the whole "On his may across the Allegheny Mountains1 he British Empire, we declare to the world that we do n-as met by a faithful friend with a message stating not mean by this association to deviate from that loy- that he had been appointed by the Committee of alty which we hold it our bounden duty to observe; Safety at Frederick a captain to command one of the but, animated with the lore of liberty, it is no less two rifle companies required from Maryland by a . our duty to maintain and defend our just rights resolution of.Congress. Experienced officers and the (which with sorrow we have seen of late wantonly very best men that could be procured were demanded. violated in many instaxes by a wicked ministry and "When I communicated my business,' says the mes- a corrupted Parliament), and transmit them entire to senger in his artless narrative, 'and announced his our posterity, for which we do agree and associate appointment, instead of becoming elated he became together. pensive and solemn, as if his.spirits were really de- "First. To arm and form ourselves into a regi- pressed, or as if he had a that this was ment, or regiments, and choose officers to command his death-warrant. He said he mas in bad health, us, in such proportions as shall be thought necessary. and his affairs in a deranged state, but that neverthe- - "Second. We mill with alacrity endeavor to make less, as the committee had selected him, and as he ourselves masters of the manual, exercise, and such understood from me his father had pledged himself erolutions as may be necessary to enable us to act in that he shonld accept of this appointment, he mould a body with concert, and to that end we mill meet at go, let the consequences be what they might. He such times and places as shall be appointed, either then directed me to proceed to the west side of the Eor the companies or the regiment, by the officers mountains and publish to his old conlpanions in arms commanding each when chosen. this his intention; this I did, and in a very short "Third. That should our country be invaded by a time collected and brought to him at his residence in foreign enemp, or should troops be sent from Great Old Town [Maryland] about twenty-two as fine fel- Britain to enforce the late arbitrary acts of its Par- lows as ever handled rifle, and most, if not all of liament, we will cheerfully submit to military disci- them, completely equipped.' " pline, and to the utmost of our power resist and It was in June that these men mere raised and oppose them, or either of them, and will coincide moved across the mountains to Frederick, Md., to mith any plan that may be formed for the defense of join Cresap's company. A letter written from that America in general, or Pennsylvania in particular. place on the 1st of the following August to a gentle- "Fourth. That we do not wish or desire any innp- vation, but only that things may be restored to and 1 Extract from "Lob%n and Cresap," by Col. Bnntz DIqer.

man in Philadelphia said, " Notwithstanding the SOthe two Virginia regiments raised in the valleys of urgency of my business, I have been detained three he Youghiogheny and Xonongahela, viz. : days in this place by an'occurrence truly agreeable. "Many reasons have we to expect a war [with the I have had the happiness of seeing Capt. Michael Indians] this spring. The chief of the lower settle- Cresap marching at the head of a formidable com- nents upon the Ohio has moved off; and should both pany of upwards of one hundred and thirty men ;he regidents be moved away, it will greatly distress from the mountains and backwoods, painted like In- ;he people, as. the last raised by myself-[the West dians, armed with tomahawks and rifles, dressed in hugusta Regiment] was expected to be a guard for hunting-shirts and moccasins, and though some of ;hem if there mas an' Indian war. By the Governor them had traveled near eight hndred [?J miles from ~f Virginia I was appointed to command that regi- the banks of the Ohio, they seemed to walk light and nent at the request of the people. easy, and not with less spirit than on the first hour " The conditions mere that tl'e soldiers were enlisted of their march." . . . They marched in August, and luring the war, and if an Indian war should come on joined Washington's army near' Boston, where and ;his spring they mere to be continued there, as their in later campaigns they did good service. Their nterest ~vnson the spot; but if there should be no captain's health growing worse he resigned and [ndian war in that quarter, then they were to go started for Maryland, but died on his way in New ivherever called. On these conditions many cheer- York in the following October. The names of the fully enlisted. The regiment, I believe, by this time men who were recruited west of the mountains for is nearly made up, as five hundred and odd were made Cresap's company cannot be given, but there can he up before I came away, and the officers were recruit- little doubt that most of them were from the vicinity ing very fast ; but should they be ordered away before of the place where their captain had located his fron- they get blankets and other necessaries, I do not see tier home,-Redstone O!d Fort, on the Monongahela. how they are to be moved; besides, the inhabitants will be in great fear under the present circumstances. The first considerable body of men recruited in Many men have already been t&en from that region, the Monongahela country for the Revolutionary army so that if that regiment should march away, it will was a battalion, afterwards designated as the Seventh leave few or none to defend the country. There are Virginia. It was raised in the fall of 1775, chiefly no arms, as the chief part of fhe first men were amzed through the efforts of William Crawford, whose head- there, which Iias left the place wry bare; but let me quarters for the recruiting of it were at his home at be ordered anywhere, and I will go if possible. . . .,' Stewart's Crossings on the Yonghiogheny, then in the By the above letter is shown the rather remarkable county of Westmorelaud, or rather, as the Virginia fact that by the early part of 1777 the Youghiogheny partisans claimed, in the western district of Augusta and Monongahela region of country had furnished County, Va. After raising this regiment, Crawford two regiments' to the quota of Virginia (besides did not immediately secure a colone!cy, but mas com- eight fill companies to.the ~enns~lvaniaLine, as will missioned lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Virginia in be noticed below), and that the men of the first regi- January, 1776, and in the latter part of the same year ment ~aisedhere had been almost conlpletely armed became colonel of the Se~enth. The regiment which before marching to join thearmy. Cramford's last regi- he raised mas made up principally of men from the ment, the Thirteenth Virginia, performed its service region now embraced in the counties of Westmore- in the West, being stationed in detachments at Fort land and Fayette, but no rolls or lists of their names Pitt, Fort McIntosh, and other points on the Ohio can be given. The regiment tool; the field early in and Allegheny Rivers. No list of its officers and 1776, fought well in the battle of Long Island, men has been found. marched with Washington's dispirited army in its retreat through New Jersey in the latter part of the Under Pennsylvania authority a cor$&p.. yas same year, and performed good service at Trenton raised in Westmoreland County in 5X6,gnder com- and other engagements, but in the latter years of the mand of Capt. Joseph Erwin. It marched to Mar- war served in the Western Department, nnd for a long cus Hook, where it was incorporated with Col. Sam- time formed part of the garrison of Fort Pitt. uel Miles' " Pennsylvania Rifle Regiment." It \ras The " West Augusta Regimentw-designated as the subsequently included in the Thirteenth Pennsylra- Thirteenth Virginia-was afterwards raised, princi- nia, then in the Second Pennsylvania Regiment, and piilly by Col. Cramford's efforts, in the same region mas finally discharged from service at Valley Forge of country in which his first regiment had been re- Jan.. 1, 1778, by reason of expiration of its term of cruited. Of this last regiment he was made colonel. enlistment. During its period of service the com- An extract from a letter written by him to Gen. rvashington,' dated " Fredericktown, Naryland, Feb- 2 In Frbriiary, 1777, Congress a~propriatedthe sem of.t"10,000, "to be ruary 12,1T77," is given below, because of its reference paid to Col. William Cr;~wfurclfur mising a!~dequipping his regiment, xhi& is a part of the Virginin new levies." It is uot certain as to wlrieh of the regimeuts nkised by Crnaford this hdreference, but it appears to 1 V7ashi3gton-Cmwford Letten, p. G2. harebeen the last one, tho "West Augusta Regiment." . . . .

74 HISTORY OF FATETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

pany fought at Long Island, White Plains, Trenton, Fitzgerald, Henry. Princeton, Quibbletown (N. J.), Brandywine, and Forsyth, James. Germantom. oliow wing is a roll of the company: Gunnon, Jeremiah, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, Captain. 1776. Guthry, John, missing since the battle, Aug. 27,1776. Erwin, Joseph, Westmoreland County, appointed Guthry, William, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, March 9, 1776 ; comnlission dated April 6, 1776 ; 1776. promoted captain in Ninth Pennsylvania. Geyer, Peter, enlisted at Hannastomn ; discharged at Pirst Lieutenant. Valley Forge Jan. 1, 1778 ; wounded by a bayo- Carnaghan, James, from second lieutenant ; missing net in the groin and by a ball in the leg at Ger- since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776; after release he mantown. His wife, Mary, went with his com- repaired to headquarters, in December, 1776, and pany as washer-woman, with her son John, above served as a volunteer at Trenton and Princeton; mentioned, and accompanied the regiment in all promoted first lieutenant in Eighth Pennsylva- its marches; she mas eighty-six years of age in nia on Jan. 15, 1777. 1821, then residing in Cumberland County; she had three other children:-Jacob, Mary, and Second Lieutenants. Catharine. Carnaghan, James, appointed March 16,1776; pro- Henderson, Edward. moted first lieutenant Oct. 24, 1776. Hennan, David. Sloan, David, from third lieutenant, Aug: 9, 1776; Hennan, John. killed in battle at Long Island, Aug. 27, 1776 ; Henry, John, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776. left a widow Mary and daughter Ann, aged eleven, Heslet, Robert. in 1789 residing in Westmoreland County. Holiday, William. Third Lieutenants. Johnson, Robert. Kelly, Philip, missing since the battle, Aug. 27,1776, Sloan, David, appointed March 19, 1776; promoted second lieutenant, to date from Aug. 9,1776. Leech, Archibald, discharged Jan. 1,1778 ; resided in Armstrong County in 1811. Brownlee, Joseph, commission dated April 15,1776 ; Leech, James. promoted second lieutenant Oct. 24, 1776 ; missing since the battle of Long Island, Aug. 27,1776. Leonard, James, discharged Jan. 1, 1778 ; resided in Warren County, Ohio, in 1831, aged eighty-seven. Sergeants. McClelland, David. Lindsay, William. McCollister, James. Roddy, Samuel. RIcCord, William. Dugan, James. RlcKenzie, Andy, "a volunteer," missing since the Justice, John. battle, Aug. 27, 1776. Drum and Fge. Miller, Peter, resided iu Bedford County in 1819. Howard, George. Xoor, William, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, Gunnon, John. lX6. Geyer, John, drummer-boy (eleven years of age), son Bloll, William, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, of Peter Geyer, below; mounded in the heel at 1776. Germantown ; discharged Jan. 1, 1778, at Valley Nail, James. Forge: mas a stone-mason, residing in Metal Nelson, James, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, township, Franklin Co., in 1821. 1776. Privates. Nelson, William, wounded in the left knee; missing Andersw, Xartin. since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776 ; resided in West- Bentley, Eames. rnoreland County in 1789. Brown, Andrew. Orr, David. Bromnfield, Daniel, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, Riddle, John. 1776. Riddle, Robert. Brownlee, John, April 1, 1776; discharged Jan. 1, Roddy, Patrick. 1778 ; resided in Donegal township, Washington Sims, John. Co., in 1814. Singlewood, Stephen, missing since the battle, Aug. Bryson, Andrew, April 1,1776 ; drafted into the artil- 27, 1776. lery at Brandywine; discharged Jan. 1, 1778; Stamper, Charles, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, resided in Bedminster township, Bucks Co., in 1776. 1816. Stone, Allen. Cam ahan, Joseph. Stoops, John, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, 1776. Duyough, William. Twifold, William, missing since the battle, Ang. 27, Do! le, Sylvester. 1776.

THE REVOLUTION.

Waddle, William, April, 1776; discharged Jan. 1, Lay aside all Personall Resentments at this time, for 1778; resided in Westmoreland County in 1819. that it Would be construed By ye Worald that they matterson, John. made use of that Sircumstance to Hide themselves Wead, Maurice. under from ye cause of their countrie, and I hope it Wilkinson, Angus, missing since the battle, Aug. 27, Will have a Good Efect at this time. We Have ishued 1776. ye Neceserey orders, and appointed ye owt Parties to Three sergeants were also captured, but t,he roll Randevous at Hanows Town, ye lFh instant, and to does not indicate which. Mardl Emeditly from there. We have Recornended it to ye Militia to Station One Hundred Men at this The Eighth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Line post until further orders. Kas raised under authority of a resolution of Con- "I Hope to have ye Plesure of Seeing you Soon, as gress, dated July 15,1776 (" Journal," vol. i. 41-19), we mean to take Philodelphia in ower Rout. In ye for the defense of the western frontier, to garrison the mean time, I am, With Esteem, your Harty Weli- posts of Presque Isle, Le Bceuf, and Kittanning, to con- wisher and Hb"Sert, sist of seven companies from Westmoreland and one G. Wrrsox. from Bedford County. On tlie 29th of July, 1'776, the " To Col. JAMESWILSON, of the Honorable the Cont. Convention of Pennsylvania, then in session, having Congress, Phila." recommended for field-officers of this regiment Col. Eneas Xackey (written also RlcCoy), Lieut.-Col. Until the 5th of December, 1776, the regiment was GeorgelVilson (of New Geneva, now Fayette County), styled in the quartermaster's receiph "the Battalion and Maj. Richard Butler, they mere elected and ap- commanded by Col. Eneas Mackay," but at that date pointed as such by Congress. A resoluti~nof Con- it is first styled "The Eighth Battalion of Penn'a gress having given to the committees of Westmore- troops in the Continental service," showing that it land and Bedford Counties the right of naming the had then been assigned to duty in the Continental company officers, they were so named (as in the roster Line. The regiment marched from Kittanning on hereafter given), and on the 14th of September, 1'776, the 6th of January, 1777, and it and the Twelfth Congress accepted them and ordered commissions. Pennsylvania were the first regiments of the Line in On the 22d of September Congress elected David Mc- tlie field. The next notice of it is found in the Life Clure chaplain, and Ephraim Douglass quartermaster of Timothy Picliering" (volun~ei., page 121), in the of the regiment. On the 23d of Rovember Congress following reference to the Eighth Pennsylvania : directed tlie Board of War to order the regiment to " Xarch 1, li77, S~tnrda).. march with all possible expedition by the nearest "Dr. Putnam brought me a billet, of which the route "to Brunswick, N. J., or to join Gen. TVashing- following is a copy : ton wherever he may be." On the 4th of Xovember " 'DEARSIR : Our Battalion is so unfortunate as not the regiment received orders to march to Amboy, to have a Doctor, and, in my opinion, dying for want K. J., whereupon Lieut.-Col. George Wilson wrote of medicine. I beg you will come down to-morrow from the regimental rendezvous to Col. James Wilson morning and visit the sick of my company. For that as follows : favor you shall have sufficient satisfaction from your " KETASIAN, Dec. 6t11,17'iG. humble servant, " Dr Colonall : Last Evening TSTe Recd Marching ' JAMESPIGOTT, ordors, Which I must say is not Disagreeable to me " ' Capt. of 8 Batk. of Pa. under ye Sircumstances of ye times, for when I enter'd " ' QUIBBLETOWS,Frb. 28,1717.' into ye Service I Judged that if a necesety appeared '' I desired the Dr. by all means to visit them. They to call us Below, it would be Don, therefore it Dont were raised about the Ohio, and had travelled near come on me By Surprise; But as Both ye Officers and five hundred miles, as one of the soldiers who came Men understood they Ware Raised for y-efence of for the Dr. informed me. For 150 miles over moun- ye Westeran Frontiers, and their fameleys and sub- tains, never entering a house, but building fires, and stance to be Left in so Defenceless a situation in their encamping in the Snow. Considerable numbers, un- abstence, seems to Give Sensable trouble, althOI Hope used to such hardships, have since died. The Colonel We Will Get eyer it, By Leving sum of ower trifeling and Lieutenant-Colonel among the dead. The Dr. Officers Behind who Pirtend to Have More Witt then informed he found them quartered in cold shattered seven men that can Rendar a Reason. We are ill houses." Prorided for a March at this season, But there is nothing Hard under sum Sircumstances. We Hope The regiment was stationed at Bound Brook, N. J., Provision Will be made for us Below, Blankets, in the winter and spring of 1777, where it masattacked Campe Kittles, tents, arms, Regimentals, &c., that by the British and defeated, with the loss of a number we may not Cut a Dispisable Figure, But may be of men. Lieut..-Col. George Tt7i1son, of New Geneva, Enabled to answer ye expectation of omer Countre. died of pleurisy'3at Quibblrtown, N. J., in February "I Have Warmly Recommended to ye officers to of that year.

HISTORY OP FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

- Cols. Mackey and Wilson having died, Daniel mands, were detailed on duty with Col. Morgan, and Brodhead became colonel, Richard Butler lieutenant- greatly distinguished themselves in the series of ae colonel, and Stephen Bayard major. When Morgan's tions that resulted in the surrender of Gen. Burgoyne at rifle command was organized, Lieut.-Col. Butler was Saratoga. These commands consisted of picked rifle. made lieutenant-colonel of it, and Maj. James Ross, men out of all of the companies of the. Eighth Penn. of the First Pennsylvania, became lieutenant-colonel. sylvania. According to a return signed by the latter, dated A return dated Nov. 1, 1777, shows the strength oi " Mount Pleasant, June 9,1777," the number of men the regiment present: colonel, major, two captains, enlisted between the 9th of August and the 16th of sis lieutenants, adjutant, paymaster and surgeon, ser. December, 1776, was six hundred and thirty; enlisted geant-major,- quartermastersergeant and drum-major: since the 16th of December, thirty-four; making a twenty-nine sergeants, nine drums and fifes, one hun- total of sis hundred and eighty-four. The strength dred and twelve rank and file fit for duty, twenty of the respective companies mas : eight sick present, seventy-seren sick absent, on( Ser- R""k hundred and thirty-nine on command ; total, three geants. File."lid hundred and fifty-one. Prisoners of war, one sergeanl Capt. David Kilgore's Cornpang. . . 3 55 and fifty-eight privates. Capt. Van Swearingen, Capt. Samuel Miller's " . .1 82 Lieut. Basil Prather, and Lieut. John Hardin on Capt. Van Swearingen's " . .3 71 command with Col. Morgan. Vacant offices : lieu Capt. James Pjgott's " . .-I 5.3 tenant-colonel, four captains, three lieutenants; eight Capt. \iTendel 0urry7s " . .4 54 ensigns, chapIain, and surgeon's mate. Lieut.-Col, Capt. -4ndrem Mann's " . -4 58 Ross resigned after the battles of Brandymine and Capt. James Montgomerp's Conlpany . 2 57 Germantown. Capt. Michael Huffnagle7s " 4 70 On the 5th of March, 1777, the regiment was or. Capt. Lieut. John Finley's " 2 77 dered to Pittsburgh for the defense of the westerr Cnpt. Lieut. Basil Prather's " 3 69 frontiers, and by direction of Gen. 3IcIntos11, Col From the total, thirty-six mere deducted as prison- Brodhead made, ahoutthe 12th of July, a dktour up thi ers of war, fourteen missing, fifty-one dead, fifteen West Branch to check the savages who mere ravaging discharged, one hundred and twenty-six deserted. Wyoming and the West Branch Valley. He was d Lieut. 41atthew Jack, absent from April 13tl1, Muncy on the 24th of July, and had ordered Capt wounded. Ensign Gabriel Peterson, absent from Finley's company into Penn's Valley, where two of thi April l'Tth, mounded. Capt. Moses Carson, deserted latter's soldiers, Thomas Van Doren and Jacob Shed April 2lst. First Lieut. Richard Carson? deserted. acre, who had participated in the csmpaign againsi Aquila White, ensign, deserted February 23d. Joseph Burgoyne, were killed on the 24t11, in sight of Potter': XkDoIo, first lieutenant, deserted. Thomas Forthay, fort, by the Indians. (Pennsylvania Archives, 0. S. ensign, deserted. Alexander Simrall, second lieu- rol. vi. page 666.) Soon after, Col. Hartley mith hi: tenant, cashiered. David McKee, ensign, dismissed regiment relieved Col. Brodhead, and he proceeded the service. Ephraim Douglass, quartermaster, taken with the Eighth to Pittsburgh. by the enemy March 13th. ,4 monthly return of the troops commanded by Col, Capt. Van Swearingen, Firs; Lieut. Basil Prather, Brodhead in the Western Department, dated July and Second Lieut. John Hardin,' mith their com- 30, 1780, gives the strength of the Eighth Penfisyl. vania: colonel, lieutenant-colonel, major, two ccptains 1 The fullowing testimonial to .the bravery and cfftciency of Licut. three lieutenants, four ensigns. adjutant, paymaster, (nftywxds Col.) John IIardin, of F~yetteConnt~-, during his term of quartermaster, surgeon, surgeon's mate, sergeant- srrvice in the RL-vulution,i9 from a lrtter rsrittm by Gel]. James W11- major, quartermaster-sergeant, one drum and fife kinson to President Dickinson, on tho oc~wionof his tendering his resignation as brigadier and :uljutmt-general of Pennsylvania, in US4, major, ten sergeants, ten drums and fifes, one hundred ciz. : and twenty rank and file fit for duty, four sick, tnc "On the present return of the Election for Fayettc County, 3hjor furloughed, eight on command, three deserted, six John Hardiu st:mdd secund for the Sheriff's Office ; permit me briefly to state to your Escelleuc~this marl's merit, without detractin~from that joined the Invalid Company. of hiscompetitor. Yr. IIirrdi~~served in the alert of the :rr:ny, under In a letter from Gen. William Irvine to Gen. Wash- the Generals (then Colonels) BIorgan and Butler, in the Sortheru Cam- ington, soon after he took command at Fort Pitt, paign, 1'777. His Rank \\.as tint of a Lieutcnnnt,and I can, w the Ad- jutant-General of the hnny under Gencrd G;rtus, a.;sert that 11e WRS dated Dec. 2, 1781, he says, "I have re-formed thc esposed to more d:inger, enconntered greater Fatigue, and pcrfurnwd remains of the late Eighth Pennsylvania into tnc nmrc real skrvice than any other Oficer of his Station; wit11 Plrrtics companies, and call them a detachn~entfrom tht never exceeding 20 men, he in llle Gourse of tho Cmnpaign made np- Pennsylvania Line, to be commanded by Lieut.-Col. vanls of 60 Prisoners, and at a Personal Rencounter in the rear of the Enemies' position he killed a loha\'k espress and brought in tho dis- Bsyard." [The first company, Capt. Clark, Lieuts. patches \shiclr be was conveying from Gen'l Burgoyne to the Conrmnnd- Peterson and Reed; second company, Capt. BradyI iug Olficer at Ticonderog, vith the loss only (indeed) of a Lock of Hair, Lieuts. Ward and Norrison.] which the Indian's Fire carried away. It is sufficient for me, Sir, to testify his merib ; the Jus:ice which characterizes your sdministmtion Capt. Matthem Jack, in a statement on file, says, will do the rest." . . " In the year 1778 the Eighth was sent to Pittsburgh

r- THE REVOLUTION. i 4 --- - to guard the frontier, and placed under the command phced in the First Pennsylrania, and James Ross of Gen. X,~eIntosh; that they went down to the in Eighth Pennsylvania. lnouth of tile Beaver, and there built Fort &Intosh, Ross, James, from lieutenant-colonel First Pennsyl- alld from that went, upon McIntosh's command, to vania ; resigned Sept. 22, 1777. the head of the Muskingnm, and there built Fort Bayard, Stephex, from major, ranking Sept. 23, 1777; Luurens. In the year 1779 went up the Allegheny, transferred to Sistl Pennsylvania, Jan. 17,1751. on Gen. Brodhead's espedition, attacked the Indians :~uddefeated them, and burned their towns. On the illajors. return of the regiment, its time having expired, it was Butler, Richard, July 20,1776 ; promoted lieutenant- discharged at Pittsburgh." For a full account of the colonel 31ll"arch 12, 1777. services of this regiment in the West, the reader is Bayard, Stephen, Uarch 12, 1777, ranking from Oct. referred to " Brodhead's Letter-Book," published in 4, 1776; promoted lieutenant-colonel, to rank the t\velfth volume, first series, of Pennsylvania Ar- from Sept. 23, 1777. cl~ires. Vernon, Frederick, from captain Fifth Pennsylvania, Van Sn-earingen was probably the most noted cap- ranking from June 7,1777 ; transferred to Fourth tain in the Eighth Pennsylvania. On the 19th of Pennsylvania, Jan. 17,1781. September he and a lieutenant and twenty privates were captured in a sudden dash that scattered Nor- Captains. gan's men. He fell into the hands of the Indians, Kilgore, Darid, died July 11, 1814, aged sixty-nine but was rescued by Gen. Fraser's bat man (one who years four months and twelve days; buried in takes care of his officer's horse), who took him before the Presbyterian graveyard of Mount Pleasant the general. The latter interrogated him concerning (Middle Church), Westmoreland County.-Lefter the nuinber of the American army, but got no answer, of Nannie I% Kilgore, Greensburg, Juhy 23, 1878. except that it was commanded by Gens. Gates and Miller, Samuel, died in service, Jan. 10, 1775; left a Amold. He then threatened to hang him. " You widow, Jane Cruikshank, who resided in West- may, if you please," said Van Swearingen. Fraser moreland County in 1784. then rode of, leaving him in care of Sergt. Dunbar, Van Swearingen,' Aug. 9,1776. Van Swearingen had who consigned hiin to Lieut. Auburey, who ordered been in command of an independent company, in him to be placed among the other prisoners, with the pay of the State, from February to Sug. 11, directions not to be ill treated. Svearingen, after 1776, in defense of the frontiers in Westmoreland Burgoyne's army mas removed to Virginia, made County. especial exertions to have Dunbar and Auburey es- Piggott, James ; on return June 9,1777, he is marked changed. Slrearingen was the first sheriff of Wash- sick in camp. ington County in 1751; resided in now Fayette Ourry, Wendel. County, opposite Greenfield. His daughter became Mann, Andrew; on return of June 9, 1777, he is the rife of the celebrated Capt. Samuel Brady (also marked sick in quarters since May 2d. of the Eighth Pennsylvania), so conspicuous in the Carson, Moses, left the service April 21, 1777. annals of Western Pennsylvania. Miers, Eliezer. [The foregoing captains were recommended by the ROSTEROF FIELD-LSD STAFFOFFICERS OF THE committees of Westmoreland and Bedford Counties, EIGHTHPEXXSYLVANIA. and directed to be commissioned by resolution of Con- Colonels. gress of Sept. 14, 1776.1 Montgomery, James, died Aug. 26, 1777 ; his widow, Xackep, Eneas, of Westmoreland County, July 20, Martha, resided in Westmoreland County in 1824. 1776 ; died in service, Feb. 14, 1777. Hufnagle, Michael, died Dec. 31, 1819, in Allegheny Brodhead, Daniel, from lieutenant-colonel, Fourth County, aged sixty-six. Pennsylvania, Narch 12, 1777; joined April, Jack, Matthew, from first lieutenant; became super- 1777; transferred to First Pennsylvania, Jan. numerary Jan. 31, 1779; resided in Westmore- 17, 1781. land County in 1835, aged eighty-two. Lieutenant- Coloneb. Stokely, Nehemiah, Oct. 16, 1777; became superno- merary Jan. 31, 1779; died in Westmoreland Wilson, George, July 20, 1776 ; died in service at County in 1811. Quibbletown, February, 1777. Cooke, Thomas, from first lieutenant; became super- Butler, Richard, from major, March 12,1777, ranking numerary Jan. 31,1779 ; diedin Guernsey County, from Aug. 28, 1776; transferred to lieutenant- Ohio, KOV.5, 1831. colonel of Morgan's rifle command, June 9,1777 ; promoted colonel of Einth Pennsylvania, rank- 1 The names of the captains appear, on the first return found, in the ing from June 7, 1777; by an alteration subse- order indicated abore, but date of commissions cannot be ascertuinerl. quent to March 12, 1777, Richard Butler was Probably they were all dated Bug 9,1176, as Van Sweariogen's. 6

78 HISTORY OF FAPETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Dawson, Samuel, from Eleventh Pennsylvania, July Stotesbury, John, from old Elerenth Pennsylvania 1,1778; died at Fort Pitt, Sept. 6, 1779; buried commission dated April 9, 1777 ; he mas a pris. in First Presbyterian churchyard in Pittsburgh. oner in !Sew York for some time; transferred tc Noore, James Francis, from Thirteenth Pennsylrania, the Second Pennsylvania, Jan. 17,1781. Julp 1, 177s. Neilly, Benjamin, from ensign, Oct. 4,1777. Clark, John, from Thirteenth Pennsylvania, Julp 1, Finley, Andrew, on return of Nor. 1, 1777, markel 1778 ; transferred to First Pennsylvania, July 17, sick since October 16th ; retired in 1778 ; resided 1781. in Westmoreland County, 1813. Carnahan, James, from Thirteenth Pennsylvania, Amberson, William, in 1779 he was deputy muster. July 1, 1778; transferred to Fourth Pennsylva- master-general ; resided in Mercer County ir nia, Jan. 17, 1781. 1835. Finley, Joseph L., from Thirteenth Pennsylvania, Read, Srchibald, vice Joseph Brownlee, Dec. 13,1778 July 1,1778 ; brigade-major, July 30,1750; trans- died in Allegheny County in 1823. ferred to Second Pennsylvania, Jan. 17,1781. Graham, Alexander, vice Basil Prather, April 1,1779 Finley, John. from first lieutenant, Oct. 22, 1777; Ward, John, April 2, 1779; transferred to Second transferred to Fifth Pennsylvania, Jan. 17, 17S1. Pennsj-11-ania, Jan. 17, 1781. Crawford, John, from first lieutenant, dug. 10, 1779 ; transferred to Sixth Pennsylvania, Jan. 17, 1781. Second Lieutenants. Brady, Samuel, from captain lieutenant, Aug. 2,1779; Z'hompson, William, Aug. 9, 1776 ; resigned >lay 17, transferred to Third Pennsylvania, Jan. 17,1781. 1777. jimrall, Alexander, Aug. 9, 1776; left the army in Captain Lieutenant. 1777; resided in Jefferson County, Ohio, in 1834 Brady, Samuel, commission dated July 17,1776 ; from aged eighty-eight. Sixth Pennsylvania; promoted captain Aug. 2, Guthrie, James, Ang. 9, 1776. 1779. Rogers, Philip, Aug. 9, 1776. First Lieutenants. Smith, Samuel, Bug. 9, 1776; billed at Germantown Moseley, Robert (written Moody in the return), re- Oct. 4, 1777. signed May 16, 1777; resided in Ohio County, blountz, William, Aug. 9, 1776; resigned April 17, Ky., in 1820, aged sixty-nine. 1777. Cooke, Thomas, promoted captain. Beeler, James, Jr., Aug. 9, 1776. Finley, John, promoted captain Oct. 22, 1777. Cramford, John, Aug. 9, 1776; promoted first lieu- Jack, Matthew, lost his left hand by the bursting of tenant, April 18, 1777. his gun at Bound Brook, N. J. ; promoted captain [The foregoing second lieutenants mere commis- April 13, 1777. sioned under resolution of Congress, Sept. 14, 1776, Hickman, Ezekiel. dating as above.] Carson, Richard, left the service in 1777. Owine, Barnabas, marked on return of Nov. 1,1777, McGeary, William, resigned April 17, 1777. as command in the infantry. JlcDolo, Joseph, left the service in 1777. Carnahan, John, resigned in 1779. [The foregoing first lieutenants were commissioned under the resolution of Congress of Sept. 16, 1776.1 Ensips. Richardson, Richard, returned June 9, 1777, as re- Xeilly, Benjamin, promoted to first lieutenant, Oct. 4, cruiting. 1777. Prather, Basil, returned Nov. 1,1777, as on command Kerr, Joseph. with Col. Morgan from June 9th ; resigned april Simmons, John. 1, 1779. Wherry, David. Hughes, John, Aug. 9, 1776 ; resigned Nov. 23,1778 ; Necklin, Des-alt, resigned April 17, 1777. resided in Washington County in 1813. Wearer, Valentine. . Crawford, John, from second lieutenant, April 18, Reed, John. 1777; promoted captain Aug. 10,1779; promoted Whjte, Aquila, left the army Feb. 23, 1777; resided to Second Pennsylvania, with rank of captain, in Xontgomery County, Ky., in 1834. from April 18, 1777. [The foregoing ensigns were commissioned under a Hardin, John, July 13, 1777; Nor. 1, 1777, returned resolution of Congress of Sept. 14, 1776.j as on command with Col. Morgan; resigned in Forshay, Thomas, left the service in 1777. 1'779; afterwards Gen. John Hardin, of Kentucky; McKee, David, left the service in 1777. murdered by the Indians, near Sandusky, Ohio, Peterson, Gabriel, ou a return of June 9, 1777, he is in 1791.- ~lfiinson'sJfimoirs. marked absent, wounded, from April 17, 1777; Mickey, Daniel, became supernumerary Jan. 31,1779. promoted to first lieutenant, July 26, 1777. Peterson, Gabriel, July 26, 1777; died in Allegheny Gnthrie, John, appointed Dec. 21,1778. County, Feb. 12, 1832. Mcrrison, James, appointed Dec. 21, 1778.

THE REVOLUTION. f Wyatt, Thomas, appointed Dec. 21, 177s; resided at Cbryorals. I St. Louis, No., in 1834, aged eighty. BradIey, Thomas, three years. 3 Cooper, TVilliam, appointed April 19, 1779. Jarret, William, three years, on command at Fort Davidson, Joshua, appointed April 19, 1779; resided Laurens. 3 in Brown County, Ohio, in 1833, aged eighty-one. kckles, Arthur, three years, on guard at Block-house. Stevenson, James, three years, on command at Sugar Chaplain. Camp. IllcClure, Rev. David, appointed Sept. 12, 1776. Drummer. Bower, Yichael. Adjutants. Pricatts. Huffnagle, Michael, appointed Sept. 7, 1776. Bacon, John, Tar, at Fort Laurens. Crawford, John, lieutenant, 1780. Xdn-ell, Robert, three years, on command, making canoes. Paymaster. Xne, George, three years. Boyd, John, July 20, 1776. Cooper, Joseph, three years, on command at Fort Laurens. Zounse, Felix, three years. Eyler, Jonas, mar, on command at Fort Laurens. Douglass, Ephraim, Sept. 12, 1776; taken prisoner Fisher, John, three years. while acting as aide-de-camp to Gen. Lincoln, France, Henry, three years. Xarch 13, 1777 ; exchanged Nor. 27, 1780 ; pro- Handcock, Joseph, three years. thonotary of Fayette County in 1783; died in Hill, John, three years. 1533. Holmes, Nicholas, three years. Neilly, Benjamin, appointed in 1778. Holstone, George, three years, on command at Fort Laurens. Surgeons. Keer, William, three years. Morgan, Abel, from old Eleventh ; resigned in 1779 ; Lamb, Peter, three yeaw, on command at Fort Lau- died in 1785. rens. Norton, Hugh, March 7, 1780. Lewis, Samuel, war. Lynch, Patrick, three years, on command, boating. Surgeon's Jfate. 3IcCombs, Allen, three yeaw. Saple, John Alexander, 1778. McCaully, Edward, war. XcGreggor, John, mar. Clothier. McKeehan, David, three years, on command at Fort Read, Archibald, 1778. Laurens. UcRissan, James, three years. iliuster-roll of Capt. A%hemiah Sfokely's company, i~z McLaughlin, Patrick, three years. the Eighth Pennsylcania Reginzent of Foof, in Me Natthem, William, three years, on command, boating. sercice of the United States of Snzericn, commanded Narman, George, war, on command, recruitins by Col. Daniel Bi-odhead, taEen fo~the months of Xartin, Paul, three years, on command at Fort Lau- October, ic'bvember, and December, 1778, and Janu- rens. ary, 1779. Miller, George, three years, on command at Port Cap tail,. Laurens. Stokely, Nehemiah, Oct. 16, 17'77; supernumerary, Richard, Richard, three years. Jan. 31, 1799. Sham, Jacob, three years, on furlough. Slielhammer, Peter, three years. First Lieutenant. Smith, Emanuel, three years. Hughes, John, Aug. 9, 1776 ; resigned Kov. 23, 1778. Smith, Jacob, three years. Ensign. Smith, John, war. Sommerville, William, three years, on command ; en- Wyatt, Thomas, Dec. 20, 1775, on command ar; Fort listed Aug. 8, 1776, under Capt. Ourry; October, Laurens. 1775, appointed conductor of artillery ;see letters Sergeants. to, Pennsylvania Archives, second series, rol. iii. Cra~~ford,Bobert, three years. p. 245, etc.; he mas appointed by President Jef- Hezlip, Rezin, three years. ferson postmaster at Martinsburg, Va., and died Smith, John, three years, on command at Sugar there, 3farch 18, 1826, aged seventy. Camp. Steel, Thomas, war. Armstrong, George, mar. Tracey, James, Tar, on guard.

SO HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUXTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Turner, William, three years. Alcorn, James, transferred to Invalid Corps, July, Webb, Hugh, mar, on command, at Sugar Camp. 1780. Wilkie, Edtwrd, war, on command, at Fort Laurens. Allen, William, deserted August, 1778. Anderson, Johnson. FORTXcIs~osu, Yeb. 21,1779. Anderson, William, resided in Mercer County, 1809. Then mustered Capt. Stokely's company, as speci- hderson, George, resided in TVestmore!and County, fied in the above roll. 1835, aged eighty-four. \\'N. ANDERSON, Armstrong, George. D.iKJL Genl., JLD. Askins, George. I certify that the within muster-roll is a true state Askins, James, deserted August, 1775. of the company, without fraud to these United States, Atkins, Isaac. or to any individual, to the best of my knowledge. Sergeants. ROBERTCRAWFORD, Baker, Michael, died in Greene County, Ill., Sept. 13, Sergeant. 1831. Blake, William. I do certify that there is no commissioned officer Byels, Joseph, of Piggott's company. present belonging to the company. F$er. DAXIEL BRODHEAD, Bond, John. Col. 8th Pa. Rqt. Privates. Bacon, John. Counrssros~ns' OFFICE FOR ARMYACCOCNTS, SEVYORIC, July 19,liS6. Bannon, Jeremiah. Beard, John, deserted August, 1778. This may certify that the above and foregoing is a Berkett, Robert. true copy of the muster-roll of Capt. Stokely's com- Berlin, Isaac, died in Cramford County, June 16,1831, pany, the original of which is filed in this office. agecl sevcntp-six. Jso. PIERCE,M G. Berry, Michael. Kos-Co~?lr~ss~os~~OFFICERS ASD PRIVATESOF Bess, Edward, Van Sn7earingen's company, 1776-70 ; THE EIGHTHPESKSYLVAXIA REGIMEST, COS- also in Crawford's campaign ; died in Washing- TISESTSL LISE.' ton County, July 17, 1822, aged seventy-seven. Blake, Luke William. [Those marked (e) are taken from a list in the Sec- Blake, Kicholas, enlisted August, 1776. retary's office of soldiers n~llosedepreciated pay es- Elakeney, Gabriel, private at Long Island; lieutenant cheatecl to the State.] in Flying Camp; captured at Fort Washington; Sergeant. resided in Washington County, 1817. Allison, John, died in Versailles, Kg., June 16, 1823, Bodkin, James. aged seventy-five. Booth, George. Corporal. Boveard, James, Kilgore's company, 1776-79 ; died in Sdams, Robert. 1808, in East Buffhlo to~~nship,Union County. Drunzmer. Boyer, Oziel, Billed in action. Atkimon, Joseph. Brandon, Micl~ael. PYer. Bright, John (e) . Adams, George. Bristo, Samuel. Privates. Broadstock, William. Abrams, Gabriel, Kilgore's company, 1776-79. Brothers, Matthew. Aikins, Robert, resided in Bedford County, 1790. Browc, John, resided in Armstrong County, 1825. - - Burbridge, Thomas, Kilgore's company ; taken De- 1 "This roll of the Pennsylvania Liue of COUMefillk farslrort of doing cember, 1780; in captivity three years; resided justice to llrr ptriotism of Pcnnsylvxni;~. It is in fxct a nlere rull of the Line :ISilisc11:irged in J:inuary, 15S1. Tl~clmndreds wlro fell iu all in Westmoreland County, 1805. the battles of the 'Rev~~lntion,from QneLec to Charleston, are nut here; Burbet, Christopher. the wo~~nderl,who dragged their torn Iiml~shome to die in their ]la- Burns, Pearce, transferred to Invalid Corps, August, tive callrye, are not here. The lreatlrs of Xcw Jersey, from l?~mmmto Freel~old,by a line encircling Morristonm and Bound Brook, were, in 1777. the summer of 1777, dotted wit11 the graves of tllc Eighth aud T~elftlr Byan, David, August, 1777-79 ; Capt. Piggott7s com- Pcnnsylvnnin. Tllesc rrgiments from tllc frontier cuuutiee of the State pany; served at Saratoga under Van Swear- -Westn~orcland and Nortl~uullrerl:lnd-were tl~cfirst of the Line in the field, tl~oi~glrthey had to come from tlic banks of the BIonongahela and ingen; rent West with regiment, 1778; at the the Iie:~d-watersof the Susquelmnnn. At Brandywiric tlw Pennsyl\-;nria building of Fort RIcIntosh and Fort Laurens; troops lost Ireacily, tho Eighthand Twelfth and Col. 1I:irtley's additional Pennsylvania pensioner,'lSl3. regiment in particnlnr, iu officers aud uleu; and Co1. Patton'sodditiunal regiment, after the bnttle of Germantown. could not maintain its rrgi- 8ergeanta. mentrrl organization."-The Pe~~)rr>IuaniaLii~e,from Jtrlg 1, liYG, to x~v. Cavenaugh, Barney. 3,1783. Cheselden? Edward.

THE REVOLUTION.

Clarke, James. Crosley, Timothy. Cooper, William, of Kilgore's company. Cruikshank, Andrew, Miller's compnny, Bug. 17, Cramford, Robert, Aug. 20, 1776-Sept. 15, 1779; re- 1776-September, 1'779; resided in Butler County, sided in Venango County, 1825. 1810. Curtin, John. Fver. Sergeants. Clark, Darid (e), Capt. Kilgore's company, April, Dennison, James. 1777. Donnalson, William. Prizales. Cain, Bartholomew. Corporal. Cain, John. Dacis, William, died in Muskingum County, Ohio, Calahan, John. in 1834, aged eighty-two. Cd1, Daniel, resided in Westmoreland County, 1821. Campbell, George, Mount Pleasant, ITestmoreland Privates. Co., 1786. Darragh, John. Carr, Daniel. Davis, John, died in Holmea County, Ohio, June 7, Carrenger, Martin. 1530, aged sixty-four, Carswell, Joseph. Dempey, Thomas. Carty, Richard. Dennis, Michael. Casevey, Patrick, deserted August, 1778. Dennis, Thomas, killed in April, 1779. Castile, Samuel. Dennison, Joseph (e), kansferred to Seventh Regi- Cavenaugh, John. ment. Cavenaugh, Patrick, enlisted at Carlisle in Capt. Desperett, Henry. Huffnagle7s company; he saved Gen. Lincoln Dickerson, Henry, enlisted 1776 in Van Smearingen's from capture by the British in New Jersey; company, at Saratoga, etc. ; resided in Washing- afterwards express-rider for Gen. Greene; died ton County in 1813. in Washington County, April 5, 1823, aged Dickson, WiMiam. eighty-three. Dolphin, Joseph. Chambers. Andrew. Dougherty, James, alias Cnpt. Fitzpatrick, deserted Chambers, Moses, from Ligonier; deserted August, August, 1778, and esecuted for robbery. 1775. Dougherty, Mordecai, brother of above, deserted Chriswell, Joseph. -4ugust, 1778. Churchfield, John, enlisted July, 1776; wounded in Domden, Johc. the leg in the battle of Germantown ; resided in Du Kinson, Joseph, kilied in action. Westmoreland County, 1835, aged eighty-six. Clark, Benjamin, Kilgore's company; mounded at Xergeanf. Bound Brook, 1777; also, in 177S, on march to Evans, Arnold (8)- Fort McIntosh; resided in Steubenville, Ohio, Dtusnmer. 1815. Edwards, Joha Close, Robert. Fger. Coleman, Joseph. Conner, John. Evans, Anthony, promoted to fife-major, Third Penn. Connor, Bryan, enlisted July 2,1777. sylvania. Conway, Felix. Privates. Cooper, Josep11,l deserted August, 1778 ; died Jan. Edwards, David (e). 16, 1823, in Bedford County, aged sisty-eight. Everall, Charles. Cooper, Leonard, from Maryland; deserted August, 1778. Quartermmter-&qcan2. Cooper, William, Aug. 17, 1776-September, 1779; Fletcher, Simon. resided in Venango County, 1810. Sergeants. Corner, Felix. Font, Matthew. Coveney, Felix. Forbes, William. Cripps, John. CritchIom, James, enlisted August, 1776, in Capt. Corporal. Moses Carson's company ; ser~edin all the Sara- Fitzgibbons, James. toga engagements under Lieut.-Col. Butler; re- Prisales. sided in Butler County, 1835, aged seventy-eight. Faith, Abraham, Capt. Mann's company, Aug. 15, ' The fact of a seldier being markrd on one roll deserted amounted to 1776-Nov. 19, 1779; resided in Somerset County nothing, becmse they usually returned after a few mouths' ahence. in 1S2.5, aged seventy-four.

83 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Faughey, James, deserted August, 1778. Bunter, Robert, John Finley's company; wounded at Finn, James, transferred to Inralid Corps. Bound Brook and Paoli; resided in Westrnore- Fitzgibbons, David. land County in 1808. Fossbrooke, or Frostbrook, John, resided in Bath Butchinson, John. Co., Ky., in 183-1, aged one hundred and four. Sergca~~f. Fulton, Joseph, July 4, 1776. Jamisou, John, Capt. Xiller's company; enlisted in Corporal. 1776, at Kittanning ; served three years ; resided in Butler Connty in 1535, aged eighty-four. Gladvin, John. Privates. Prizates. Gallagher, Michael, June 7, 1776 ; deserted before he Jennings, Benjamin, Sept. 9, 1776-Sept. 9,1779, in reached the regiment. Kilgore's company ; drafted into rifle command ; Gallagher, John. resided in Somerset County in 1807. Ger~nain,Henry. Johnson, Peter (e), resided in Harrison Cbnty, TTa., Gibbons, David. in lS29. Gibson, Henry. Jones, Benjamin, resided in Champaign County, Gill, William, mounded in hand at Bound Brook ; Ohio, in 1333, aged seventy-one. resided in Mercer County in 1833, aged eighty- Tordan: John, Westmoreland County. four. Justice, Jacob, resided in Bedforcl County in 1820. Girdler, James. Glenn, Hugh, killed in action. Sergeant. Graham, Alexander, deserted August, 177s. Kerns, Robert. Drummer. Graham, TVilliam, Capt. Kiigore's company ; resided Kidder, Benojamin. in Westmoreland County in 181I. Fver. Greenland, James. UcKinney, or Kenney, Peter, Capt. Clark's company, Grimes, John. 1776-79; resided in Butler County in 1535, aged Guthery, Archibald, killed August, 1779. seventy. G~vyne,Joseph, June 7,1776 ; served three years ; re- Privates. sided in Greene County in 1803. Kain, John. Corporal. Kairns, Godfrey. Halpen, Joseph. Kean, Thonias, Aug. 23, 1776, Capt. Montgomery's Primtes. company ; he was an indented sen-ant of William Hamill, Hugh, Finley's company, 1776-79; resided Rankin. in Westmoreland County in 1809. Kelly, Edward. Hancock, Joseph (e), Capt. Mann's company, 1777 ; Kelly, Roberts. resided in Wayne County, In&, in 1834, aged Kelly, Thomas. seventy-seven. Kemble, Jacob. Sanley, Xichael. Kerr, Daniel. Hardesty, Obadiah, resided in Lawrence County, Ill., Kerr, William, Capt. Miller's company, Bug. 1776- in 1833, aged seventy-one. Sept. 9,1779 ; resided in Westmoreland County in Harman, Conrad, died in Muskingum County, Ohio, 3823. June 9,1822, aged seventy-five. Kildea, Michael, paid from Jan. 1, 1777-Aug. 1, Harvey, Samuel. liS0. Hezlip, Rezin, Stokely's company; resided in Balti- Sergeant-Jfqjor. more in 1513. Lee, William, died in Colurnbiana County, Ohio, Jan. Hayes, Jacob, from Brandywine, deserted August, 6, 1818, aged eighty-five. 1775. Hayes, Joel, from Brandywine, deserted August, Corpo~als. 1778. Lewis, Samuel. Hiere, avid, deserted August, 177s. Lucas, Henry. Hoback, Philip, resided in Madison County, Ind., in Privates. 1820, aged sisty-four. Lacey, 1,arrrence. Hockley, Richard, Capt. Clark's company ; resided in Lacount, Samuel. TVestmorela,nd County in 1813. Landers, David. Hotten, John, Aug. 2, 1876-Sept. 17, 1779; resided Lawless, James. in Westmoreland County in 1812. Lecron, John. Humbar, Xicholas. Lewis, William, of Brady's company; resided in 31or- Hunter, Kicholns (e). gan Countp, Ohio, in 1S31.

THE REVOLUTION. 83

Lingo, Henry, resided in Trumbull CounQ, Ohio, Merryman, William. 1834, aged seventy-one. \filler, Isaac. Long, Gideon, resided in Fayette County, 1835, aged \filler, John. serenty-nine. Hitchell, James, Mann's company, 1776-79; resided Long, m ere mi ah. in Somerset County in 1810. Luckey, Andrew, of Westmoreland County ; &1ilierfs Mooney, Patrick. company; became teamster to Eighth Pennsyl- Moore, John. vania ; discharged at Valley Forge ; resided in Moore, William, Capt. Jack's company, November, Fayette County, 1822, aged sixty-eight. 1777. Morrison, Eclmard. Sergeant--Wajor. blorrow, William, transferred to Invalid Corps, Au- McClean, ---. gust, 1780. Sergea~ats. blowy, Christian. McClure, John. Xurphy, Michael. NcGregor, John. blurray, Neal, August, 1776, Miller's companq-; taken Covporals. at Bound Brook, April 17,1777 ; released, and re- joined at Germantown, where he was again taken McAfee, Matthew. and made his escape. Mairman, George. Fqer. Drummer. Ox, Michael. Miller, John, killed in action. Sergeants. Parker, John. Privafes. Porter, Robert, resided in Harrison County, Ohio, Xchlly, Edward. 1834, aged seventy-one. Mcdnary, Patrick. XcCarty, Jeremiah. I'ricates. XcCaulley, Edward. Paris, Peter, Invalid Corps, Bug. 2, 1779. XcChristy, Michael. Capt. Van S:rearingen's com- Parker, Charles, 1776-79; redided in Armstrong pany, October, 1777. County, 1818. McClean, Abijah. Pegg, Benjamin, Piggott's company, Aug. 13, 1776- McComb, Allen, of Nann's company, 1776-79; re- September, 1779 ; resided in Miami County, Ohio, sided in Indiana County, 1810. in 1834, aged eighty-two. McConnell, John, of Huffnagle's company, -4ug. 28, Penton, Thomas. 1776-Aug. 1779 ; died in Westmoreland County, Perry, Samuel, Invalid Corps, September, 1778. Dec. 14,1834, aged seventy-eight. Pettitt, Matthew, resided in Bath County, Ky., 1834, XcFce, Laughlin, killed in action. aged seventy-fonr. McGill, James. Phillips, Luke, Aug. 28,1776. McGlaughlin, Patrick. Phillips, Matthew. McGon-an, Mark, enlisted in 1775, in Capt. Van Reed, Samuel. Swearingen's company for two years; Aug. 9, Ridner, Conrad. 1776, this company was broken up, and he re- Robinson, Simon. enlisted under the same captain in Eighth Penn- Rooke, Timothy. sylvania, and served three years ; resided in Ner- Rourk, Patrick. cer County, Ky., in 1830. Sergeants. McGuire, Andrew. Sample, William. McInamey, Patrick. Smith, John, 1776-Sept. 20, 1779; died in Indiana McEiee, John, resided in Bath County, Ky., in 1830. County, 1811. NcKenney, Peter. Corporal. McKinney, John, Capt. S. Niller's company ; enlisted Swm, Timothy, resided in Trumbull County, Ohio, March, 17is. in 1834. McKissick, Isaac. Privates. McKissick, James, Miller's company; resided in Seaton, Francis. Maryland in 1828. Sham, Michael, resided in Roman County, N. C., in McMullen, Thomas, August, 1776-79 ; died in North- 1834, aged eighty-six; ampton County in 1823. Shedacre, Jacob, Finley's company ; killed by the Martin, George. Indians near Potter's fort, Centre County, July , Maxwell, James, 1776-79, Capt. Montgomery's com- 24, 1778 ; had served under Morgan at Saratoga. pany ; resided in Butler County in 1822. Shedam, Jacob. nlercer, George. Sheridan, Martin.

81 . HISTORY OF FAPETTE COUNTY, PENXSYLVALL'IS.

S:lerlock, Edward, died in R&S County, Ohio, Feb. Waters, Joseph, 1776-1779. 11, 1825, aged sixty-eight. TYatson, John, July 4, 1777. Shilhammer, Peter, resided in Westmoreland County Weaver, Adam, 1776-79, Kilgore's company ; resided in 1824. . in Westmoreland County in 1821. Shuster, Martin. Wharton, William, resided in Pendleton County, Ky., Simmons, Henry, June 12,1776, Huffnagle's company. in 1834, aged eighty-seren. Smith, Henry, resided in Rush County, Ind., in 1834, Wilkey, David, deserted August, 1778. aged sixty-nine. TVilkie, Edward. Smith, John, Sr., resided in Frederick County, Va., Wilkinson, William. in 1834, aged ninety. Williams, John, Inxdid Corps, Aug. 2, 1779. Smith, John, 2d, resided in Westmoreland County in Williams, Lewis, resided in Muskingum County, Ohio, 1835. in 1834, aged ninety-two. Smith, John, 34 from Mifffin County; in Ourry's Williams, Thomas, killed in action. company, October, 1777 ; re-enlisted from Third Wilson, George, Capt. Huffnagle's company, October, Pennsylvania, Capt. Cook's ; taken and scalped 1777. at Tuscaramas. Wilson, William, resided in Trunlbull County, Ohio, Steel, Thomas. in 1820, aged sixty-eight. Stephen, Patrick, Capt. Kilgore's company, October, Winkler, Joseph. 1777. VTolf, Philip, resided in Bedford County in 1790. Sten~art,Charles. Wyatt, Thonas, promoted sergeant. S:ewnrt, Francis. Wyllie, Owen. Stewart, Samuel. Wynn, Webster. Stevenson, Samuel. Stokely, Thomas, August, 1776 ; resided in Washing- ton County in 1823. " In a Detncht. from Pem. Line, Co~nmuncleclby Stephe~z Straphan, William. Bqard, fig., Lt. Colo., for the JIonflzs of Feb., Stubbs, Robert. ilfarch, & April, 17S3." Sutton, David. Captain. Swift, John. Clark, John. Taggert, William, transferred to Invalid Corps, July, 1780. Lieute~zunts. Teq John. Pnterson, Gabe'. Bryson, Samuel. Tlnrp, Perry, resided in Marion County, Icy., in 1834. Crawford, John. Ererly, Jlich'. Turner, William, in Stokely's c;mpany, Sept. 17, Sergeanfs. 1776-79; resided at Connellsville, Fayette Co., in 1835, aged eighty-one. NcCline, John. Blake, Willm. Tweedy, George. Baker, Blichl. Van Daren, Thomas, Finley's company; served at Jfnjor. Saratoga; killed by the Indians near Potter's Lee, Wm. fort, Centre County, July 21,1778. Cor~orals. Vaughan, Joseph, enlisted in Capt. Samuel Moore- Gladrrin, John, , Mcdfee, 3IathW. head's company, April 24, liiG, served two years Jonston, Peter,\( dis- Marmon, George. acd sis months ; then drafted into Capt. Miller's, charged March 17,1783. and served six months; resided in Half-Moon township, Centre Co., in 1822, aged sixty-two. Drummers. Verner, Peter, Invalid Corps, Aug. 2, 17'79. Kidder, Benjn. Edwards, Jno. Sergeants. Fifers. Woods, John, transferred to Invalid Corps. Bond, Jno. Kenny, Peter. Wyatt, Thomas, promoted ensign, Dec. 21, 1778; shoulder-bone broken at Brandywine. Privates. Corpornl. Amberson, Johnston. Carty, Richa. Ward, Natthias. Atchinson, Joseph, de- Casteel, Sam'. Drummer. serted Sept. 7, 1783. Chalmers, And". Whitrnan, John. Bigget, Robert. Clark, James. Privates. Boothe, George. Connor, John. Wagoner, Henry, 1776-79; resided in Cumberland Cardwell, Joseph, de- Conn-ay, Felix. County in 1819. serted April 1, 1783. Cripps, John. Waine, Michael, deserted August, 1778. Caringer, Martin. Dinnis, Michl.

THE REVOLUTIOX. 85

Dinnisnn, James. ' Mercer, George. Fitz Gibbons, David. Roairk, Patrick, diedsept. Dison, Willm. Miller, Isaac. Gibbons, Darid. 2, 1783. Dorough, John. Mooney, Patrick. Gollacher, John. Robinson, Simon. Fosslnrook, John. Morrison, Edward. (heenland, James. Shereden, Martin. Gibson, Henry. Murphy, Michl. Grimes, John. Shuster, Martin. Girdler, James. Os, Michael. Hanley, Michael. Simmonds, Henry. Harmon, Conrad. Parker, Charles. Hobach, Philip, deserted Smith, Johil. Hoetzley, Richard. Rooke, Timothy, June %I;joined June Steel, Thomas. Hutchinson, John. Smith, John. 4, 1'783. Strephan, William. Jones, Benjn. Sherlock, Edward, pris- Jordan. John, discharged Stubbs, Robert. Kerns, Godfrey. oner of war; joined July 1, 1'783. Sutton, David. Kerr, Dan1. Feb., 1'783. Kelley, Edward. Tea, John. Landers, David. Steed, James, deserted2ith Lacey, Lawrence. Terman, Henry. Lingo, Henry. March, 1783. Lacorn, John. Ward, Matthias. Lucas, Henry. Stuart, Charles. Martin, George. Wilkinson, Willm. Naswell, James. Tharpe, Perry. 31cGloughlin, Patrick. Williams, Lewis. McAuly, Edward. Wharton, Willm. Merryman, Wm. Winn, Webster. 3IcCristal1, Mich'. XTillson, Willm. Miller, John. -(faded out), Hugh. NcGill, James. Winkler, Joseph V. Mourey, Christian. -(faded out), Obediah. ?tIcGuire, Andrew. Phillips, Matthew. JOHXFIXLEY, Capt.

After the formation of the military organizations " 11%~Captain Jol~nFinleg's Conqany of the Betachmt already mentioned,-viz.: the Eighth Pennsylvania from the Pem. Line, i~z.the Sercice of the Uizifed Regiment, the company which joined Miles' rifle S;'afes of America, comnzanded by Lt Co1° Stephn regiment, and the two Virginia battalions raised by Baprd, for the mo~ztlzsof Feb., rlfarch, & April, Col. Crawford,-and the mzrch of a detachment of two 1753." hundred and forty Westmoreland County militia to Captains. Philadelphia, under command of John Proctor, in Brady, Samuel. Finley, John. January, 1777; no other troops were raised in the Lieutenants. Xonongahela country for regular service in the Rev- olutionary armies, though an independent company Xahon, John. Ward, John. was formed by Capt. Moorhead fbr special duty on Quartenlaaster-Sergeant. the frontier, and many men were afterwards raised Fletcher, Simon. for expeditions against the Indians during the con- Sergeants. tinuance of the war with Britain; but it seems to have been a fact beyond the possibility of denial that Font, Matthew. Sample, William. in the mean time the sentiment of patriotism which Cheselden, ESn-ard. Porter, Robert. at the commencement of the war was almost uni- Allison, John. versal among the people west of the Laurel Hill be- Fye-llrajor. came greatly diminished, if not entirely extinct, with Evans, Anthony. regard t:, a large proportion of the inhabitants of Corporab. this frontier region. The existence of this state of feeling, and n partial Davis, Willm. Swan, Timothy. reason for it, was noticed by Gen. Brodhaad, com- Adams, Robert. mandant at Fort Pitt, in a letter written by him on Do-uszmers. the 23d of September, 1780, in which he said, "The Xiller, John. Whitman, John. emigrations from this new country to Kentucky are F+r. incredible, and this has given opportunity to dis- Adarns, George. affected people from the interior to purchase and Privates. settle their lands." Again, on the '7th of December following, the same officer wrote to President Reed, Anderson, George. Colemnn, Joseph, died " I learn more and more of the disaffection of the in- Bannon, Jeremiah. June 11, 1783. habitants on this side of the mountains. The king of Branon, Michael. Crowley, Timothy. England's health is often drank in company." And Brothers, Matthew. Dimsey, Thomas. l~egave it as his opinion, gathered from the observa- Brown, John. Dolphin, James. tion of many of his officers, including Col. John Gib- , Cain, John. Evans, Arnold, deserted Callahan, John. June 27, 1783. 1 Tl~iscletaclment \\'as nccompanieJ on its march by Cd. Archibald Carenaugh, Barney. Evernll, Charles. Loch)., count). lieuteuant.

8 6 HISTORY OF FAYXTTE COUNTY, PESNSYLVANIA.

son, that "Should the enemy approach this frontier spirits for the use of the troops, and indicated pretty and offer protection, half the inhabitants would join plainly his preference for imported liquor over the them." Afterwards Gen. Irvine (\vIiosucceeded Brod- whisky of Xonongahela, viz. : " In oue of your for- head as commandant at the fort) wrote : "I am con!- mer letters you did me the honor to inform me that dent if this post was evacuated, the bounds of Canada his Escellency, the commander-in-chief, had de- would be extended to the Laurel Hill in a few manded of our State seven thousand gallons of rum, weeks." and now the commissioner of Westmoreland inforuis In the latter part of 1780, Crlpt. Uri:rh Springer (a me that he has verbal instructions to purchase that resident of that part of Westmoreland County which quantity of whisky on this side of the mountains. is now Fayette) was on duty mith his company, en- I liope me shall be furnished mith a few hundred gal- gaged in the collection of supplies in the Mononga- lons of liquor fit to be drank." hela Valley, at and in the ~icinityof Fort Burd,' and while on this service experienced great trouble from EXPEDITION OF COL. LOCHRT. the opposition and enmity of the people there, as is In 1780 the Indians beyond the Ohio had grown shonn by the following letter, written to him by the alarmingly hostile and aggressive. Incited to their commandant at Fort Pitt, riz.: bloody work by their British allies in the Korth- "I have this moment received your faror of yester- west, they were almost constantly on the war-path, day, and am sorry to find the people abost Redstone crossing the Ohio at various points, making ic- have intentions to raise in arms apinst you. I cursions into the frontier settle~nentseast of that believe with you that there are amongst them many rirer, and assunling, in general, an attitude so menac- disaffected, and conceive that their past and present ing to the white inhabitants west of the Laurel conduct mill justify your defending yourself by every Hill that it was regarded as absolutcly necessary means in your power. It may yet be doubtfu! whether to send out a strong espedition to meet and chastise these fellows will attempt anything against you, but them in their own country. Accordingly, with this if you find they are determined you will avoid, as object in view, in Febraary, 1781, Gen. Washing- much as your safety mill admit, in coming to action ton issued orders to Gen. George Rogers Clarke until you give me a further account, and you may (who had achieved considerable renown by his suc- depend upon your receiving succor of infkntry and cess in the command of an expedition against the artillery. I have signed your order for ammunition, British posts between the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers and hare the honor to be, etc. three years before) to raise an adequate force and proceed with it from Pittsburgh to the Falls of the Ohio at ~o;isrille ; thence to march to the Wabash, for the purpose indicated, and also to move, if practicable, At that time the oEcers commanding tlie few gaina at the British posts on and near Lake Erie. American troops west of the Alleghenies had great Clarke was a Virginia partisan, but, willing to en- difficulty in obtaining tlie supplies necessary fix the list Inen from Pennsylvania to make up his force, he subsistence of their men. On the 7th of December, ~t once entered into correspondence mith the Esecu- 1780, Gen. Brodhead said, in a letter of that date ad- tive Council of this State to obtain its consent to the dressed to Richard Peters, "For a long time past I project, which he secured on the recommendation of have had two parties, commanded by field-officers, iu Christopher Hays, of Westmoreland County. Under the country to impress cattle, but their success has this authority Clarke, on the 3d of June, 1781, ad- been so small that the troops have frequently been lressed the "Council of Officers" of Westmoreland without meat for several days together, and as those to secure their concurrence and assistance. The re- commands are very espensive, I hare now ordered sult was that the matter mas laid before the people of them in." He also said that the inhabitants on the Westmoreland County at a public meeting held for west side of the mountains could not furnish one-half the purpose on the 18th of June, which meeting and enough meat to supply tlie troops, and that he had its proceedings were reported as follows : sent a party of hunters to the Little Kanawha River to kill buffaloes, "and to lay in the meat until I can "Agreeable to a Publick notice given by Coll. detach a party to bring it in, which cannot be done Hays to the Principal Inhabitants of the County of before spring." In the letter to Peters, above quoted Westmoreland to meet at Capt John UcClellen's, on from, Brodhead made allusion to the furnishing of the lSt" Day of June, 1781. " And Whereas, There was a number of the Princi-

1 Fort Rurd (Bmsrille) was nsed as a sdepnt of supplies for sonlo pal people met on sd Day, and unanimously chose years dnring the Berolutimar~wir. and wi~sguarded, \\ll~ileso used, by John Proctor, John Pomroy, Charles Campbell, Sam'l detncl~mentsof niilitia detailed fur the purpose. Cd. James Pa1111scrved bloorhead, James Barr, Charles Foreman, Isaac Ma- tl~rrowith one of these gllnl.ding clrt;~cl~nlunts,under command of Cnpt. ren [Meason], James Smith, and Hugh Nartain a Rullert BTcGI:III$II~II,in 1775. CI~.EpI~r~illl I:li~i~w, dcplit). quartermaster-general uf the Cu~~tiue~rt:tlfurces, lired un the JIuuo~~gaI~cla,near Zommittee to Enter into resolves for the Defence of the fort. )ur frontiers, as they were informed by Christ Hays,

THE REVOLUTION. S7

~~q~,that their proceedings would be approvd of by Reed that he had left N7estmoreland with Capt. Council. I. Thomas Stokelg's company of Rangers and about lSL.Resolved, That a Campaign be carried on 5-ith fifty rolunteers, on his way to join Gen. Clarke at the Genl Clark. rendezvous at Fort Henry (now Wheeling). After 'L2d.ResoZred, That Genl Clark be furnished with his departure Locllry's force was augmented to about 300 men out of Pornroy7s, Beard's, and Davises Bat- one hundred and ten men, in four small companier-, talion. inciuding those of Capts. Thomas Stokely,Vohn "P.Resol~ed, That Coll. Archd Lochry gives Boyd, and Shearer (mentioned in some accounts as orders to sa Colls. to raise their quota by Volunteers Shannon), and a small body of horsemen under Cnpt. or Draught. Campbell. " PJ.Resolved, That £G be advanced to every vol- Gen. Clarke had had his headquarters at Fort luntier that marches under the command of Genl Henry for several weeks, and from this base he pros- Clark on the proposd Campaign. ecuted his recruiting (or rather drafting) in the " 5'". And for the further Incol~ragementof Trolun- Monongahelx Valley. This business he carried on tiers, that grain be raised by subscription by the Dif- with great rigor, and as it appears with very little ferent Companies. leniency towards ibose (and they were many) who " Gth". That Coll. Lochry concil with the Officers of were inclined to deny the jurisdiction of Virginia? Trirginia respecting the manner of Draughting those One of the many conlplaints made against his con- thnt associate in that State and others. duct in this particular rvss the follon-ing from Jamcs " P. Resolsed, That Coll. Lochry meet Genl Clark Marshal, lieutenant of Washington County, em- ad other officers and Coll. Crawford on the Sd bodied in a letter written by kiln to President Reed, Inst, to confer with then1 the day of 12endezvouse. Aug. 8, 1781, viz. : " Signd by ordr of Committee, " . . . As the manner in which the general and '' JOHXPROCTOR, Prest." his underlings hare treated the people of this and Westmoreland Counties has been so arbitrary and A meeting of militia officers had previously been unprecedented, I think it my duty to inform your held (June 5th) at the Yohoganin County court- Esceliency the particulars of a fern facts. The first house (near Heath's, on the west side of the Monon- instance was with one John Harden, in TtTestmore- gahela), at which a draft of one-fifth of the militia of land, who, wit11 a number of others, refused to be said county (which, according to the Virginia claim, drafted under the gorernment of Virginia, alleging illeluded the north half of \Vashington County, Pa., they were undoubtedly in Pennsylvania, and declared and all of Westmoreland as far south as the ce~itreof if that government ordered a draft they would obey the present county of Fayette) was made for the es- cl~erfully,and accordingly elected their officeh and pedition. The people, hon-ever, believing that the made returns thereof tc Col. Cook. After this the territory claimed by Virginia as Yohoganin County general, with a party of forty or fifty horsemen, came was really in the jurisdiction of Pe~xxyl~ania,denied to Harden's in quest of him to hang him, as the gen- the authority of the Virginia cfficers, and refused to eral himself declared; but not finding the old gen- submit to the draft until the. question of jurisdiction tlenlan took and tied his son, broke open his mill, fed was definitely settled. But the public notice given by away and destroyed upwards of one hundred and fifty Christopher Hays, as mentioned in the proccedings bushels of wheat, rye, and corn, killed his sheep and of the Westnloreland County meeting, as also his declaration to the people of Westmoreland and Wash- approl~ationof Council in our n~~derbkings,and for which I Leg 1e:n.e ington, that he held in his hands money from the Ex- to retnrn my most Ilun~blcTl~anks. ecutive Council to be expended for the protection of "I an1 11ow on my BTuwh with Capt. Stokelg's Conqmy of Rangers the frontier, had the effect to quiet to a great extent, and about Fifty Vuli~~~ter~sfrom this Connty. We sl~nlljoin GCII.Clwk at Fort Henry ou tl~eOhio R~vel;\\-here IIis Arnry hw 18s for some though not entirely to allay, the dissntisfaction, and \veClispast, ns it \us most Espcdie~~tto llare the Bo~~tstllerc, tl~e\V:itrr the work of raising men in the two Pennsylvania being t?reper fro111 that to \~llrrehe intends going tlrm hnr I.'o~tPitt counties (or, as Gen. Clarke expressed it, in Yoho- there. I cspected to have n nnn~Larmore Vuluntrels, brt rhey hare by some Insinuations lleen l~iwlereclfrom going. Our Ikingcrs hare b~m gania, Monongahela, and Ohio Counties, Va.) was very ill supplyed wit11 P~.ovisiuus,asthere 11;sbeen no possibility of Pro- allowed to proceed, though not n.ithou~strong protest. curing Meat, p;~rtic~rl:~rlg:IS ow Money has not Leeu ir~the best Credit. The commander (under Gen. Clarke) of the mcn Wehave gene~.;~llg11;rd Floor, bnt :IS I 11:we kept the men constgntly Scouting it is 11;rrdfor tllmn to be without Neat. . . !'-Pa. Arch., 1781- raised in Westmoreland was Col. Archibakl Lnchry, 93, p. 83. lieutenant and prothonotary of the county. On the 2 CII~K.Thomas Stol;ely was a resident of that p:rrt of Wcstmort.l:rnd 4th of August1 he reported by letter to President wliicl~I~ld ~IIPII recently been erwted into Waslriogton Conntr. Tho greater pnrt of lris men, Ilu\vcver, were from the east side of the Uonun- At the time of his departure Col. Lochry wrote President Reed as gal~ela. follo\vs: , 3 hIany of those people who had lrecn willing and anxious for tho " MIR.%ILES'BIILT.. WE~TX~R~LASD Cousrr, establist~nlcntof T.irgi11iil.s CIH~III,so that they might pnrcllase their 'L.lngust 4t11,lMl. lauds from her at one-tenth lairt of t11e price den~:rudedIg the Pennzgl- "Ilosorn~nSln,-Testerday the Esprrss arrived with row Escell- wnia Laud Officr, \wre now' qniteas ready to deny her right to dtmand ~UCY'SLetten, which does singular LIouour to our County to hare the military service from them.

SS IIISTORT OF F-ATETTE COUNTY, PENXSL'LVASI-1.

hogs, and li& away at Mr. Harden's espense in Col. Lochry, mith his force, increased to about one that manner for t~soor three days ; declared his estate hundred and ten men, proceeded to the rendezvous at forfeited, but graciously gave it to his wife; formed Fort Hcnrp, as before mentioned, expecting there to an article in which he bound all the inhabitants he join Gen. Clarke; but on arriving there he found could lay hands on or by any means prevail upon that the general had gone down the river the day be- to come in to him ; under the penalty of ten months fore, leaving Major Crayeroft with a few men and a in the regular army, not to oppose the clraft." boat for tlie transportation of the horses, but without President Reed, in his reply1 to Col. JIarshal's either provisions or ammunition, of which they had complaint, said,- but a rery insufficient supply. Clarke had, however, " . . . But while we utterly disapprove the irreg- promised to await their arrival at the mouth of the ularities and hardships wllich lmvc been esercised Kanawlia; but on reaching that point they found by him [Gen. Clarke] towards the inhabitants, we that he had been obliged, in order to prevent desertion cannot help fearing that too many, in consequence of among his men, to proceed down the rirer, leal-ing the unsettled state of boundaries, arail tllemselres of only a letter affixed to a poledirecting them to follow. a pretense to withhold their scrsices from the publick Their provisions and forage mere nearly exhausted ; at a time when they are most wanted, and ~vllcn an there was no source of supply but the stores conveyed exertion would not only serx-e the country, but pro- by Clarke ; the river was very low, and as they were mote their own security. We cannot hel_~also ob- unacquainted ~viththe channel, they could not hope to serving that, by letters received from the principal overtake the main body. Under these embarrassing gentlemen in Westmoreland, it seem evident they circun~stancesCol. Lochry dispatched Capt. Shearer approve of Gen. Clarke's expedition, and that the with four men in a small boat, with the hope of over- lieutenants of both States united in the plan of raising taking Gen. Clarke and of securing snpplies, leaving three hundred men for that service. As the state of his (Shearer's) compazj- under command of Lieut. p:tblick affairs had not admitted your forming the Isaac Al~derson. Before Shearer's party had pro- militia sufficiently to concur in these measures, we ceeded kr they mere taken prisoners by Indians, ~vho concludecl that these resolutions would also include also took from thern 3 letter to Gen. Clarke, informing Four county, and eren now are at a 102s to account him of the condition of Locliry's party. f'or the different opinions entertained on the point by About the same tine Lochry captured a party of the people of Westmoreland and Washington Coun- nineteen cleserters from Clarkc's force. These he ties." afterwards released, and they in~inecliatelyjoined the In a letter by Christopher Hays, of Westmoreland, Indims. Tlle savages had before been apprised of and Thoinas Scott, of Washington County, to Presi- the expedition, but they had supposed that tlie forces dent Reed, dated " Westmoreland, Sugust l5,liS1," of Clarke and Lochry rvsre together, and as they bncm they said, . . . The truth of the matter is, the that Clarke had artillery, they had not attempted an General's Expedition has been \viJled v\ ell, and rol- attack. But now, by the capture of Shearer's party, unteers to the serrice hare been Inccuraged by all with the letters, and by the intelligcnce brought to with whom we corispond; but we hare heartily repro- them by t!le deserters, they for the first time lenrned bated the General's Standing over these two counties of the weakness and esposed situatio~lof L.~ebry'scom- with armed force, in order to dragoon the Inhabitants mand, and they at once dctcrminecl on its destruction. into obedience to a draft under the lams of Virginia, Collecting in force some miles below tlie mouth or rather nnder the arbitr,~ryorders of the officers of of the Great JXianli River, they placed their prison- that Government, without any orders from Virginia ers (Shearer's party) iil a conspicuous position on the f'or that purpose, and this is really the part the Gen- north shore of the Ohio, near the head of Locliry's eral hath acted, or rather the use which has been Island, with the promise to them that their liws made of him in this country." should be spared if they would hail Lochry's Inen as "With respect to Gen. Clarke's Proceedings," said they came down and induce thern to land. But in President Reed, in his reply to the above, "we can the mean time, Col. Lochry, wearied by the slow only say that he has no authority from us to draft progress made, and in despair of orertaking Clarke, Militia, much less to exercise those acts of Distress landcd on the 34th of August, at about ten o'clock in which you hare hinted at, and which 'other letters the morning, on the same shore, at an inlet which more particnkr!,~ enumerate. His Expedition ap- has since borne the name of Lochry's Creek,' a short pears to us fiavorable for the Frontiers, as carrying distance above the place where the Indians were await- Hostilities into the Indian Country. rather than rest- ing them. At this point the horses were taken on shore ing tota!ly on the defensive. U7e find the (;entlemen and turned loose to feed. One of the men had killed of Wedinoreland, however different in other Things, a buffalo, and all, except a few set to guard the to have agreed in Opinion that his Experlition de- served encouragement. . . " This creel; en~ptirsinto the Ohio. nine or ten nliles below tl~emoiith . ,f tlie 3li;lnii. Locl~ry'sIsland, near tlie head of w11icl1 the prisvners were placed by tho 1ndi:lns to decoy their frieuds on rl~ore,is three miles 1 Pa. AIC!~,n. 2G;-GS. below the creek.

THE REVOLUTION.

-- - -- horses, xere engaged around the fires which they prisoners in the hands of the Americans. In the ]lad kindled in preparing a meal from it. Suddenly spring of 1783 they sailed from Quebec to Kew york, a volley blazed forth on then1 from z .irooded bluff? arid from there returned home by way of Philadel- and simultaneously a large force of Indians appeared phia, having been absent tn-enty-two months. But and rushed to attack them. The nien, tkus surprised, more than one-half of those who went down the seized their arms and bravely defended themsclres as Ohio with Col. Lochry never again saw their homes long as their ammunitiun lasted. Then they attempted in the Monongallela and Yougliiogheny Valleys. to escape by their boats, but these were unwieldy, the Besicies the command of Col. Locfiry, there also water was rery lorn, and the party, too much weakened vent out in Clarke's expedition another company of to avail thenlselves of this method of escape, and men raised in Weatmoreland County in being wholly unable to make further resistance, sur- that part which is now Fayette), under command of rendered to the savages, who at once proceeded to the Capt. Benjamin TVhaley,3 the company being largely work of massacre. They killed Col. Lochry and sev- recruited by Lieut. (afterwards colonel) James Paull. eral others of the prisoners, but were restrained from This force embarked in fl:~t-boatson the Mononga- further butchery by the timely arrival of their chief,' helz, at Eliz3bethtown7 and being joined at Pitts- n-110 declared that he disapproved of tlieir conduct, burgh by Capt. Isaac Craig's artillery, proceeded wit11 but said he was unable wholly to control his men, other troops down the river to the appointed rendez- who were eager to revenge the acts of Col. Brodhead vous at the Falls of the O!lio, arriving there late in against the 111dianson the Muskingun1 a few months the month of August. But the other forces failing to before. assemble at that point the expedition was abandoned, The party which Col. Lochry surrendered to tlie and @.~pts.TVhaley and Craig, with their comiuands, Indians consisted of but sixty-four men, forty-two returned on foot through the wilderness of Kentucky having been killed. The Indians engaged numbered and TTirginia7 encountering innumerable perils and over three liundred of various tribes, but principdly hardships, and being more than two months on the those of the Six Xations. They divided the plunder hornen-ard journey. Their arrival, as also the terrible among them in proportion to the numbers of each disaster to Col. Lochry's command, was announced by tribe engaged. On the next day the prisoners nere Gen. Irvine (rvho. had in the.mean time succeeded marched to the Delaware towns, where they were Col. Bradhead in the command of the Western De- met by a party of British and Indians, who said they partment) in a letter to Gen. TSTashington,dated Fort mere on their way to the Falls of the Ohio to attack Pitt, Dec. 2, 1781, as follows: LC Capt. Craig, with the detachment of artillery, Gen. Clarke. The prisoners uere separated and . . . taken to different piaces of captivity at the Indian returned here on the 26th inst. [ult?] . . . A Col. towns, and there they remained (excepting a fen- who Lochry, of Westmoreland Couuty, Pa., with about one escaped) until the close of the Rerolutionar~strug- liundred men in all, conlposed of volunteers and a. gle. After the preliminary articles of peace had been company raised by Pennsylvania for the defense of signed (NOT.30, 1782) they were ransomed by the that conuty, started to join Gen. Clarke, who, it is I British officers in commancl of the Korthern posts said, ordered him to unite with him (Clarke) at the I j and were sent to Canada,'to be exchanged for British mouth of the Miami, up which river it mas previoudy 1 designed to proceed ; but the general, haring changed 1 It has been stated that the chief in conlmand of this 1wIi;rn party his plan, left a small party at the Niami, with direc- rras the fanlous Capt. Brant, and that 11e aftrr\\-a~dsprofessed mw11 re- prt for the massncre of Loclxy and his ken. tions to Locl~ryto follow him to the mouth of the The folIo\ving n~en~orialof escnped prisoners belonging to Col. Loch- q'a con~~iiandwas presented to tl~eStrprenle Esecutive CouncJ, ad- A similar petition was presented to Conncil Jan. 6,1783, by prisoners dr~sscdto Prcsidmt Moore (:md indorsed July 3, I'iSL'), viz.: from Loc11~'sconrn~and, tl~en setonling (not escaped) from Canada, as "SIR,-W~, the subscribers, Inl~abitantsof the Connty of Westmore- follo\\~s: land, beg Icaw to represent to your Excellenc~and~ollncil that we had "We, the Snbscril~ers,v;onld beg leave to reprrsent the Situatio~rof the misfortune to be made prisoners of 11). the Indians on the 24th of Henery Dutigan, Sergt of Captn John Boyd's Company, and Robert Wat- Aogust last and carried to Montreal, and there kept in close confine- on, Jol~nBIar~r, and BIicll. IIirre, of C~pt.Tl~os. Btukrly's Cornp'~-of ment till the PGth of iby last. when \ve were so fortunate a. to nlalie Itangers of this St:ite, that they Imve bcen Cnl~tnrrdID? the Snr;rges in uur escape, and after a long and fatigneing rn;wch through the Wiltlcr- tltc Snnimer of Eighty-one, and are now on their letnrn from Ca~mda, ness we got to this City yesterday at three o'Clock. -4s weaw at prrseut 11eingDestitute of JIoney. and :dlmost Clo:itl~ing,1vo111~1 Leg that Conn- destitute of kt11 nlouey and dlo;~rl~cs,witl~ont which lve cannot go cil xoold take their Sitnation under bnsideration,and grsrnt tl~emsuch l~unlc,We pra~yonr Esc'y and Council to take our case into Considera- supply's as they in their wisdom shall think necessary." 1io11,iindorder us our lay frun~the time \ve were mule pri-onws to (Signed) "JOHNBOTD, this. We were under the conmnnd of Colo. Lougl~~r?VIIPII talien, :~nd " Cuy1.n qf Rangers S. P. hare a list of all tl~ose,both officers and priratea, who aro now lwisoners '' TIIOJ~JSSTOKELY, of tliat party, which, together wit11 sucli infornx~tionas is in onrpnrer, " &pt. of Itn11ger8S. P." rve are ready to give for tlie s;rtisfwtion of your Esc'y and Cunucil. -Peizm. Arch., 1X1-83, pp. 733-34. "We have the IIunour to bp Among the priwners krkon from Lochrj's command by tlie Indians " Your Excellency's IILlo ServtS were 3Ielclioir Bekrr, Rubr*rt Bro~rnfield(firther of Basil Bron-nfield), '' ISIACASDERSOS, both of Fayettr Connty ; also Dennis JIcCarty, well kuown in Union- " Lieut. Capt. Slieemr's Q,?npry Rnilp-s. town for yeam as the veternn carrier of the Genius of Liberfy. " RICIIARD\V.~I,IAC$ 3 Fatl~erof Capt. James Wl~i~ley,ofFayette County,whows an officer "Late Q~tnrleriirnefcrlo Colurtcl Lochiy." in scrvicc iu tbe war of 181'7-15.

HISTORY- OF FATETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Falls. Sundry accounts agree that this party, and all league with the whites, and on this plea had visitec of Lochry7stroops to a man, were waylaid by the In- their tomns, broken them up, driven the people awa: 'dians and British (for it is said they had artillery), to Sandusky, and carried the white Moravian mis and all killed or taken, not a man escaping, either to sionaries residing among them, prisoners to Detroit. join Gen. Clarke or to return home. When Capt. On his arrival at the towns, Williamson founc Craig left the general he would not be persnaded but them deserted, escept by a small party of the Mora that Lochry with his party had returned home. These vians, who had been driven away, but who had beel misfortunes throw the people of this county into the allowed by their captors to return for the purpose o greatest consternation, and almost despair, particularly gathering some corn. . which had been left standing i~ Westmoreland County ; Lochry's party being all the the fields near the villages. This party he took pris best men of their frontier. At the present they talk onei-s and marched them to Fort Pitt, where, howevel of flying early in the spring to the eastern side of the they were soon after set at liberty by Gen. Ircine, th' mountains, and are daily flocking to me to inquire conlmaudant. what support they may expect." The second espedition led by Col. Williamsoi against the Moravian settlements was made up, on th frontier in the latter part of February, and completet its bloody work in March, 1752. It was composec CHAPTER XI. of volunteers (mostly mounted) from ihe countr! west of the Monongahela,' but no lists of their name or places of residence have been preserved, a fac \\~illiauison's Espedition-Cra\vfor(l's Sanduskg Expedition. mhich is not strange in view of the odium which ha: THE unsu~cessfulcampaign of Gen. Clarke down justly attached to the espedition and its barbarou: the Ohio n-as followed by tn-o expeditions sent from work during the cectury mhich has followed its ese Western Pennsylvania against some settlements or cution. \-illages on the Muskingum occupied by Indian con- In the. minter of 1781-82 about one hundred anc verts, usually knowil as the JIoravian Indians. fifty of the Xoravian Indians (including many womer Both these expeditions T\-ere under command of and children), who had been driven away from thei. Col. David Williamson, of Washington County, and towns in the prececling autumn, were permitted'b; were made up of volunteers from the region betn-een the Wyandot chiefs to return to them to secure thc the BIonongahela ancl Ohio Rivers. It is not known corn mhich was still left in the fields there, and tc or beliered that any men from what is now Fagette make preparations for a new crop. The kind manne: County served in these campaigns under Williamson, in which Gen. Irrine had treated their people whc and they are only noticed here because they were had been carried as prisoners to Fort Pitt the prerion! connected in some degree with Col. Cran-ford's Indian fall had reassured them, so that they came back tc campaign, which immediately followed them, and of the villages without muck fear of violence from thc which a more estendecl narratire will be given. whites east of the Ohio. TVillimnson's first expedition, consisting of be- The weather in the month of February had bee1 t~yeenseventy-fire and one hundred men, went out remarkably fine, so that war-parties of Indians fron late in the fall of 1781. The reason for this move- Sandusky Bacl been able to move earlier than usual ment against the peaceable AIoravian Indians was and had committed mally depredations in the whit( that many of the frontiersmen believed, or professed settlements. . As these inroads had occurred so earlj to belieye, that they (the Xorarians) were secretly in in the season it was generally believed by the settler; league with the warlike savages who lived farther to that the hostile parties had not come all the way from the west; that eyen if they did not take active part the Sandusky towns, but that the outrages were eithei in the frequent raids and butcheries, they did at least committed By Moravians or by hostile Indians fron give shelter, subsistence, and information to the the x~-estwho had been sheltered by them, and hat Shawanese and Wyandot warriors, and some even beliered that the 3Iora~iansthemselves mingled with 1 Stone, iu his "Life of Bmt," ii. 220, says, "A hand of betweel the war-parties and wielded the knife and tomahawk. one an6 two llundred men frm~the settlemerits of the Monongalrcl: turned out in quest of the niaranders [those \!-11o had comn~ittedntraci T~illiamson,in this espedition, dicl not intend to ties on the froutier east of the Ol~io,and part of whom were suppose, use fire and sword, but to induce the Indians of the to be the Jlor;tviansj, tl~intingfor wngeance, nnder the conlnland o Jloravian towns to ren~o\-efarther from the Ohio, or, Cul. Diwid IYillinmson." On page 142 of "Contribntions to Americau History,"publislied b! if he failed to accomplish this, to take them all as pris- the Historical Society of Pennsslrania, is fouud the f~llo\~ing:&'Ir oners to Fort Pitt. IVith tllis intention he inored his JIiirch, 1i8Z one hondred and sixty militiamen living upon the Bionon force rapidly towards their towns on the Muskingum. n;;il~eln,set off on horseback to the Blusl;ingum, in order to destroy thre~ But in the mean time he had been forestalled in his doravian Indian setttements." Col. Wliittlesey, in the '' American Pioneer:' vol. ii, p. 425, sws, They projected work by a large party of the hostile In- rerc principally from the Xonongahela rrgion, and appointed William- dians, rho charged the Uora~ianswith being in on to the comn~a~:d."

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