1 Quest 1: Atlantic Creole Languages and Cultures Spring 2019 Time
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The House on Bayou Road: Atlantic Creole Networks in the Eighteenth
THE HOUSE ON BAYOU ROAD: ATLANTIC CREOLE NETWORKS IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND NINETEENTH CENTURIES1 [Forthcoming in Journal of American History 100:1 (June 2013) Do not quote without the author’s permission] In 1813, a free man of color living in New Orleans went to court to repossess a house on the edge of town he had sold two years before to a white man from Saint-Domingue. Despite being on opposite sides of a racial divide, both men and their families had much in common as “Atlantic creoles.” Let us consider the meaning of this expression. Ira Berlin’s work on “Atlantic creoles”2 is a powerful intervention because it begins by telling a familiar story and proceeds with a much less familiar one. The familiar story is that of Africans forcibly taken to America, stripped of their African identities, and developing a new creole or African-American culture that was the product of their experience as slaves working in the plantations. Important as this story is, it captures “only a portion of black life in colonial North America, and that imperfectly.”3 The story as usually told begins with an unadulterated “African” identity that was somehow erased or transformed by the experience of slavery and gave way to a creole identity that was a mix of various African, European, and Native American components. Inverting this story of origins, Berlin shows that the Africans of the charter generations were always already creole: their experiences and attitudes “were more akin to that 1 For their comments and suggestions, thanks to Christopher L. -
Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M
African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter Volume 11 Article 25 Issue 3 September 2008 9-1-2008 Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 Linda M. Heywood Boston University, [email protected] John K. Thornton Boston University, [email protected] John Roby Indiana University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/adan Recommended Citation Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K.; and Roby, John (2008) "Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660," African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter: Vol. 11 : Iss. 3 , Article 25. Available at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/adan/vol11/iss3/25 This Book Reviews is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Heywood et al.: Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Ame Book Review Linda M. Heywood and John K. Thornton. Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007. vii + 370 pp. $22.99 (paper), ISBN 0521779227. Reviewed for the African Diaspora Archaeology Newsletter by John Roby, Binghamton University (SUNY). In Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660 (2007), authors Linda M. Heywood and John K. Thornton offer -
Barthé, Darryl G. Jr.Pdf
A University of Sussex PhD thesis Available online via Sussex Research Online: http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/ This thesis is protected by copyright which belongs to the author. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the Author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the Author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Please visit Sussex Research Online for more information and further details Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. Doctorate of Philosophy in History University of Sussex Submitted May 2015 University of Sussex Darryl G. Barthé, Jr. (Doctorate of Philosophy in History) Becoming American in Creole New Orleans: Family, Community, Labor and Schooling, 1896-1949 Summary: The Louisiana Creole community in New Orleans went through profound changes in the first half of the 20th-century. This work examines Creole ethnic identity, focusing particularly on the transition from Creole to American. In "becoming American," Creoles adapted to a binary, racialized caste system prevalent in the Jim Crow American South (and transformed from a primarily Francophone/Creolophone community (where a tripartite although permissive caste system long existed) to a primarily Anglophone community (marked by stricter black-white binaries). These adaptations and transformations were facilitated through Creole participation in fraternal societies, the organized labor movement and public and parochial schools that provided English-only instruction. -
12 English Dialect Input to the Caribbean
12 English dialect input to the Caribbean 1 Introduction There is no doubt that in the settlement of the Caribbean area by English speakers and in the rise of varieties of English there, the question of regional British input is of central importance (Rickford 1986; Harris 1986). But equally the two other sources of specific features in anglophone varieties there, early creolisation and independent developments, have been given continued attention by scholars. Opinions are still divided on the relative weight to be accorded to these sources. The purpose of the present chapter is not to offer a description of forms of English in the Caribbean – as this would lie outside the competence of the present author, see Holm (1994) for a resum´ e–b´ ut rather to present the arguments for regional British English input as the historical source of salient features of Caribbean formsofEnglish and consider these arguments in the light of recent research into both English in this region and historical varieties in the British Isles. This is done while explicitly acknowledging the role of West African input to forms of English in this region. This case has been argued eloquently and well, since at least Alleyne (1980) whose views are shared by many creolists, e.g. John Rickford. But the aim of the present volume, and specifically of the present chapter, is to consider overseas varieties of English in the light of possible continuity of input formsofEnglish from the British Isles. This concern does not seek to downplay West African input and general processes of creolisation, which of course need to be specified in detail,1 butrather tries to put the case for English input and so complement other views already available in the field. -
Atlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 22
T HE WENNER-GREN SYMPOSIUM SERIES CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY A TLANTIC SLAVERY AND THE MAKING OF THE MODERN WORLD I BRAHIMA THIAW AND DEBORAH L. MACK, GUEST EDITORS A tlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World: Wenner-Gren Symposium Supplement 22 Atlantic Slavery and the Making of the Modern World: Experiences, Representations, and Legacies An Introduction to Supplement 22 Atlantic Slavery and the Rise of the Capitalist Global Economy V The Slavery Business and the Making of “Race” in Britain OLUME 61 and the Caribbean Archaeology under the Blinding Light of Race OCTOBER 2020 VOLUME SUPPLEMENT 61 22 From Country Marks to DNA Markers: The Genomic Turn S UPPLEMENT 22 in the Reconstruction of African Identities Diasporic Citizenship under Debate: Law, Body, and Soul Slavery, Anthropological Knowledge, and the Racialization of Africans Sovereignty after Slavery: Universal Liberty and the Practice of Authority in Postrevolutionary Haiti O CTOBER 2020 From the Transatlantic Slave Trade to Contemporary Ethnoracial Law in Multicultural Ecuador: The “Changing Same” of Anti-Black Racism as Revealed by Two Lawsuits Filed by Afrodescendants Serving Status on the Gambia River Before and After Abolition The Problem: Religion within the World of Slaves The Crying Child: On Colonial Archives, Digitization, and Ethics of Care in the Cultural Commons A “tone of voice peculiar to New-England”: Fugitive Slave Advertisements and the Heterogeneity of Enslaved People of African Descent in Eighteenth-Century Quebec Valongo: An Uncomfortable Legacy Raising -
Making Sense of "Bad English"
MAKING SENSE OF “BAD ENGLISH” Why is it that some ways of using English are considered “good” and others are considered “bad”? Why are certain forms of language termed elegant, eloquent, or refined, whereas others are deemed uneducated, coarse, or inappropriate? Making Sense of “Bad English” is an accessible introduction to attitudes and ideologies towards the use of English in different settings around the world. Outlining how perceptions about what constitutes “good” and “bad” English have been shaped, this book shows how these principles are based on social factors rather than linguistic issues and highlights some of the real-life consequences of these perceptions. Features include: • an overview of attitudes towards English and how they came about, as well as real-life consequences and benefits of using “bad” English; • explicit links between different English language systems, including child’s English, English as a lingua franca, African American English, Singlish, and New Delhi English; • examples taken from classic names in the field of sociolinguistics, including Labov, Trudgill, Baugh, and Lambert, as well as rising stars and more recent cutting-edge research; • links to relevant social parallels, including cultural outputs such as holiday myths, to help readers engage in a new way with the notion of Standard English; • supporting online material for students which features worksheets, links to audio and news files, further examples and discussion questions, and background on key issues from the book. Making Sense of “Bad English” provides an engaging and thought-provoking overview of this topic and is essential reading for any student studying sociolinguistics within a global setting. -
The Relationship of Nigerian English and Nigerian Pidgin in Nigeria: Evidence from Copula Constructions in Ice-Nigeria
journal of language contact 13 (2020) 351-388 brill.com/jlc The Relationship of Nigerian English and Nigerian Pidgin in Nigeria: Evidence from Copula Constructions in Ice-Nigeria Ogechi Florence Agbo Ph.D student, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany [email protected] Ingo Plag Professor of English Language and Linguistics Faculty of Arts and Humani- ties, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany [email protected] Abstract Deuber (2006) investigated variation in spoken Nigerian Pidgin data by educated speakers and found no evidence for a continuum of lects between Nigerian Pidgin and English. Many speakers, however, speak both languages, and both are in close contact with each other, which keeps the question of the nature of their relationship on the agenda. This paper investigates 67 conversations in Nigerian English by educated speakers as they occur in the International Corpus of English, Nigeria (ice-Nigeria, Wunder et al., 2010), using the variability in copula usage as a test bed. Implicational scaling, network analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis reveal that the use of vari- ants is not randomly distributed over speakers. Particular clusters of speakers use par- ticular constellations of variants. A qualitative investigation reveals this complex situ- ation as a continuum of style, with code-switching as one of the stylistic devices, motivated by such social factors as formality, setting, participants and interpersonal relationships. Keywords Nigerian Pidgin – Nigerian English – code-switching – style-shifting – implicational scaling – network analysis – cluster analysis © Ogechi Agbo and Ingo Plag, 2020 | doi:10.1163/19552629-bja10023 This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the prevailing cc-by-nc License at the time of Downloaded from Brill.com09/29/2021 10:21:27AM publication. -
Creole and Pidgin Languages
Author's personal copy Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This article was originally published in the International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier’s permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From Mufwene, S.S., 2015. Pidgin and Creole Languages. In: James D. Wright (editor-in-chief), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 2nd edition, Vol 18. Oxford: Elsevier. pp. 133–145. ISBN: 9780080970868 Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. unless otherwise stated. All rights reserved. Elsevier Author's personal copy Pidgin and Creole Languages Salikoko S Mufwene, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA Ó 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Abstract The study of creoles and pidgins has been marked by controversy about how they emerged, whether they can be identified by their structural features, and how they stand genetically in relation to their lexifiers. There have also been disagreements about what contact-induced varieties count as creoles, whether expanded pidgins should be lumped together with them, otherwise what distinguishes both kinds of vernaculars from each other, and how other contact-induced language varieties can be distinguished from all the above. -
Central African Identities and Religiosity in Colonial Minas Gerais 2012
Kalle Kananoja Central African Identities and Religiosity in Colonial Minas and Religiosity Identities African in Colonial Gerais Central Kalle Kananoja Central African Identities and Religiosity in Colonial Minas Gerais 2012 Åbo Akademi University | ISBN 978-952-93-0489-9 Central African Identities and Religiosity in Colonial Minas Gerais Kalle Kananoja Åbo Akademi University / 2012 © Kalle Kananoja Author’s address: Department of History Åbo Akademi University Fabriksgatan 2 FI-20500 Åbo Finland e-mail: [email protected] ISBN 978-952-93-0489-9 (paperback) ISBN 978-952-93-0490-5 (PDF) Printed by Uniprint, Turku Table of Contents Maps ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� i Acknowledgments ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������iii 1 Introduction ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 1.1 Main Issues and Aims of the Study ....................................................... 1 1.2 Overview of the Literature �������������������������������������������������������������������� 4 1.2.1 The Slave Trade between Angola and Brazil and its Cultural Implications ......................................................... 4 1.2.2 Africans and Their Descendants in Mineiro Society ..................... 8 1.3 African Identities in Colonial Brazil.....................................................11 1.4 Creolization and Syncretism in the Southern Atlantic -
Central West Africans in Diaspora
Linda Marinda Heywood, John Kelly Thornton. Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585-1660. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007. xiii + 370 pp. $22.99, paper, ISBN 978-0-521-77922-7. Reviewed by Gayle K. Brunelle Published on H-Atlantic (July, 2011) Commissioned by W. Douglas Catterall (Cameron University of Oklahoma) Linda M. Heywood and John K. Thornton frst ravaged by internal conflicts that the Portuguese conceived of writing Central Africans, Atlantic fomented and exploited wherever possible in or‐ Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, der to further their goal of creating a colony to 1585-1660 as a way to exploit newly available use as a secure base for exporting slaves and ac‐ data from the DuBois Institute and Cambridge cessing African mineral and agricultural wealth, University Press on the trade and transportation was also vibrant and culturally inventive, the of slaves. As they studied these sources, they real‐ very opposite of a “people without history.” ized that the information these databases con‐ African rulers were often at odds with the Por‐ tained provided important support for the theory tuguese, and increasingly so during the course of Ira Berlin developed in the mid-1990s that an “At‐ the seventeenth century as Portuguese rapacity lantic Creole” culture developed in West Central and territorial ambitions became clear, but just as Africa (the Portuguese colony of Angola, the king‐ often were allied with them and willing to sell dom of Kongo and, to a lesser extent, Ndongo, them slaves. At the same time, a Luso-African so‐ Matamba, and Loango).[1] In this region cultural ciety of Portuguese inhabiting Africa, and their of‐ contacts with the Portuguese dating from the mid- ten mulatto descendants further spread Por‐ fifteenth century led to cultural exchange and tuguese influence through their many interac‐ syncretism in which an Africanized form of tions with Africans, including acting as advisors Catholic Christianity became widespread. -
African Slaves Arrived in Iberia and the Atlantic Islands
Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Gilder Lehrman Center International Conference at Yale University Collective Degradation: Slavery and the Construction of Race November 7-8, 2003 Yale University New Haven, Connecticut Spanish and Portuguese Influences on Racial Slavery in British North America, 1492-1619 James H. Sweet, Florida International University Several years ago, I considered medieval and early-modern Iberian racial ideology as the subject of an article for William and Mary Quarterly, but almost immediately I left the topic behind in order to conduct research on the cultures of Africans in the early Portuguese colonial world. As I pondered how I could make a new contribution to the subject of racial degradation, I realized that I was well situated to write a “sequel” to my earlier work, one that would link Columbian-era racial discourse with English and North American ideas about race and slavery. In my earlier work, I suggested ways that Islamic ideas were passed on to the Spanish and Portuguese, concluding that many of the ideas that informed fifteenth-century Iberian society were already well formulated in the Islamic world. Here, I hope to show how Iberians completed the cycle, exchanging similar ideas about race and slavery with their English counterparts in the Atlantic world, ultimately creating broadly conceived “European” or 1 even “white” identities. By highlighting some of the Atlantic connections that forged racial slavery and degradation, I will try to steer the discussion away from English/North American exceptionalism toward what I feel is more accurately a European problem, writ large.1 Having said that, I should be clear from the outset that my paper is largely a response to the scholarship on slavery and race in British North America. -
The Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Creation of the English Weltanschauung, 1685-1710
The Transatlantic Slave Trade and the Creation of the English Weltanschauung, 1685-1710 James Buckwalter James Buckwalter, a member of Phi Alpha Theta, is a senior majoring in History with a Secondary Education Teaching Certificate from Tinley Park, Illinois. He wrote this paper for an independent study course with Dr. Key during the fall of 2008. At the turn of the-eighteenth century, the English public was confronted with numerous and conflicting interpretations of Africans, slavery, and the slave trade. On the one hand, there were texts that glorified the institution of slavery. Gabriel de Brémond’s The Happy Slave, which was translated and published in London in 1686, tells of a Roman, Count Alexander, who is captured off the coast of Tunis by “barbarians,” but is soon enlightened to the positive aspects of slavery, such as, being “lodged in a handsome apartment, where the Baffa’s Chyrurgions searched his Wounds: And…he soon found himself better.”58 On the other hand, Bartolomé de las Casas’ Popery truly display'd in its bloody colours (written in 1552, but was still being published in London in 1689), displays slavery in the most negative light. De las Casas chastises the Spaniards’ “bloody slaughter and destruction of men,” condemning how they “violently forced away Women and Children to make them slaves, and ill-treated them, consuming and wasting their food.”59 Moreover, Thomas Southerne’s adaptation of Aphra Behn’s Oroonoko in 1699 displays slavery in a contradictory light. Southerne condemns Oroonoko’s capture as a “tragedy,” but like Behn’s version, Oroonoko’s royalty complicates the matter, eventually causing the author to show sympathy for the enslaved African prince.