DOCSLIB.ORG

TPS Eastern Region Waynesburg University Barb Kirby, Director

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TPS Eastern Region Waynesburg University Barb Kirby, Director TPS Eastern Region Waynesburg University Barb Kirby, Director Whiskey Rebellion Primary Source Set June 2018 Note: Transcripts for newspaper clippings appear on the page following the image. Click on title to view Primary Source The Excise Tax Excise Tax Act 1791 2 Alexander Hamilton on the Tax 1791 4 Albert Gallatin’s Petition Against the Tax 1792 6 1792 Meeting in Pittsburgh to Protest the Tax 7 The Rebels Protests Raising the Liberty Pole 9 Fort Gaddis Liberty Pole 10 Tarring and Feathering 11 Burning Cabin 12 Tom the Tinker Notice 13 Parkinson’s Ferry Meeting 15 Postal Theft and meeting in Braddock’s Field 17 Counsel Before the Attack at General Neville’s House 19 The Federal Reaction The Terrible Night (Image) 20 The Dreadful Night Text) 21 Washington’s Proclamation 22 Washington Calls Out the Militia 24 U.S. vs Vigol Trial 25 Vegol and Mitchell Sentencing 27 President Washington Pardons Vigol and Mitchell 29 Bradford Wanted Poster 30 President Adams Pardons David Bradford 32 2 Excise Tax 1791 A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875 1st Congress, 3rd Session p. 199 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=322 3 Excise Tax 1791 (continued) A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774 – 1875 1st Congress, 3rd Session p. 203 http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=llsl&fileName=001/llsl001.db&recNum=322 4 Alexander Hamilton And The Whiskey Tax Simon, Steve. Alexander Hamilton and the Whiskey Tax. Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, U.S. Department of Treasury. https://www.ttb.gov/public_info/special_feature.shtml The Distilled Spirits Tax of 1791 (Excerpts) It has been said, "If George Washington was the father of the country and James Madison of the Constitution, then Alexander Hamilton was surely the father of the federal government." As the first Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton acted to fund the new American Government, repay its debt, and assert its supremacy over the States. In doing so, he helped establish the strong Federal system we know today. After the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1789, President George Washington appointed Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury. Of course, a strong Government requires money to operate, and that comes from taxes. Hamilton's assignment as Secretary of the Treasury was to put the new Government on a secure financial footing. This was a huge responsibility, because the Government was in debt from its first day. The new Constitution required the Federal Government to assume the National debt—incurred to finance the Revolutionary War. Under the Constitution, Congress has the power to levy taxes. The first U.S. customs duties were already law when Hamilton took office. In his first report to Congress, in January 1790, he proposed to increase the duty on imported distilled spirits and to impose a new excise tax on domestic distilled spirits (i.e., whisky ).Both proposals were enacted by Congress and approved by President Washington in 1791. Hamilton had a predisposition toward taxing alcohol beverages. In Federalist 12, he had stated: The single article of ardent spirits, under Federal regulation, might be made to furnish a considerable revenue. Upon a ratio to the importation into this State [i.e., New York], the whole quantity imported into the United States may be estimated at four millions of Gallons; which at a shilling per gallon would produce two hundred thousand pounds. That article would well bear this rate of duty; and if it should tend to diminish the consumption of it, such an effect would be equally favorable to the agriculture, to the economy, to the morals and to the health of the society. There is perhaps nothing so much a subject of national extravagance, as these spirits. In addition to revenue and social manipulation, Hamilton had a third reason to favor a whisky tax: It could be a means of augmenting Federal power. According to Hamilton's recent biographer, Ron Chernow, "Hamilton confessed to Washington an ulterior political motive for this liquor tax: he wanted to lay ‘hold of so valuable a resource of revenue before it was generally preoccupied by the state governments.' … [H]e wanted to starve the states of revenue and shore up the federal government." 5 In proposing his whisky tax, Hamilton walked a tightrope. To get the tax enacted, he had to show that it was not burdensome, and even possibly beneficial to people. But to get the tax collected, he had to give it some teeth. One means of providing teeth was "taxation at the source," meaning the Government collects the tax from the producer, not the ultimate consumer. This concept is still used in the collection of Federal alcohol excise taxes today. Theoretically, the producer will pass the tax burden along to the consumer in the price of the product. But in the late 18th century, it seemed to some producers that Hamilton's whisky tax imposed costs that they couldn't pass along. These producers, generally small farmers on the young Nation's western frontier in the Appalachian Mountains, often distilled whisky from their surplus corn crop. This whisky was then often used as a form of currency on the cash-strapped frontier. These frontier distillers quickly came to believe that the new Federal Government was taxing them in a discriminatory way. The tax on whisky distilled in a city, town, or village was based on the quantity distilled. Since the retail price of whisky in the West was about half what it was in the East, the effective tax rate in the West was twice as high, computed as a percentage of the price. Further, stills located outside of a city, town, or village were taxed on their capacity, regardless of whether they actually produced that much. Large distillers (located primarily in the East) could defer their tax payment if they posted a bond, but small (mostly western) distillers had to pay immediately, before removal of their product from the distillery. These and other features of the law made the whisky tax so unfair to the western farmer-distillers that some Hamilton critics have suggested that he intended to provoke opposition, giving the Federal Government a chance to show its strength. 6 Petition against the Excise Tax By Inhabitants of Western Pennsylvania [Penned by Albert Gallatin], 1792 Credit: Henry Adams, The Writings of Albert Gallatin (Philadelphia, 1879), I, 2-4. A digital version of this primary source may be viewed at the Pennsylvania Historical and Museum website. http://explorepahistory.com/odocument.php?docId=1-4-16D 7 1792 Meeting in Pittsburgh in opposition to the Excise Tax Gazette of the United-States., September 05, 1792, Page 111, Image 3 Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 05 Sept. 1792. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030483/1792- 09- 05/ed-1/seq-3/> 8 Transcript: 1792 Meeting in Pittsburgh in opposition to the Excise Tax Gazette of the United-States., September 05, 1792, Page 111, Image 3 Gazette of the United-States. (New-York [N.Y.]), 05 Sept. 1792. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers. Lib. of Congress. <http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030483/1792-09-05/ed-1/seq-3/> At a Meeting of sundry Inhabitants of the Western Counties of Pennsylvania, held at Pittsburgh, August 22, 1792, The following report of a Committee was unanimously adopted, viz.— Strongly impressed with a sense of the fatal consequences that must attend an Excise, convinced that a tax upon liquors which are the common drink of a nation operates in proportion to the number and not to the wealth of the people, and of course is unjust in itself, and oppressive upon the poor: taught by the experience of other countries that internal taxes upon consumption, from their very nature, never can effectually be carried into operation, without vesting the officers appointed to collect them with powers most dangerous to the civil rights of freemen, and must in the end destroy the liberties of every country in which they are introduced; feeling that the late Excise Law of Congress, from the present circumstances of our agriculture, our want of markets, and the scarcity of a circulating medium, will bring immediate distress and ruin on the Western Country. WE think it our duty to persist in our remonstrances to Congress, and in every other legal measure that may obstruct the operation of the law, until we are able to obtain its total repeal. Therefore resolved, That David Bradford, James Marshal, Albert Gallatin, Peter Lisle, and David Philips, be appointed for the purpose of drawing a remonstrance to Congress stating our objections against the law that imposes a duty upon spirituous liquors distilled within the United States, and praying for a repeal of the same, and that the Chairman of the meeting be directed to sign the same in the name of the meeting, and to take proper measures to have it presented to Congress at their next session. Resolved, That in order that our measures may be carried on with regularity and concert, that Wm. Wallace, [here follows 20 other names] be respectively appointed committees of correspondence for the counties of Washington, Fayette and Allegheny, ad that it shall be their duty to correspond together and with such committee as shall be appointed for the same purpose in the county of Westmoreland, or with any committees of a similar nature that may be appointed in other parts of the United States, and also, if found necessary, to call together either general meetings of the people in their respective counties, or conferences of several committees.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • S4292 Thomas Gaddis
    Southern Campaigns American Revolution Pension Statements and Rosters Pension Application of Thomas Gaddis S4292 VA PA Transcribed and annotated by C. Leon Harris. Revised 20 Apr 2016. The State of Ohio Clinton County Sct On this 15th day of October 1832 personally appeared before Jesse Hughes one of the associate Judges of the Court of Common Pleas in and for Clinton County Ohio at his residence in said County Colonel Thomas Gaddis who being by me first duly sworn according to law doth on his oath make the following declaration in order to obtain the benefit of the act of Congress passed June the 7th 1832 That he has no record of his age but from information upon which he can rely believes that he was born on the 28th day of December 1742 in Frederick County in the State of Virginia and is now about 90 years of age That he entered the service of the United States in the Militia of Virginia under the following circumstances and served as hereinafter stated towit That having removed into the Frontier County of Monongahela [sic: Monongalia] in said state he was appointed and duly commissioned as a Captain of that County by the Committee of Safety of said State on the 23d day of August 1776 which is herewith forwarded marked No 1 under which appointment and by order of said Committee he immediately entered the service aforesaid and by the 9th of September following raised a company of Militia and proceeded to build what was afterwards known as Fort Liberty in said County [2 mi S of present Uniontown now in Pennsylvania] whose said company continued under his command until the 1st day of January 1777 as will also appear by the Roll, General orders and copy of the pay Roll of said Company herewith forwarded marked Nos.
    [Show full text]
  • THE Whiskey Insurrection of 1794 Long Has Been Regarded As One of the Decisive Events in Early American History
    THE WHISKEY INSURRECTION: A RE-EVALUATION By JACOB E. COOKE* THE Whiskey Insurrection of 1794 long has been regarded as one of the decisive events in early American history. But on the question of why it was significant there has been a century and a half of disagreement. Fortunately for the historian, how- ever, there have not been many interpretations; indeed, there have been only two. And, as anyone would guess, these have been the Federalist and the anti-Federalist, the Hamiltonian and the Jeffersonian. It is not the purpose of this paper to describe the fluctuating historical reputations of Jefferson and Hamilton; at one period of time (say, *the Jacksonian era) Jefferson was in the ascendancy; at another time (say, the post-Civil War period) Hamilton crowded Jefferson out of the American historical hall of fame. But for the past half-century and longer, the interpretation that our historians have given to the American past has been predi- cated on a Jeffersonian bias, and the Whiskey Insurrection is no exception. The generally accepted interpretation of the Whiskey Insur- rection reads something like this: In March, 1791, under the prodding of Alexander Hamilton and against the opposition of the Westerners and some Southerners, Congress levied an excise tax on whiskey. This measure was an integral part of Hamilton's financial plan, a plan which was designed to soak the farmer and to spare the rich. There was sporadic opposition to the excise in several parts of the country, but the seat of opposition was in the four western counties of Pennsylvania.
    [Show full text]
  • UNION and SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 669 - - - - in the " Pap Schools" of Ireland
    Digital Scan by Fay-West.com. All Rights Reserved. ' NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 669 - - - - in the " pap schools" of Ireland. At an early age he she dying about' five years before her husband. They learned the carpenter's trade in all its branches. had eight children,--Catharine and William died When twenty-two years of age he emigrated to young; Jacob married Caroline Gaddis, and is a America. He stopped in Philadelphia for a short farmer ; Albert Gallatin graduated at Jefferson Col- lege, read law, and pacticed in Jonesboro7, Tenn. ; he was also editor of the Jonesboro' Union, and is now dead. Margaret married L. B. Bowie; Thomas Baird, who attended Emory and Henry College, near Ab- ingdon, Va., read law and graduated from the Leb- anon Law Schoolof Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and practiced in Tennessee, Missouri, and at Pittsburgh, Pa., for several years. He is now en- gaged in farming. .Hugh died when eighteen years of age; Jennie G. married William Thorndell, de- ceased. Mr. Graham held several important township offi- ces; was also director of the Poor Board. In all public positions he discharged his duties well. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church for a number of years. Although his early opportunities for education were limited, he by care- ful study during his spare moments stored his mind with a vast fund of useful knowledge. He possessed a retentive memory, and having once learned a fact he was able to repeat and detail it with the ease and grace of the true gentleman.
    [Show full text]
  • The Whiskey Rebellion and a Fractured Early Republic
    Utah State University DigitalCommons@USU All Graduate Plan B and other Reports Graduate Studies 12-2013 A Nation That Wasn't: The Whiskey Rebellion and a Fractured Early Republic Kevin P. Whitaker Utah State University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Whitaker, Kevin P., "A Nation That Wasn't: The Whiskey Rebellion and a Fractured Early Republic" (2013). All Graduate Plan B and other Reports. 345. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/345 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Graduate Plan B and other Reports by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A NATION THAT WASN'T: THE WHISKEY REBELLION AND A FRACTURED EARLY REPUBLIC by Kevin P. Whitaker A plan-B thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS in History Approved: ________________________ ________________________ Kyle T. Bulthuis Keri Holt Major Professor Committee Member __________________________ James E. Sanders Committee Member UTAH STATE UNIVERSITY Logan, UT 2013 1 Scholars often present nationalism as a cohesive social construction, modeled on Benedict Anderson's theory of imagined communities.1 The strength and popularity of Anderson's immensely useful paradigm of nationalism, however, perhaps leads to excited scholars over-extending his theory or seeing imagined communities that are little more than imaginary. The early Republic forms one such historical time period where, evidence suggests, historians have conjured nationalism where only a fractured nation existed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Whiskey Rebellion, Popular Rights and the Meaning of the First Amendment
    Index The Whiskey Rebellion, Popular Rights and the Meaning of the First Amendment Thomas Gaddis House 1769 Library of Congress https://www.loc.gov/item/pa1916/ If These Monuments Could Talk Setting the Stage: What is a Monument? 1. The Excise Tax 2. The Spark 3. The Rebellion 4. The Reaction 5. Winners and Losers? What is a Monument? Albert Gallatin Surveying Statue Friendship Hill National Historic Site https://www.nps.gov/fr hi/learn/education/cla ssrooms/field-trip-self- guided.htm Monument Definition 1 : something that serves as a memorial; especially : a building, pillar, stone, or statue honoring a person or event 2 : a work, saying, or deed that lasts or that is worth preserving <the book is a monument of scholarship> 3 : a boundary marker (as a stone) 4 : a place of historic interest or natural beauty set aside and maintained by the government as public property Miriam-Webster Student Dictionary http://www.wordcentral.com/cgi- bin/student?book=Student&va=monument A Folk Song: Copper Kettle Written by Albert Frank Beddoe Sung by Joan Baez 1962 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gl MQXjy46J8 A Print or Painting J. Howard Iams, Artist-Historian ◆ Tarring and Feathering ● Outraged farmers considered tarring and feathering a form of protest ● First recorded incident: September 6, 1791 ○ Near Mingo Creek ○ Robert Johnson, Deputy Tax Collector for Allegheny and Washington Counties A Print or Painting J. Howard Iams, Artist-Historian ◆ Tarring and Feathering ◆ Black Horse Tavern ◆ Miller House ◆ Colonel Presley Neville House ◆ The David Bradford House (r) ◆ The Burning Cabin ◆ The Terrible Night Gravestone Inscription: Here lies the body of Captain James McFarlane of Washington, PA.
    [Show full text]
  • Greene County, Pennsylvania
    BI mII m m [I] Public Library I of m Steubenville & Jefferson County W Ohio m m Donated W REVA ASHCRAFT m ~~1999 m PUBLIC LIBRARY OF STEUB. & JEFFERSON CO. 3 2157 00310 5640 PIONEER HISTORY OF GREENE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA L. K. EVANS Waynesburg Republican Waynesburg, Pa. April 3, 1941 .SCH. 97k REPRINTED BY GREENE COUNTY HISTORICAL SOCIETY WAYNESBURG, PA. 1969 McCLAIN PRINTING COMPANY PARSONS, W. VA. iAN 1999 FOREWORD This series of articles is reprinted from the files of the Waynesburg Republican of 1875 and 1876. L. K. Evans, a native of Monongahela Township, was editor of the Republican during the Civil War and for several years following. These articles have always been regarded as con- taining the most authentic as well as the most interesting account of pioneer history of Greene County. .j. .I First Settlement West of Blue Ridge Editor Republican: In a former paid her passage fare across the seas, issue of your paper I proposed from she donned the male attire, and with time to time to publish scraps of the moccasins and hunting shirt, delved pioneer history of our county and into the unexplored forest for the vicinity. In order to introduce these purpose of making improvements and articles I shall give an incident that thereby possess herself of the lands. occurred during the progress of im- Thirty cabins were erected by her migration westward from the eastern own daring, diligent, solitary hands, shore of Virginia. which entitled her to as many hun- Near 150 years ago John Lewis im- dred-acre farms, when years after- migrated from Great Britain to Vir- ward, the accounts of the settlers of ginia, and settled on a creek bearing the Burden grant was made up.
    [Show full text]
  • The Whiskey Rebellion
    Page 20 Chapter 5 The Whiskey Rebellion tax on whiskey? To Alexander Hamilton and the Federalists in the east, it seemed to be a good idea. Hamilton believed that industries that could bear the burden should pay taxes. To the average American family, which drank six gallons of whiskey a year, such a tax would cost about A$1.50 annually. But to farmers in western Pennsylvania, Virginia, and the Carolinas, this was considered a tax on one of life’s necessities. In the west, whiskey was used freely at weddings to toast the bride and at funerals to mourn the dead. Whiskey was believed to warm the body in winter and refresh the spirit in summer. Whiskey had an even more important function in the western counties of Pennsylvania where whiskey was used in the place of money. Whether in notes issued by the Bank of the United States, currency printed by state banks, or coins minted by the U.S. Treasury, money was seldom seen by farmers living in these remote areas. Whiskey was their main source of cash. Twelve hundred pounds of wheat, oats, or rye could easily be distilled into 20 gallons of spirits, weighing 160 pounds. The liquor could then be loaded in jugs, slung across the backs of mules, and hauled some 300 miles from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia. There it would be sold at the price of $1 per gallon. Whiskey therefore became the one cash-producing product for these western farmers. Since it could so readily be exchanged for money, it was often used in the place of cash.
    [Show full text]
  • America's Industrial Heritage Project HABS/HAER
    Special Collections and University Archives The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) Materials for the America's Industrial Heritage Project (AIHP), also known as the Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission Manuscript Group 74 For Scholarly Use Only Last Modified June 28, 2021 Indiana University of Pennsylvania 302 Stapleton Library Indiana, PA 15705-1096 Voice: (724) 357-3039 Fax: (724) 357-4891 Manuscript Group 74 HABS/HAER Materials 2 Overview In 1987, the National Park Service, in coordination with America's Industrial Heritage Project (AIHP), began an initiative to inventory historic sites in southwestern Pennsylvania. The Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS) and the Historic American Engineering Record (HAER), both of which form a division of the Park Service, began this multi-year historical and architectural documentation project in order to identify surviving historic engineering works and industrial resources in the region. The results of these inventories have been published by HABS/HAER through AIHP, subsequently the Southwestern Pennsylvania Heritage Preservation Commission, and are available to the public. The measured drawings and the large-format photographs produced during this process have been deposited in the Prints and Photographs Division of the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. Copies of the drawings and photographs have been deposited at IUP. The remaining research material has also been retained at IUP, including the 35mm photographs taken by the HABS/HAER teams, some research notes and correspondence associated with the project, and maps and blueprints of regional sites and buildings. For more information and photographs of Indiana County including Claghorn, Rexis, Vintondale, and Wehrum, see Manuscript Group 139 Denise Weber Collection.
    [Show full text]
  • The Democratic Republican Societies at the End of the Eighteenth Century: the Western Pennsylvania Experience Marco M
    288 The Democratic Republican Societies at the End of the Eighteenth Century: The Western Pennsylvania Experience Marco M. Sioli University of Milan On July 3, 1793 in Philadelphia, Alexander James Dallas, wealthy merchant and Secretary to Governor Thomas Mifflin, speaking in his capacity of promoter and member of the Correspondence Committee of the Democratic Republican Society of Pennsylvania, read in the presence of the officers of the Society a circular letter addressed to the several counties of the State. This letter sought to furnish Pennsylvania inhabitants "a copy of the constitution of the Democratic Society" and addressed itself to the citizens of the State "in hopes, that after a candid con- sideration of its principles, and objects, you may be induced to promote its adop- tion in the county of which you are inhabitant." According to this document, the United States of America faced a challenge as "the seeds of luxury appear to have taken root in our domestic soil; and the jealous eye of patriotism already regards the spirit of freedom and equality, as eclipsed by the pride of wealth and the arro- gance of power."' Citizens present at the meeting of the Democratic Republican Society of Pennsylvania made some changes in the circular letter: "It was moved and seconded, that the word Sir be struck out throughout the Letter and the words Humble Servants from the subscription thereof, and that the words Fellow Citizen and Fellow Citizens be substituted in lieu thereof."2 In this way, with the stroke of a pen, they signaled a rejection of the deference that had always characterized political documents and popular petitions, in the pre-revolutionary period and afterwards, Shays rebels included.3 Nor was it simply a formal change of attitude, comparable to a republican transformation of street names in towns: from Queen Street to Liberty Street, from King Street to Broad Street, for example.
    [Show full text]
  • Ppw Newsmag Mar 08.Qxp
    Conference Is Right Around the Corner VOLUME VII, ISSUE 2 March, April 2008 By Kirsten Akens Saturday Lunch, April 26: David Liss David Liss is the author of four best-selling novels, CONTENTS ith the Pikes Peak Writers Conference less than most recently The Ethical Assassin. He is also the author of two months away, excitement is building. Have A Conspiracy of Paper, winner of the 2000 Edgar Award for From the Editor Best First Novel; The Coffee Trader and A Spectacle of page 2 Wyou registered yet? If not, visit pikespeak- writers.com today and get yourself signed up to experience Corruption. His fifth book, The Whiskey Rebels, will be The Writer’s Life page 2 one of the best writers’ conferences in the West. This published later this year. His novels have been translated Ruh’s Muse year’s keynote speakers span the genres, from fantasy to into more than two dozen languages. of the Month romance, graphic novel to mystery. In January 2008, David spoke at the United Nations page 3 Friday Dinner, April 25: Carol Berg global anti-corruption conference in Bali, Indonesia. CNN Your Best Writing Anchorman Jim Clancy led the panel on “Artists for Year Yet Carol Berg attended her first Pikes Peak Writers Integrity,” exploring the need to fight corruption as a page 4 Conference ten years ago. Her tenth book, Breath and Bone, shared responsibility among governments, businesses and Our Peak Pick was published in January 2008. And according to her Web individuals. David shared the stage with film director Terry page 6 site, Carol and her publisher have just agreed on a new George (Hotel Rwanda), actress Famke Janssen (X-Men), and Sweet Success three-book traditional fantasy series.
    [Show full text]
  • Sovereign Spirits: Debtors, Rebels, and Radicals in Early American Print
    1 SOVEREIGN SPIRITS: DEBTORS, REBELS, AND RADICALS IN EARLY AMERICAN PRINT A dissertation presented by Max White to The Department of English In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of English Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts December, 2014 2 SOVEREIGN SPIRITS: DEBTORS, REBELS, AND RADICALS IN EARLY AMERICAN PRINT by Max White ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University 3 ABSTRACT As literary studies has departed from a nation-centric model of American literature in favor of a transnational approach that considers texts from North America, Europe, and the Caribbean, ideological, theoretical, and philosophical investigations of national origins have been eschewed in favor of materialist, historicist, and geographical readings of texts. The transnational approach foregrounds the recovery of forgotten writers, and incorporates archival materials as a means to better account for the range of texts and genres that circulated throughout the eighteenth century Atlantic world. However, the transnational approach is based largely on a historical narrative that distinguishes economic mobility from political power, and explains literary production as a product of seventeenth, eighteenth and early nineteenth century economic development. Reading literary texts that contest this historical narrative, this project reveals a class- conscious assembly of writers who express deep skepticism of federal power and republicanism. Writing poetry, political pamphlets, regional histories, financial reports, novels, religious tracts, and short stories, these authors narrate founding era history in terms of economic relations, race, gender, and religion, and contest portrayals of a vibrant participatory democracy.
    [Show full text]
  • National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form
    NPS Form 10-900-b OMBMo (Jan. 1987) . s >-:,- « r; ^'rj fT? ! :"v' ; - I: ; i; V/ l£ United States Department of the Interior \^\ National Park Service uu \ :; > National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentation Form This form is for use in documenting multiple property groups relating to one or several historic contexts. See instructions in Guidelines for Completing National Register Forms (National Register Bulletin 16). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the requested information. For additional space use continuation sheets (Form 10-900-a). Type all entries. A. Name of Multiple Property Listing__________________________________________ Vtiiskey Rebellion Resources in Southwestern Pennsylvania________________ B. Associated Historic Contexts____________________________________________ Whiskey Rebellion in Southwestern Pennsylvania_____________________ C. Geographical Data___________________________________________ Southwestern Pennsylvania - Allegheny, Bedford, Fayette, Greene, Somerset, Washington and Westmoreland Counties I I See continuation sheet D. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended, I hereby certify that this documentation form meets the National Register documentation standards and sets forth requirements for the listing of related properties consistent with the National Register criteria. This submission meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR/ftart 60 and tlffevSecreprV |f the Interior's Standards for Planning and Evaluation. DR. BRENT D. GLASS |V/^<AN\ \U V 17^/^7 l/ 7-)//^ r Signature of certifying official Date PA HISTORICAL & MUSEUM COMMISSION State or Federal agency and bureau 1, hereby, certify that this multiple property documentation form has been approved by the National Re gister as a basis for/evaluating related properties for listing in the National Register.
    [Show full text]