Elasmobranchs in the Dutch Caribbean: Current Population Status, Fisheries, and Conservation
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1 a Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark
A Petition to List the Oceanic Whitetip Shark (Carcharhinus longimanus) as an Endangered, or Alternatively as a Threatened, Species Pursuant to the Endangered Species Act and for the Concurrent Designation of Critical Habitat Oceanic whitetip shark (used with permission from Andy Murch/Elasmodiver.com). Submitted to the U.S. Secretary of Commerce acting through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the National Marine Fisheries Service September 21, 2015 By: Defenders of Wildlife1 535 16th Street, Suite 310 Denver, CO 80202 Phone: (720) 943-0471 (720) 942-0457 [email protected] [email protected] 1 Defenders of Wildlife would like to thank Courtney McVean, a law student at the University of Denver, Sturm college of Law, for her substantial research and work preparing this Petition. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 4 II. GOVERNING PROVISIONS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT ............................................. 5 A. Species and Distinct Population Segments ....................................................................... 5 B. Significant Portion of the Species’ Range ......................................................................... 6 C. Listing Factors ....................................................................................................................... 7 D. 90-Day and 12-Month Findings ........................................................................................ -
Empire and Architecture at 16Th-Century Puerto Real, Hispaniola: an Archeological Perspective
EMPIRE AND ARCHITECTURE AT 16th -CENTURY PUERTO REAL, HISPANIOLA: AN ARCHEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE BY RAYMOND F. WILLIS DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1984 Copyright 1984 by Raymond F. Willis t; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The research for this dissertation was funded by the Organization of American States, University of Florida, and Wentworth Foundation. I would first like to thank four individuals whose support and guidance made possible the accomplishment of successful, large-scale archeological research in Haiti: Albert Mangones, director of Haiti's Institute de Sauvegarde du Patrimoine National (ISPAN) ; Ragnar Arnesen, director of Haiti's Organization of American States (OAS) delegation; Dr. William Hodges, director of the Hopital le Bon Samaritain at Limbe , Haiti; and, Paul Hodges, a good friend and the best site manager and most competent field photographer I will ever have the pleasure to work with. Without the guidance of these four men I could not have come near to accomplishing my goals; all four have the deepest concern for the welfare and upward progression of the Haitian people. I can only hope that this dissertation will illustrate that the support and trust they gave me were not wasted. Many individuals at the University of Florida aided me and supported this project over the past six years. First is my original committee chairman (now retired) Dr. Charles H. Fairbanks, Distinguished Service iii . Professor m Anthropology. Dr. Fairbanks was the original principal investigator and prime mover for the initiation of the Puerto Real project. -
Sharks and Rays
SHARKS AND RAYS Photo by: © Jim Abernethy Transboundary Species - Content ... 31 32 33 34 35 ... Overview As stated in the previous section, the establishment of the Yarari fishing for sharks in the Netherlands and places new pressure on Marine Mammal and Shark Sanctuary was an important step fishermen to implement new techniques and updated fishing gear in protecting the shark and ray species of the Dutch Caribbean. to avoid accidentally catching sharks and rays as bycatch. Overall, there is a significant lack of information concerning these vital species within Dutch Caribbean waters. Fortunately, this There are several different international treaties and legisla- trend is changing and in the last few years there has been a push tion which offer protection to these species. This includes the to increase research, filling in the historic knowledge gap. Sharks Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), and rays are difficult species to protect as they tend to have long the Specially Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW) protocol and reproduction cycles, varying between 3 and 30 years, small litters, the Convention on Migratory Species (CMS). Scientists are just which means they do not recover quickly when overfished and can beginning to uncover the complexities of managing conservation travel over great distances which makes them difficult to track. efforts for these species, as they often have long migration routes which put them in danger if international waters are not managed Early in 2019, the Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality and protected equally. (LNV) published a strategy document to manage and protect sharks and rays within waters the Netherlands influences (this There are more than thirty different species of sharks and includes the North Sea, Dutch Caribbean and other international rays which are known to inhabit the waters around the Dutch waters). -
Sharks in the Seas Around Us: How the Sea Around Us Project Is Working to Shape Our Collective Understanding of Global Shark Fisheries
Sharks in the seas around us: How the Sea Around Us Project is working to shape our collective understanding of global shark fisheries Leah Biery1*, Maria Lourdes D. Palomares1, Lyne Morissette2, William Cheung1, Reg Watson1, Sarah Harper1, Jennifer Jacquet1, Dirk Zeller1, Daniel Pauly1 1Sea Around Us Project, Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada 2UNESCO Chair in Integrated Analysis of Marine Systems. Université du Québec à Rimouski, Institut des sciences de la mer; 310, Allée des Ursulines, C.P. 3300, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada Report prepared for The Pew Charitable Trusts by the Sea Around Us project December 9, 2011 *Corresponding author: [email protected] Sharks in the seas around us Table of Contents FOREWORD........................................................................................................................................ 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 5 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 7 SHARK BIODIVERSITY IS THREATENED ............................................................................. 10 SHARK-RELATED LEGISLATION ............................................................................................. 13 SHARK FIN TO BODY WEIGHT RATIOS ................................................................................ 14 -
Fish Assemblages of Caribbean Coral Reefs: Effects of Overfishing on Coral Communities Under Climate Change
FISH ASSEMBLAGES OF CARIBBEAN CORAL REEFS: EFFECTS OF OVERFISHING ON CORAL COMMUNITIES UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE Abel Valdivia-Acosta A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Biological Sciences in the Department of Biology, College of Art and Sciences. Chapel Hill 2014 Approved by: John Bruno Charles Peterson Allen Hurlbert Julia Baum Craig Layman © 2014 Abel Valdivia-Acosta ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Abel Valdivia-Acosta: Fish assemblages of Caribbean coral reefs: Effects of overfishing on coral communities under climate change (Under the direction of John Bruno) Coral reefs are threatened worldwide due to local stressors such as overfishing, pollution, and diseases outbreaks, as well as global impacts such as ocean warming. The persistence of this ecosystem will depend, in part, on addressing local impacts since humanity is failing to control climate change. However, we need a better understanding of how protection from local stressors decreases the susceptibility of reef corals to the effects of climate change across large-spatial scales. My dissertation research evaluates the effects of overfishing on coral reefs under local and global impacts to determine changes in ecological processes across geographical scales. First, as large predatory reef fishes have drastically declined due to fishing, I reconstructed natural baselines of predatory reef fish biomass in the absence of human activities accounting for environmental variability across Caribbean reefs. I found that baselines were variable and site specific; but that contemporary predatory fish biomass was 80-95% lower than the potential carrying capacity of most reef areas, even within marine reserves. -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U
Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Jorge R. García Sais SEDAR26-RD-02 FINAL REPORT Inventory and Atlas of Corals and Coral Reefs, with Emphasis on Deep-Water Coral Reefs from the U. S. Caribbean EEZ Submitted to the: Caribbean Fishery Management Council San Juan, Puerto Rico By: Dr. Jorge R. García Sais dba Reef Surveys P. O. Box 3015;Lajas, P. R. 00667 [email protected] December, 2005 i Table of Contents Page I. Executive Summary 1 II. Introduction 4 III. Study Objectives 7 IV. Methods 8 A. Recuperation of Historical Data 8 B. Atlas map of deep reefs of PR and the USVI 11 C. Field Study at Isla Desecheo, PR 12 1. Sessile-Benthic Communities 12 2. Fishes and Motile Megabenthic Invertebrates 13 3. Statistical Analyses 15 V. Results and Discussion 15 A. Literature Review 15 1. Historical Overview 15 2. Recent Investigations 22 B. Geographical Distribution and Physical Characteristics 36 of Deep Reef Systems of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands C. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic 49 Communities Associated With Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Benthic Algae 49 2. Sponges (Phylum Porifera) 53 3. Corals (Phylum Cnidaria: Scleractinia 57 and Antipatharia) 4. Gorgonians (Sub-Class Octocorallia 65 D. Taxonomic Characterization of Sessile-Benthic Communities 68 Associated with Deep Sea Habitats of Puerto Rico and the U. S. Virgin Islands 1. Echinoderms 68 2. Decapod Crustaceans 72 3. Mollusks 78 E. -
Identifying Shark Fins: Silky and Threshers Fin Landmarks Used in This Guide
Identifying Shark Fins: Silky and Threshers Fin landmarks used in this guide Apex Trailing edge Leading edge Origin Free rear tip Fin base Shark fins Caudal fin First dorsal fin This image shows the positions of the fin types that are highly prized in trade: the first dorsal, paired Second dorsal fin pectoral fins and the lower lobe of the caudal fin. The lower lobe is the only part of the caudal fin that is valuable in trade (the upper lobe is usually discarded). Second dorsal fins, paired pelvic fins and Lower caudal lobe anal fins, though less valuable, also occur in trade. Pectoral fins The purpose of this guide In 2012, researchers in collaboration with Stony Brook University and The Pew Charitable Trusts developed a comprehensive guide to help wildlife inspectors, customs agents, and fisheries personnel provisionally identify the highly distinctive first dorsal fins of five shark species recently listed in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES): the oceanic whitetip, three species of hammerhead, and the porbeagle. Since then, over 500 officials from dozens of countries have been trained on how to use key morphological characteristics outlined in the guide to quickly distinguish fins from these CITES listed species amongst fins of non-CITES listed species during routine inspections. The ability to quickly and reliably identify fins in their most commonly traded form (frozen and/or dried and unprocessed) to the species level provides governments with a means to successfully implement the CITES listing of these shark species and allow for legal, sustainable trade. -
Cayman Islands Based on These Data and Survey Data from the Reef Environmental Education Foundation Database
STATUS OF CORAL REEFS OF LITTLE CAYMAN AND GRAND CAYMAN, BRITISH WEST INDIES, IN 1999 (PART 2: FISHES) BY CHRISTY V. PATTENGILL-SEMMENS,1 and BRICE X. SEMMENS2 ABSTRACT The fish assemblages at 33 sites around the islands of Grand Cayman and Little Cayman were assessed in June 1999 for the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment initiative using belt transects and Roving Diver Technique surveys. A comprehensive species list, with 58 new records, was compiled for the Cayman Islands based on these data and survey data from the Reef Environmental Education Foundation database. In general, the reefs on Little Cayman appeared to support larger and more individual fishes than those of Grand Cayman. A multidimensional scaling ordination plot showed no clear island pattern but did reveal that the windward or leeward location of each site was an important factor affecting fish community composition. All but two sites followed a pattern of distinct windward and leeward clusters, and these clusters also correlated to macroalgal abundance. The relationship between macroalgal abundance and herbivore density was analyzed and significant correlations were found with surgeonfishes (Acanthuridae) and parrotfishes (Scaridae) using multiple regression. INTRODUCTION Fishes have the potential to provide sensitive indices of reef health. Certain predatory fish species dominate the top of coral reef food webs, hence their density reflects a vast number of human and natural disturbances from habitat alteration to direct exploitation (Ferreira et al., 1998). Similarly, the presence and abundance of herbivorous fishes affect algal composition and cover (Ogden and Lobel, 1978). In response to concerns about the widespread deterioration of reef condition in the Caribbean basin, the Atlantic and Gulf Rapid Reef Assessment (AGRRA) initiative was designed to provide a regional perspective using a standardized methodology. -
Carcharhinus Perezi.Pmd
Mare Magnum 1(2), 2001 ISSN 1676-5788 ON THE PRESENCE OF THE CARIBBEAN REEF SHARK, Carcharhinus perezi (POEY, 1876) (CHONDRICHTHYES, CARCHARHINIDAE), IN THE SOUTHWEST ATLANTIC Jules M. R. Soto Museu Oceanográfico do Vale do Itajaí, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, CP 360, CEP 88302-202, Itajaí, SC, Brazil. [email protected] This paper comments on the presence of the Caribbean reef shark Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) in the southwest Atlantic, based on specimens obtained from Brazilian oceanic islands and a review of the literature. It also comments on aspects relating to reproduction, food habits and behavior in this region. Preliminary results indicate that the Rocas Atoll and the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago are important nursery areas for the species in the South Atlantic. A review of its occurrence on the Brazilian coast is also presented. O presente trabalho comenta a presença do tubarão-dos-recifes Carcharhinus perezi (Poey, 1876) no sudoeste do Atlântico, com base em espécimes obtidos em ilhas oceânicas brasileiras e revisão da literatura. Aspectos da reprodução, hábito alimentar e comportamento são também comentados para a região. Resultados preliminares indicam que Atol das Rocas e Arquipélago Fernando de Noronha são importantes áreas de nascimento e cria da espécie no Atlântico Sul. A revisão da ocorrência na costa brasileira é também apresentada. The Caribbean reef shark, Carcharhinus perezi fishing boats equipped with longlines and handlines, (Poey, 1876), occurs in Western Atlantic, between Ber- operating along the insular shelf, at depths of between muda and Southern Brazilian waters, including Gulf of 15 and 60 m. The sample comprising 27 specimens (21- Mexico (Compagno, 1984b; Soto, 2001). -
And Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications
DePaul University Via Sapientiae College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations College of Science and Health Spring 6-14-2019 Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications Phillip C. Sternes DePaul University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Sternes, Phillip C., "Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications" (2019). College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations. 327. https://via.library.depaul.edu/csh_etd/327 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Science and Health at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Body Forms in Sharks (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii), and Their Functional, Ecological, and Evolutionary Implications A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science June 2019 By Phillip C. Sternes Department of Biological Sciences College of Science and Health DePaul University Chicago, Illinois Table of Contents Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................ii List of Tables..................................................................................................................................iv -
Species Carcharhinus Brachyurus (Günther, 1870
FAMILY Carcharhinidae Jordan & Evermann, 1896 - requiem sharks [=Triaenodontini, Prionidae, Cynocephali, Galeocerdini, Carcharhininae, Eulamiidae, Loxodontinae, Scoliodontinae, Galeolamnidae, Rhizoprionodontini, Isogomphodontini] GENUS Carcharhinus Blainville, 1816 - requiem sharks [=Aprion, Aprionodon, Bogimba, Carcharias, Eulamia, Galeolamna, Galeolamnoides, Gillisqualus, Gymnorhinus, Hypoprion, Hypoprionodon, Isoplagiodon, Lamnarius, Longmania, Mapolamia, Ogilamia, Platypodon, Pterolamia, Pterolamiops, Uranga, Uranganops] Species Carcharhinus acarenatus Moreno & Hoyos, 1983 - Moroccan shark Species Carcharhinus acronotus (Poey, 1860) - blacknose shark [=remotus] Species Carcharhinus albimarginatus (Rüppell, 1837) silvertip shark [=platyrhynchus] Species Carcharhinus altimus (Springer, 1950) - bignose shark [=radamae] Species Carcharhinus amblyrhynchoides (Whitley, 1934) - graceful shark Species Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) - grey reef shark [=coongoola, fowleri, nesiotes, tufiensis] Species Carcharhinus amboinensis (Müller & Henle, 1839) - Java shark [=brachyrhynchos, henlei, obtusus] Species Carcharhinus borneensis (Bleeker, 1858) - Borneo shark Species Carcharhinus brachyurus (Günther, 1870) - copper shark, bronze whaler, narrowtooth shark [=ahenea, improvisus, lamiella, remotoides, rochensis] Species Carcharhinus brevipinna (Müller & Henle, 1839) - great blacktip shark [=brevipinna B, calamaria, caparti, johnsoni, maculipinnis, nasuta] Species Carcharhinus cautus (Whitley, 1945) - nervous shark Species Carcharhinus