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18 Pack Research Notes drawal from the EEC passed as policy. Shirley Williams and Tom Bradley refuse to speak from the Research Notes platform on behalf of the NEC. October James Callaghan resigns as Labour Chronology leader. November Key Alliance dates 1979–88 First round of Labour’s leadership election (Healey , Foot , Silkin Compiled by Mark Pack , Shore ). November 1979 they will leave Labour if it supports Michael Foot elected leader of La- withdrawal from the EEC: ‘There are bour (defeating Healey –). May some of us who will not accept a November General election won by Tories. De- choice between socialism and Eu- Owen announces he will not be feated Labour MPs include Shirley rope. We will choose them both.’ restanding for Shadow Cabinet. Williams. June November June Williams warns that a centre party Williams announces she cannot be Social Democrat Alliance (SDA) re- would have ‘no roots, no principles, a Labour candidate again with its organises itself into a network of lo- no philosophy and no values.’ current policies cal groups, not all of whose mem- bers need be in the Labour Party. June December Roy Jenkins delivers lecture to Labour proscribes SDA. November House of Commons Press Gallery, Roy Jenkins delivers the Dimbleby calling for a realignment of the ‘radi- December lecture, ‘Home thoughts from cal centre.’ Meeting in Williams’ flat, including abroad’. Ivor Crewe and Anthony King, who June outline considerable possible support November Labour’s Commission of Inquiry for a new party. Bill Rodgers gives speech at backs use of an electoral college for Abertillery: ‘Our party has a year, not electing the leader and mandatory much longer, in which to save itself.’ reselection of MPs. 1981 December July January Meeting of Jenkinsites and others SDA announces plans to run up to Jenkins returns from Brussels. considering forming a new party or- candidates against Labour left- January ganised by Colin Phipps (Robert wingers. Maclennan declined invitation). Liberals publish ten-point plan for August economic recovery. Several Labour Open letter to members of Labour MPs publicly welcome it. 1980 from Owen, Rodgers and Williams January published in Guardian. May Gang of Four (Jenkins, Owen, Local elections. Liberal vote changes September Rodgers and Williams) agrees to is- little, though seats gained with large David Marquand speaks at Liberal As- sue a joint statement following advances in Liverpool and control of sembly. David Steel says Labour rebels Wembley Conference. Adur and Hereford. have six months to leave the party. January May September Labour Special Conference at Wem- Labour Special Conference at Wem- Group of MPs, led by Michael bley. New electoral college for elect- bley. Policy statement Peace, Jobs, Free- Thomas, publish statement in The ing the leader gives trade unions the dom, including pro-unilateralism and Times, calling for major reforms in largest share of the vote (%, with anti-EEC policies, supported. Owen Labour’s structure. % for MPs and % for constitu- deeply angered by vitriolic heckling ency parties). September – October Labour during his speech. conference at Blackpool votes to January June change method for electing leader. Limehouse Declaration issued by Owen, Rodgers and Williams warn Unilateral disarmament and with- Gang of Four. 48 journal of liberal democrat history 18: spring 1998 January majority cut from , to ,. fecting to the SDP in order to stand Nine Labour MPs join Council for Jenkins stands for Alliance: ‘This is again under his new party’s colours). Social Democracy my first defeat in years of politics June and it is by far the greatest victory January End of Falklands war. in which I have participated.’ Owen tells his local party he will not July be standing for Labour in the next September Jenkins defeats Owen to become election. Liberal Assembly at Llandudno. SDP leader. Jenkins and Williams address fringe February meeting. Motion calling for an elec- September Advert published in Guardian sees toral pact overwhelmingly carried. Williams elected SDP President. people declare their support for Steel calls for delegates to ‘Go back the Council for Social Democracy, to your constituencies and prepare and elicits , letters of support. for government.’ 1983 Alec McGivan appointed organiser. SDP rolling conference travels by February February train between London, Perth and Simon Hughes wins Bermondsey Council moves into offices in Queen Bradford. byelection. Anne’s Gate. Williams resigns from NEC. October March Croydon North-West byelection Darlington byelection: SDP candidate February won by Liberal Bill Pitt. slumps to a poor third; Labour’s vic- Two Labour MPs resign whip to sit tory saves Michael Foot’s leadership. as social democrats. October Healey just defeats Benn’s challenge May March for the Labour deputy leadership. Local elections. Alliance’s national Ten Labour MPs and nine peers re- vote slips, though number of seats in- sign whip so sit as social democrats. November creases. Thatcher calls general elec- Crosby byelection won by Shirley March tion for June. Williams. Christopher Brocklebank-Fowler May becomes only Conservative MP to December Ettrick Bridge meeting: Steel at- join Council. Gallup poll shows % would vote tempts to remove ‘Prime Minister- Liberal/SDP. March designate’ title from Jenkins. Official launch of SDP in Con- June naught Rooms, Covent Garden at- 1982 Mrs Thatcher wins general election; tracts more than press. Alliance (.%) almost catches La- January bour (.%). Liberals win MPs April Rodgers breaks off negotiations with (from ), SDP (from ); Rodgers Anglo-German Königswinter con- Liberals over seat allocation for and Williams defeated. ference: Rodgers, Williams and Steel forthcoming general election. meet and agree on the outlines of June March an alliance between their parties. Foot announces he will not restand Jenkins wins Glasgow Hillhead as Labour leader. May byelection. Local elections: Liberal vote rises June April thanks to increase in number of can- Jenkins resigns as SDP leader. didates; take control of Isle of Wight Liberal-SDP negotiations over divi- and hold balance on eight county sion for seats for general election June councils. Small number of independ- concluded. Owen becomes SDP leader unop- posed. ent social democrat candidates make April little impression. Argentina invades Falkland Islands. July Liberals fail to win Penrith & Bor- June May der byelection by votes. Publication of A Fresh Start for Brit- Local elections. Liberals win five ain, a joint Liberal-SDP policy state- times as many seats as the SDP, July ment, along with photo-opportunity which makes a net loss. David Steel starts three months’ sab- of Steel and Williams sitting on the batical. lawn of Dean’s Yard, Westminster. June To r ies gain Mitcham & Morden September July (byelection caused by Bruce Doug- SDP conference at Salford rejects Warrington byelection: Labour’s las-Mann resigning his seat on de- proposals for joint selection of Euro journal of liberal democrat history 18: spring 1998 49 and Westminster candidates and any June July chance of merger before election. Alliance Defence Commission re- ‘Yes to Unity’ campaign launched by ports, avoiding decision on Polaris SDP pro-merger members. replacement. Owen and Steel sub- August 1984 sequently explore options for Anglo- SDP votes %–% in favour of French cooperation over nuclear May merger negotiations. Local elections. Alliance makes net deterrent (the ‘Euro-bomb’). August gains of seats. July Owen resigns as SDP leader. June Liberals narrowly fail to win New- European elections. Alliance wins castle-under-Lyme after hard-hitting August .% and no seats but SDP wins campaign which draws criticism Maclennan becomes SDP leader. from David Steel. Portsmouth South byelection. September September September Liberal Assembly votes to open ne- Steel defeated at Liberal Assembly Liberal Assembly in Eastbourne de- gotiations on merger. feats leadership over European co- over calls to withdraw cruise missiles December operation on nuclear weapons. from Britain. Merger negotiators agree on ‘New Liberal Social Democratic Party’ (or 1985 1987 ‘Alliance’ for short) as the new par- ty’s name, but forced to rethink af- May January ter Liberal Party Council protests. Local elections. Alliance gains over ‘Relaunch’ of Alliance at Barbican seats and out of English rally. Joint Alliance parliamentary county councils end up under no spokesmanships announced. 1988 overall control. February January July SDP wins Greenwich byelection. ‘Dead parrot’ policy document (Voices and Choices for All) issued and Liberals win Brecon & Radnor March then withdrawn. byelection. During July (and again Liberals hold Truro in byelection in September), Alliance briefly tops caused by David Penhaligon’s death January opinion polls. in a car accident in December . Special Liberal Assembly in Black- pool approves merger by to September May , subject to a ballot of members. Successful SDP conference at Local elections: Alliance gains over To r quay represents high point of seats. Labour losses and Con- January SDP strength and self-confidence. servative gains lead Thatcher to call SDP conference in Sheffield ap- December general election. proves merger by to (Owenites largely abstain or are ab- Audience of over million watches June sent), subject to a ballot of members. John Cleese present party political Mrs Thatcher wins general election. broadcast on PR
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