Gender and Security in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan Annotated
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Gender and Security in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan Annotated Bibliography 2013 The Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights created this Annotated Bibliography for the Women’s Regional Network (WRN). WRN aims to provide an opportunity for key women leaders in Afghanistan, Pakistan and India to unify efforts across borders and to build a common vision to address issues they face in trying to secure peace and stability in the region. The Network is especially concerned with the inter-linkages between security, extremisms, corruption and militarization, including the militarization of aid and development as they impact women’s lives. WRN commissioned this annotated bibliography, which maps recent studies, reports and other materials on these topics, in order to enable WRN members and partners to become familiar with the current discourse and evidence related to these themes. 1 © 2013 Consortium on Gender, Security, and Human Rights The Consortium on Gender, Security and Human Rights created this Annotated Bibliography for the Women’s Regional Network to provide a guide to the landscape of academic research on gender and security in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan; Eliza Berg, Lindsey Bouzan, Ekta Patel, Kathrine Bjerg Christensen, Caitlin Bagby, Jaqueline Daigneault, Savannah Riddle, Kathleen Yuki Davis, Samantha Pride, Lindsay Carpenter, Sarah Blair, Luca Koritsanszky, Jacqueline Daigneault, Jennine Sawwan, Paige Goodlett, Nargis Karimova and Mikaela Ringquist all made important contributions to this project. This bibliography is by no means an exhaustive listing; among its limitations, it is restricted to articles published in English. Insofar as possible, entries includes citations, published abstracts, quotations of key sentences (indicated in quotation marks, and followed by page number) and additional annotations by the interns who worked on this bibliography, and URLs for articles that are available on line. Books usually are only briefly summarized, often with the table of contents included. This annotated bibliography is meant to introduce readers to the landscape of academic research and debate in this field, and to help support the reader in her or his own research. Despite the inclusion of quotations and page numbers in the annotations, we strongly advise the reader not to quote directly from this document, but rather to use it to direct you to the literature that will be of use to you. If you are familiar with resources that you think should be included in this annotated bibliography, please send the citation, or, better yet, an annotation, and we will add it to the bibliography, with your name as reviewer. Resources can be submitted through our website at: genderandsecurity.org/projects-resources/annotated-bibliographies. 2 Table of Contents PREFACE: A GUIDE TO USING THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY .............................................. 4 I. PERSONAL IN/SECURITY ........................................................................................ 9 A. South Asia Resources ............................................................................................. 9 B. Global Resources .................................................................................................. 42 II. POLITICAL IN/SECURITY .................................................................................... 47 A. South Asia Resources ........................................................................................... 47 B. Global Resources .................................................................................................. 81 III. ECONOMIC IN/SECURITY................................................................................... 95 A. South Asia Resources ........................................................................................... 95 B. Global Resources ................................................................................................ 108 IV. MILITARIZATION AND WOMEN’S SECURITY .............................................. 109 1) Militarization & Armed Conflict ......................................................................... 110 A. South Asia Resources ...................................................................................... 110 B. Global Resources ............................................................................................ 121 3) Small Arms and Light Weapons .......................................................................... 126 A. South Asia Resources ...................................................................................... 126 B. Global Resourcesa .......................................................................................... 131 3) Militarization of Aid ............................................................................................ 137 A. South Asia Resources ...................................................................................... 137 B. Global Resources ............................................................................................ 144 V. CORRUPTION and LACK OF ACCOUNTABILITY & TRANSPARENCY ........ 146 A. South Asia Resources ......................................................................................... 146 B. Global Resources ................................................................................................ 174 VII. USEFUL WEBSITES .......................................................................................... 188 A. South Asia Resources ......................................................................................... 188 B. Global Resources ................................................................................................ 197 APPENDIX - Gender-Blind Discussion of the Militarization of Aid ............................ 204 PREFACE: A GUIDE TO USING THIS BIBLIOGRAPHY How the Bibliography is Organized For ease of reading, the bibliography has been divided into six main thematic sections, reflecting different dimensions of women’s in/security. Each of the six thematic sections is further divided into two sub-sections – one for “South Asia Resources” and a second, “Global Resources,” for resources which are not geographically-specific to the region, but which still address the interests of WRN members and partners. (Please note: while the “South Asia Resources” sections endeavor to present as much available material as possible, the “Global Resources” sections will, of necessity, represent a much smaller percentage of all available “Global Resources.”) Within each sub-section, sources are listed alphabetically, with full citations, followed by abstracts (where available) and notes describing the source’s content or main findings. Below the notes is a final section which lists the following: Theme, Subthemes, Geographical Focus and the Language(s) in which the source is available. While the division of the bibliography into six thematic sections may be useful, it must also be stressed, however, that the multiple dimensions of women’s in/security, in actuality, are tightly interrelated, and interact dynamically in women’s lives. For this reason, it is unsurprising that many resources address several different dimensions of women’s (in)security at once; in those cases, the resources have been placed in the most congruent thematic section, and the additional themes were listed in the “Subthemes” for each resource. The six major thematic sections are: I. Personal In/Security Resources are predominantly about the personal, bodily and emotional security of women. Violence against women proves to be a recurrent theme, including domestic violence, sexual violence, harassment, trafficking, women’s health and reproductive rights, early marriage, and female feticide. II. Political In/Security Resources are predominantly about the security of women in regard to public activism, leadership and political participation and representation, and women’s engagement in peace processes and peacebuilding. The section includes resources relevant to Security Sector Reform, as well as UNSCR 1325 (which we use as a shorthand term for the whole so-called “Women, Peace and Security” agenda, as developed by the international women’s activist and policy communities). III. Economic In/Security Resources are predominantly about the women’s ability to participate in the formal and informal economy and to secure a livelihood. Topics include property 4 rights, agriculture, access to natural resources, water security and the empowerment of women on a community level. IV. Militarization and Women’s Security This theme is divided into three separate sub-sections. Militarization & Armed Conflict Resources are predominantly about the impact of war on women, and women’s various forms of engagement with war. Small Arms and Light Weapons Resources explore the impact of the proliferation of small arms and light weapons on women’s security. Militarization of Aid Resources explore the impact on women of the increasing militarization of both humanitarian assistance and development aid programs. Important Note: Most available resources about the militarization of humanitarian assistance do not consider the impact on local populations in general, much less on women. An Appendix has been included to give the reader a sense of the gender-blind literature in this field. V. Corruption, and Lack of Accountability & Transparency Resources explore the prevalence of corruption – in both public institutions and daily personal life – as well as governments’