Mohawk Valley Regional Juvenile Justice
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Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................................................... i The Juvenile Justice System in NY State: Where Are We Now? ................................................................... 1 What Constitutes a ‘Good’ or Effective Juvenile Justice System at the State and Local Level? ................... 2 The Juvenile Justice System in NY State: Where Are We Now? ................................................................... 2 The ‘Mohawk Valley Region’ as defined by NYS and the Division of Criminal Justice Services .................... 3 Characteristics of Youth in the Juvenile Justice System: National Overview ............................................... 4 Characteristics of Youth in the Mohawk Valley Region Who Become Involved in the Juvenile Justice System .................................................................................................................................................... 5 The Community Context: Children, Youth, and Families in Poverty in the MV Region ................................ 7 How Does Poverty Affect Juvenile Crime and Outcomes for Juveniles Who Enter the Criminal Justice System in the MV Region? .............................................................................. 9 Lead Exposure, Child Development, and Juvenile Crime ............................................................... 10 The School Context for Children and Youth in the Juvenile Justice System in the MV Region ..... 15 Juvenile Arrest by Police Agencies: Entry into the Juvenile Justice Pipeline .............................................. 21 Attention: Please Read Before Reviewing the Analysis of County-Level Arrests Data .............................. 26 Arrests for Juvenile Crime in Mohawk Valley Region: ................................................................................ 27 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Fulton County ..................................................... 32 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Herkimer ............................................................. 35 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Montgomery ....................................................... 38 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Oneida................................................................. 41 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Otsego ................................................................. 44 Juvenile Arrests by County for the MV Region: Schoharie ............................................................ 47 Detention of Juveniles ................................................................................................................................ 50 Mohawk Valley Detention Admissions and Releases: 2014 ...................................................................... 53 Diversion Opportunities: Points in the Juvenile Justice Process Where Diversion Occurs ......................... 64 Community-Based Opportunities for Juvenile Justice Prevention and Diversion: “Slim Pickings” for Much of the MV Region ....................................................................................................................... 67 Juveniles and Effective Policing .................................................................................................................. 70 Probation Intake/Pre-Court Diversion: ....................................................................................................... 71 Family Engagement in the Diversion Process ............................................................................................. 74 Community-Based Services Available to Support the Diversion Process: A Key Piece of the Juvenile Justice System for Counties in the Mohawk Valley Region .................................................................. 75 Diversion Program Availability Capacity Survey Results ............................................................................. 77 Diversion Challenges and Recommendations ............................................................................................. 81 Juvenile Delinquent Youth in Multiple Systems: County Departments of Social Services (DSS) and County Probation Departments ........................................................................................................... 84 County Department of Social Services’ Capacity to Meet to Provide Diversion Services for Juvenile Delinquents and PINS Cases ................................................................................................................. 86 Family Court ................................................................................................................................................ 89 Out-of-Home Residential Placement of Juveniles ...................................................................................... 95 Returning Home to Family, School, and Community after Time in a Residential Facility ........................ 100 Reconnecting With Family After Residential Placement ............................................................. 101 Reentering the Public Education System After Discharge from Placement ................................ 102 Re-entry After Placement: Best Practices ................................................................................... 103 Recommendations to Strengthen the Juvenile Reentry Process and Improve Outcomes .......... 104 Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) in the Juvenile Justice System .............................................. 107 Disproportionate Minority Contact in the Juvenile Justice System in NY State and in the Mohawk Valley Region .......................................................................................................... 110 Gender, Juvenile Crime, and the Increasing Involvement of Girls in the Juvenile Justice System ........... 115 Female Youth/Girls in the Juvenile Justice System in the Mohawk Valley Region ...................... 116 Including 16 and 17 Year Olds in the Juvenile Justice System in NY State ............................................... 117 Summary and Recommendations ............................................................................................................. 117 References ................................................................................................................................................ 117 Photo Credits ............................................................................................................................................ 117 Table of Figures: Tables Table 1. Population by County: Total and Juveniles Only ............................................................................. 3 Table 2. Overall Poverty, Under 18 Years, and Age 5-17 in Families in Poverty by County ......................... 7 Table 3. Incidence of Confirmed High Blood Lead Level - (10 micrograms per deciliter or higher) Rate per 1,000 Tested Children Age less than 72 months. .................................................................. 12 Table 4. Incidence of Confirmed High Blood Lead Level - rate per 1,000 Tested Children Age less than 72 months (6 years): 2012 Data Only .......................................................................................... 13 Table 5. High Lead Levels Relative to Arrest Rates for Selected MV Region Counties ............................... 13 Table 6. Public High School Graduation Rates: 2013-2014 School Year ..................................................... 16 Table 7. Public High School Graduation Rates: 2013-2014 School Year ..................................................... 16 Table 8. Graduation and Poverty Rates; Population and Juvenile Arrests for Selected Areas ................... 17 Table 9. Juvenile Arrests Nationwide (Includes 16 and 17 year olds in 48 states) ..................................... 24 Table 10. Juvenile Reported Arrests in NYS Counties (not counting NY City) from 2010 to 2014 ............. 25 Table 11. MV Region Juvenile Reported Arrests from 2010-2014 .............................................................. 28 Table 12. Juvenile Reported Arrests in 2014: NYS, MV Region and MV Region Counties .......................... 30 Table 13. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County: Fulton County .................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Table 14. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County Jurisdiction: Fulton County .............................................. 33 Table 15. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County: Herkimer County ............................................................ 35 Table 16. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County Jurisdiction: Herkimer County ......................................... 36 Table 17. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County: Montgomery County ...................................................... 38 Table 18. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County Jurisdiction: Montgomery County ................................... 39 Table 19. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County: Oneida County ................................................................ 41 Table 20. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County Jurisdiction: Oneida County ............................................. 42 Table 21. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County: Otsego County ................................................................ 44 Table 22. Juvenile Reported Arrests by County Jurisdiction: Otsego County ............................................