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Evaluation of the ECHO Response to the Syrian Crisis 2012-2014

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Evaluation of the ECHO Response to the Syrian Crisis 2012-2014 Evaluation of the ECHO response to the Syrian Crisis 2012-2014 Final Report June 2016 This evaluation was commissioned by the Evaluation Sector of the Directorate General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection – ECHO (European Commission) The opinions expressed in this document represent the authors’ point of view which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission or by the authorities of the concerned countries. This report has been prepared by ADE and URD. Rue de Clairvaux 40, Bte 101 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) Tel: +32 10 45 45 10 Fax: +32 10 45 40 99 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ade.be Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. Europe Direct is a service to help you find answers to your questions about the European Union. Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) The information given is free, as are most calls (though some operators, phone boxes or hotels may charge you). More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2015 ISBN: 978-92-79-53364-8 DOI: 10.2795/59912 © European Union, 2015 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. Contract No ECHO/ADM/BUD/2014/01204 This evaluation was commissioned by the Evaluation Sector of the Directorate General Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection – ECHO (European Commission) The opinions expressed in this document represent the authors’ point of view which are not necessarily shared by the European Commission or by the authorities of the concerned countries. Rue de Clairvaux 40, Bte 101 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) Tel: +32 10 45 45 10 Fax: +32 10 45 40 99 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ade.be EVALUATION OF ECHO’S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN CRISIS 2012-2014 ADE Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ACRONYM LIST ABSTRACT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................... I RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF ........................................................................................................ I ZUSAMMENFASSUNG ..................................................................................................... I 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 EVALUATION SUBJECT, PURPOSE AND SCOPE................................................................ 1 1.2 THE FINAL REPORT ........................................................................................................... 2 2. EVALUATION CONTEXT ....................................................................................... 3 2.1 REGIONAL CONTEXT: A WORSENING HUMANITARIAN CRISIS..................................... 3 2.2 COUNTRY CONTEXTS ........................................................................................................ 5 2.3 ECHO’S RESPONSE ......................................................................................................... 13 3. METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH .......................................................................... 19 3.1 EVALUATION PHASES ...................................................................................................... 19 3.2 EVALUATION QUESTIONS............................................................................................... 20 3.3 DATA COLLECTION ......................................................................................................... 21 3.4 LIMITATION OF THE ANALYSIS ...................................................................................... 22 4. ANSWERS TO EVALUATION QUESTIONS ............................................................ 23 EQ 1 – CONSISTENCY WITH THE 23 PRINCIPLES AND GHD ............................................... 23 EQS 2 TO 4 – ISSUES RELATED TO RELEVANCE AND TARGETING: CONSULTING LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE NEEDS OF THE MOST VULNERABLE AND OF HOST POPULATIONS ..................................................................................................... 26 EQS 5 – ADAPTING THE APPROACH TO SHIFTING NEEDS .................................................... 35 EQ 6 – EU ADDED VALUE ........................................................................................................ 40 EQ 7 – URBAN SETTINGS .......................................................................................................... 43 EQ 8 – PROTECTION .................................................................................................................. 48 EQ 9 – REMOTE MANAGEMENT .............................................................................................. 55 EQ 10 – USE OF CASH AND VOUCHERS .................................................................................. 60 EQ 11 – BUDGET ALLOCATION ................................................................................................ 65 EQ 12 – MONITORING SYSTEMS .............................................................................................. 71 EQ 13 – CONSORTIA AND MULTI-COUNTRY APPROACHES ................................................ 74 EQ 14 – COORDINATION .......................................................................................................... 77 EQ 15 & 16 – LINKING RELIEF, REHABILITATION AND DEVELOPMENT ......................... 80 EQ 17 –SECURITY ....................................................................................................................... 85 EQS 18 – ADVOCACY ................................................................................................................. 88 Final Report June 2016 Table of Contents EVALUATION OF ECHO’S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN CRISIS 2012-2014 ADE 5. CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................... 91 6. RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................................................... 103 ANNEXES ANNEX I: TERMS OF REFERENCE ..............................................................................111 ANNEX II: EVALUATION INVENTORY .................................................................... 131 ANNEX III: COUNTRY REPORTS .......................................................................... 157 ANNEX IV: BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................. 326 Final Report June 2016 Table of Contents EVALUATION OF ECHO’S RESPONSE TO THE SYRIAN CRISIS 2012-2014 ADE LIST OF TABLES Table 1 – Country income levels and population data .............................................................5 Table 2 – Evaluation questions topics ..................................................................................... 20 Table 3 – Share of ECHO funded projects targeting vulnerable groups ........................... 28 Table 4 – Number of registered refugees per country as share of the total population ... 30 Table 5 – Estimate of the number of refugees compared to the local population in the Turkish border area ............................................................................................ 31 Table 6 – Share of ECHO-funded projects linked to host populations ............................. 34 Table 7 – Coverage of protection in ECHO Syria HIPs ...................................................... 50 Table 8 – Remote management risk mitigation measures ..................................................... 59 Table 9 – ECHO country allocations 2012-2014 per refugee/IDP received .................... 93 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Evaluation subject, purpose and scope: ....................................................................1 Figure 2 – Persons displaced by the Syrian conflict (millions) .................................................4 Figure 3 – Evolution of Syrian refugees in Iraq (Jan 2012 – 2015)..........................................7 Figure 4 – Evolution of Syrian refugees in Jordan (Jan 2012 – Jan 2015) ..............................9 Figure 5 – Evolution of Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (Jan. 2012 - Jan. 2015) ..................... 11 Figure 6 – Registered Syrian refugees in Turkey (Dec. 2011- Dec. 2014)............................ 12 Figure 7 – Geographical distribution of ECHO funds 2012-2014 ....................................... 14 Figure 8 – Sector breakdown of ECHO-funded operations 2012-2014 .............................. 14 Figure 9 – Sector breakdown and partner distribution of ECHO-funded operations in Syria 2012-2014 .......................................................................................................... 15 Figure 10 – Sector breakdown and partner distribution of ECHO-funded operations in Lebanon 2012-2014 ................................................................................................... 15 Figure 11 – Sector breakdown and partner distribution of ECHO-funded operations in Jordan 2012-2014 ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 12 – Sector breakdown and partner distribution of ECHO-funded operations in Turkey 2012-2014 ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 13 – Sector breakdown and partner distribution of ECHO-funded operations in Iraq 2012-2014 ..........................................................................................................
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