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Naval War College Review Volume 68 Number 2 Spring Article 1 2015 Spring 2015 Full Issue The U.S. Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The U.S. (2015) "Spring 2015 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 68 : No. 2 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss2/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Spring 2015 Full Issue Spring 2015 Volume 68, Number 2 Spring 2015 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2015 1 Spring2015Review_Cover-FO-B&B-2-New.indd C M Y K PMS 288 Naval War College Review, Vol. 68 [2015], No. 2, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Spring 2015 Volume 68, Number 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss2/1 2 6658_FrontMatter copy.indd 1 2/11/15 10:53 AM Naval War College: Spring 2015 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. P. Gardner Howe III, USN Jeffrey Kline PROVOST Gale A. Mattox Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Robert A. Silano Marin Strmecki DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Dov S. Zakheim Thomas J. Culora NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Carnes Lord, Editor Donald Chisholm Pelham G. Boyer, Managing Editor Audrey Kurth Cronin Timothy J. Demy and Brad Carter, Book Review Stephen Downes-Martin Editors Andrew Erickson Lori A. Almeida, Administrative Assistant and Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) Circulation Manager James Kraska Frank Uhlig, Jr., Editor Emeritus John Maurer Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) Naval War College Review Cdr. Derek S. Reveron, USN Code 32, Naval War College Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Capt. David Teska, USCGR Fax: 401.841.1071 Scott C. Truver DSN exchange, all lines: 841 James J. Wirtz Website: www.usnwc.edu/press http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege Editor, Circulation, or Business 401.841.2236 [email protected] Managing Editor 401.841.4552 [email protected] Newport Papers, Books [email protected] Essays and Book Reviews 401.841.6584 [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2015 3 6658_FrontMatter.indd 2 2/5/15 2:08 PM Naval War College Review, Vol. 68 [2015], No. 2, Art. 1 The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discussion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or the Naval War College. The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to commands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regular and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. government officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, research centers, publica- tions, and educational institutions. Contributors Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor or access it online before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Review nei- ther offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Permissions Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and appli- cable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial pur- poses, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be credited and that the editor be informed. Periodicals postage paid at Newport, R.I. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, R.I. 02841-1207. ISSN 0028-1484 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss2/1 4 Book 1.indb 3 2/4/15 10:24 AM Naval War College: Spring 2015 Full Issue Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2015 5 6658_FrontMatter copy.indd 4 2/11/15 10:53 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 68 [2015], No. 2, Art. 1 CONTENTS From the Editors . 3 President’s Forum . 7 The Law of Cyber Targeting. 11 Michael N. Schmitt Cyber technology on the battlefield has outpaced the law, or at least full understanding of how extant law governs emerging capabilities—a strategically perilous state of affairs. On Littoral Warfare . 30 Milan Vego The lack of adequate capabilities for littoral warfare could cost a blue-water force like the U.S. Navy dearly in a high-intensity conventional war. So might the lack of a sound theory of littoral warfare, operational concepts, and doctrine; these require much effort and time and cannot be produced in a hurry after hostilities start. The Bulgarian Navy after the Cold War Challenges of Building and Modernizing an Effective Navy . 69 Deborah Sanders Bulgaria has made progress in building a navy able to advance its interests in the Black Sea and work alongside NATO allies, but modernization and professionalization have been slow and difficult. A Question of Estimates How Faulty Intelligence Drove Scouting at the Battle of Midway . 85 Anthony Tully and Lu Yu New scholarship and interpretations point to a new understanding of two of the most perplexing questions of one of the most debated naval battles in history—why the seemingly unstoppable Japanese carrier force suffered a devastating defeat at Midway in June 1942 and how we interpret the battle in the context of other carrier operations in 1942. Revisiting the Navy’s Moral Compass Has Commanding Officer Conduct Improved?. 100 Captain Jason A. Vogt, U.S. Navy Since the 2012 publication here of Captain Mark F. Light’s “The Navy’s Moral Compass,” the service has taken effective measures to address reliefs of commanding officers for personal misconduct, but the poor decisions of some have continued to trouble Navy leadership. What are the next steps? https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol68/iss2/1 6 Book 1.indb 1 2/4/15 10:42 AM 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEWNaval War College: Spring 2015 Full Issue Commentary Wanted: U.S. Navy Mine Warfare Champion. 116 Scott C. Truver Review Essays The American Constitutional Order . 128 Long Wars and the Constitution, by Stephen M. Griffin reviewed by Stephen F. Knott Is Strategy an Illusion? . 131 American Force: Dangers, Delusions, and Dilemmas of National Security, by Richard K. Betts reviewed by Karl Walling Book Reviews Anti-Access Warfare: Countering A2/AD Strategies, by Sam J. Tangredi reviewed by Peter Dombrowski . 135 Small Navies: Strategy and Policy for Small Navies in War and Peace, edited by Michael Mulqueen, Deborah Sanders, and Ian Speller reviewed by Sean Sullivan . 136 Presidents & Their Generals: An American History of Command in War, by Matthew Moten reviewed by Richard Norton . 137 Power, Law, and the End of Privateering, by Jan Martin Lemnitzer reviewed by John B. Hattendorf. 139 The Death of Money: The Coming Collapse of the International Monetary System, by James Rickards reviewed by Robert C. Whitten . 140 The Last Warrior: Andrew Marshall and the Shaping of Modern American Defense Strategy, by Andrew Krepinevich and Barry Watts reviewed by Christopher Nelson . 141 The U.S. Army and Counterinsurgency in the Philippine War, 1899–1902, by Brian McAllister Linn reviewed by Matthew Noland ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������142 In My View . 145 Of Special Interest . 147 Reflections on Reading . 149 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2015 7 6696_TOC.indd 2 2/5/15 2:10 PM Naval War College Review, Vol. 68 [2015], No. 2, Art. 1 FROM THE EDITORS The recent emergence of “cyber warfare” in the contemporary strategic environ- ment poses numerous conundrums, not the least of which is the basic meaning of this term� Is it a metaphor or a literal part of warfare writ large? A closely related issue is how cyber warfare relates to the law of armed conflict� In our lead article, “The Law of Cyber Targeting,” Michael N� Schmitt tackles this question� While developing cyber technologies and techniques have for some time been outrun- ning accepted international legal frameworks and assumptions, this situation is beginning to change� The publication in 2013 of the Tallinn Manual on the Inter- national Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare—of which Schmitt served as general editor—has gone a considerable way toward cementing a consensus among lead- ing experts in the law of war on this subject� Here, Professor Schmitt systemati- cally reviews the findings of that study, with particular emphasis on issues that remain
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