UNION and SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 669 - - - - in the " Pap Schools" of Ireland

Home , Andrew Bryson, Ohio Company, Thomas Gaddis, Thomas Irwin

' NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 669 - - - - in the " pap schools" of Ireland. At an early age he she dying about' five years before her husband. They learned the carpenter's trade in all its branches. had eight children,--Catharine and William died When twenty-two years of age he emigrated to young; Jacob married Caroline Gaddis, and is a America. He stopped in Philadelphia for a short farmer ; Albert Gallatin graduated at Jefferson Col- lege, read law, and pacticed in Jonesboro7, Tenn. ; he was also editor of the Jonesboro' Union, and is now dead. Margaret married L. B. Bowie; Thomas Baird, who attended Emory and Henry College, near Ab- ingdon, Va., read law and graduated from the Leb- anon Law Schoolof Cumberland University, Lebanon, Tenn., and practiced in Tennessee, Missouri, and at Pittsburgh, Pa., for several years. He is now engaged in farming. .Hugh died when eighteen years of age; Jennie G. married William Thorndell, deceased. Mr. Graham held several important township offices; was also director of the Poor Board. In all public positions he discharged his duties well. He was a member of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church for a number of years. Although his early opportunities for education were limited, he by care- ful study during his spare moments stored his mind with a vast fund of useful knowledge. He possessed a retentive memory, and having once learned a fact he was able to repeat and detail it with the ease and grace of the true gentleman. He was a great admirer of the poet Burns, and could repeat from memory HUGH GRSHAX. probably more of his poems, in their Scotch dialect, than any man who ever lived in Fayette County time, and was there in the employ of Stephen Girard, He was ever ready with the Psalms of David and for whom he built some of the finest houses then in sacred lyrics learned at his mother's knee. He was Philadelphia. He then moved to Pittsburgh, thence to especially noted for his retentive memory, his genial Uniontown. Here he remained and worked at his Irish wit, his great physical ability, honesty, charity, trade for a number of years, building some of the finest and industry. Mr. Graham was reticent in regard to houses in the couuty, among which are the Gallatin his charities ; in other words, modest, apparently not house of Springhill township, now owned by Mrs. letting his left hand know what his right hand did. John L. Dawson ; the residence of Col. Samuel Evans, Like all generous, really strong men, he was never of North Union, the dmelling occupied by Judge Will- boastful, and was quiet in demeanor. Probably no son, the fine house on Main Street, Uniontown, for- man exceeded him in a due sense of-all the proprie- merly owned and occupied by the late Judge Na- ties of life and society. He suppressed all scandalous thaniel Ewing, etc. In 1822 he was married to tongues that wagged in his presence, carrying out Margaret Black, an estimable woman, of Menallen practically the maxim, " Let no evil be spoken of township. They lived together for fifty-two years, another."

UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS.

FORthe reason that during the ninety-eight years of the history of the two present townships should be which have elapsed since the formation of the origi- written together as that of old Union, and accord- nal townships of Fayette County the territory (or ingly that method has been adopted in the narrative nearly all of it) now embraced in North and South which follows. Union &s for almost seventy years included together In December, 1753, the Court of Quarter Sessions in the old township of Union, it is evident that much of Fayette County at its first session-held in the 43

673 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

lnonth above named-decreed the erectionof" atown- sition to the laws of this Commonwealth. Moses Sutton is re- ship beginning at the head of the west branch of m;~rkablefor nothing but aspiring obscurity, and a great facility chanting psalm or stammering Prayer. Jennings' Run ; thence doan the same to the mouth 1 "Duty thus far directs me to give Council an impartial de- of said run ; thence up Oreeh to Burd's scription of the men who are to be the future ofiicers of this road ; thence the same the foot of the county, but both duty and respect forbid my saying more or thence the presuming to express a wish of my own; for I have no predilec- Brownfield's ; thence by a line or lines to be drawn tion in favor of, or personal prejudice against, either of them. by Charles Brownfierd's, Thomas Gaddis7, and the "I have the honor to be, etc., Widow McClelland7s, including the same, to the head EPHRAIIDOUGLAS." of the west branch of the Jennin,as7 Run aforesaid, BU~evidently Gen. Douglas aftern~ardschanged his be hereafter linown the name of town- opinions as above expressed, as is shown by a letter ship."I (found in the Pennsylvania Archives, 1773-86, p. At the first election in the township James Finley, I 696) as follows . Alexander McClean, Henry Beeson, Jonathan Row- 1 "E. Douglas to Sec'y Armetrong, 1785. lend, John Gaddis, and Moses Sutton were elected 'LU~~~~~~~~,27th Jan'y, 1785. justices of the peace- In reference to the election of 1 uSrR,-Unwilling to send you certificate in a blank, and these Gen- E~hraim Doug1as in ' desirous of saying something on the subject, I have sat with my letter dated Uniontown, Feb. 6, 178% and addressed 1 head leaning on my hand these ten minutes to consider what to John Dickinson, president of the Supreme Esecu- that something should he, and after all hare considered that tive Council of Pennsylvania, as follows : whatever I could say upon it would amount to nothing, for I 1 have knowledge of Gentlemen foremost on it to justify my giv- " Want of an earlier conveyance gives me the opportunity of enclosing to Council the return of an election held here this Img a character of him. day for Justices of the Peace for this township ; and I trust the "I have already been deceived into a misrepresentation to importance of the choice of officers to the county will excuse me Council on a former one, for which I most penitentially beg for- to that honorable body for offering my remarks on this occasion. giveness, protesting at the same time my innocency in it, for the Col. McClean, though not the first on the return, needs no Constable who made the return, and several others of the tomn- panegyric of mine; he has the honor to be known to Council. ship of Menallen, assured me it would be petitioned against, James Finley is aman of a good understmding, good character, but I find they have not done it, nor are they attempting it. and well situate to accommodate that part of the township most 1 can offer nothing more on that subject, unless it bethat the remote from the town. Henry Beeson is the proprietor of the township is in great want of a justice. I have given their town, a man of much modesty, good sense, and great henevo- :haracters faithfully as I received them from the general voice lence of heart, and one whose liberality of property for public of the inhabitants hereabout. Council in their wisdom will do uses justly entitles him to particular attention from the the rest. I have the honor to be with high esteem, Sir, county, however far it may be a consideration with Council. "Your most humble and Jonathan Rowland is .also a good mnn, with a. good share of "Obedient servant, understanding, and a, better English education than either " EPHRAIPDOUGLAS." of the two last mentioned, but unfortunately of a profession Of those elected justices of the peace, as before rather too much opposed to the suppression of vice and im- mentioned, James Finley, John Gaddis, and Moses morality,-he keeps a tavern. John Gaddis is a man whom I Sutton mere commissioned as such. Following is a do not personally know, one who has at a former election in the then township of mena all en been returned to Council, but partial list of justices of the peace elected for the dis- never com&issioned, for what reason I know not. Uis popu- trict embracing the township of Union until the time larity is with those who have been most conspicuous in oppo- of its division into North and South Union, viz. : 1793. Jonathan Rowiand. 1826. Thomas Nesmith. 1 The territory of Union township was reduced by the taking from it 1597. Robert Moore. 1 Clement Wood. of the borough of Uniontown, which was erected by act of the Legisla- 1803. Jonathan Rowland. 1827. James Piper. ture passed April 4, 1796. / 4 part of the territory of Wharton township was added to Union in 1804. John Wood. / 1829. James Lindsey. 1802. The record of the June term of the Conrt of Quarter Sessions in 1S05. Robert Moore. / Moses Hopwood. 1801 shows that a petition of certain ~nhabitants,"praying for adivision Jonathan Rowland. Clement Wood. of Whartun township, [was) continued under advisement." And the fol- 1808. Ellis Bailey. 1533. Samuel Keeler. lowing is from the record of the same court in its session of Narch, 1812. Thomas Hadden. 1 184045. Thomas Nesmith. 1802, viz.: "Union township extended:-On a petition praying an an- 1319. Thomas Haddcn. largement of the boundaries of Uniou township, the court directs that William Bryson. the fnture limits of the said township shall be as follows: By a line be- 1823. Andrew McMasters. , 1850. James McClean. ginning at Benjamin Brownfield's, including it as formerly, extending 1825. Samuel Smith. William Bryeon. as near as ma3 be to the forksof the run ahre Henry Beeson's fulling- mill; thence up the left hand branch or fork of said run to the top of Below is given a list, made up from election returns, the mountain or Laurel Hill; thence to Washington's Spring; thence of other officers of Union township down to the time along Bmddock's old road to the line of Dnnbar township, and from the of its division : intersection, by the line of Dnnbar township, to the northeastern corner of the present Uuion township." FREEHOLDERS TO SETTLE ACCOUNTS. On the 6th of Docember, 1Y71, the petition of Thomas Vance was pre- 1788-89.-Renry Beeson, Jonathan Rowland, James Rankin, sented to the court, praying to beset offfromFranklin township, and to be included in North Union. An order was issued December 25th ; re- William Gillespie. turned at the March term in 1872; report favorable to the prnyer of the 1792.-Henry Beeson, Jonathan Rowland, James Rankin, Wit- petitioner was made and confirmed June 8,1872. liam Gillespie.

NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 671

.. ~ ___-- _- I 1793.-Jonathan llowl:tnd, J:wes Luukiu. 1844. William Barton. 1 1847. Henry Yeagley. 1794-95.-Henry Beeson, James Raukin, James Gallagher, / Henry Yeagleg. I 1848. Charles G. Turner. Lewis Springer. 1 1845. Samuel Hatfield. Dennis Sutton. 1796.-Henry Beeson, Samuel King, Jonathan Downer, Lewis William Bryson. 1849. Samuel Hatfield. Springer. I 1846. Isaac Wiggins. ' James Carter. 1797.-Levi Springer, Henry Beeson, Samuel King, Robert Everard Bierer. 1850. Henry Yeagley. n100re. I 847. William Barton. Emanuel Brown. 1800.-Levi Springer, James Gregg, James Allen, Ismc Sutton.

AUDITORS OF ACCOUNTS. NORTH UNION.. 1801.-Jacob Beeson, Morris Morris, John McCoy, William I EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Crawford. 1803.-Jacob Beeson, Jr., Ellis Bailey, James Gallagher, Wil- 1 The instance of a direct grant of land having liam Crawford. been made in Fayette County prior to April 3, 1769, 1805.Jacob Beeson, Jr., Joseph Taylor, Reuben Bailey, I WaS that of Hugh Crawford, who, in 1767, was " in- Thomas Hibben. terpreter and conductor of the Indians" in the run- 1806.-Jacob Beeson, Jr., James Lindsey, Daniel Keller, Rich- ning of the western part of Mason and Dixon's line. ard Weaver. The grant was given by Governor John Penn, dated 1807.-Thomas Meason, John Kennedy, Thomas Hibben, Zadoc Jan. 22, 1.768, and was a conveyance of land, called a Springer. "Grant of Preference," for a tract of five hundred 1821.-William Swearingen, Abel Campbell, John Springer, Samuel Cleavinger, Samuel Clark. acres. It was, besides, save the Gist tracts, the only 1822.-Abel Campbell, John Springer, Samuel Clark, Samuel instance where any One person was given than Cleavinger, William Swearingen. . four hundred acres. In consequence of this unusual 18.23.-William Swearingen, Samuel cleavinger, Abel Campbell, proceeding the tract of Land was given the name of John Gallagher.- 1 "Injustice." Previous to this, however, Peter Red- 1824.-Abel Campbell, Samuel Smith, Samuel Cleavinger, John stone, or Indian Peter, who was the acting interpreter Gallagher. for Hugh Crawford in his official term as Indian 1825.-Samuel Cleavinger, William Bryson, John McClean, agent, claimed to have owned this same land. In a Abel Campbell. letter to His Excellency the Governor, Redstone 1826.John Gallogher, John McClean, Abel Campbell, William Bryson. stated that he had lived peaceably upon the land given 1827.-Abel Campbell, John McClean, John Gallagher, William him by Penn until one Philip Shute, a Dutchman, Bryaon. came and quarreled with him. He therefore asked 1830.-William Morris, William Bryson, Jacob Gaddis, John that another tract be given him, which was done, and Gallagher. he vacated the first one to occupy the second, located 1831-32.-Jacob Gaddis, J. Gallagher, William Morris, William near Brownsville, on the opposite side of the Monon- Bryson. gahela River. Conflicting titles of the original five 1833-34.4. Gallagher, W. Barton, Uriah Springer, George hundred acres caused numerous lawsuits between Meason. 1835.-William Bryson, William Jones, Isaac Wiggins. Crawford and Shute, which were decided in favor of 1836.-Isaac Wiggins. Crawford, and he became the owner under the " Grant 1837.-Isaac P. Yinor, John Gaddis, William Bryson. of Preference," as stated. The order of survey of this 1838.-William Barton, Jr. land was made July 4, 1770, and in that year Craw- 1839.-Charles Brown. ford died. Not long after his death the property was 1840.-Thomas Bankin. sold by his administrator, William Graham, by an 1841.-Isaac Hague. order of the Orphans' Court of Cumberland County, 1842-43.Tohn Jones. to pay his debts, Robert Jackson being the purchaser. 1544.-Charles Brown. The records of early transfers of property show that 1845.-Uriab Springer. 1846.-Richard Swan. on June 15,1773, Hugh Crawford (probably a son), 1847.-Charles G. Turner. in consideration of £50, purchased of Walter Briscoe 1848.-Uriah Springer. ' "a plantation containing two hundred acres, being 1549.-Benjamin Hayden. ' upon the waters of Big Redstone Creek, on a branch 1850.-E. G. Turner. I called Lick Run, joining line with John Allen and SCHOOL DIBECTORSL Elias Nemkirk, it being a tract of land that said Bris- 1535. Henry W. Beeson. 1 1841. John Deford. coe took possession of in the year of our Lord 1768, to Samuel Evans. mlliarn Bmnnfield. and to hold." Again, Ynrch 10, 1783, Walter 1836. James Hopwood. / 1842. John Huston. Briscoe, in consideration of £300, sold to Robert Samuel Evans. I Peter Humbert. Jackson three hundred acres of land "lying on the 1838. Thomas Hopwood. 1 1843. Thomas Rankin. waters of the Redstone, adjoining lands non7 held by Isaac Hague. i Isaac Wiggins. Benjamin Phillips, Hugh Crawford, and the said 1540, Ellis Phillips. 1 Jackson." The property included in Hugh Craw-

l Under act of l=, inspectorswere first appointed ,or ford's " Grant of Preference" is now within the limits Union in Jani~ary,18%. I of the farm of Cd. Samuel Evans, containing fifteen

672 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSPLVANI-4. -- -- - .------.- hundred acres, and formerly owned by Judge Ken- now owned by Dr. Walker; and Uriah, upon a por- nedj-. tion of the William Hankins farm. The daughters Philip Shute, after the decision against him in the --Anna, Hannah, and Sally-married, respectively, Cralvford lawsuits, settled upon a tract of land called Norris Xorris, Griffith Morris, and William Morris, Thorn Botronl, on what is now known as Shute's Run, -three brothers. They are all buried in the church- which mas warranted to him Sept. 9, 1769. He mas yard of the old Baptist Church at Uniontown. Cal- one of the first persons to make a home here, and his vin Springer, of Uniontown, is a grandson of Dennis, name appears upon the records as early as 1768 among Sr. As a result of Dennis Springer's becoming those settlers who met the commissioners at Gist's security for Daniel P. Lynch, the old homestead was place on March 33d of that year. On May 9, 1788, brought under the hammer and sold at sherift's sale. there was surreyed to Philip Shute ninety-nine and It is now the property of Greenbury Crossland. Levi, one-half acres of land. Elizabeth Shute had received a fourth son of the Springer family, was a resident in a warrant for thirty-two and one-quarter acres as far this vicinity as early as 1782, as on May 12th of that back as April 1,1773, but the tract was not surveyed year he answered at the Court of Appeal held at the to her until Nov. 11, 1815. house of John Collins, at Uniontown, and sent a sub- The tub-mill which Philip Shute built on " The stitute un the Cr~wfordexpedition. On Sept. 3,1796, Neck," now a portion of Col. Evans' large farm, is he purchased of Jacob Beeson a piece of land adjoin- said to have been the first one erected in the county. ing the plat of Uniontown, lving norch of Peter and William Cromwell was a son-in-law of Capt. west of Pittsburgh Streets. This mas a part of the Christopher Gist, an6 like him one of the earliest "Stone Coal Run" tract, afternrards known as Mount settlers in the county. In 1786, Crommell claimed a Vernon, and vas originally surveyed to Henry Beeson. piece of land on which Philip Shute was living that The same property now belongs to Levi, a grandson year. This piece of land was called " Beaver Dams," of the elder Levi Springer. Dennis Springer, a son and is a part of that now owned by Col. Evans. of Levi, Sr., married Sally, a sister of Ewing Erown- Josiah and Nathan Springer were members of the field. She is now a widow, eighty-two years of age. party whose applications for land were in the land- Daniel M. Springer, of Uniontown, is her grandson, office awaiting the first issue of warrants. The one and Zadoc Springer, of the same place, is a great- issued to Josiah was No. 819, for three hundred and grandson. sixteen acres, and dated April 3, 1769, the first day James, William, and Hugh Rankin were early in warrants were ever gix-en for land in Fayette County. this county, and each became the owner of a large This tract mas surveyed under the name of "Elk farm in North Union. James purchased 321 acres Lick," on June 2, 1770. Josiah Springer died at his called "Siege," which was warranted July 8, 1769, home in 1785, and his descendants all removed to the and surveyed May 18, 1770. Tracts of land in Wash- West. His will is the first on record in the county, ington, Franklin, and Tyrone townships also came Nathan Springer's land mas located next to his into his possession afterwards, as did 338 acres called brother's on the southwest. It contained three hun- " Sugar Bottom," on Shute's Uill Run, and 185 acres dred and six and one-quarter acres, and was called was warranted May 30, 1788, to William Martin, in- "Springer's Lot." The warrant, No. 1830, was cluding his improvement. John Walter purchased granted the same day as that nf Josiah, and the sur- 300 acres of one tract and sold it to Andrew Hoover, vey mas made June 22d of the same year. Kathan Sr. Financial troubles overtaking Mr. Rankin, he Springer eventually removed with his family to the disposed of his property about the year 1800 add West. Dennis Springer, another brother, in pursu- removed to the West. William Rankin's farm, called ance of a warrant bearing date Feb. 28, 1786, located "Karrow Bottom," comprising 355 acres, was war- a tract of three hundred and twenty-seven acres just ranted J~dy8, 1'769, and surveyed September 30th of north of that belonging to Josiah, which was surveyed the same year. His whole life was passed upon the May 15, 1'785. The names of Dennis and Nathan place. The name of the property upon which Hugh Springer also appear as purchasers of lots upon the Rankin settled was " Extent." It contained 225 original plat of Uniontown in the year 1776. Dennis acres, which was warranted to him Feb. 27,1770, and was the contractor for the building of the court-house surreyed May 18th of the same year. In 1799 he erected in Uniontown during that year, and the bricks sold 193 acres of this land to Andrew Bryson. His for the purpose were manufactured on his farm. His family numbered four children,-William, Esther, family of fivesons and three daughters-Jacob, John, Ann, and Thomas. The first three upon reaching Dennis, Uriah, Josiah, Anna, Hannah, and Sally- maturity settled in the West. Thomas remained all reached the estate of men and women. The two upon the homestead until 1551, when he removed to oldest sons were born before the parents crossed to , the borough of Uniontown, and died there the same the west side of the mountains. A11 the sons, except year. The old farm has become the property of Rob- Dennis (who had a part of the homestead), settled on ert Parkhill and others. Thomas Rankin was the farms near or ad-joining that of their father,-John, I' father of eight children, but only three nre now where Henry Snlith now lives; Jacob, on the farm 1 living,-Hugh L. Rankin and Mrs. Albert G. Bee-

SOK!H UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 673 -- son, of Uniontown, and Mrs. Anna Smith, of Clarks- On June 11, 1769, James Stelr-art made application burg, W. Va. for three hundred acres of land, described as " about Isaac and Jonathan Pearce, two brothers, came to : one mile from Laurel Hill, on a branch of Redstone this county with the earliest settlers, and each took Creek, adjoining the lands of Phillip Shute and John up a considerable tract of land. On Sept. 14, 1769, a Davis, including his improvement made that year.', tract of 320 acres mas surveyed to Isaac, which was / On this application warrant No. 3465 was issued to giren the name of "Discord," and upon which a James Stewart, June 1-1. 1769, for three hundred and patent was issued March 10, 1786. In 1785 the busi- ' thirty-nine acres and one hundred and forty perches ness of a distillery was carried on here, and June 29, of land, which was surveyed to him. On Sept. 26, 1791, the property mas sold to Mordecai Lincoln, of 1769, Stewart assizned- and delivered to Alexander Derry township, Dauphin Co. While yet in the McClean all right and title to this property. Upon possession of Isaac Pearce the survey of "Discord" it McClean built a log house, which was the home of mas disputed by the attorney of Thomas Gaddis, for himself and wife on their coming into the county. William Cromwell, by virtue of an order issued from Upon this place all their children were born, and here the Ohio Company. The property located' by Jona- they lived for many years, but in after-time financial than Pearce was called " Bowling Green," a body of difficulties necessitated the selling of a part of the 186 acres, adjoining that of Samuel McClean and property. In 1822 the sheriff sold a portion to James Jonathan Pearce. A survey of it was made March Piper. Later the greater part of the original tract 20, 1787. - came into the hands of Gen. H. W. Beeson, and YI ov. Samuel Lyon, Sr., and Samuel Lyon, Jr., came 8, 1880, the Stewart Iron Company purchased one here in 1769, and purchased estensive bodies of land hundred and seventy-one acres' of Beeson7s heirs. north of that located by Isaac Pearce. Samuel, Sr., Most of the sons of Alexander McClean settled in had three hundred and fifteen acres, which was called North Union township, on farms their father bought "Pretention and Contention," and which was sur- for them in his prosperous days. James McClean, a veyed June 13, 1769. In later years the title of this brother of Alexander, located his lsnds in North property was disputed by the attorney of Thomas Union township, near the base of Laurel Hill, and Gist for William Cromwell, under an order from the near the site of the present village of Monroe. John Ohio Company. The tract of Samuel Lyon, Jr., con- McClean, another brother, located one hundred and tained two hundred and seventy acres, which was forty-six acre.; of land upon the side of the mountain, surveyed to him June 12,1769, under order-No. 3352, but soon disposed of it and removed to Washington and named "White Oak Level." This land mas County. Samuel McClean, also a brother of Alex- afterwards found to have been granted to James Fin- ander, was a surveyor, and. in that capacity mas of ley, assignee of Henry Boyle, under warrant No. great assistance for many years to Alexander in his 2107, dated April 3,1769, the earliest day upon which profession. Samuel first located 5ft,y-six and one-half warrants mere issued for lands in the county. James acres of land on the mountain, and afterwards pur- Finley entered a caveat against the acceptance of the chased six hundred acres of a squatt,er, who had cut Lyon survey, and he must have come into possession off the timber from about three acres, paying him of the property, as he lived here until his death, forty pounds therefor. ,knother tract of sixty acres, holding prominent offices the entire time. In August, which Samuel McClean had located some years pre- 1791, he was appointed associate judge, remaining in viously, was taken possession of by a man named the position until his death, which occurred in 1828. Nealy, who built a cabin upon it in the night, and He was also a member of the Senate of Pennsylvania purchased some implements for working the land. from this district, succeeding John Smilie, who was This caused a lawsuit, which was tried at Hannas- elected to Congress in 1792. Mr. Finley was the in- town and decided in Mcelean's faror. That tract of ventor of the first chain suspension bridge ever put land is still called " Nealy's Moonlight Discovery." . up in this county, which was built in 1801 across Samuel McClean had two sons, William and John. Jacob's Creek, on the road between Mount Pleasant William removed to Butler County, Ohio, in 1808, and Connellsville. and died there in 1824. John lived for some years Thomas Junk settled in Union township on one on the farm which the Lemont Furnace now occu- hundred and eighty-six and three-quarters acres of pies. In the war of 1812 he went out as captain land, warranted to him Feb. 1, 1796, and surveyed of a company of soldiers. After the war he lived under the name of "Consolation." The patent of upon the farm now owned by George McClean, where this tract to him dates April 16, 1795. Its location he died in 1831. All the daughters of Samuel mas on a branch of Redstone Creek, and adjoining RlcClean, except Nancy and Sarah, removed West. land of Williani Crapcraft. Descendants of Thomas Nancy became the wife of Stephen h'lcclean, her Junk are still living in North Union. cousin, and a son of Alexander McClean. Sarah A part of the property in this county upon which married George McRea, and lived upon the home- Alexander McClean lived for many years is that now stead until her death. hlrs. William Hankins is a omned and occupied by the Stewart Iron Company. daughter of Stephen and Nancy &Clean.

674 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

Robert and John Gaddis, sons of William Gaddis, joining the lands of Robert Gaddis, Nathan Springer, came from " bpple-Pie Ridge," near Winchester, Va., ' Josiah Springer, and Cornelius Conner. The property to North Union township some time in the year 1785. j has now passed out of the family. At this time John was forty-five years of age. He Dec. 27,1785, there was surveyed to Eleanor Dam- purchased 295: acres of land, with an allowance of son, wife of George Dawson, three hundred and twelve six per cent. for roads. The tract joined that of Rob- acres of land in this vicinity, by virtue of a certifi- ert Gaddis and John Patrick, and mas called " Gad- cate from the surveyor of Yohogania County, Va., of distown." The warrant for it was dated Feb. 7, 1785, which the following is an exact copy: the patent being granted March 30, 1786. Adjoining uV~~~~s~..~SURVEYORS'OFFICE, TOHOGASIA COUSTY. this " Gaddistown" tract John Gaddis, in 1797, pur- "Eleinor Dawson produced a certificate from the Com's for chased two other tracts,-one, called " Oxford," con- adjusting Titles and settling claims to lands in the Counties of taining 40$ acres, and the other, called " Cambridge," Tohogania, Monongabela, and Ohio for four hundred acres of of 164 acres,--with the allowance of six per cent. for land in this county on the waters of Redstone to include her roads, as before. The warrants for the last two were settlement made in the year 17'70 in right of herself during her natural life;. the remainder to Nicholas Dawson ex'r of George dated March 6, 1794. During his life John Gaddis Dawson Dec'd to be distributed according to the will of s'd mas a prominent member and worker in the Great George. Bethel Baptist Church of Uniontown. He died Jany. 21, 1780. " W. CRAWFORD,S. Y. C. April 12, 1827, aged eighty-seven years. His wife, Sarah Gaddis, died a quarter of a century before, Jan. ('The certf. mentioned in the within was granted by Francis Peyton, Phil. Pendieton, 9; Joseph Holme, Gentlemen Com'rs 7, 1802. Five sons and six daughters made up the when sitting at Redstone Old Fort the day & year within family of John and Sarah Gaddis. They mere mentioned, of which the within appears on record in my oflice. Thomas, Jonathan, William, Jacob, John, Mary, Given under my hand and seal this 1Sth day March, 1785. Anna, Elizabeth, Priscilla, Sarah, and Ruth. Jona- B. JOHSSON,S. Y. C." than died in 1793, and Anna in 1799, six years later. William and Sarah removed to the West; Mary be- A similar certificate was procured by Henry Daw- came Mrs. Allen and lived in Franklin township, and son Jan. 21, 1780, while the commissioners were in Elizabeth and Ruth married and moved to Wilming- session at Cox's Fort, for which he was granted two ton, Del., and died there. Priscilla married Thomas hundred and fifty acres of land "on the waters of Barton and lived in Menallen township, where she Redstone, to include his settlement thereon made in died during the winter of 1SS0-81, at the age of ninety- the year 1771." This certificate and entry claim five years. John and Jacob each took a part of the Henry Dawson &signed to Joseph Little, Feb. 23, old homestead. Johu married a daughter of his 1786, and on March 23, 1811, Little sold it to Samuel cousin, John Gaddis (son of Robert), and she is now hlusgrove and Robert Davis. The land in question living in Uniontown with her son Eli, her husband lies adjoining the Eleanor Dawson tract and William having died in 1868. Oliver Gaddis, son of Jacob, Rankin's farm on the east, and joins the James Finley lives on the property formerly owned by his father. property on the west. George Dawson7sson Nicholas Robert Gaddis came to this township with his removed to the Virginia Pan Handle and died there, brother John in 1785, and purchased 237 acres of land leaving two sons, John and George. The latter lived at that time about two and one-half niles northwest at Brownsville. His son, John L. Dawson, became of Uniontown, on the National road. This land very prominent at the bar and in political life. His adjoined that of John Gaddis, and was surveyed to last years were passed on " Friendship Hill," where Robert April 19, 1788. Of his large family of chil- he died. John Dawson, the other son of Nicholas, dren, all of the daughters and the sons Benjamin, was quite a prominent lawyer, and well known in

William, and Jesse removed West. John inherited a, 8 public life. E. Bailey Dawson, of Uniontown, is his part of the homestead, and some of his descendants ' son. Elizabeth &I.Dawson, daughter of George and sti!l live upon it. His wife was Rachel Davis, a ! Eleanor Dawson, married Col. William Smearingen. daughter of James Davis, an old settler of Union / Their great-grandson now lives on the original prop- township. Henry Gaddis, a brother of Robert and erty in North Union. John, came to North Union soon after their settle- , John Hankins, a native of North Carolina, came ment here. He purchased 253 acres of land (adjoin- 1 with his wife and children to Beesontown in this ing John's property), which was surveyed to him ' county in 1784. On June 11, 1786, in pursuance of larch 15, 1788. Henry Gaddis, who now lives in a warrant dated June 2d, there was surveyed to him this township, is one of his descendants. i a tract of land in North Union township containing John Patrick settled here in 1785. He received a j one hundred and twelve acres, the same upon which warrant for two hundred and ninety-six and one- ( his grandson, William Hankins, now lives. On the half acres, the warrant being dated Sept. 30,1785. north side of his land was that of Richard Waller ; The patent was issued May 12th of the following year. on the east, that of Dennis Springer ; south, that of This tract of land was named "Crooked Path," situate I James Rankin ; and west, that of Uriah and William on Redstone Creek opposite the Buffalo Lick, and ad- Martin. Martin was then in possession of the tract,

3OKTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 675

I and had built a cabin upon it, besides having cleared ' still resides there. In 1783 John lived in Union- a part of the land. These improvements Mr. Hankins ! town, where for two or three years he kept a tavern. bought and moved into the cabin, while Martin took ' He purchased lands on tax titles until 1792, when he up'one hundred and eighty-three acres in t,he vicinity, went to Kentucky. for which he received a warrant May 30, 1788: At 1 Some time previous to 1791, Benjamin Lincoln, the same time Mr. Hankins purchased the one hun- i son of Mordecai Lincoln, left his home in Perry 2 ?, - dred and twelve acres mentioned above he also bought township, Dauphin Co., and emigrated to the west " .' another tract of one hundred acres. This he after- side of thk mountains, and li\-ed for a time on the wards sold to Matthew Clark, and it now belongs to 1 Rankin farm in Union township. While there his Col. Samuel Evans. The sons of John Hankins I father visited him, and was so well pleased with the were James, William, Samuel, Richard, and Arthur. / country and its prospects that on June 29, 1791, he They lived in this section until they reached man- i purchased of Isaac Pearce the tract of land called 1 hood, when, with the exception of James, they all ! "Discord," containing three hundred and twenty removed to Tennessee. 1 acres. Nordecai Lincoln had four children,-Benja- When Mr. Hankins removed his family to this i min, John, Ann, and Sarah. A few years later Ben- county James mas but four years old. He remained I jamin purchased a farm on Whitely Creek, in Greene upon his father's farm and died there, leaving two ! County. Afterwardse he became the owner of the sons, William and John. William still lives on the / farm now occupied by John Hankins, and lived homestead where he was born. His son, Dr. John there until his death. John and Ann Lincoln went Hankins, is practicing medicine in Uniontown. to Virginia. Sarah was married before coming to John Hankins, the brother of William, and second , Xorth Union to John Jones, a Philadelphian of son of James, lives on a farm that his father bought i Welsh descent. Jones remained upon the old farm of Benjamin Lincoln. ; until the death of Mordecai Lincoln, when he became Joseph Huston came to Union township in 1790, and / its purchaser. He lived there until 1802, when he in the same year was'elected sheriff of the county. He / died, and mas buried in the family buryi~g-ground had previously lived with his father in Tyrone, and ?'where his father-in-law and other members of the afterwards with Col. James Paul1 in Kentucky, and I family had been laid. The children of John and for many years he led a roving life. On 0ct. 5, Sarah Jones were six in number, of whom William, 1791, the year after his election to the sheriffalty, he Ann, and John remained in this township, and the bought ninety-four and one-quarter acres of land on other three went West. William lived a bachelor on Redstone Creek, in what is now North Union, it a part of the homestead, and died in 1872, aged being a part of the tract of land which had been pat- eighty-three years. Ann married Daniel Canon e~tedto Samuel McCarty, under the name of "Union (brother of Col. John Canon, of Washington County), Grove." On Feb. 20, '1792, he purchased of Henry and resided in Uniontown. John is still living on Beeson lot 39, in Uniontown, that where Mrs. Dr. the homestead farm. This farm, like many others David Porter now lives. Subsequently he bought the in this section, is underlaid with a vein of coal, nine lot and built the brick house which adjoins the resi- feet in thickness. The Youngstown Coke Company dence of E. Bailey Damson upon the west, and which have purchased the right to mine the coal under this he afterwards sold to Jonathan Rowland. For several farm and some others adjoining. On this, which was years Joseph Huston pursued a mercantile business. the Isaac Pearce tract, mas one of the early "Set- Becoming interested in the manufacture of iron, he, tlers' Forts," built for protection against the Indians. in December, 1795, purchased of Dennis Springer a In the year 1796, Jacob Lewis, accompanied by his share in fifty-one acres of land in North Union, ad- sons Freeman and John, came from Basking Ridge, joining that of John Patrick and Ephraim Douglas, N. J., and settled in the vicinity of Uniontown (near which was patented to Jacob Knapp in May, 1788, and Hogsett's Station), at Minor's mill. Jacob came as a a part of it sold to Dennis Springer in the same year. miller for John Ninor. At that time Freeman Lewis On this land Huston Springer built the " Huston Old was sixteen years of age. He studied surveying with Forge." In 1803, Hustou bought of Jeremiah Pears Col. McClean, and assisted him in many of his sur- the Redstone Furnace, in the present township of veys. He was also employed with Jonathan Knight, South Union, and continued the business at these when surveying the route of the Chesapeake and Ohio places until near the time of his death. His wife was Canal, as well as in most of the important works of Mary, daughter of John Smilie, and by her he had surveying in the western part of the &ate. He was two daughters,-Jane, who married Isaiah H. Mar- appointed county surveyor by Governor UTolf, and shall (at one time manager of the Fairfield Furnace), held the office until the incoming of Governor Ritner. and Sarah, who became Mrs. Andrew Bryson, Jr. Freeman Lewis was a fine musician, and published a Mrs. Huston died in 1799, and Mr. Huston in 1824, book on the " Beauties of Harmony." In December, aged sixty -one pears. Of Joseph Huston's brothers, 1809, he married Rebecca Crafts, daughter of David William and John, the former lived in Tyrone Crafts, and for several years taught school at Union- township until his death in 1821, and his son Eli town. From 1814 to 1829 he lived in Merrittstomn,

67 6 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. - --- - after which he removed to Uoiontol~n,staying there just completed) and other public improvements. The until his death, Sept. IS, 1859. The map of Fayette ; minters of Col. Evans' early life, after 1823, were County, published by Freeman Lemis in 1832, is re- / many of them passed by him at Baltimore, that he produced in the pages of this history. His sons were i might have oppor~unityfor examining the old docu- three,-Levi, Thomas, and John. The first two live ments and maps pertaining to the early historv of the in Uniontown, and John is a civil engineer and sur- country. The fruits of his labor3 in this direction veyor in Ohio. were many and x-aluable, and were passed orer to John Lewis, the other son of Jacob Lewis, was a I Xr. Veech, in the preparation of his " Monongahela saddler,and learned his trade of John Campbell. His I of Old." Among the old maps is one mhich shows home was in Uniontown, and his sons, Samuel and : Redstone creek under the French name " La Petite Marshall Lewis, are still living there, the former 1 RiviEre." His intimate association with the promi- havingfilled the office of justice of the peace for many nent men of the country in its early days, and his years. thorough knowledge of the history of the county, Andrew Bryson emigrated to this country from Ire- make him a cyclopzedia of interesting reminiscences land, and Oct. 29, 1799, purchased of Hug6 Rankin and information. He owns and lives upon a tract of one hundred and seventy-three acres in this township. land of 1500 acres about two miles from Uniontown, He lived and died upon the place, and his son An- in which is included Hugh Crawford's "Grant nf drew is still living there, very far advanced in years. Preference" of 500 acres. This part is in the bottom- The sons of Andrew Bryson, Jr.,-John H., Andrew, lands below Col. Evans' house, where Philip Shute and Robert,-are also residents of North Union, occu- built the tub-mill, the ruins of mhich are still visible. pying the homestead and other lands ad,joining. William Craig was a native of Ireland, who erni- Jesse Evans was a native of Wales, who having grated to this country in 1785, settling at East Lib- emigrated to America, mas for many pears a resident erty, where in later years he started a store. In the of Springhiil township in this county. In 1831 he year 1798 he married Jane Smilie, a daughter of John removed from there to " Spring Grove" farm, a large Smilie, and about 1811 removed to Gnion township tract of land which his son Samuel had purchased and commenced R-ork in Huston's old forge, where he some ten years previous. His active business life was was intrusted in the manufacture of nails. Mrs. passed in the supervision of Springhill Furnace, with Craig died in 1835, and Mr. Craig in 1838. They left which he was connected from 1797 to 1531. He mas one son, John S. Craig, who in 1817 commenced also quite extensively engaged in mercantile pursuits, work in Huston's old forge, and soon took the man- conducting branch stores in many different sections. agement of it. Three years later he went to Dunbar His official career as justice of the peace extended Creek, where for a year he had the supervision of a over many years, and was throughout very honorable. rollingmill, also the property of Joseph Huston. As The last years of his life were passed upon his farm Mr. Huston sold the rolling-mill to Isaac Neason, and in Uniontown, where he died in 1842 at an ad- John Craig returned to the old forge, and remained vancedage. Samuel Evans, a son of Jesse Evans; was until he was twenty-two years of age. He then born June 5,1800. His earliest education mas acquired spent two years at Redstone Furnace, and in 1827 at the academy at Dunlap's Creek, and in 1812 he en- purchased the farm where Robert Huston now lives tered the academy at Uniontown, then in charge- of Leaving that, he spent a fem years in Menallen town- Dr. James Dunlap. When eighteen years of age he ship and in the West, after which he returned to entered the oace of Judge John Kennedy as a stu- Union township, and in 1850 purchased the farm on dent of law ; remained there three years, when he which he now resides in North Union. went to Philadelphia and studied with Jonathan W. Ephraim Douglass, although a settler in Uniontoan, Condy, a prominent lawyer of that city. Upon his purchased forty-one acres of land known as Douglass return to Uniontown he commenced the practice of Bottom, lying north of the fair-grounds, and another law, which he continued for two years, and then tract of three hundred and thirty-nine acres. In his served one term as member of the State Assembly. later years he lived in what is now North Union tomn- In 1825, Col. Evans: Thomas Irwin, John Kennedy, ship, and died there in July, 1833. But his earlier and James Todd were appointed a committee from life, after his settlement in Fayette County, was Fayette County to attend a convention at Harrisburg, passed in Uniontown, in the history of which bor- the object of which mas the consideration of plans for ough he is more fully mentioned. His son Ephraim the development of public improvements. The result died in 1839. His daughter Sarah was the rife of mas the adoption of a comprehensive system which Daniel Keller. a well-known iron-master of this included the construction of the canals of the State. county. Another daughter, Elizn, was the wife of Of the one hundred and thirty delegates who attended Allen King, of Clark County, Ohio. that convention, Col. Evans is the only one now living. James Gallagher purchased and became a settler Soon after this he and Judge Irwin made a trip to upon a tract of land on the notth bank of Redstone Buffalo, from thence to Albany and Xew York City, Creek, adjoining Uniontomn, now in North Union for the purpose of esamining the Erie Canal (then township. To this property was given the name of

NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWXSHIPS. 677 -

" James' Fancy." Mr. Gallagher's grandson still oc- 1869. Abrah:im Huston. 1ST9. $1. A. Foster. cupies a part of this farm. 1SiO. John S. Craig. James Hanan. 1873-71. John Foster. ISSU. Fuller Carson. ERECTION OF THE TOWNSHIP .AND LIST OF 1575-76. Emmsnuel Maust. 1 1SSI. 11'. S. Jobes. OFFICERS. Moses A. Foster. The partition of old Union township into the pres- SCHOOLS. ent divisions of North Union and South Union was One of the earliest schools in what is now North effected by an act of the ~egislatureof Pennsylvania, Union was taught, not long after the commencement approved March 11, 1851, which provided and de- of the present century, by James Todd, afterwards clared, "That hereafter t,he township of Union, in the attorney-general of the State, in a house situated near county of Fayette, shall be, and is hereby divided into Xount Braddock, on land adjoining the Pearce tract. two separate election districts, to be called North and There are few, if any, surviving of the scholars who South Union ; and that the Cumberland road be the attended that school except Mr. John Jones, now dividing line between the same ; and each to.rvnship eighty years of age, who has still a vivid recollection shall have a separate window to vote at, in the court- of attending there under the teaching of " School- house in the borough of Uniontown." master" Todd. ' The township of Korth Union then, under this In 1822 a school was taught in a log building stand- dicision, is bounded on the north by Franklin and ing on the TVidom Murphy place, now owned by Dunbar townships, on the east by Dunbar and Whar- Robert Hogsett. This school was then under charge ton, on the south and southwest by the borough of of Hugh Ellerton, but the names of his predecessors Uniontomn and the township of South Union (against and successors, if there were any, have not been as- which last named the boundary is formed by the old certained. About 1826 the people of the vicinity National road), and on the west by the township of united to build a large log school-house on the site of Menallen. The population of the to~nshipby the the present one near William HanMns7. In that census of 1880 was 31.70. school-house Daniel Keller, who had been identified The list of township officers1 of North Union from with the early iron interests of this section, taught its formation until the present time is as follows : from the time of its erection till the inauguration of JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. the free-school system under the law of 1834. 1S55. Abraham Hayden. 1869. Asher M. Bailey. In 1857 the county superintendent reported for this 1S.57. Jonathan U. Springer. 1S72. J. D. Springer. township nine schools, nine teachers, four hundred 1860. William Wallace. 1S7.5. William 31. Shipley. and sixty-four scholars, and the sum of $1430 levied Abraham Ha)-den. 1577. Enoch M. Abraham. for school purposes. 1S62. Elisha D. Emerson. 1575. George Gearing. The township is now (1881) divided info seven George Yeagley. 1S7Y. John W. McDowell. 1864. Asher M. Bailey. ISSO. William W. Clark. school districts. The report for the last year gives 1667. Elisha D. Emerson. lSS1. Samuel W. Jones. five hundred and sixty-three pupils, eleven teachers ; total expenditure, $2014.25 ; valuation of school prop- AUDITORS. erty in the township, $10,000. 1S5l. James H. Springer. 1867. Robert Junk. Following is given a list of those who have served 1S53. Thomas H. Fenn. 1565. William W. Clark. as school directors in North Union from t.he division 1S54. Dennis Springer. 1S69. Samuel Jones. : 1S55. Henry Jeffries. Samuel Beatty. of the old township to the present time 1S56. Thomas H. Fenn. 1SiO. Thomas Junk. 1S.51.-Charles G. Turner, Abram Hayden. 1S5i. Wil1i;m Bryson. 1Sii. Moses Foster. 1852.-Dennis Sutton, James McClean. IS5S. Isaac Jeffries. 1S7.5. William W. Clark. lS.53.-H. W. Beeson, Andrew Bryson, Henry Yengley. 1S59-60. Thomas H. Fenn. Sherm:tn Frazee. 1S54.-Andrew Bryson, J. D. Springer, Elisha D. Emerson. 1861. Andrew Bryson. 1876. John Junk. 1856.-William Robinson. 1862. William TV. Clark. , lS77. John B. Hogsett. IS57.-John Clark, J. D. Springer. I Y63. N. B. Jones. IS'iS. B. V. Jones. lS5S.-Parker C. Pnsey, Adam Cannon. 1864. William Darlington. 1579. S. W. Jones. 1859.-Henry Yeagley, William H. Henshaw. 1865. William Swan. 1SSO. John H. Bryson. 1S61.-Adam Cannon, James Hensham, Moses Farr. 1866. John C. Johnston. 1SSI. James Hankins. 1S62.-Lacey Hibbs. 1S63.-William Hawkins, Henry Foster. ASSESSORS. 1864.-James Henshaw, Charles Shriver, Lewis Stewart. 1851-52. John S. Craig. 1861. Wil~onHutchinson. 1S65.-William Carson, Upton Spear, Villiam Bryson, George 1853-54. James T. McClean. 1862. John S. Craig. Faring. 1855. Calvin Springer. 1363. William Darlington. ' 1S66.-James Henshaw, William Hawkins, Jacob M. Lewellyn. 1S56. John Gallagher. 1864. John S. Craig. 1867.-Thomas Junk, Henry Foster. 1857. Emanuel Brown. I 1565-67. James McClean. 1S6S.-John Hankin, William Shipley. 1S5S. James McClean. 186s. Stephen Hamkins. 1S89.-James Henshaw, James Hannan. 1S59. James Mchean. 1S69. Mordecai Lincoln. 1SfO.-William Shipley, Samuel Carter. ------'The list here given is nedy complete, though not entirely so, on 1873.-Robert Hogsett, Thomas Frost. account of the imperfection of records and election returns. 1S74.-William Shipley, Samuel Carter, William Phillips.

678 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNS YLVANIS. - 1875.-William RlcGhane, John Hankins. 1 and a half east of Uniontown. on Laurel Hill. This 1Sf6.-Andrew Bryson, Jr., Robert IIogeett. point was selected on account of location, command- 1577.-Samuel Carter. ing one of the finest natural scenes to be found in the 1SiS.-William Phillips, H. McLaughlin. country; and, also, because it was sufficiently re- 1379.-John F. Hogsett, Andrew Bryson, Jr. moved from the influence of a large town. Accord- lS8O.-Samuel Carter, Henry Thomas. 1831.-John Hankins, Ewing B. Hare. ingly, in the fall of 1874 work mas begun, and in A& 1875, large and convenient buildings were so SOLDIERS' ORPHAKS' SCHOOL. far completed as to enable the school to move into The following sketch of the Soldiers7 Orphans7 them. The 8th of April in that year was memorable School, located at Dunbar7sCamp, in North Union, in its history,'as on that day it mas transferred from is taken from an account of its establishment furnished the old home in Uniontown to the new one at Dun- by James Paull, and published in " Pennsylrania bar's Camp. Soldiers7Orphans' Schools." The change has been demonstrated to be a wise On the 7th of May, 1866, the Hon. Thomas H. one. The children are healthier, have more freedom, Burromes, ex-superintendent of common schools, and and are happier. They breathe the pure air of an to whom the labor and responsibility of organizing a altitude of two thousand five hundred feet, and drink system of soldiers' orphan schools had been intrusted, the pure mountain water. It is claimed that there is wrote the Rev. A. H. Waters, who had just retired no finer location for n school in the State, and it is from the school superintendency of Butler County, Pa., hoped that when this school shall have finished its earnestly requesting him to look out a suitable loca- noble work an educational institution may still be tion for a soldiers' orphan school somewhere in the continued in this charming spot. western counties of the State not already furnished The school has continued in a very prosperous con- . with a school. After considerable inquiry and search dition, containing at present (July, 1881) one hundred without success the efforts were about to be abandoned, and eighty pupils. It is still under the efficient man- when circumstances rendered it necessary for him to agement of the Rev. A. H. Waters. visit this county in the discharge of another duty. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. While here his attention was called to the Madison The Bethel Presbyterian Chapel congregation in College buildings, then used only for a small day- North Union is a branch of the Laurel Hill Presby- school, and owned by the Hon. Andrew Stewart. terian Church in Dunbar township. A small chapel Having found Mr. Stewart very desirous to have the was built for its use near the Youngstown Station in property used for that purpose, and Dr. Burrowes 1877. warmly approving of the location, the buildings were secured and arrangements made for opening the The congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Chapel school. On the 19th of September, 1866, the first in this township is a branch of the Uniontown Meth- scholar was admitted, and in a few days large acces- odist Episcopal Church. The society in North Union sions were made on order and by transfers from other built a chapel in 1877 near the Youngstown Station schools. The first year of the school's history was and adjoining the Presbyterian Chapel. attended with many difficulties and discouragements. The want of adaptation in the buildings, and the great NANUFACmRISG INDUSTRIES. uncertainty of the continuance of the system, made LEMONT FURZAACE. it hazardous to incur any great expense in the erec- In pursuance of an arrangement made early i11 the tion of additional buildings. After a year of struggle spring of 1875 between Ewing, Boyd & Co. and the the system was made permanent, and by the erection Lemont Furnace Company, Lemont Furnace was of new buildings and changes in the old the school begun and hastened to completion as rapidly as labor was placed upon a solid footing, and started on a and material could secure that end. It mas started career of gratifying prosperity. Credit mas due to on the 1st of January, 1876, and has been in blast Mr. Stewart for his devotion to the interests of the continuously ever since, except a few months during school, which was shown by his willingness to con- ~rhichits lining was renewed and its power repaired. tribute to the necessary changes, and his generous The stack is sixty feet high, with a maxirnuiu cliame- contribution of six hundred dollars annually-beiog ter of twenty-two feet, it is sixteen feet in the bosh, one-half of the annual lease-as rewards to merito- and has a capacity of fifty tons per day, running rious pupils. mostly on native ores. It has two hot-blasts, two After nearly eight years of encouraging success, large blowing-engines, four boilers sixty feet long by and when from the nature of the case this, as well as three and a half feet in diameter, also stock- and all the other schools, must soon begin to decline, for casting-houses of adequate capacity to meet the wants various reasons it thought advisable to change its of the furnace. location. After giving the matter due consideration, The tramways to the mountain and coal ore mines, and with the consent of the State superintendent, it as well as to the limestone-quarries, and switches to was determined to move to Dunbar's Camp, four miles the coke-ovens, furnish every facility for cheap and

NO1tTl-I UNION AND SOUTH UNION TO\\'SSIIIYS. 679

delivery of all material in the stock- Elizabeth Canon. They have now in operation two house. As both the Baltimore and Ohio, and South- / hundred and forty coke-ovens, with all the necessary west Pennsylvania Railroads pass within a short dis- 1 machinery and appliances, and have also erected tance on either side of the furnace, it has ample ; twenty-four double dwelling-houses and a large store- connections to secure for it the fullest advantages of house. The main slope of the mine is 1250 feet, with competitive freight rates. I six flat head in.^ varying from 300 to 500 feet. The The furnace property consists of two thousand I daily production of coal is about 500 net tons, making acres, all underlaid with several veins of ore yielding 1 about 380 tons of coke. John Shipley is the mining from thirty-five to forty-two per cent. of iron. Its engineer. fine limestone-quarries and large coal-fields, on which John Stambaugh is president of the Briar Hill one hundred and fifty coke-ovens are now in opera- Iron and Coal Company ; Augustus B. Cornell, man- tion, supplying fuel to the furnace, together with its ager of the Himrod Furnace Company ; and Henry l other advantages, assure Lemont Furnace an inde- 0.Bonnell, manager of the Mahoning Valley Iron pendence which but few such establishments enjoy. 1 Company, all of Youngstown, Ohio. Thomas W. The present owners of Lemont Furnace are Robert 1 Kennedy is also manager of an iron company's works Hogett (one-half interest), James P. Hanna, and in the same place. And it was for the purpose of Thomas H. Rabe. 1 supplying these several furnaces and iron-works with , fuel that the Youngstown Coke Company effected its STEWART IKOS COJIPANY'S COKE-WORKS. I organization and established its works in this town- This company, who have iron furnaces at Sharon, ship. Mercer Co., Pa., as well as in other parts of the country, THE PERCY MIXING COMPANY'S WORKS. began the manufacture of coke in North Union for / In the spring of 1879 this company, composed of the purpose only of supplying those furnaces. On 1 A. W. Bliss, G. C. Marshall, A. B. De Saulles, and the 8th of November, 1880, they purchased here one / Maurice ~eal~purchased one hundred and forty-two hundred and seventy-one acres of coal land of the heirs i acres of coal-land in North Union, and commenced of Gen. H. W. Beeson, and commenced work in the 1 the mining of coal and ore, and the manufacture of opening of the slope and the erection of one hundred I coke. They have now sixty-nine ovens in operation, and twenty ovens, which are completed and now in ,I and from thirty to fifty tons of ore is mined daily. operation. The slope has been extended to six hun- 1 Their coal, coke, and ore are shipped by rail and sold dred feet, with two flat beadings, one of three hundred i in open market. and one of five hundred feet. The Lemont Furnace Company have one hundred as XOUNT BRBDDOCK COKE-WORKS. 1 and fifty coke-ovens in blast, is mentioned in the A company, composed of Robert Hogsett, T. W. / account of their iron-works. Watt, W. H. Bailey, John Taylor, and Hugh L. Ran- ( The fire-brick works in this township are under kin, commenced these works in 1871 on four hundred ( lease to Messrs. Bliss and Marshall, of the Percy Mining Con~pany. These works, which were first acres of land purchased of Robert Hogsett. One hun- put in operation in 1874, now produce daily from four dred and twenty-seven ovens were built, and all the 1 thousand to ten thousand fire-bricks, which are prin- coal mined manufactured into coke. For the first i I cipally used in the construction of coke-ovens in this two years their coke was sold to Dewey, Vance & Co., of Wheeling, West Virginia, but afterwards was dis- ! part of the county. posed of in open market. SOUTH UNIOPU'. In the spring of 1881 the works were sold to A. 0. I EARLY Tinstman, of Pittsburgh. The product of the ovens i SETTLEMENTS. at the present time is fifteen car-loads per day. The / According to tradition Wendell Brown and his works are located on the extreme northeastern border I sons1 mere the earliest settlers in South Union town- of the township, on the line of the Southwest Penn- sylvania, and Baltimore and Ohio Railroads. 1 Veech gives the follou~iiigin reference to the Browns : "It is well 1 known that while the Indians held luidivided sway in the region they I had one or nwre lead-mines in our mountains, the localities of which THE YOUNGSTOWN COKE COMPAXY'S WORKS. they guarded with inviolable secrecy. The discovery of these by the This company was organized Sept. 29, 1879, the Browns would have been an invalnable acquisition to their venatorial corporators being John Stambaugh, Henry 0. Bon- 1 pursuite. many efforts did they make to find them, and many sly at- tempts to follow the Indirtnsin theirresorts to themines,but all in rain. nell, Augustus B. Cornell, and Thomas W. Kennedy, And more than once did they narrowly escape detectim,trnd consequent who constitute the board of managers. Operations I death, by their eagerness to sli~rethe forbidden treasure. Abraham on their lands in North Union were commenced very 1 Brown [grandson of Wendell] used to relate of his uncle Thomas that, 1 having offended the Indians by some tricks played upon them (perhaps soon after the organization of the company. They I. 1 ID contrivances to discover tlieir lead-mines, and by repeatedly escaping now own five hundred and four acres of coal and one from them when taken prisonerj, Ire once escaped beins Lurned only by hundred and forty-eight acres of surface, their coal- the tiniely interposit1011of a friendly chief; but that eventually they right extending under lands of John Jones, B. V. caught him when no such intercessor was nigh, and knwkedout all his teeth with a piece uf irou and a tomahawk. This was savage cruelty. Jones, Samuel McClean, George Swearingen, and Xom for savage honesty. In a season of scarcity soma Indians came to

680 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUIUTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

------.------.. -- - - .- .- - -- - . - - - ..------. --- ship. Judge Veech, in liis "Nono~igxhelaof Old," applications at. the land-ofice i'ur tracts they liad says: " When Washington'slittle army n-as at the Great chosen. David Jennings' tract, named " Fear Fax,,' Meadows, or Fort Secessity, the Browns packed pro- contained 308: acres. It was given him by warrant visions, corn, and beef to him; and when he surren- So. 3459, dated June 14, 1769, and surveyed Septem- dered to the French and Indians, July 4, 1751, they ber 26th of the same year. He lived upon this prop- retired with the retreating colonial troops across the erty until his death, March 29, 1824, at eighty-three mountains, returning to their lands after the rein- years of age, when his two sons, Darid and Benja- statement of the English dominion by Forbes' army min, inherited it. David Jennings, Jr., who died in 17.5S." The Browns had originally located on May 23, 1551, aged seventy-seven years, sold his Provance's Bottom, on the Monongaliela, but after share to Samuel Xoslep, who again disposed of it to their return settled in what is now South Union and Jasper M. Thompson. This gentleman also became Georges townships. Upon finally making permanent possessor of the other part of the Jennings farm settlement here, ddam Brown located on three hun- through Johnston Van Kirk, to whom Benjamin dred and twenty-seren acres of land which was war- had sold it. The stream that crosses this property is ranted to him June 1-1, 1769. Maunus Brown had called Jennings' Run. three hundred aud six acres warranted to him the John and James Henthorn were brothers-in-law of same day. Adam Brown was in his earlier life a Darid Jenning, and sett,led here when he did. John's lieutenant under the king, and served lrith the Vir- land was a body of 363 acres called " Choice Tract," ginia provincials in the French and Indian wars. directly east of " Fear Fax," which he took up under He induced many of the former acquaintances of the warrant No. 3455, dated June 14, 1769, and which family to come to this section, and they located lands mas surveyed Sept. 27, 1769. The property east of now lying in both Georges and South Union town- his belonged to his brother James, David Jennings . ships, as is shown by the records, which give the tities mas on the west side, Richard Parr on the north, and of the tracts, number of acres contained therein, and the farm on the south mas at one time owned by Col. the date upon which they were ~arranted. Of these Thomas Collins. John Henthorn spent his life upon settlers one mas William Downard, who took up two this farm, and died in April, 1784, aged forty-three hundred and ninety-three acres of land on the waters years. Another John Hentho'rn died in 1799, aged of Brown's Run, adjoining the tracts of Adam and sixty-six years. They, with David Jennings and his Maunus Brown. This property was warranted to son David, were buried in a family cemetery on John him June 11, 1769, under the name of" Walnut Hill." Henthorn's farm, which now belongs to Jasper 31. David Jennings came to this section in 1768, se- Thompson. James Henthorn had 346 acres adjoin- lected a desirable tract of land, and then returned to ing the farms of his brother and ddam McCartney, his home in the eastern part of the State to persuade which was surveyed Sept. 28, 1769. At a later day it others to come here and settle with him. John and was owned by James Veech, and at the present time James Henthorn, two brothers of his wife, came back belongs to William E. Caruthers and John C. Bread- with Nr. Jennings, and all three of the men entered ing. Thomas Gaddis was one of those pioneers who had the Browns for provisions. The old man sold them eight rows of corn. He afterwards found they had taken just eight row, and not an ear applications for land. in the land-office awaiting the more. first issue of warrants, which mere dated April 3, '' Adam Brown-' old Adam,' as lie was called-bo'asted of having been 1769. The warrant issued to Nr. Gaddis was SO. a king's lieutenant in his early day9, having probably served with the Virginia provincials in the French and Indian wars. Borhis services 1690, &ich shows the great number of applicat.ions he claimed tu have had a royal grant of land of niut. miles square, es- that had been filed before that date. He had been in tending from near Monnt Braddock along the faceof Laurel Rill suuth- this section several times in previous years, but was ward, and westward as far as New Salem. I have seen a large. stone, frightened away by the Indians, and did not make a standing a little southwest of the residence of Daniel (or William) Moser, in George township, vhich the late John NcClelland said wis a permanent settlement until 1769. The land which corner of Adam's claim. The old lieutenant, it xu said, induced many he located was described as being in the " Redstone acquaintances to settle around him on his grant,-the Downards, Greens, Settlement, Cumberland County, the new purchase," McDonalds, XcCarty8, Brownfields, Henlhorus, Kindells, Scotts, Jen- ningses, Higginsons, etc.,and out of abundant caution he and his brother and was surveyed Sept. 25, 1769, under the name of Naunus and they euterrd applications for their hmds in the Pennsyl- " Hundred Acre Spring." In 1789, Mr. Gaddis was vania Land-Office on the 14th of June, 1769, and had them sumeyed carrying on a distillery upon his place. In the early soon after. They seem to have been quiescent in the boundary contro- versy. But it was said that early in li75, Adam and some of liis aasoci- days a Settler's Fort mas built upon the tract, and the ates had employed an agent to go to London to perfect the royal grant; portion of it still standing was the residence of the when, upon thebreaking out of the Revolution, which ended the king's late Basil Brownfield. The farms adjoining the one power in this country, they grve up the effort, and in due time pertected in question were owned in the pioneer time by Isaac their titles under Pennsylvania. From this and some other grounds arose the current :Lllegations that 'Old Adam' and sundry of his neigh- Sut,ton, Edward Brownfield, and James Hamilton. bors were unfriendly to the muse of Aiuericarl independence, but we From his first appearance in this vicinity Thomas believe th~ywere never guilty of any overt acts of toryism. . . . The Gaddis was active and prominent in the expeditions Blaunus Brown branch of the family has always been considered free of the taint charged to ' Old Adam,' and has been prodnctive of good citi- against the Indians, and in all civil and military zens." county affairs. He was second field-major in the

NOETH UNION AYD SOUTH UNIO-\T TOWXSIIllJS. 6S1

Cr.~\vfhrdexpedition, and was a proii~iuentleader in on the old Gaddis place in 1820, and lived there the Whiskey Insurrection of 1794. In 1816 he sold , until his death, Aug. 21, 1881.' the farm upon which he had lived for nearly half a Thomas Bromnfield settled upon a farm between century to John Miller and John Kennedy, and emi- Xonroe and Uniontown, and his grandson, Isaac gated to the " Miami country," Ohio. ' Brownfield, now occupies the place. Richard Brown- Charles Brownfield was a native of Scotland, who, field lived near Morgantowu for a few years, and with his brother James, emigrated to this country and then emigrated to Kentucky. William also removed lived for a time near IVinchester. His wife was Bet- early to Kentucky. Benjamin, the son to whom sey, the sister of Col. James Burd, and mhen they Charles Bromnfield sold his pioneer home on his re- came to this township they located a tract of land , moval to Kentucky in 1783, always remained upon containing 300 acres, which, in a deed of later years, the farm and died there. His son, Col. Benjamin

is described as "near Laurel Hill, on one of the 1 Brownfield, died there March 28,1880, at the remark- head branches of the Redstone, including my im- abie old age of one hundred and one years. The provement made in the year 1769." Warrant KO. property is now owned and occupied by 3, grandson, 3456, dated June 14, 1769, mas giren for this Imd, Narion Rrownfield. and the surrey was made in September of that Fear. James NcCoy settled in South Union in 1769, In 1783, Mr. Brownfield sold this property and re- when: with many others, he made application for a moved to Kentucky. Alexander McClean made a tract of land in the ralley east of Uniontoan. He second survey of it at this time, and one entry upon was a native of Ireland, and when about fifteen years the records says, "Said Brownfield removed tc the of age ran away from home and came to America. Kentucky country, having sold the above part to He had been attending the races with his father, who Benjamin Brownfield, his son, and the residue to had entered a favorite colt, and ~+ich,at the close Moses Sutton and George Trontman." In the same of the races. James had been sent home with. On the connection he further says of this survey, that he way he and'some other boys ran the horses, when by "resurve~edthe same as by the different purchas- some mishap the colt stumbled and fell, breaking ers." . one of its legs. This so frightened him that instead Charles Brownfield had eight sons, -Edward, of going home he started for the coast, where he Charles, Robert, Thomas, Empson, Richard, Wil- shipped on board a vessel and worked his passage to liam, and Benjamin. There was but one daughter, America. He remained in the East until twenty- Sally, who married Raphael Naylor, of Philadel- four years of age, mhen he came to this county, as phia, whither she went to reside, and where she died. 1 stated. The rarrant for Mr. McCoy's land bears date Edward Brownfield settled upon a tract of land at June 14,1769, and theorder of survey was made Sept. the same time his father did, and adjoiuing that of 23, 1769. The property was named "Flint Hill," his father, which contained 250 acres, and was called comprised 306 acres, and an allowance of six per cent. "3Iount Pleasant." Several years later, when the was made for roads. This tract of land is recorded as general exodus from this section to Kentucky took adjoining those of Thomas Rrownfield and Isas p1:1ce, he removed with his family to the place called Sutton. Another tract of 221 acres adjoining was "Bear Grass7" where John Brownfield, a son of his ! surveyed to him the same date, Sept. 23, 1769. brother Benjamin, now lives. Empson Brownfield Before leaving the East, Mr. McCoy had married took up 295 acres of land on the waters of Georges 9nn Bruce, who was like himself born in Ireland, Creek, but near the waters of Redstone Creek, partly I and who came to this country when but twelve pears on the dividing ridge and on the road leading from 1 old. Upon locating here he built a log cabin, which the gap of the mountain to Cheat River, in Geoges ' was situated at the foot of the Bailey orchard. Very township. This land was surveyed Dec. 23, 1785, , soon, however, this cabin was reconstructed and made "by virtue of certificate from the Conlmissioners of , into " McCoy Fort," which was the rendezvous for Monongalia, Pohogania, and Ohio Counties for 400 , all the immediate neighbors in times of danger, the acres of land on the waters of Redstone Creek, to in- , " Col. Thomas Gaddis Fort" being two miles away to dude his settlement made in 17'70." 1 the southwest. Mr. McCoy then built for his own In the year 1776, Empson Brownfield's name ap- 1 residence a house of hewn logs, which stood upon the pears in the list of purchasers of lots in Uniontown, site of the brick house afterwards built by Eli Bailey. or Beesontcwn. In 1784 he purchased a lot in Union- i ------town, Upon which he later built and kept a tarern. 1 An obltuary notice of R.lsil Bro~vnfield,published at the time of hi$ It is said that he mas the first to start a store in death, contained the follo\\~ng: "Mr. Drownfield was born near Smith- Uniontown, for which he brought the goods over the field, this county, in 1795. His ancestors came here from Apple-pie Ridge, Shenandoah Valley, Va. He was a man of strong mill and ag- . mountains on pack-horses. After a fev- years he, too, gressive disposition, as the result of whicl~he was well known, and had removed with his familv to Kentucky. Charles and acquired a large amvnnt of valuable estate. His connections hv blood ~~b~~~~~~~~fi~ld botj at inlithfield. ~h~ / and ?a.~qe&rewry extensive. He leaves four sons and fonrdangh- ters Iiv~ng,tu-o cf these being in Tesas, one of the latter being Xm. descendants are dead' Robert I William Core. Mr. Browrlfield's wife was Sarah Collins, daughter of with Crawford's expedition. His son Basil settled Joseph Collins, one of theoliginal settlersof Unionto~n,~

HISTORY OF FAYETTF, COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

The original property, which was quite extensive, has other improvements for the growth and development been divided and sold at different times, until but of the "Carey Mission." On December 9th of the comparatively little of it remains in the hands of Mr. same year a train of thirty-two persons, three wagons McCoy7s descendants. d tract of' nine or ten acres drawn by oxen and one drawn by horses, and having was leased by himself to Thomas Brownfield for with them five cows and fifty hogs, left the old school ninety-nine years for a mill-site. A large portion of at Fort Wayne for the new home. They arrived at the land is now the property of the Chicago Coke and ' their destination safely, and the first report made to Coal Company, sold to them by Eli Bailey, who ' the government, dated July 1, 1823, announced sixty bought it of the heirs of McCoy after his death. His acres of land cleared. In 1825 came the report that death occurred in 1803, and he was buried in the two hundred acres had been inclosed, thirty acres churchyard of the South Union Baptist Church, of mere in corn, three hundred peach-trees mere growing which he was long a worthy and consistent member. finely, and a flouring-mill was in operation. with The children of James and Ann McCoy were Wil- all this advancement the sale of whisky by the liam, George, Isaac, John, Rachel, Ann, Sarah, and , traders to the Indians outside of the mission tract Nary. John married and lived on the old home- caused so much trouble that Mr. McCoy was induced stead, dying there when fifty-two years of age. His to seek another place for the mission. He studied

wife was a daughter of Col. Thomas Gaddis. Of their ' thoroughly the Indian question, and wrote a work several children, John, the eldest, is still living on the entitled "Remarks on Indian Reform." The prin- old place, and is eighty-three years of age. George, cipal design of this work was to show the practica- who never married, went to Ohio to live, and.died bility of the meditated reform, and suggested measures there. Isaac married, lived, and died near his father's to be adopted for its accomplishment. He says, home, and left a family of five children. Rachel and I " We discovered that our Indians could not possibly Ann married and removed from the State. Sarah be- prosper when they knew they had no settled resi-' came the wife of Samuel Sutton, son of Moses Sutton. dence, and when the influx of the white population, They lived on the farm one mile southwest of the and with it the introduction of floods of ardenr. Redstone Coke-Works, which has since been owned spirits, had already added discouragements to their by John Hagan. Mary McCoy married Thomas spiritless minds." On Sept. 15, 1826, a treaty was Brownfield, son of Charles Brownfield. The farm on held with the Pottawatamies on the Wabash, at which which they lived is now owned by their son, Isaac there was granted to fifty-eight Indians, by descent, Brownfield. William McCoy became a Baptist min- , "scholars in the Carey Mission" school on the St. ister. He was married in Uniontown, and in 1789 Joseph, under the direction of Rev. Isaac McCoy, removed to Kentucky. His son Isaac, born in this one-quarter section of land to be located by the place in 1783, became a noted Indian missionary. President of the United States. He was but six years of age when, with his parents, In 1827, Mr. McCoy left the station to visit Nerr he removed to Kentucky. While living there in York, Philadelphia, and Washington on business 1803 he also married, and very soon after emigrated connected with the Indian interests. He held inter- to Fort Wayne, Ind., to preach and labor among the views with the President and Commissioner of Indian Indians. Affairs with a view to getting a territory for the In- On Oct. 17, 1817, he received from the United dians set off, and in this effort he was successful. The States Baptist Board of Missions an appointment as land and improvements of the " Carey Mission" were a missionary. In compliance with the request of Dr. appraised and sold, and the school gradually declined. Turner, the Indian agent, Mr. McCoy, in 1820, settled Mr. McCoy and Mr. Lykins, his son-in-law, were in- at Fort Wayne, Ind., and May 29th of that year opened structed to visit the region west of Missouri and Ar- a .school numbering twenty-five scholars,-ten Eng- kansas to inspect and report upon the condition of lish, six French, eight Indians, and one negro. March the country there, and select a suitable location for a 12th of the next year the number had increased, to ' mission. The tract of land on which the "Shawnee thirty-nine Indian scholars. Being authorized to Mission" house in the Indian Territory is located was select a site to establish a mission, after much thought selected, and Bug. 11, 1833, the little band that was and many examinations Mr. McCoy chose a tract in left of the " Carey Mission" gathered there and or- Michigan, one mile square, on the south side of the ganized a church. The whole of Mr. McCoy's long St. Joseph River. On Aug. 29, 1821, a treaty was life mas a constant endeavor to soften and civilize the made by the government with the Indians for the Indian race. transfer of this land, which was ratified March 25, The Sutton family of five brothers, all Baptist min- 1822, and July 16th of the same year Mr. McCoy re- isters, came to this county as early as 1770, and after ceived an appointment from Gen. Cass to take charge that date all located land here. The property of of this Indian mission. On October 9th following a I Isaac and Moses Sutton was south of the present vil- company of twenty-two persons left Fort Wayne for lage of Monroe, adjoining that of John Hopwood, the new station on the St. Joseph River, where they 1 Jeremiah Cook, and James McCoy. Moses Sutton

were to erect buildings, clear the land, and make I was one of the purchasers of the residence of Charles

NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. - Brownfield, and in 1788 he was assessed upon a dis- Painting Signs," his place of business being three tillcry as his property. Isaac Sutton was one of the miles south of the borough of Uniontown, near Lit- early ministers of Great Bethel Baptist Church at tell's mill. When Job Littell purchased his property Uniontown. James Sutton settled in Georges town- there was reserved an acre of ground for a burial- ship, but afterwards removed to Amwell township, place, in which himself and wife and John and Eliz- Washington Co., Pa., where, in the year 1774, he was abeth Custead are buried. Mr. Littell died in 1824, pastor of the Ten-Mile Baptist Church. , aged eighty-one years, and his wife in 1838, aged Jeremiah Gard owned a tract of land in this town- eighty-eight years. Other graves are found in this ship some time before 1780. It contained two hun- burying-ground, but none are marked save by a com- dred and forty-eight acres, and was located next to mon field-stone at the head and foot. the farm of Thomas Caddis. In 1791, Mr. Gard built I Samuel Work was assessed in 1785 on a tract of a mill on Redstone Creek, which is still standing, and 200 acres of land. In the names of property-holders is known as the Hutchinson mill. He was also en- in 1793 appears that of Esther Work, undoubtedly gaged in the manufacture of scythes, and served as a the widow of Samuel, assessed upon 188 acres. Rob- private in the Crawford expedition. He died upon ' ert, Andrew, John, and Alesander Work were as- this place, and left three sons,-Daniel, Simeon, and sessed as single men. Shortly after this, however, , Jeremiah. They all settled near their father and Alexander Work was assessed upon a grist-mill in lived here for many years, but after his death removed Menallen township. About the year 1817 he built a to the West. mill in Union township (now South Union), which On Kov. 29, 1783, George Troutman purchased of , is still standing, and is known as the Barton mill. Charles Brownfield thirty-nine acres of land, a por- In 1785, Jeremiah Cook mas assessed upon property tion of the property Brownfield sold upon his removal consisting of sixty-three acres of land, a saw-mill and to Kentucky. The regular survey of the transfer- , a grist-mill. In 1791 a distillery was added to the rance of this property was not made to Mr. Troutman above amount of property, and all of it was assessed until March 2, 1786, at which time there was also I to him in Union township. In 1793, Richard Stur- surveyed to him, under a warrant issued from the I geon was assessed upon one hundred and fifty-nine land-office Feh. 23,1786, another tract of land con- acres of land, a grist-mill, saw-mill, and a fulling- taining one hundred and twenty-three acres. Later mill, also in Union. From what can be learned he purchased still more land, and July 16, 1791, he both of these men seem to have carried on consider- sold one hundred and sixty-two acres to Jonathan able business here, and to have remained here several Gray, whose descendants still occupy the property. years, but no information can be gained as to what In the year 1788, George Troutman was running a section of the township of Union they lived in. distillery. In February, 1788, William Campbell came to this The name of Job Littell appeared upon the assess- section and purchased a tract of land of one hundred ment-roll of Union township in 1785, as being assessed and four acres of Henry Beeson, upon which the for- upon a tract of land containing fifty acres. From mer settled in 1768. In 1789, Mr. Campbell took out that time his taxable property increased, and in 1788 a warrant for two hundred and seventeen acres of he was assessed upon a saw-mill ; in 1796 upon a saw- land in Union, in the survey of which he desired to mill, grist-mill, and a house; and in 1798 upon six include the land he had previously purchased of Mr. hundred and thirty-nine acres of land. On Nov. 22, Beeson. It was all surveyed to him in the manner 1802, Job Littell purchased of the commissioners of desired, and is now in the possession of E. B. Daw- Fayette County, for the unpaid taxes of 1799-1800, son and Nathaniel Brownfield. In 1788, Mr. Camp- a tract of land of three hundred acres, " situate on bell was proprietor and conductor of a distillery, the branch of Redstone Creek south of Uniontown." which was situated on the tract of one hundred and A portion of Job Littell's property was given the four acres purchased of Henry Beeson. The follow- name of" Job's Hollow." In this is still visible the ing is a verbatim copy of a marriage certificate given ruins of an old mill, with a half-filled race, the old in Mr. Campbell's family in 1790. The original cer- mill-stones, moss-covered and gray, lying in the debris tificat.e is written on parchment, in a large, bold, and and surrounded by a thicket of underbrush, while the beautiful style of penmanship. The copy is here stone house, which was built upon an adjacent hill, given as of interest in this connection : -. has also crumbled and fallen to the ground. " A7heraas Abel Campbell, son of William and Mary Camp- Samuel Littell was a son of Job and Elizabeth Lit- bell, of Union Township, Fayette County, Pennsylvania, and tell. His son Alonzo is now a resident of Cleveland, Susanna Dixon, daughter of TViIliam and Rebecca, Dixon, of Ohio, and was for several years editor of The Genius Menallen township. county aforesaid, having declared their in- tentions of marriage with each other, before several Monthly of Liberty, of Uniontown. Elizabeth, the daughter I Meetings of the People called Quakers at Westland, accordinn of Job and Elizabeth Littell, married John Custead, a - , to the good order used among them; and having Consent of and with her husband lived in this section. In May, Parties concerned, their said proposals mere allowed of by the

1819, John Custead advertised that he had "added said meetings. NOT these are to certify whom it mar concern..~- to his trade of Cabinet-Making that of Making and 1 that for the full accomplishing of their mid ~ntentions,thii

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUXTY, YEXNSYLVANIA.

--- I Sixth Dsy OF the Tenth Month, in the Year of our Lord, one noticed in connection with North Union, which was thousand seven hundred ard ninety; they, the said Abet Camp- : erected at the Eaine time from the territory of old bell and Susanna Dison, appeared in a public meeting at Red- j union, ~h~ township of South union lies wholly on stone, and tbe said Abel taking the wid Susanna i the southwest side of the old National road, which Dison by the Hand, did in solemn wanner openly declare that he i forms its boundary against North Union. Its other took the said Susanns Dison to be his Wife: promising through 1 Divine Assistance to be to her a loving and faithful Husband, I boundaries are Wharton township on the southeast, until ~~~thshould separate them ; and then and there in the same Georges on the southwest, and Menallen on the west Assembly, the said Susanna Disondidin like mannerdeelare that and northwest. Its population by the last census she took the said Abel Campbell to be her Husband; promising (1880) was eleven hundred and seventy-seven, includ- through Dirine Asaista,nce to be to him a loving Faithful Wife, ; ing the village of 3lonroe. until Death should separate them; or words to that import. The list (nearly complete) of the principal town- Moreover, they the said Abel Campbell and Susanna (she ac- ship officers of South Union from its formation until cording to the Custom of Marriage Assuming the surname of the present time is given below, viz. : her Husband) as a further confirmation thereof, did then and there to these presents set their Hands. Signed, Abel Cnmp- JUSTICES 01 THE PEACE. bell. Susanna Campbell. And we, whose names are hereunto 1855. Ahram Hayden. 1S6S. Robert McDowell. subscribed, being present at the solemnization of said Marriage 1S56. John McCoy. Alesander Black. :tnd Subscription have as Witnesses thereto set our Hands the James Piper. 1869. Isaac Marest. Day and Pear above Written. Sarah Sanems, Mary Coope, 1S61. Hiram Miller. 1872. George W. Polke. Rebekah Jackson, John Coope, Ruth Crawford, Margaret Craw- Benjamin F. Ham. 1ST3. John S. Damson. ford, Mary Campbell, Abel Campbeli, Rachel Hatumond, Jonas 1862. Thomas Calhoun. 1874. Elias Breeman. Cottell, Orr Garmood, Joshua Hunt, Sarah Cad~vallader,Eliza- 1866. Chnuneey B. Hayden. 18i5. Thomas Beman. Leth Cottell, Esther Cottell, Mary Walton, R~chelCottell, Mar- Thomas Semnn. 1S7S. John Custead. ing Harleu, Thomas French, Nimrod Gregg, Tholn:~sIrain, Jo- B. F. Hellen. 1SSO. William '(IT. Canan. seph, Benjamin Townsend, IYilliaru \Vilson, William Silver- 1S6i. Samuel Shipley. 1SS1. Jesse Reed. horn, John Cadmallader, John McCaddon, John Graves. Jacob AUDITORS. Downard, Jesse Beeeon, Thomas Townsend, Georgc Harleu, Benj. Harleu, Junr., Isaac Johnson, George Hackney, Samuel 1S5l. James H. Springer. 1867. Henry Sutton. 18%. Isaac Brownfield. Gregg, John Mason, Nathaniel Sanems, William Dixon, Re- , 1S6S. Noah Bronn. beliah Dixon, Wm. Campbell, Jr., Mahy Campbell, Junr., James Samuel Hatfield. 1S69. Henry Sutton. Campbell, William Dison, Junr., Charles Gouse, Ebenezer 1856. Thomas H. Fenn. Louis S. Williams. Walker, Rachel Walker, George Walker, William Whiteside." 1857. Thomas Seman. 1870. John Brownfield. 185s. H. C. Jeffries. 1876. William Parshall. In the year 1804 the name of John Barnes is given I S59. Jeffries Hague. David S. Rrchie. on the assessment-roll as a coppersmith. In 1807 a 1S61. Abraham Hayden. Perry G. White. shop was built on the Thomas Gard property by James 1562. Henry Sutton. 1577. Isaac Brownfield. Barnes for the manufacture of sickles. 1 sci.3. Calvin Mosier. Joseph Hopvood. It mas frequently related by Mr. Basil Brownfield, 1 Sti4. Ezra Seman. 1878. Joseph Hop~~ood. 1865. Robert Hagan. who died in South Union in August, 1881, at the age David S. Richie. 1S66. George Peagley. ISSl. Charles L. Smith. of eighty-six years, that about twenty years ago he was told by Judge Friend, of Garret County, Md., ASSESSORS. that his (Judge Friend's) grandfather mas a great 1S5l. Calvin Springer. I 1867-69. Calvin Mosier. hunter and an acquaintance and friend of Daniel 1852. John Sackett. 1SiO. James Hutchinson, 1853-54. Isaac Hutchinson. , 1873. William E. Chick. Boone, the pioneer of Kentucky, and that upon one 1855. I. A. Hague. ' 1874. Clark E. Hutchins. occasion, being out on a hunting expedition with 1S5.i. John I?. Foster. / 1Si5. Calvin Mosier. Boone, they crossed the Laurel Hill in what is now 1855. Henry Sutton. I 1877-78. William E Chick. Fayette Count,y and bivouacked for the night by a IS59-61. Wm. D. Kesmith. Calvin Mosier. fine spring at or near the spot where Gaddis Fort was 1862. Thomas Calhoun. 1579. William N. Canan. built nearly twenty-five years later. Here at daylight 1663. Samuel Hatfield. ISSO. William T. Kennedy. the next morning they were surprised and captured Galh0un. , 1SS1. Josiah V. Killiams. by a party of French and Indians, by whom they : 1s65-66- James Hutchinson. mere disarmed, robbed of everything they had but SCHOOLS. their clothes, and taken to the summit of Laurel The first school in the tomship of South Union Hill, where they were dismissed with the admonition 1 ,s taught on the Hellen Hill farm, adjoining the never to be again found west of the mountain on , peter ~~~k farm; another very early school was penal@ of death by torture- This, Judge Friend ! taught on the Benjamin Brownfield farm. *liver said, was told to him by his grandfather, who placed ' Sproull (who was a segeant in col. ~~~t~~~~l;,~ the date of the adventure at about 1750. I regiment) was a teacher here for about twenty years . . in the early days. ERECTION, BOUNDARIES, AXD LIST OF OFFICERS. In 1857 the county superintendent's report showed The erection of South Union township by act of that there were then in this towuship four schools General Assembly, March 11, 1851, has already been under five teachers and 278 school children. The

NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 685 amount of tax levied for school purposes was $618. Several blocks of houses, each containing eight The report of the school year of 1880-81 shows 242 rooms, and intended for use of the miners, have been pupils and five teachers. Total expenditure for school built at the works. A large brick store building has purposes, $1088.15; valuation of school property, also been erected. Two stone-quarries have been %000. opened on the property near the oven-beds. The The township is divided into five school districts, location of the works is near the head of a mountain called Hatfield, Monroe, Hutchinson, Hague, and stream, which furnishes an abundant supply of pure Poplar Lane. The list of school directors from the water. The coke manufactured here is contracted for formation of the township to'the present time is as by J. D. Spearman Iron Company, in Mercer County, follows, as shown by the election returns, viz. : Pa.

SCHOOL DIRECTORS. CHICAGO AND CONNELLSVILLE COKE COMPANP'S 1951. Charle's G. Tnmer. I 1566. Jefferson A. Hague. WORKS. Abmham Hayden. / 1S67. Thornas Seman. I The land on which the works of this company are 1S52. Samuel Hutchinson. John Snyder. located (being a part of the McCoy tract, taken up in Isaac W iggins. John Ring. 1769) lies on the line of the Southwest Pennsylvania John Hague. Isaac Hotchinson. Railroad, about three-fourths of a mile south of 1S.53. Charles G. Turner. I lS6S. Julius Shipley. Henry Sutton. I John Johnson. Uniontown. About four hundred acres of coal right 1554. Samuel Hatfield. 1569. Porter Craig. and twenty-one acres of' surface was prchased- of Emmanuel Brown. I Robert Hagan. Greenbury Crossland and William Hopwood by Jas- ld55. Isaac Wiggins. 1 Julius Shipley. per M. Thompson, Alpheus E. Willson, Dr. Smith William Custead. I 1870. Julius Sbipley. Fuller, William H. Playford, Daniel Kaine, John 1S56. Charles G. Turner. Noah Brown. Snyder, Charles E. Boyle, and Thomas B. Schnat- 1857. Evan Moore. 1873. Charles L. Smith. terly, and on the 14th of February, 1880, these gen- Tobi:is Sutton. Jesse Reed. tlemen sold to Robert Montgomery, of Pittsburgh, 1555. Thomas Seman. 1874. H. C. Jeffries. Charles G. Turner. Isaac Hutchinson. the twenty-one acres of surface, and the right to all 1959. Isaac Wiggins. ' 1Si5. Francis M. Seman. coal and minerals underlying three hundred and Isaac Hutchinson. Joseph I. Johnson. twenty-six acres of their lands. Thereupon the Chi- 1961. M. Fell. 1576. John Brownfield. cago and Connellsville Coke Company was formed, Benjamin F. Hellen. James Laughead. consisting of Robert Montgomery, Mr. McNair, of Basil Brownfield. 1877. H. C. Jeffries. St. Louis, and Alexander J. Leith, of Chicago, the 1862. Robert Bailey. Jacob M. Beeson. last-named gentleman being its president. In the Christopher Rifle. 187s. T. P. Eioher. month following the purchase they commenced the 1863. Alfred Brown. John Davis. Thomas Seman. 1879. James A. Laughead. sinking of the shaft and the construction of ovens, of 1564. John Snyder. Isaac A. Brownfield. which one hundred and six had been completed by Robert Hagan. Robert T. Sutton. the 1st of May, 1881, and one hundred and seventy- 1S65. Nahlon Fell. Alfred Brown. eight have been added since that time. The shaft Joseph Johnson. 1850. Jacob &I.Johnson. has been sunk two hundred and seventy-eight feet, 1866. John C. Johnson. 1581. Elijah Hutchinson. and a derrick one hundred feet in height erected over Samuel Hatfield. Addison C. Bi-ant. it. From the base of the shaft six entries (including Calvin Mosier. the air-course) radiate in different directions. The THE REDSTONE COKE-WORKS. main entry of flat-heading was in July, 1881, two These works, owned and operated by J. IT;. Moore hundred and tyenty feet in length, and the one of the & Go., are situated about three miles south of Union- other two hundred feet. rising towards the surface. town, near the railroad leading from that town to The company have erected at the works a large brick Fairchance. The property embraces about six hun- store and thirty blocks of tenements for the use of dred acres of land, with a frontage of nearly two miles the miners and other employ6s. along the line of the railroad. A part of this land The coal mined by this company is all manufac- was purchased in 1880, and the construction of ovens tured into coke, and the product of the ovens is sold then commenced. On the let of May, 1881, seventy- under contract to the Joliet Steel Company, of Joliet, five were completed, and ninety-five have since been Ill., of which company Mr. Leith is also the presi- added. It is the intention of the owners to increase dent. the number to three hundred. MONROE. The mine is entered by a slope or " dip-heading," This town, located on the line between North and with a grade of one foot in twelve, and has been ex- South Union, was laid out by John Hopwood, Nov. tended to six hundred feet. Three hundred feet from 8, 1791, and by him then named Woodstock. The the entrance is t,he first flat-heading, which extends tract of land upon which the town was erected was southward, and from this another runs parallel with pateuted by John Hopwood from Richard Penn, the slope-heading. Governor of Pennsylvania, April 1,1756. The patent 44

686 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. - granted four hundred and fifty acres lying in the lots although non-residents, should think the said fund valley along Redstone Creek. Prior to this, viz., sufficiently large to warrant the undertaking of erect- Nov. 23, 1735, he had purchased a tract of land from , ing such buildings as mould be proper for an academy. James >IcClean, brother of Alexander McClean. In As a suitable location for the academy, he deeded addition to these valuable possessions, John Hop- lots Nos. 1 and 2 to the inhabitants of the town and wood acquired by purchase from Moses Sutton two their heirs and assigns forever, to be used for this and other tracts of land bounding his other property on for no other intent or purpose whatever. This acad- the West. John Hopwood readily discerned that emy was afterwards built, and in the minutes of the his location mas advantageous in many respects, being I Great Bethel Baptist Church are found resolutions on the old Braddock road, over ~~hichpassed the looking to their patronizing the " Union Academy of travelers from the East to the land of Boone, and , Woodstock" as a denomination. This was July 19, being at the base of the Laurel Hill, where the pro- 1794, and was doubtless one of the first academies in fuse water-power coming from the hills and flowing ' this part of the State. through his possessions might be readily utilized for In the general plan of his torn, lots Nos. SO 2nd 81 driving mills and factories. The traveling traffic had were reserved for a market-house, and "for the erec- so increased that it became imperative to afford the tion of said Academy and Market-House" the inhab- new-comers public-house accommodations. With all itants were to have the privilege of using all the stone these, and doubtless many additional views, John and timber from the aforementioned three-hundred- Hopnyood founded the town, and for the accomplish- - acre tract, free. The proprietor of the town had ment of this design he set apart two hundred acres of granted so many privileges that the town grew rap- the land he had received by patent, and divided these idly. Among the earliest settlers and citizens of the two hundred acres into four hundred lots. to& were Nicholas Sperry, Moses Hunter, John The charter of the town guaranteed the following Haymaker, Nathaniel Wills, Edward Slater, John benefits and general advantages, viz. : Each purchaser Sockman, Joseph Chambers, Philip Kcontz, Adam of a lot was to have the privilege to enter upon a three- Albert, Frederick Snyder, Richard Holliday, Luke hundred-acre tract lying contiguous to the town, and D. Reddecoard, John Morrow, John Fessler, Richard take therefrom any stone or timber necessary for the Bowen, Peter Lauch, Caleb Hall, Patrick Byrne, Ann erection of their buildings free of charge, also any Barnholdt, Simon Lauck, John Formmalt, William timber for the purpose of improving their lots in said Tyler, William Thorn, Jacob Storm, George Tilley, town, for the period of ten years from the date of their Johnston Smith, John Rhea, John Shietz, Jacob respective. purchases. The terms of sale required Clowser, John Schley, Alexander Smith, Alexander the purchaser to pzy an annual ground-rent of one- Doyle, Joseph Semmes, Henry Walker, William half a Spanish milled dollar or a bushel of wheat. Deakins, Jr., George Gilpin, Robert Peters, John The founder of the town further stipulated that un- Leese, John C. Sneider, John Ritchie, Josiah Star- less the purchasers of these lots or their heirs or as- berry, Isaac Sutton, Sr., Peter Deast, Sr., Zacheus signs should improve their lots by bidding thereon a Morgan, Christian Street, Archibald McClean, Mar- good dwelling-house at least twenty-four feet front garet Reynolds, Isaac Sutton, Jr., Daniel Roberdean, and sixteen feet in depth, with sufficient stone or David Russell, William M. Lemmon, William Lem- brick chimney thereto, at or before the expiration of mon, Sr., Samuel Sutton, Christopher Sowers, and five years from the date of the purchase, then the said William Lucas. lot or lots should be forfeited to the grantor. In 1793 the occupations of some of the lot-owners John Hopwood mas a thorough scholar, and desir- and residents of the town mere as follows, viz. : Pat- ing that the inhabitants of the town might have fa- rick Byrn, merchant ; George Tilley, merchant ; Chris- cilities for acquiring education, he set apart for the tian Street, minister; Isaac Sutton, Sr., minister; building and furnishing of an "Academy of Learn- John C. Sneider, physician; Hanson & Bond, prin- ing" all ground-rent which should become due and ters ; Richard Bowen, printer; Nathaniel Willis, be paid on the lots for the period of twenty years from printer ; Simon Lauck, gunsmith ; John Foornwalt, the date of the charter, together with all the moneys baker ; William Tyler, bookbinder ; John Shietz, arising from the sale of any lot or lots forfeited as gunsmith ; John Clowser, blacksmith ; John Schley, aforesaid for the space of twenty years, also one-fifth coppersmith ; John Haymaker, blacksmith ; Edward part of the first purchase money of all lots in said Slater, cabinet-maker; Adam Albert, blacksmith; town for the same period, and to further the object John Fessler, clock-maker ; Joseph Chambers, black- Alexander NcClean, Dennis Springer, and Joseph smith; Peter Lauck, tavern-keeper; Caleb Hall, cab- Huston, Esqs., or their successors in office, were to inet-maker ; Philip Koontz, butcher. act as trustees, to collect, receive, and hold the fund Thus the town grew and prospered. In 1802, John for building and endowing the '' Academy of Learn- Hopwood, the proprietor, died. In 1816, Moses Hop- ing" in the said town, to be built whenever a ma- wood, the only son of the founder, who by will had jority of the inhabitants residing in and holding lots inherited all the wealth of his father, decided to lay in fee simple in the town, and proprietors of improved out an addition to the town. At that time the Na-

NORTH UNIOS AND SOUTH UNION TORNSHLPS.

tional road was rapidly appro:d~ingMonroe, and as ing of Woodstock, in 1791, tavern-houses were opened it was completed from point to point supplanted the thereby John De Ford, James McLucas, Jesse Barnes, old "Braddock road." During the Presidential cam- Lewis Williams, and Benjamin Minton. At that time I paign of 1816, James Monroe came through here on it was considered a good day's travel to drive from his trip westward, and was the guest of Moses Hop- Woodstock to John Slack's, only four miles distant, wood, who informed the Presidential candidate of his but that was prior to the existence of the National intention to enlarge and rename the town, and asked road, when the old Braddock road was too rough for Mr. Monroe what he should call it. The future Presi- vehicles. When the addition had been made other dent requested that it be naded for him, and accord- tavern stands sprung up in rapid succession on the ingly yhen the town had been completed in plan in new Main Street. Xay, 1818, it was so named,--Monroe. Prior to this The John De Ford tavern was the first in the new (in 1817) he had christened one of his sons for the town. His stone building was erected in 1818. The President. The new town was laid out so as to con- persons who did the stone-work were John Sutton, form to the original Woodstock plat. It consisted of Matthias Chipps, and his son, David Chipps; the eighty-eight lots. The front or main street received carpenter-work was d~neby Gabriel Getzendiner, the name of Franklin, and afterwards became the John Farr, and Elias Freeman. Mr. John De Ford National road. The other principal streets were kept it as a hotel for a number of years, and then re- Perry, Findlay, Washington, Jefferson, and Madison. moved to Carrollton, Ohio. Matthias Frey succeeded Among the first lot-owners may be mentioned Wil- him in the business, and then Henry Fisher. It is liam Hart, Isaac Beeson, James Watkins, Jesse now used as a residence. Barnes, John Farr, John Farr, Jr., James Barnes, , Rachel Bebout, Robert Cooper, Reuben Mockabee, The German D. Hair tavern-house was built in Rebecca Allen, John Gusted, William Morris, Julian , 1818, by William Morris. He sold it to Thomas Wood, Hannah M. Wood, Samuel Hall, Zachariah Brownfield, March 13, 1822, after which it was com- White, Patrick Bradley, Thomas Ropwood, James pleted, the stone-work being done by Benjamin Hopwood, Gaddis Hopwood, Elisha Hpatt, James Goodin, Robert Cooper, John Sutton, and John Har- McLucas, Jacob Harbaugh,, Henry Barber, Hiram ' vey, Sr., and the carpenter-work by Gabriel Getzendi- Miller, David Davis, William Hopwood, Enoch W. , ner and Enos West. After William Morris retired Clement, Rice G. Hopwood, William Beattie, and from it, Joseph Noble, Andrew McMasters, and Ger- Joseph Fisher. man D. Hair occupied it as a tavern. From 1818 until the opening of the railway system the National road mas the great thoroughfare of travel i The Morris tavern was built by William Morris in between the East and West, and during all this pe- 1823, on an elerated site west of the town. This riod of more than thirty years this town enjoyed a / building was of brick. The mason-work was done prosperity that few towns of equal size participated ' by Benjamin Goodin and Matthias Chipps, and the in to such an extent. To illustrate the business which ; carpenter-work by Elias Freeman, Gabriel Getzen- was done in the town during its prosperous years, it diner, and John Farr. William Morris kept this, need but be mentioned that acres of covered wagons his second public-house, for a number of years, and could be seen every night in the week in Monroe, and was succeeded by Calvin Morris and Matthias Frey. from five to ten thousand head of hogs and cattle ;May 22,1846, it was sold to Moses Hopwood, James were centred at this point every evening, so that the , Hopwood, Gaddis Hopwood, and John N. Freeman. drovers might get an early start over the mountains ' Since that time the house has been occupied as a res- before daylight in the morning. Then, in addition to , idence by the person operating the coal farm, which these caravans and trains of covered wagons, there was sold with the house. were numerous gangs of slaves on their way from Virginia.to Kentucky. The town of Monroe was the The Andrew McMasters tavern was built in 1825. place which all travelers aimed to reach at night, so The stone-work was done by Abraham Beagle, John that they might be fresh for the task of passing over Harvey, and William Harvey. The carpenters were the mountains in the early morning. As further in- James Thirlmell, Enos West, Gabriel Getzendiner, dicative of the prominence and importance of the and Lawrence Griffith. The following persons occu- town, the proposition to change the county-seat from pied it as a public-house : Andrew McMasters, Lott Uniontown to Monroe was at one time considered. 1 Clawson, Enos W. Clement, Thomas Acklin, Matthias Gaddis Hopwood, Esq., made the argument in favor Frey, James Shaffer, and John Worthington, after of the change, but the larger town continued the which it passed into the possession of Benjamin county-seat. ' Hayden, and has since been used as a residence. TAVERNS. I One of the first requisites in a town is accommoda- The Clement House, since known as the Shipley tion for the traveling public; this necessity brings I Hotel, mas erected by Enoch Wilson Clement in public-houses into existence. Soon after the found- I 1839. John Harvey, Jr., did the stone-work. Mr.

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COTJNTY, PENNSYLVAPU'IA. ------I Clement kept it five years, at the expiration of which I and Thomas Barnes tanned and dressed deerskins time it was sold to Col. Benjamin Bromnfield, whose for leather breeches, which were at that time consid- son, Elijah Bromnfield, kept it as a tavern two years. ered necessary to an aristocratic dress. It then went into the following hands successively : Among the earliest industries of the town was that Benjamin Brownfield, Jr., Archibald Skiles, John of wagon-making. The needs of the times when all Worthington, John Wallace, Matthias Frey. Aaron the travel was overland brought these shops into ex- Wyatt then bought the property, and after keeping istence. John Farr and John Hannah were the first hotel one year sold it in 1858 to Samuel Shipley, wagon-makers in the town. They carried on the busi- who sold it to his son Julius, after which it was I ness for a number of years, and were succeeded in 1830 rented to Ezra Burke, Redding Bunting, and Lindsay I by Lott Clzwson, who has carried on the business Messmore. The property is at present in the posses- for fifty years. In the mean time others have estab- sion of -4. C. Brant, and is by him used as a dwelling- lished themselves here, among whom mere Horatio house. I Griffith, who carried on the business some ten years, and then John Custead, who is yet engaged in it. The Miller Hotel, a large stone building, was The first to engage in blacksmithing in the town erected by Moses Hopwood, Jr., as a residence. He mere Dennis Bryan and Lewis Williams. These were disposed of it to Elisha Hyatt, who in a few years resold it to Hiram Miller. The latter gentleman followed by Zachariah White, John Johnson, Philip Horner, Fogg Jenkins, William Amos, Jonas Pratt, kept a public-house for some twenty years. Since then it has been used as a private residence by Mrs. Joseph and David Fisher, William Waliace, Bryson Devan, Samuel Hickle, and 0. Devan. $1. M. Beeson. At one time there mas an extensive comb manu- The Frame Tavern building mas originally in- factory in Monroe, the business being carried on by tended as a dwelling-house when erected by William Thomas Nesmith. From 1828 until 1855 he con- Ellis. He aftermards disposed of it to Matthias ducted the business, and most of the time had ped- Frey, and that gentleman enlarged it and converted dlers on the road selling the product of his horn-comb it into a tavern. He was succeeded in business bv manufactory. James Dennison and Thomas Acklin. About 1840, William,Graham opened a chair- and STORES. wheelwright-factory, and this remained in operation The first store in the town mas opened by R,euben until 1847, at which time the works mere removed to Mockabee. In it was kept a general assortment of Waynesbnrg, Pa. dry-goods and groceries. He kept in Woodstock, In 1832-33, Thomas Hopwood, now of Oregon, had and when Monroe was laid out removed to Franklin built the Monroe Flouring-Mill, which has been suc- Street, and built a store and residence where the cessfully carried on ever since. Jacob Dutton was dwelling of Mrs. Elizabeth Hays is at present. Mr. the contractor and millwright. . Mockabee aftermards remored to Brownsville. Ben- For the past tweng years John Ingles has been jamin Hayden was the nest to follow the mercantile carrying on the business of broom-making in the business in the town, and he was soon followed by town. Gaddis Hopwood, Thomas Hopmood, James Hop- Isaac Barkley has followed the harness- and saddle- wood, and MonroeHopmood. These brothers were not making business a great number of years, and thou- in partnership, but kept the store in succession. The sands of specimens of' his workmanship are in the last one, Monroe Hopwood, carried on the business country. for twenty-five years. Coming on down through the A carding-machine was put in operation here about history of the town, the following persons are found 1820 by George Gregg and William Stumph. They engaged in store-keeping, viz. : James Canan, Joseph carried on the business for a number of years. Peach, William Shipley (who in 1865 bought the TRIP-HAMMER FORGE. store of Benjamin Hay den), Jacob Llemellyn, and A. S. Ingles, who in 1868 sold out to Frank &I. Se- Soon after 1800 there mas a trip-hammer forge mans, but in 1870 embarked in the business again. constructed in the town of Monroe (then Woodstockj In thirteen years Mr. Ingles sold one hundred thou- by the Hopwoods. This mas called Vulcan Forge, sand dollars' worth of goods in Monroe. F. &I. Semans and in 1800 John Hopwood had all of the materials has carried on the business successfully for thirteen in readiness for its construction. Soon after (in years past in the old store occupied by the Hopwood 1802) he died, and his son Moses completed the brothers in former days. Other merchants have been work. This forge and trip-hammer mas in operation jamesE. ~~qS. H. BI~,,~, W. H. cottom, M~~~~~ some fifteen years. It is said that ~athanieiNitch- Canan, A. Shipley, and Benjamin Rissinger. / ell had charge of it for a time, and in 1813 Lewis Williams bought it from Moses Hopwood, and the MASUFACTORIES. 1 consideration was payable in a good assortment of As early as 1810, David Tliilcox made shoes, boots, hoes, axes, mattocks, plow-irons, and shovels be and moccasins in this town, and Hezekiah Reinier ! fore April 1, 1818. The cupola and trip-hammer

KORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS.

were operated by the stream of water which flows CHURCHES. through " Lick Hollow." The earliest church organization in the town was the Methodist Episcopal. This society was formed as DISTILLERY. \ early as 1825, at which time, and for several subse- There was a distillery in the southern limits of quent years, they had preaching at the residence of Monroe. It was owned by Joseph Frazier, and then Moses Hopwood, Sr., when such eloquent divines as by James Calhoun. Long since it was removed from John H. Fielding, Charles Elliot, Henry B. Bascom, the stream of water where it was located, and a resi- John A. Waterman, James G. Sansom, and Thomas dence was made of it on the front street in Monroe. M. Hudson preached to this society. In 1830 the Methodist Protestant Church was organized, and THE PROFESSIONS. many seceded from the Methodist Episcopal Church These have been 11-ell represented from Monroe. and united with the new organization. The early Among the lawyers of the place me ha~eRice G. members of the church prior to the formation of the Hopmood, for many years one of the foremost mem- new society mere Joseph Frazier, Stephen Brown, bers of the Fayette County bar, and Albert Hnyden, Hannah Hopmood, Moses Hopwood, Gaddis Hop- an active practitioner at Fairmount, W. Va. wood, Thomas Farr, Lucy Farr, Mrs. Brown, John De Ford, Lydia De Ford, James Hopwood, ViTilliam Among the physicians of Monroe may be men- Hopwood, Thomas J. Nesmith, and William Ellis. tioned Jordan Morris, son of William Morris, who In 1833 the Methodist Episcopal Church, under is now practicing in the West; Thomas Hudson Hop- the pastorate of Rev. J. K. Miller, built the stone ~vood,son of Willianl Hopmood, Esq., who was a church in which they still worship. The succeeding promising young physician at the breaking out of ministers who have cared for the spiritual welfare of the R.ebellion, and allowing his patriotism to over- this society and congregation are as follows, viz.: come his other desires, he enlisted, passed through Revs. John White, David L. Dempsey, David Hess, the mar, and came home in 1867 a major in the William Tipton, Hamilton Cree, Warner Long, Eben- United States army, to die from injuries and wounds ezer Hays, Henry Kerns, Richard Jordan, John L. received on the battle-field. Irwin, Samuel Wakefield, R. Gordon, Martin Stew- Xoses Hopwood, son of Rev. James Hopwood, re- art, -Ruter, - McClaig, John S. Lemon, L. moved to Iowa, where he practiced medicine a R. Beacom, Joseph Horner, Henry Long, William K. number of years, and finally yielded to that fell de- Foutch, William C. P. Hamilton, Walter K. Brown, stroyer consumption. H. Snyder, S. Show, Isaac P. Sadler, John McIntire, Dr. Alonzo Hopwood, now of Vinton, Iowa, was E. B. Griffin, T. H. Wilkinson, Homer J. Smith, W. born in this town, and removed to his nem- home in D. Stevens, H. L. Chapman, J. L. Stiffy, Charles Mc- . 1861. Caslin, J. Momeyer, D. J. Davis, Sylvanus Lane, M. Dr. William H. Ropmood, son of William Hop- D. Lichliter, R. J. White, John T. Stify, and the wood, Esq., now located at Upper Middletown, Fay- present pastor, Rev. W. L. McGrew. ette Co., is a graduate of Jefferson Medical College, When this circuit was first organized the charge Philadelphia, Pa., class of 1876. was in the Uniontown Circuit, afterwards changed to Fayette Circuit. It has since received the name Among the clergymen who have labored in Xonroe of Smithfield Circuit. Since its organization this mag be mentioned the following : society has had the following persons as class-leaders, James Hopwood, son of Moses Hopwood, Sr., be- , viz. : Moses Hopwood, Gaddis Hopwood, Jesse Sacket gan his ministerial career in 1827, and was for many Perry G. White, Monroe Hopwood, George Hopwood, years an efficient preacher in the Methodist Church. 1 Jesse Reed. He died March 4, 1881, at his home in Vinton, Iowa. In 1828 and 1829, under Charles Elliot, there mas a Wiiliam Ellis commenced preaching at the same / great revival, which lasted through the summer and time James Hopwood did. Subsequently he united , winter, and there were about one hundred and fifty with the Baptist Church, but has now ceased labor on , accessions to the church. This revival, under the account of age. same preacher, swept all Uniontown and5Madison James Brown, pastor of the Baptist Church at Con- ' College, and hundreds were there converted. This is fluence, Pa., commenced his ministry in the Monroe said to have been the most remarkable revival of re- Methodist Protestant Church. ligion ever known in this part of the country. William Wallace was formerly a blacksmith in the tomn. Having been converted, he left the forge and ' THE METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. anvil to preach the glad tidings to the world of sinners. As has been previously stated, there was a division He is now a successful preacher in the Pittsburgh in the church in 1829. In 1833, soon after the Meth- Conference, Methodist Protestant Church. odist Episcopal Church had succeeded in building a Moses Hopwood, Sr., Gaddis Hapwood, and Thomas house of worship, the Methodist Protestant Church Nesmith were all useful as local ministers. also erected a church edifice. Their first class con-

690 HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANII.

I sisted of the following persons, viz. : Joseph Frazier, Mrs. Priscilla White. This school has the names of John De Ford, Sr. (who afterwards removed to Ohio about one hundred and fifty teachers, officers, and and died there, aged one hundred and four years), / scholars upon its roll. Samuel Littell, Stephen Brown, Sr., James Hopmood, SCHOOLS. Louisa Hopwood, Thomas Hopwood, Elizabeth Hop- wood, Thomas Brownfield, Obadiah Ellis, Thomas After the death of John Ropwood his academy Nesmith, Lydia De Ford, Harriet De Ford, William was discontinued, yet the desire for knowledge had De Ford, Elizabeth De Ford, Hannah Brownfield, received such an impetus that it never ceased to exist, >Iargaret Rankin, Blargaret Frazier, William Ellis, I and to the teachers and the schools the town owes Margaret Devan, and Moses Farr. James Hopwood much of its prosperity. One of the earliest teachers n7as the first class-leader. His successors in that 1 mas Alexander Clear, a lame man, who had some office were Thomas J. Nesmith, William De Ford, thirty pupils, and boarded at the home of Moses SIoses Farr, Stephen K. Brown, John Bennington, Sr. I Hopsood, Sr. Following him mere William Downer, J. Muckadoo, Samuel Lathrop, 3Ir. Rolin, William The first preacher for this church was JIoses Scott, ' Hart (a surveyor and teacher), Mr. Sproul, Mr. who was followed by the following-named ministers : Canby, John I. Dorsey, Benjamin Hayden, William . Thomas Stynchicum afterwards intermarried Ellis, Calvin Watson, Abram Hayden, Messrs. Van- withsthe family of "Stonemall" Jackson), John Hunts- dingburg, and - Morton. After this time the man, James Robinson, John Burrs, William College, common school law of Pennsylvania came into efect, - Porter, - Piper, D. B. Dorsey, James Hop- and a stone school-house was built on the site of the \vood, John Scott (now editor of the Jfifhodiqt Re- present frame building. William Ellis was the first corder), John Woodruff, Valentine Lucas, Joseph 1 teacher after the enactment of the new school law. Burns, -Ross, John Stillion, Denton Hughes, P. At that time Col. Samuel Evans and William Bryson T. Laishley, Amos Hutton, William BetC, F. H. sere directors in Union township. Davis, Isaac Francis, - Boulton, Henry Palmer, ' In 1851 the township was divided for school pur- Joel Woods, Jesse Hull, James Phipps, John Tygert, ;l poses, and the old brick school-house was erected in John Patton, John Rutledge, M. Stillwell, P. T. Con- South Union. The first teacher in this school was J. away, Henry Lucas, Geo. G. Conaway, William Wal- P. Blair. The school-house was torn down a few lace, and E. A. Brindley. years since, and a new brick building erected in its Prior to 1833 this church held their services in an place. old log house which had been fitted up as a school- 1 -. house. , I SABBATH-SCHOOLS. BIOGRAPHl CAL SKETCHES. For a great many years the Nethodist Episcopal -- - and Methodist Protestant congregations have had LEV1 SPRINGER.' Sabbath-schools here in connection with the churches. i The Methodist Episcopal Sabbath-school has been 1 Levi Springer, a notable and characterful man of very prosperous during the term of its existence. The his times, was born in Worth Uniontown, Aug. 14, present superintendent is Mr. George Hopwood, under 1777, and died Feb. 15, 1862. His ancestors came to whose management it has taken front rank among the America from Sweden, but his stock was remotely live schools of the county ; and from the report made German. The name "Springer" was given, in sport, at the late county convention of Sabbath-school by an emperor of Germany, in the eleventh century, workers we glean the fact that there were sixty con- to a relation of his, in consequence of an adventurous versions in this school during the year 1880. At leap by the latter into the river Saale from the castle present the number of officers, teachers, and scholars of Geibichenstein, where he had been imprisoned for on the roll is about two hundred and ninety. Other an alleged crime. This original Springer was par- superintendents and prominent workers have been doned by the emperor, and his estates and powers John Custead, N. H. Black, John S. Dawson, James I also increased. Reed, 0.Devan, J. E. Goff, Monroe Hopwood, Simon i Dennis Springer, the grandfather of Levi Springer, Matson, James Williams, A. Hayden, A. Shiplev, lived in early life in New Jersey, where he married Daniel Crawford, &I.Silbaugh. 1 at Burlington, in 1736, Ann Prickett, where, it is said , to be without doubt, Josiah, Levi, Sr., and other PROTESTAST THE XETHODIST SABBATH-SCNOOL i children mere born to him. Levi, born 1744, married, is at present in excellent condition, and in the past about 1768, Annie Gaddis, by whom he had seven it has done good work. Among the superintendents children,-Drusilla, Abner, Ruth, Annie, William, mav be mentioned William Barnes. Thomas G. Barnes. - --- 1 FOPthe~~etymologywof the name Springer, and above-mentioned jacob D. xoore, and ~b~~~ ~~~d~~.prominent 1 facts concerning Dennis Springer, the writer is indebted to the "Gm* among the workers have been &loses Farr7 Rhinaldo ;$logical Table and History of the Springer Family, by 1.C. Spriwwof Farr, Mrs. L. W. Ciawson, I%-s. W. 3.Canan, and Lincolu, Ran."

SORTH UNIOX AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. * 691

Zadoc, and Levi, Jr. His wife died in 1'778, and in ' he now lives, Oct. 8, 1802, the youngest child of his 1780 he married the widow Sarah Duke (whose parents, who had two sons and three daughters. In maiden name was Shephard), by nhom he had eight , childhood Mr. Jones went to the common schools, cliildren,-Sarah, Hannah, Elizabeth, Lydia, Rachel, 1 and enjoyed the iostructions of a gentleman who David, Dennis, and Job. Levi, Sr., died March 26, 1 afterwards became the distinguished Judge James 1823, and his second wife, Sarah, Oct. 26,1832. Den- Todd, and at sixteen years of age attended a select nis eventually moved &-Virginia, and purcha&d 1 .;chool for a while In 1819 he mas apprenticed to and settled upon land surveyed to him on Apple-Pie learn the trade of cabinet-making, at which, as ap- ~idg-gby George Washington. It was obtained from 1 prentice and journeyman, he continued for five years, Fairfax, who resided in the neighborhood. Levi during which he took a course of book-keeping. Springer, Sr., lived for a time with his father, Dennis, Thereafter for two summers he was occupied with the in Virginia, where he married, and where were borr, 1 civil engineers who made the United States surreys two of his children, with whom and their mother he 1 for the then contemplated extension of the Chesa- removed intoLFayette County about 1773, and here I peake and Ohio Canal westward from Cumberland, the younger Lei-i, as noted abore, was born, and here / under Capt. Shriver. He next engaged for a while raised, being instructed in childhood, according to the in stock-driring, wherein he obtained an experience manner of the times, in domestic private schools. , which has since in life availed him profitably as a Early in life he engaged in boating from Brownsville stock-raiser and dealer. In 1826 he betook himself to New Orleans, La., and frequently made return 50 the life of a farmer, stock-raiser, etc., which he has trips home from that far-off point on horseback since pursued. In 1835 he bought a farm, which he through the wilderness, though sometimes coming now occupies, and to which he has added until it now back by vessel as far as Kew York. His actil-e life- covers about two hundred and forty acres of excellent time home was within a quarter of a mile of his birth- land, one hundred and twenty acres of which are un- place, which is now in possession of the family of derlaid with the celebrated nine feet stratum of Con- Dennis Springer (deceased), having never been sold nellsville coking coal. On July 26,1851, he suffered since first taken possession of by the elder Levi under 1 a notable disaster in the destruction of his house and the law of "tomahawk improvement." 1 farm buiidings, near midnight, through a violent tor- Mr. Springer after his boating days led the life of n nado, being then obliged to retreat from his house farmer mainly, but occasionally dealt in real estate, / with a family of thirteen persons. He rebuilt the and withal became a man of wealth. His judgment house and barns in the same year. of the value of lands and other property was excel- Mr. Jones is a life-long Democrat, but not a poli- lent, and leading operators in his vicinity were wont tician, always averring that he would not accept to consult him when proposing to invest t.heir money. political office on any condition. He is, and has been He bore an unsullied character for integrity, was a for forty-seven years, a member of the Nethodist man of large stature, very energetic, of strong will, Episcopal Church, having been steward nearly all and, it is said, never failed to accomplish what he that time. During his long life of eighty years he undertook. He was an old-line Whig, and afterwards has borne himself with unquestioned fidelity to duty, a Republican, taking earnest interest in politics. and enjoys among his neighbors a high charact,er for In the spring of 1828 he married Catharine Todd. probity and honorable business dealing. a widow (whose maiden name n-as Condon), and who He was in June, 1826, united in marriage with had one child, John 0. Todd, who resides in North Jane Van Horn, of Fayette County, who died Feb. Union township. Mr. and Mrs. Springer (who died in 10, 1879, in her seventy-seventh year, and by whom March, 1859) mere the parents of three daughters,- he had five sons and six daughters, all of whom Ruth Ann, who married Henry W. Gaddis; Kate, reached majority, and eight of whom are now living. married to John Fuller; and Priscilla G., wife of D. 0. Cunningham, of Pittsburgh.

SAMUEL IN. CLEMENT. Mr. Samuel M. Clement, of English descent and JOHN JONES. Quaker stock, was born at Camden, N. J., Aug. 8, Mr. John Jones is the grandson of one of the first 1798, and emigrated thence with his father and family settlers of Hummeltown, near Reading, Pa., and the to Fayette County at the ageof twelve years. He son of John Jones (Sr.), who migrated, with his wife, , mas educated at the schools of Uniontown, and re- from Berks County to Fayette County, and settled in ' sided on a farm in North Union township for a nnm- Enion township in 1792. His mother was Sarah ber of years. About 1834 he kept a hotel in the Lincoln, of Quaker ancestry, the daughter of Mor- mountains at the old Inks stand, half a mile east of decai Lincoln, born in the neighborhood of Hummel- Farmington; and about 1835 he and a partner took: town, and of the same stock as Abraham Lincoln, the and prosecuted a valuable contract for macadamizing martyred President. Mr. Jones was born near where ' on the I)u'ationnl road, a few miles east of Wheeling,

HISTORY OF FAYETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA.

W. Va. Leaving the mountains he removed to his farm hospitable, and respected by his neighbors for his in North 'Cnion township, where he conducted for honesty and charity. He has always been an ardent several years, and very successfully, a woolen-mill, Democrat, casting his first Presidential vote for An- which he subsequently converted into a grist-mill drew Jackson. His memory is retentive, and he de- that is still in operation. Mr. Clement died Jan. 8, lights in relating incidents in the early history of the 1876. county. His race is nearly run. and he realizes the He mas a gentleman of genial t,emperament,jovial, truth of the proverbial saying, " Once a man twice a possessed of much humor, and of course was very child." social. Honest in all his business transactions, he was held in high esteem by his neighbors. He was BASIL EROWKFIELD. especially remarkable for the purity of his life, and Basil Brownfield, one of the most remarkable men despised all such vices as profanity. Although not who ever lived in Fayette County, or any other part a communicant, he attended and aided in the support of the world, died at his residence in South Union of the Baptist Church. In politics he was an earnest township, Aug. 21, 1881, in the eighty-sixth year of Republican, and the very last time he left his house his age. It is a matter of but little importance from it was for the purpose of going to the polls, as a mat- what stock was descended, or where was born and ter of duty to his country as he regarded it. During reared, or what special business in life was folloved the mar of the Rebellion he mas, though too old to by such a man as he ; for nature gave him stature and go into the field, one of the most ardent of patriots, intellect of such large proportions as to derelate or giving all his moral influence and much of his time distinguish him from almost any special race of men, and money to the furtherance of the cause of the -made him a giant, a symmetrical anomaly, who Union. might properly look with contempt down upon what- In 1823, Mr. Clement married Miss Rebecca ever ancestral line led up to him, as well as upon his Springer, daughter of Jacob Springer, of Union- fellow-beings generally. But since Mr. Brownfield town. His wife died only a few months before him, left a brief record of what he was pleased to declare on the 30th of September, 1875. They had nine chil- his lineage, it is well enough to say here that accord- dren, only one of whom is now living, Miss Eliza- ing to that record he was of Brito-Scotch-Irish stock, beth Clement, who resides on the old homestead and and was the great-grandson of Charles Brownfield, skillfully manages the farm. who emigrated to America from Ireland before the Revolutionary war, but whose parents mere Scotch Presbyterians, who left their native land and settled in Ireland, and who traced their line back to one ISAAC BROWN. George Brownfield, a native Briton, who belonged Among the active, practical men who have con- to Cromwell's horse, and went over to Scotland with tributed to the prosperity of Fayette County is the the great Protector and his army. now venerable Isaac Brown, of South Union town- Charles, with other members of his family, settled ship, who was born Jan. 4,1802, in Georges township, near Winchester, Va., and finally came into Fayette less than a mile from his present home. Mr. Brown's County through the persuasion of the husband of a grandfather, Emanuel Brown, came from Germany, sister of his, Col. Burd, the builder of Redstone Old and was one of the earliest settlers of Fayette County, Fort, at the mouth of Redstone Creek. Charles re- whose son Abraham, the father of Isaac, settled upon mained in the region now known as Fayette County, a tract of land lying near Uniontown, on which Isaac built a cabin near where stands the present Bromn- Brown now lives, and one of the most valuable tracts field Station, on the Southwest Pennsylvania Rail- of the region. Abraham, the father, nras born on the road; was several times dislodged and driven away same spot on which Isaac first saw the light. Isaac by the Indians, but at last succeeded in fixing his was married first to Sarah Hutchinson, Aug. 23,1829. abode. The first fee simple deed on the records of Sarah died July 30, 1834. By this marriage there Fayette County is that of Charles Brownfield, granted were three children,-Mary A., who died in infancy; to George Troutman, and dated Nov. 29, 1783. Sarah, who died April 6,1876; and Phebe A., who Charles married and became the father of Robert married Robert Brownfield. They have one living Brownfield, who in his turn had a son, Robert Brown- child, Robert. Isaac was married again Jan. 6, field, Jr., and this latter Robert was the father of 1839, to Mrs. Mary Jane Grier. To them were born Basil Brownfield, our hero, who was born March 2, four children,-Caroline, Clarissa, Elizabeth, and 1796, on the Brownfield homestead farm, near Smith- Isaac Skiles Brown, who married Helen Moore, and field, Georges township. At the age of twenty-four, resides upon his father's farm. They have two chil- March 2, 1820, he married Sarah Collins, daughter of dren,-Carrie May and Isaac. Mary Jane died Sept. Joseph and Margaret Collins, of Union township. 19,1875. She died Oct. 1,1870, aged sixty-eight years. They The rule of Mr. Brown's life has been, "Owe no had eleven children,-Joseph C., Robert, Margaret man anything." He is an acute business man, is C., who married Jehu, son of Col. Benjamin Brown-

NORTH UNION AND SOUTH UNION TOWNSHIPS. 693 field ; Nary, who married Isaac Hutchinson, a son of 1 fitting to his superb natural gifts. He was doubtles Isaac H., of Union township, bu t a native of Trenton, 1 much misunderstood by even those who thought they N. J., and died Feb. 3, 1857; Eliza, who died un- 1 knew him best; for underlings and the common- married July 20, 1853, in the twenty-fourth year of ality possess no means of measuring the mental ca- her age ; Sarah N., who married TVm. F. Core ; Ruth, I pacity or weighing the moral worth, or, for this mat- who married Joseph Barton, son of the late William ' ter, touching the bottom of the ingenious diabolism, Barton, Esq. ; William K.,who for his first wife mar- I it may be, of the giants about the outskirts of whose ried Elizabeth James, and after her death married being- they hang. Elizabet,h Sackett ; Isaac Allen, who married Sarah Rut want of space forbids our enlarging on this head. Burchfield, of Pittsburgh ; Lydia C., wife of Thomas Many legends and stories of more or less truth and McClelland ; and Harriet Helen, who died March 22, some fancy are current regarding Mr. Brownfield's 1870, in her twenty-fourth year. peculiarities, his methods of operation, his eccen- Basil Brownfield enjoyed some, but little, opportu- tricities, his heroic struggles against his foes, his vic- nities of early education in the subscription schools, tories, his sagacious demeanor under defeat, turning and though quite generally understood by his ac- it often into victory, etc. ;-such tales, as everywhere, quaintances throughout life to be, as they expressed cluster about the memory of extraordinary men ; but it, "unlettered," in the sense of ignorant of books, they mostly lack verity in details, and can hardly be investigation discovers that he read books extensively, crystallized into permanent history. mas particularly well versed in ancient history and Mr. Brownfield's great experience as a litigant made in the history of his country, and read the Bible so him conversant with the arts of the practice of the carefully and appreciatively as to be able to quote it law, and gave him very considerable knowledge of fluently and pertinently upon occasion of warm dis- common law principles and of the statutes of the cussion. State, and his fine intellect was not slow to take the Mr. Bromnfield commenced his active business measure of the attorneys who swarmed about the life (dating from about twenty years of age) equipped Fayette County courts. He held the most of them with little " book-learning," but with extraordinary in royal contempt. To his mind they mere pigmies, native intellect, a marvelously retentive memory, and and he mas wont to say, among other things, of those an herculean body. By industry, rare tact, with attorneys and pettifoggers that they were " not fit to which from the beginning he was gifted, and by feed stock," a declaration which had its great weight economy, he made his may steadily on to fortune, so with his acquaintances, and probably its effect upon that at the age of about thirty-five he was accounted the career of the luckless attorneys, for such men as wealthy in the local sense. But at about forty or Brownfield make "public opinion," and, it may be forty-five years of age, burdened through unfortu- said, the law too. And here a well-authenticated tale nate free-hand indorsements and universal bail-giv- regarding him, a peculiar fact in his history, such as ing for others, prompted by his peat benevolence, he possibly never had place in the history of any other became financially embarrassed, and mortgaged much man, may be pertinently narrated. The gist of it is of his real estate, but finally managed to lift his bur- this, that Bromnfield, in his large-hearted good nature dens. But during this period of financial difficulty and consummate adroitness, as well as dominating his business complications became numerous and vex- wisdom, was accustomed to freely feed and shelter in atious, and a career of litigation in his. history was his own house his most active, belligerent foes, har- inaugurated which won for him a remarkable distinc- boring and nursing them while they were bitterly tion in the courts, and which continued till the day " lawing" him (touse the provincialism of the county) of his death,-a career in which he was for the most in the courts. These men were mostly "savages," part the victor, by one means and another. Litiga- too, from the mountains, who not: only accepted his tion became a recreation to him, obviously a necessity co~irtesieswhen extended, but, knowing his good na- to his happiness. Strong-willed, aggressive, evi- ture, often quartered themselves unceremoniously dently feeling that great intellect, massive muscles; upon him, turning their horses into his pastures, and and tireless endurance are "gifts of God7'to men with betaking themselves to his table and fireside, when which to fight the battles of life, and the assertion of they came down to town to wage legal war upon hiin. a powerful manhood a very duty, Mr. Brownfield He at one time owned many thousands of acres of made of course hosts of enemies to himself, but he land in the mountains, and here and there made had an army of friends ; and there was another body clearings therein, put up cabins, and got tenants to of people, neither friends nor foes, who stood aloof, occupy them. Almost invariably these fellows quar- admired the prowess and diplomacy of the man, how- reled n-ith him, launched suits at law for one cause or ever much they might have questioned the propriety other against him, and in the midst of their bitterest of some of the weapons with which he fought. These legal fights camped at his fireside, as abore related. were wont to descant about what a throne this provin- The reader who admires the tender Christian kind- cial demi-god might have occupied in the world if his ness, the forbearance, the benevolence, and other vir- education in literature and the sciences had only been tues which Mr. Bromnfield surely evinced under such

694 HISTORY Ok' FAY ETTE COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. 1 extraordinary circumstances must not suspect him of v-as his life, end this sketch must come to a close. Per- having indulged in childlike simplicity and imbecility , haps nothing more fitting in its ending could be added in all this. He kner not only how, with the Chris- than the following extract from an obituary notice of tian graces, to draw the temper and dull the edge of him, published editorially in the Genius qf Liberty of his adversary's sn-ord or turn the point of his stiletto, , Uniontown, Aug. 25,1SS1, four days after Mr. Brown- but how as well to catch him at fault, put hini in re- 1 field's death : pose, and woo from him the details of his plot and " Eis neighbors bear testimony that lie was a man circumvent him. He understood. in short, that it is of good impulses, and was always ready to forgive an better to have a legal foe at your fireside and quietly injury when he was approached in a proper way. I study his weapons than to keep him at bay and be 4 + -+ t .. 4 - unconscious all the while whether or not he carries ~i, had the impress of greatness dynamite torpedoes in the shape of " testhony" of ) marked in every lineanlent, and lVeventure peculiar coinage, etc., which he may cast and explode I to say that no man ever lired and died in Fayette under your feet at any time. Xr. Brownfield's great 1 ~~~~t~ lvitll a stronger cast of espression. JIr. benel-olence was not of the crude, undisciplined, un- Brolvllfield ,vas a pleasallt agreeable gentleman, discriminating kind, though it was often spontaneous and his home ,,.as for the reception of and hearty; but his great brain was ever supreme, his friends and and \vhilst he rras always and probabl- even his occasional religious zeal was to impart correct knowledge of the secular thing never so hot-tempered as to set his good sense agog. that transpired around and about him for more If Xr. Brownfield at times forgot his great virtues than threescore and ten years, he mm notable as a of benevolence, great social rirtues, and rigid sense listener, is a sure indication of a well- of justice and stooped to the use of questionable arts , balanced in his life warfare, it must be said in his defense that I hi^ n.as n,ritten of the lvonderful man near lie was surrounded by a corrupt set of men, some of the close of a life of years, in far-length- them, men of comparatively good education, able , ened old age, -e,ahen most men of like gears rvould be jurists, for esample, who when off the bench kept the pasi1,g through second into the nursed ermine spotless by hanging it away Out of sight while infancy of drivelling dotage. Brownfield had no they systematically wallowed in the mire of business in his domain, and monarchs, unclassi- hypocrisies, and attempted to, and sometimes did, fied, spring from and found no races. Their histories, plunder Brownfield himself,-in short, surrounded by I like their lives, are grandly individuate, and other pious knaves of all kinds, and of a high degree of , ,,,en record but cannot imitate them. "respectability," and who, like Basil himself, belonged to churches which were for the most part - -- -- cages for unclean birds; and Brownfield was, in a , J. W. MOORE. sense, compelled to fight these wretches with their ' If'. J. W- Moore, a portrait of ahom appears in own weapons, and learned of them map have 1 been bad in his life and \vays. i., safe to say that this work, is a resident of Greensburg, Westmoreland ' with his large nature lie alrvays better his Connty, in which county he owns extensive tracts of surroundings. coal lands, and has other possessions, but he is also ~h~tpoor, who through his life liirgelp interested in the manufacture of coke in Fay- his largesses, sorely felt his loss and tenderly mourned em County, especially at the coke-works J. W. him dead, speaks volumes for the man. And it should Moore &-, Go., ill south Union township- be added regarding him that he so profited by the in- - iquities which he discovered hidden under the cloaks of his fellow church-members and members of com- WILLIAM BARTOS. munions other than his as to be aroused to strong William Barton, who as born in New Jersey, Sept. suspicion that church membership is not necessarily 13, 1795, of Quaker stock, and of English ancestry, a sure road to " glory." Indeed, he was bitter in de- came into Fayette County with his parents at about nunciation of some church-members, and as he had twelve years of age. He enjoyed good advantages of doubts at last about the esistence of an orthodox education for the times, and in early life was occupied " hell," he seemed to think that there could be no for some years as clerk and manager of a furnace in suitable home for them in the f~~ture. Cniontown. But even Basil Brownfield, who potently " lives On Xov. 25, 1824, he married Mrs. Hannah Collins after he is dead," the favorite public sobriquet of Foster (born Oct. 23, 1799), widow of John Foster, a whom, " Black Hawk," a name which when associated captain in the regular army in the war of 1S12, and with his will and brawn bore terror to evil-doers, daughter of Thornas Collins, of Uniontown, who was living and to lire on forerer in history, even this a colonel in the same war, and at one time sheriff of "Black Hawkn Basil must not be allowed too much Favette County, a man of great business capacity. space in this history, though eventful and wonderful Soon after marriage Mr. Barton settled with his wife

WILLIAX BARTON.

NICHOLSON TOWNSHIP. 695 on the old Collins farm, which eventually became by man and noted for his thorough integrity in business, inheritance the property of Mrs. Barton, in South his word being all the " bond" his neighbors needed Union township, where he prosecuted farming all his of him. He took great interest in the public schools, life, adding to the farm by the purchase in 1830 of an and was a director for a number of years. Mr. Barton adjoining tract equal to it in size. Mr. Barton became was a great reader and an independent thinker, and a considerable stock-raiser withal, and for twenty was never attached to any religious organizations ; in vears or more ran a distillery, the products of which fact, was distrustful of if not opposed to such organi- had a great reputation all along the line of the Na- zations. tional road when that thoroughfare was at the height Xr. Barton died leaving four children, one daugh- of its glory. ter and three sons, all now dead save one son, Mr. He was an old-line Whig, afterwards a Republi- Joseph Barton, who served as a private in the First can, and took great interest in national politics par- West Virginia Cavalry during the war of the Rebel- ricularly, acd though confined to his house mainly lion, and who owns the old homestead, in which with for the last eighteen years of his life, he always caused his family resides his aged mother, an intelligent himself to be carried into town to deposit his rote. woman, still hearty and active, occasionally walking He died Sov. 6, 1865, while the war of the Rebellion to town even in coldest weather, a distance of two cim be said to have been hardly settled, and during miles, over a road too rough at times for horses to that struggle watched its course with intense anxiety, travel with safety to limb, and one of the wretchedly but with full confidence from the first in the ultimate bad roads too common in the county and a disgrace success of the cause of the Union. He was a genial to the people of Uniontown.

NICHOLSON TOWNSHIP.'

NICHOLSOXlies south of German and north of . George Craft, of Redstone, and George Damson, of Springhill township. Its area is over twenty square ! Brownsville, were appointed commissioners. A favor- miles, and its topography is similar to that of all / able report was made, and approved Dec. 11, 1841. the western portion of the county. Along the river, 1 On the 11th of June, 1842, objections mere filed, from the mouth of Georges Creek to that of Jacob's which were confirmecl by the court on the 2d of Jan. Creek, the river-blu& crowd close upon the river, in ' uary, 1843, and thus the proceedings of Dee. 11,1S41, many places leaving scarcely enough space to form a were rendered void and of no effect. road. From Jacob's Creek down to Cattk Run are The effort n-as renewed with success in 1845. At the broad flats known as " Prorance's Bottoms." The the June session of the court in that year, " On the principal stream, next to the river, is Jacob's Creek, petition of divers inhabitants of Springhill, George, near the centre. Georges Creek receives several con- and German for a new township, to be composed of siderable affluents on the south, and Catt's Run parts of the aforesaid townships, to be called ' Nich- several small oues on the north. The soil is generally olson,' James Paull, James H. Patterson, and Jacob Fery fertile, being for the most part heavy limestone. Murphy were appointed cornn~issioners. . . . to lay Wheat, corn, oats, and other grains are produced in out a new township to be called Nicholson out of great abundance. parts of Springhill, George, and German townships." Nicholson township mas formed of territory taken On the 19th of August, 1845, these commissioners re- from the old townships of Springhill, German, and ported,- Georges. The first movement (unsuccessful) towards forming a new tonmhip from parts of these town- " That a new township should be made within the following ships was made a little more than forty years ago, boundaries, to wit: Beginning at the mouth of Georges Creek : ; as follows : thence up the same to Robert Long's fulling-mill thence along the Morgantown road to a point at or near Rev. A. G. Fair- At the September term of court, 1841, a petition child's ; thence by a road as far as Bonaparte Hardin's: thence mas presented "of divers inhabitants of Springhill, by a straight line to the northmest branch of Torli's Run to a Georges, and German townships for a new township, stone-pile nexr a white-oak ; thence [by various courses and dis- to be composed of parts of the aforesaid townships, tances] to a stone in Catt's Run, westwardly of Jacob Emlej'~, to be called ' Gallatin.' " Thomas Boyd, of Bullskin, and on land of George Defcnbaugh, about three perches from a -. - -- spring-house; thence dovn Catt's Run to the land or f:rrm of 1 By James Ross. John Poundstone, where the road crosses said run; thence by

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