Yew Lake - Old Growth Plant List FCPP expresses its gratitude to Cladothamnus pyroliflorus Pinus monticola Van-Dusen Botanical Garden for COPPERBUSH WESTERN WHITE PINE permission to reproduce this plant Ericaceae Pinaceae list, compiled and detailed in 1997 • deciduous, hairless, pale green leaves • five needles • trees small due to white pine blister- by Carolyn Jones from plant lists covered with a waxy powder • salmon or copper flowers, long rust, a serious fungal disease introd. prepared by Gerald Straley and curved style to BC in 1910 Terry Taylor. • moist forests (commonly w/mtn. • fungus may have come from Europe hemlock) on French pine stock but was Flowering Plants: • could be confused with Rh. probably originally Asian albiflorum (shiny leaves w/ rusty • it is wind borne and has three types Tress and Shrubs hairs on top) or Menziesia (gladular of spores, one of which affects Ribes hairy leaves that are often bluish- Abies amabilis AMABILIS FIR, Populus balsamifera ssp. tricocarpa green) BLACK COTTONWOOD PACIFIC SILVER FIR • one of the few genera endemic to Salicaceae Pinaceae Western North America • common along moist areas, such as • climax tree at this elevation • mostly near streams in this area, e.g. river banks • pitch blisters protect against before bridge to west of OGF • used commercially to make tissue infection Gaultheria humifusa WESTERN TEA paper • lvs dark green, notch at apex, whitish • new buds secrete a sweetly-fragrant below BERRY, ALPINE WINTERGREEN Ericaceae resin Alnus sinuata • small relative of salal; very sweet, red Rhododendron albiflorum SITKA ALDER, SLIDE ALDER berries WHITE RHODODENDRON Betulaceae • berries have hairs; wetter habitat Ericaceae • shrubby alder of higher elevations than G ovatifolia • both leaves and flowers look like an • bacteria in root nodules convert N2 Gaultheria ovatifolia azalea, but it is a true rhododendron, from the air. with ten stamens. • to a form the plant can metabolize WESTERN TEA BERRY Ericaceae • White flowers and distinctively slimy leaves Cassiope mertensiana • similar to previous but berries have WHITE MOSS HEATHER no hairs Ribes bracteosum Ericaceae STINKING CURRANT • bell-shaped white fls; small Kalmia occidentalis Rosaceae adpressed leaves SWAMP LAUREL Ericaceae • deciduous shrub to 3 m, all parts • here Cassiope and Phyllodoce grow with round, yellow glands together. • a toxic bog plant with pink flowers • large, shiny, maple-shaped lvs w/ • Cassiope continues to higher • immature stamens are held in pits in deep veins elevations; the petals • white flws in long clusters; blue- • Phyllodoce continues to lower Menziesia ferruginea FALSE black berries with a whitish bloom elevations AZALEA, FOOL’S HUCKLEBERRY (waxy coating) Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Ericaceae • fruit edible but flavour is variable YELLOW CEDAR • bluish-green azalea-like lvs; bronze Rubus spectabilis SALMONBERRY Cupressaceae bell flowers Rosaceae • the oldest known trees in Canada are Phyllodoce empetriformis • deciduous shrub to 4 m; scattered in this species: up to 1,700 years old RED HEATHER prickles at Caren Ridge Ericaceae • lvs divided into three, sharply toothed leaflets • very resistant to decay • pink bell-shaped fls; spreading, • stems zigzag; bark golden-brown needle-like lvs and shredding; flowers pink; fruit • with Cassiope, dominant on open orange red mtn ridges • often abundant along stream banks and in wet disturbed sites, such as avalanche tracks Yew Lake - Old Growth Plant List (Continued) Salix sitchensis SITKA WILLOW Clintonia uniflora Salicaceae QUEEN’S CUP, BEADLILY • deciduous shrub or small tree with densely Convallariaceae velvety twigs that are brittle at their bases • 2-3 oblong, basal lvs; slightly fleshy and • satiny short adpressed hairs under leaves shiny • growing along streamsides and wet • large, white, cup-shaped fls erect, usually margins solitary • flw ripens into a single, bright metallic blue Sorbus sitchensis var. grayi berry SITKA MOUNTAIN ASH Rosaceae Coptis asplenifolia FERNLEAF GOLDTHREAD • similar to the European rowan tree, but it Ranunculaceae is a shrubby species of the mountain slopes • shiny fern-like leaves Spirea densiflora SUBALPINE SPIREA • small, yellow-green flws with long Rosaceae projections • dwarf shrub; dense clusters of dark pink • close to the southern end of its range flws Coptis trifolia Tsuga heterophylla WESTERN HEMLOCK THREELEAF GOLDTHREAD Pinaceae • the rarest plant at Cypress Bowl • climax tree in coastal forests; there is an • northern species: does not extend south of North Shore • only other known nearby old tree in the OGF, approx. 600 yrs. old site Blue Gentian Lk • important timber source • shiny leaflets held close to peat surface • delicate, flat needles of two lengths Corallorhiza maculata ssp. mertensiana Tsuga mertensiana WESTERN CORAL ROOT MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK Orchidaceae • replaces western hemlock at higher • red-brown stems with pink to red-purple elevations flowers • needles spread, looking like small • lvs do not photosynthesize, so are reduced starbursts to translucent sheaths • some trees in this park are over 600 years • grows in rich humus old • while usually referred to as a “saprophyte,” • fruit commonly collected in the local it is believed to be a hyperparasite, parasitic mountains on the mycorrhizal fungi that are in turn • bell-shaped flowers protect against rain parasitic on hemlock and fir roots • blue-black berries without bloom (waxy Cornus canadensis BUNCHBERRY coating) Cornaceae • turn leaf over and fold along midvein; if • a herbaceous relative of the dogwood tree there are widely spaced ‘whiskers’ along • intermediate between northern and midvein, it is Alaska blueberry and if not, eastern races it is oval-leaved blueberry (V. ovalifolium) which also has blue-black berries with Pond, Yew Meadows, Laura Drosera rotundifolia SUNDEW bloom. Droseraceae Parkinson photo • carnivorous plant of nitrogen-poor bogs Vaccinium membranaceum • slender glands on lvs contain digestive BLACK HUCKLEBERRY • basal lvs round to lance-shaped, usually enzymes • similar; very tasty, purplish or reddish withering by flowering time Epilobium angustifolium FIREWEED black fruit, without bloom • stem lvs opposite, 2-4 pairs, usually • very common on logged and burned slopes • lvs usually have more teeth with sharper coarsely toothed • wind-disseminated seeds; important honey points Aruncus dioicus (syn A. Sylvester) plant Vaccinium uliginosum. BOG BLUEBERRY GOAT’SBEARD, SPAGHETTI FLOWER • tall plant with purple flowers • bog species not common at higher Rosaceae Erigeron perigrinus MOUNTAIN DAISY, elevations here • a robust perennial to 1-2 m SUBALPINE DAISY-FLEABANE • a low shrub with blue-green leaves • large lower leaves usually three times Asteraceae • near fork of paths to parking lot and OGF compound, sharply toothed and pointed • light purple, daisy-like flowers • common in Burns Bog too • tiny white flowers are dioecious (male and • moist meadows, streamsides and open female flowers on separate plants) forests Flowering Plants: • flws in elongated, much-divided terminal Eriophorum angustifolium clusters (syn. E. polystachion) Herbaceous • “edge” habitats, of roads, streams and COMMON COTTON GRASS Anaphalis margaritacea forests Cyperaceae PEARLY EVERLASTING Carex nigricans BLACK ALPINE SEDGE • dominant subalpine sedge forms almost a Asteraceae Cyperaceae mono-culture in marshy spots • bristles form in large white clusters that • long-lasting woolly bracts surround small • tufted from stout creeping rhizome look like cotton balls near bridge before fls • forms hummocky mats OGF • narrow lvs w/ 3 parallel veins woolly when • lvs flat or channeled, stiff, 1-3 mm wide young • survives with a very short growing season Juncus ensifolius DAGGERLEAF RUSH • rocky slopes, open forest, meadows; weedy and is often dominant in areas where Juncaceae native on disturbed sites snow drifts and banks remain late into the • lvs laterally flattened like an iris, 3-4 per summer stem Arnica latifolia MOUNTAIN ARNICA • bulkheads in leaves help transport oxygen Asteraceae to the roots • yellow daisy common in moist, subalpine • flowers in a terminal inflorescence on wet meadows and streambanks sandy soils in bogs, marshes and meadows; common in our region Yew Lake - Old Growth Plant List (Continued) Listera caurina WESTERN TWAYBLADE Pinguicula vulgaris COMMON Streptopus streptopoides SMALL Orchidaceae BUTTERWORT TWISTED STALK Listera cordata HEARTLEAF Lentibulariaceae • occurs in OGF; grows to 20 cm; saucer- TWAYBLADE • small carnivorous plant of mossy seeps, shaped green flowers • perennials from creeping rootstock; a rocky drip-faces, bogs Tiarella trifoliata FOAM FLOWER single pair of leaves mid-stem • found at edge of logging road above OGF Saxifragaceae • elongated clusters of pale green flowers • basal yellowish-green leaves, forming • genetically variable • L. caurina: lvs egg-shaped; flowers lighter rosette, greasy-slimy on upper surface • low-level, three-leaf variety and the green; lip rounded • single dark lavender-purple flower, violet- mountain, single-leaf variety grow at this • L. cordata: Lvs heart shaped; flowers like in appearance site in OGF browner green; lip splits into two lobes Platanthera hyperborea • foam-like, white flowers • both are just at beginning of OGF loop (syn Habenaria hyperborea) • peculiar seed dispersal mechanism: the fork, on the right NORTHERN GREEN BOG ORCHID spherical seed rolls down a scoop-shaped Luetkea pectinata PARTRIDGEFOOT Orchidaceae structure Rosaceae Platanthera stricta (syn.