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Crisis of Secularism and Loyalty Towards the Dominant Group

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Crisis of Secularism and Loyalty Towards the Dominant Group Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center (EMC) Crisis of Secularism and Loyalty towards the Dominant Group The Role of the Government in the 2012-2013 Religious Conflicts in Georgia Tbilisi 2013 1 The project is implemented in the framework of The East-West Management Institute’s (EWMI) Policy, Advocacy, and Civil Society Development in Georgia (G-PAC) Program, funded by United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The project is made possible by the generous support of the American people through the USAID. The content is the responsibility of Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center (EMC) and does not necessarily reflect the view of USAID, the United States Government, or EWMI. Author: Tamta Mikeladze Research team: Lina Ghvinianidze Dato Laghidze Giorgi Noniashvili Maia Barkaia Nino Guruli Editor: Sarah Delys Translators: Mariam Uberi Tatuli Chubabria The study was prepared and published by the Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center Tel.: (995 32) 223 15 58 E-mail: [email protected] Facebook: facebook.com/rightsemc 3 Shanidze st., Tbilisi 0179, Georgia Print run: 500 copies It is prohibited to reprint, copy or distribute the study for commercial purposes without written consent of the EMC 2 Contents Introduction................................................................................................................... 6 1. Research objective and methodology ......................................................................... 7 1.1 Research objective ................................................................ 7 1.2 Research methodology............................................................8 1.2.1 Instruments for collecting empirical data.............................8 1.2.2. Description of the study performed in Nigvziani, Tsintskaro and Samtskaro ......8 1.2.3. Instruments used for the processing the empirical data theoretically................9 2. Review of the religious conflict in Nigvziani Village.........................................................10 2.1. Social and religious composition of Nigvziani Village.......................... 10 2.2 Timeline of the conflict and its dynamics..............................................10 2.2.1. First religious conflict in 2010..................................... .....................10 2.2.2. Second religious conflict revealed in October-November of 2012.......11 2.2.3. Current situation in Nigvziani village....................................................14 2.3. The assessment of the reasons for the conflict...................................................15 2.3.1. Political context of the conflict.....................................................14 2.3.2. Issues of inclusion of the Muslim Community in the local public policies and possible discrimination towards them....................................................16 2.3.3. Proselytism at Nigvziani public school.......................................... 21 2.3.4. Identity of the Adjarian Muslims and their indoctrination in Nigvziani Village...22 2.3.5. Social contrasts as the cause of alienation between the communities...........24 2.4. The assessment of the roles the major actors in resolving the conflict.......................25 2.4.1. The assessments of Nigvziani Muslim Community ......................25 2.4.2 The assessments of Nigvziani Christian Community.......................26 3. A review of the religious conflict in Tsintskaro village................................................28 3.1. Social and religious composition of Tsintskaro residents...........................28 3.2. The chronology and dynamics of the religious conflicts in Tsintskaro..........28 3.2.1. Establishment of the prayer house in Tsintskaro......................................28 3.2.2 The review and chronology of the conflicts unfolded in Tsintskaro Village........28 3.2.3 Current situation in Tsintskaro Village.............................................................31 3.3. The assessment on the reasons to the conflict in Tsintskaro Village ...........................33 3 3.3.1 Political context of the conflict.......................................................33 3.3.2 The assessment by both parties on the removal of the cross...........................34 3.3.3 Issues related to the participation of the local population in opening the prayer house.....35 3.3.4 Issues related to proselytism in the Tsintskaro public school.....................................36 3.3.5 Identity of the Adjarian Muslims and their indoctrination in Tsintskaro village........36 3.4. Assessment by the conflict parties on the role of the main stake holders..................37 3.4.1. Assessment by the Muslim Community..................................37 3.4.2. Assessment by the Christian Community................................37 4. A review of religious conflicts unfolded in Samtatskaro............................................39 4.1. The social and religious composition of the population of the village of Samtatskaro......39 4.2 The chronology and dynamics of the religious conflicts ..............................................39 4.2.1. The establishment of a prayer house in the village of Samtatskaro..........40 4.2.2. The first day of the conflict: May 24, 2013.............................................40 4.2.3. The confrontation of May 31, 2013 ...............................42 4.2.4. Pressure on the local Khoja: June 7, 2013 ........................................43 4.2.5. The visit of the State Minister for Reintegration to Samtatskaro on June 14, 2013.....44 4.2.6. The intervention in Khoja’s house and the threats against him: June 28, 2013......44 4.2.7. Khoja leaves the village and prayers cease in the prayer house.......................46 4.2.8. The post-conflict situation and the village today...............................46 4.2.9. The Muslim Community position on the conflict..............................................47 4.2.10. The conflict assessment by the Orthodox community................................48 4.3. Assesments of the causes of the conflict by the involved parties..............................49 4.3.1. The political context of the conflict ......................................................49 4.3.2. Adjarian Muslim identity and the Muslims’s indoctrination in the village of Samtatskaro......50 4.4 Assessment of the role of the major actors in regulating the conflict presented by the 4 involved sides...............................................................................51 4.4.1. Assessments by the local Muslim community....................................51 4.4.2. Evaluations by the local Orthodox community..............................51 5. Assessment of the role of the State in resolving the religious conflicts..........................52 5.1. Broad review..................................................................52 5.2. Analysis of the implemented state policy.....................................................53 5.3. Analysis of the state policies enacted for peaceful and fair resolution of the conflict .......55 5.4. Violation of secularism principle during the conflict resolution..................................56 5.5. Understanding the conflict and importance of positive measures for its prevention..57 6. Recommendations to the Georgian government on religious conflicts......................58 6.1. Recommendations to the Ministry of Interior of Georgia............................................58 6.2. Recommendations to the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia....................58 6.3 Recommendations to the Office of the State Minister for Reintegration......................59 6.4. Recommendations to the Ministry of Justice of Georgia.............................................59 6.5. Recommendations to the Ministry of Regional Development and Infrastructure and Local Self-Governing bodies................................................................................................59 6.6. Recommendations to the Parliament of Georgia and political parties........................60 Conclusion...................................................................................................................61 Bibliography.................................................................................................................62 The analysis of the social and political contexts of the religious conflicts unfolded in Georgia…………...... 64 Bibliography .............................................................................................. ................. 68 5 Introduction The presented research was conducted by Human Rights Education and Monitoring Center (EMC) with the financial support of the East-West Management Institute, Inc. (within the framework of - Policy, Advocacy and Civil Society Development in Georgia – G-PAC). The research aims to study the causes of the religious conflicts in the villages of Nigvziani (Lanchkhuti district), Tsintskaro (Tetritskaro district) and Samtatskaro (Dedoplistskaro district); as well as to analyze government policies enacted to the peaceful and just resolution of the conflicts. In addition, the research formulates recommendations to the central government to solve the existing problems and to prevent similar conflicts in the future. The research is examining religious conflicts in the broad dynamic and analyzes the social and political contexts that were influencing and conditioning it The paper presents a detailed narrative of the religious conflicts that unfolded
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