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WORLD REPORT 2021 EVENTS of 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118-3299 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH

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WORLD REPORT 2021 EVENTS of 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118-3299 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH WORLD REPORT 2021 EVENTS OF 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH 350 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10118-3299 HUMAN www.hrw.org RIGHTS WATCH This 31st annual World Report summarizes human rights conditions in nearly 100 countries and territories worldwide in 2020. WORLD REPORT It reflects extensive investigative work that Human Rights Watch staff conducted during the year, often in close partnership with 2021 domestic human rights activists. EVENTS OF 2020 Human Rights Watch defends HUMAN the rights of people worldwide. RIGHTS WATCH We scrupulously investigate abuses, expose facts widely, and pressure those with power to respect rights and secure justice. Human Rights Watch is an independent, international organization that works as part of a vibrant movement to uphold human dignity and advance the cause of human rights for all. Copyright © 2021 Human Rights Watch Human Rights Watch began in 1978 with the founding of its Europe and All rights reserved. Central Asia division (then known as Helsinki Watch). Today it also Printed in the United States of America includes divisions covering Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Central ISBN is 978-1-64421-028-4 Asia, the Middle East and North Africa, and the United States. There are thematic divisions or programs on arms; business and human rights; Cover photo: Kai Ayden, age 7, marches in a protest against police brutality in Atlanta, children’s rights; crisis and conflict; disability rights; the environment and Georgia on May 31, 2020 following the death human rights; international justice; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and of George Floyd in police custody. transgender rights; refugee rights; and women’s rights. © 2020 Elijah Nouvelage/Getty Images The organization maintains offices in Amman, Amsterdam, Beirut, Berlin, Cover and book design by Rafael Jiménez Bishkek, Brussels, Chicago, Geneva, Goma, Hong Kong, Johannesburg, Kiev, Kinshasa, London, Los Angeles, Miami, Moscow, Nairobi, New York, Paris, San Francisco, São Paulo, Seoul, Silicon Valley, Stockholm, Sydney, Tokyo, Toronto, Tunis, Washington DC, and Zurich, and field presences in more than 50 other locations globally. Human Rights Watch is an independent, nongovernmental organization, supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations worldwide. It accepts no government funds, directly or indirectly. www.hrw.org WORLD REPORT 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents Ecuador.......................................................................................................199 Egypt ..........................................................................................................207 Biden’s Challenge: Redeeming a US Role for Human Rights 1 El Salvador ..................................................................................................217 by Kenneth Roth Eritrea .........................................................................................................225 Eswatini ......................................................................................................231 Ethiopia ......................................................................................................235 COUNTRIES 21 European Union...........................................................................................241 France ........................................................................................................253 Afghanistan...................................................................................................19 Georgia .......................................................................................................261 Algeria..........................................................................................................28 Germany .....................................................................................................267 Angola ..........................................................................................................34 Greece ........................................................................................................274 Argentina......................................................................................................38 Guatemala ..................................................................................................281 Armenia ........................................................................................................47 Guinea........................................................................................................288 Australia .......................................................................................................54 Haiti ...........................................................................................................296 Azerbaijan ....................................................................................................63 Honduras ....................................................................................................259 Bahrain.........................................................................................................70 Hungary ......................................................................................................312 Bangladesh...................................................................................................76 India............................................................................................................317 Belarus.........................................................................................................84 Indonesia....................................................................................................329 Bolivia ..........................................................................................................92 Iran.............................................................................................................336 Bosnia and Herzegovina ..............................................................................100 Iraq .............................................................................................................345 Brazil...........................................................................................................105 Israel/Palestine...........................................................................................353 Burkina Faso ................................................................................................117 Italy ............................................................................................................363 Burundi .......................................................................................................123 Japan..........................................................................................................369 Cambodia....................................................................................................129 Jordan .........................................................................................................377 Cameroon....................................................................................................135 Kazakhstan .................................................................................................383 Canada ........................................................................................................141 Kenya .........................................................................................................390 Central African Republic...............................................................................149 Kosovo........................................................................................................396 Chile............................................................................................................154 Kuwait ........................................................................................................400 China...........................................................................................................161 Kyrgyzstan ..................................................................................................405 Colombia .....................................................................................................175 Lebanon ......................................................................................................413 Cuba ...........................................................................................................186 Libya...........................................................................................................420 Democratic Republic of Congo......................................................................194 Malaysia .....................................................................................................428 WORLD REPORT 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS Maldives .....................................................................................................434 Tajikistan ....................................................................................................648 Mali ............................................................................................................441 Thailand......................................................................................................654 Mauritania ..................................................................................................447 Tunisia........................................................................................................662
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