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Basidiomicates De Costa Rica. Nuevas Especies De Exobasidium

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Basidiomicates De Costa Rica. Nuevas Especies De Exobasidium Rev. Biol. Trop. 46(4): 1081-1093, 1998 www.ucr.ac.cr www.ots.ac.cr www.ots.duke.edu Basidiomicetes de Costa Rica. Nuevas especies de Exobasidium (Exobasidiaceae) y registros de Cryptobasidiales Luis D. Gómez p'1 y Liuba Kisimova- Horovitz2 1 Academia Nacional de Ciencias, Apartado 676-2050, Costa Rica, [email protected] 2 Spezielle Botanik Mykologie, Universittit Tübingen, Alemania. Recibido 19-1-1998. Corregido 24-VIII-1998. Aceptado 17-IX-1998. Abstract: Six new species in thy genus Exobasidium are described: E. aequatorianum n. sp., parasitic on Vaccinium crenatum (Don) Sleumer from Ecuador where it is widely distributed; E. arctostaphyli Harkn., found on Arctostaphylos arbutoides (Lindl.) Hemsl., and on Comarostaphylos costaricensis Small in Costa Rica is redescribed; E.jamaicense n. sp., on Lyonia jamaicensis (Swartz) D. Don from Jamaica and possibly through­ out the Caribbean range of the host genus; E. disterigmicola n.sp., on Disterigma humboldtii (KI.) Nied., from the Talamanca Range, Costa Rica and possibly, throughout the range of its host, E. sphyrospermii n. sp.,on Sphyrospermum cordifolium Bentham in Costa Rica, E. poasanum n. sp., on Cavendishia bracteata (R. & P, ex J. St.-Hil.) Hoer., from the Poás massif in Costa Rica. Exobasidium escalloniae Gómez & Kisimova, descrit¡ed from Costa Rica, is now known to occur in Ecuador on the same host, Escallonia myrtilloides L.f Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.) Wor. is here reported from Vacciniumj10ribundum H.B.K. from various Ecuadorean 10caliÍies, and E. pernettyae n. sp. is described as a parasite of Pernettya prostrata (Cav.) DC in Costa Rica. With the exception of Escallonia, of saxifragaceous affinities, all hosts belong in the Ericaceae. Exobasidium arc­ tostaphyli is a first record for the neotropical region. With the exception of E. jamaicense, not seen in the wild by us, all others have been found associated with small slugs (Mollusca: Limacidae) which are suspected to be one of the vectors of the parasite. Sorne biogeographical considerations are presented. The Cryptobasidiaceae Clinoconidium bullatum Syd., not collected since first described in 1925, and Clinoconidiuril farinosum (P. Henn.) Pat., are both parasites of Lauraceae, Cinnamomum sp. and Ocotea monteverdensis Burger, respectively, and were found in the Monteverde Reserve, Costa Rica. Drepanoconis larviformis (Speg.) Speg. is reported as a parasite of Aiouea costaricensis (Mez) Kosterm. from the cloud forests of San Gerardo de Dota, Costa Rica. Clinoconidium farinosum and Drepanoconis larviformis constitute new records for Central America. Key words: Exobasidium, Clinoconidium, Drepanoconis, Ericaceae, Grossulariaceae, Saxifragaceae, Lauraceae, Cryptobasídiaceae, Exobasidiaceae, basidiomycetes, neotropical, phytopathology, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Limacidae, Mollusca, mycogeography, fungí. Desde nuestra primera publicación sobre nidium, y del bosque nublado de San Gerardo Exobasidiales (Gómez & Kisimova 1997), he­ de Dota se comunica la presencia de Drepano­ mos tenido la oportunidad de estudiar una am­ conis, ambos Cryptobasidiales son nuevos pa­ plia serie de materiales neotropicales que am­ ra el área. plían la distribución geográfica y duplican el número de especies de Exobasidium conocidas en la región mesoamericana, el Caribe y los MATERIALESY MÉTODOS Andes ecuatorianos. De material procedente de la Reserva Forestal de Monteverde se registran Los mismos métodos descritos en Gómez & una nueva localidad y una especie de Clinoco- Kisimova (1997). Los ejemplares se depositan 1082 REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL en el Herbario de la Universidad de Costa Ri­ asociado con Chuquiraga jussieui, Wemeria ca (USJ), el Herbario del Museo Nacional de crassifolia, Diplostephium sp. (Asteraceae), Ciencias Naturales, Quito, Ecuador (QCNE), Gentianella cerastoides, Halenia sp. (Gentia­ JardínBotánico de Misurí, E.E.U.U. (MO), y naceae), Brachyotum ledifolium (Melastoma­ Herbario,Universidad de las Indias Occidenta­ ceae) y Stipa ichu (Poaceae). Ecuador,Volcán les,Jamaica (UCWI). Cotopaxi,Provincia Cotopaxi, 3500 m,Gómez & Hewson 25964, 29 octubre 1997 (QCNE). Exobasidium aequatorianum Gómez & Isotypus: USJ. Paratypi: loe. dato cit. Gómez Kisimova,nov. sp. & Hewson 25966, 25970 (USJ, QCNE). Materiales adicionales: Ecuador: Prov. Cotopaxi: Faldas SE del Coto-paxi, aprox. 10 km NE de Latacunga, en plantación de conífe­ ras micorrízicas con Suillus luteus, 3300 m. Gómez & Hewson 25972, 29/10/97 (USJ); Borde de carretera,Páramo de Millán, 3000 m, Gómez & Hewson 25973, 29110/97 (USJ). Provincia Tungurahua. Estribaciones occiden­ tales del Tungurahua, 3350 m, Gómez & Hew­ son 25975, 29110/97 (QCNE, USJ). Provincia Imbabura. PáramoEl Angel, 3200 m, asociado con Espeletia hartwegiana, Hypericum larici­ folium, Vaccinium f/oribundum. Gómez & Hewson 25967, 25969, 03/11/97 (QCNE, USJ). Hongo parásito en Vaccinium crenatum (Don) Sleumer, hipófilo,que cubre todo el en­ vés de las hojas. Micelio intercelular, de hifas monorníticas,hialinas, de 1.2 - 2. 3(2.5) ¡..tm de diámetro, relativamente uniformes,de paredes delgadas,con pocos septos dispersos. Himenio efuso en envés foliar. Basidios cilíndrico-cla­ vados, 13 - 22 x 6.3 - 7. 4 ¡..tm, hialinos, con 2 esterigmas (en unos pocos basidios se observa­ Fig. 1. Exobasidium aequatorianum infectando talluelos ron hasta 3 esterigmas) vermiformes,de 3 - 4 de Vaccinium crenatum, holotipo, Cotopaxi, Ecuador. ¡..tm de largo. Esporas característicamente cur­ Foto: Luis D. Gómez (L. D. G.) vadas hacia la base, elipsoidales, 12 - 4 ¡..tm, hialinas, de paredes delgadas. Conidios (blas­ Parasiticum, resupinatum, effusum, hypo­ toconidios) aparentemente ausentes. genum. Systema hyphale monomiticum, hyphis El hongo causa una hipertrofia de los ta­ 1.2 - 2.3(2.5) 11m latis, efibu-latis, tenuitunica­ lluelos de 4° y 5° orden o retoños anuales con tis, hyalinis, pauce septatis. Basidia cylindri­ las siguientes características: 1- engrosamiento co-clavata, 13 - 22 X 6.3 - 7.411m, 2-sterigma­ uniforme,no fusiforme,del eje del talluelo,con ta (raro 3-sterigmata), sporis ellipsoideis 12 x crecimiento anormal en tamaño y densidad de 4 11m, unisep-tatis, hyalinis, tenuitunicatis. Co­ los pelos superficiales y una alta concentración nidia, ut videtur, nulla. de pigmentos rojos. El talluelo infectado es muy frágil y quebradizo. 2- Agrandamiento de las . Holotypus: En Vaccinium crenatum (Don) hojas del eje parasitado. El aumento de área fo­ Sleumer, creciendo en matorrales del páramo liar es del orden de 30 - 50%, las clorofilas son GOMEZ & KISIMOVA: Basidiomicetes de Costa Rica. Nuevas especies de Exobasidium 1083 reemplazadas por antocianinas, la haz es de un color rojo carmesí brillante. Las venas foliares, immersas en hojas no parasitadas, con la infec­ ción son visibles en gran detalle. Hay una dis­ minución en la longitud de los entrenudos por lo que la hipertrofia en pleno desarrollo aseme­ ja una "flor" terminal en el talluelo. La nueva especie es, en términos genera­ les, afín con Exobasidium vaccinii (Fkl.) Wo­ ronin, del que difiere por las dimensiones de basidios y esporas, y con E. talamancense Gó­ mez & Kisimova por el tipo de lesión que for­ ma aunque en esta última los brotes infectados se producen en los tallos primarios, con trans­ formación importante del leño y la hipelirofia presenta elongación de entrenudos y un gigan­ tismo en las hojas infectadas, además de dife­ rir de E. aequatorianum por las dimensiones de sus basidios y esporas. Exobasidium arctostaphyli Harkn. , Cali­ fornia Acad. Sci. 1: 30. 1886. (= E. vaccinii var. arctostaphyli (Harkn. ) Savile) (Figs. 2, 9). Parásito que causa "agallas coraloides" en troncos vetustos además de hipertrofias en ye­ Fig. 2. Hipertrofia de yema ter­ mas vegetativas terminales, caracterizadas por Ewbasidium arctostapyli. minal de Comarostahloscostaricensis. Foto: L. D. G. abultamiento fusiforme del tallo, pérdida de clorofilas que son sustituidas por antocianinas Prov. San José, 3100 m, 19/12/1997, L. D. Gó­ y carotenoides, inhibición del desarrollo de la mez 25985 (USJ); 2 km al O de intersección lámina foliar. El himenio es escaso, con aflora­ de Carretera Interamerica Sur con camino a ción de basidios dispersos, sin formar una "fel­ San Gerardo de Dota, 2800 m, Prov. San José, pa" evidente o sustancial. Basidios mazudos, 19/12/1997, L. D. Gómez 25986; Sobre Coma­ 28 - 32 x 6 - 7 flm4-esterigmas, los esterigmas rostaphyloscostaricensis Small, (= A. arbutoi­ gruesos, digitiformes. Esporas de 6 - 12(13.5) des v. costaricensis (Small) Wilbur & Luteyn) x 2. 5 - 3.5(4) flm. Lasesporas son elipsoidales Antiguo cráter Reventado, Volcán lrazú, 2700 y redondeadas en los extremos, cuando madu­ m, Prov. Cartago, 20/12/1997, L. D. Gómez & ran tienden a aglutinarse en tetradas o triadas l. Chacón 25988 (USJ); loe. cit., Gómez & tanto en el basidio como aisladas de el y for­ Chacón 25989 (USJ); loe. cit., Gómez & Cha­ man artrosporas de paredes gruesas y bisepta­ cón 25991 (USJ); La Alejandrina, km 93 Ca­ das. El micelio intercelular es profusamente rretera Interam. Sur, Prov. San José, 2800 m, septado y los probasidios son globoso-pirifor­ 20/12/1997, L. D. Gómez 26004 (USJ). mes, de dimensiones diversas. El género Arctostaphylos Adans., es para­ Material estudiado: Costa Rica: En arbus­ sitado por Exobasidium uva-ursi (Maire) Juel tos de Arctostaphylos arbutoides ( Lindl.) (= E. karsteni Sacc. & Trott. f uva-ursi (Mai­ Hemsl., Restaurante Las Torres, CerroBuena­ re) Sacc. & Trott.) y por E. vaccini-uliginosi vista, 3000 m, Prov. San José, 19/12/1997,
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