Texas Historical Commission staff (BTW), 9/28/2012 18” x 28” Official Historical Marker with post Travis County (Job #12TV06) Subject (Atlas) UTM: Location: 604 W 11th St., Austin Texas 78701

EDWARD CLARK HOUSE OUTBUILDING EDWARD CLARK (LT. GOVERNOR 1859- 1861; GOVERNOR 1861) PURCHASED FOUR LOTS, INCLUDING THIS PROPERTY, IN 1856. THIS BRICK STRUCTURE LIKELY SERVED AS AN OUTBUILDING, AND POSSIBLY AS SLAVE QUARTERS, DURING THE PERIOD CLARK LIVED IN THE ADJACENT HOME FROM 1856- 1867. THE LAYOUT OF THE HOME IS TYPICAL OF SLAVE QUARTERS FOR THE PERIOD AND COULD HAVE HOUSED THE TEN SLAVES CLARK OWNED. THE VERNACULAR, ONE- STORY LOAD-BEARING BRICK MASONRY BUILDING WAS CONSTRUCTED OF DOUBLE WYTHE, BUFF-COLORED AUSTIN COMMON BRICK. IN THE 1930s, ORIGINAL EXTERIOR FEATURES OF THE HOME WERE MODIFIED BY OWNER MAMIE HATZFELD. DESPITE THE CHANGES, IT IS A RARE SURVIVING EXAMPLE OF A PRE-CIVIL WAR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING.

RECORDED TEXAS HISTORIC LANDMARK – 2012 MARKER IS PROPERTY OF THE STATE OF TEXAS

RECORDED TEXAS HISTORIC LANDMARK MARKERS: 2012 Official Texas Historical Marker Sponsorship Application Form Valid September 1, 2011 to November 15, 2011 only

This form constitutes a public request for the Texas Historical Commission (THC) to consider approval of an Official Texas Historical Marker for the topic noted in this application. The THC will review the request and make its determination based on rules and procedures of the program. Filing of the application for sponsorship is for the purpose of providing basic information to be used in the evaluation process. The final determination of eligibility and therefore approval for a state marker will be made by the THC. This form is to be used for Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) requests only for buildings or structures. Please see separate forms for either Historic Texas Cemeteries or subject markers.

Proposed marker topic (THC will determine official title):

Edward Clark House Outbuilding and Possible Slave Quarters

County: Travis

Town (nearest county town on current state highway map): Austin

Street address of marker site or directions from town noted above: 604 West 11th Street

Marker Coordinates: If you know the location coordinates of the proposed marker site, enter them in one of the formats below: UTM Zone 14R Easting 620501.50 Northing 3349891.25 Lat: Long: (deg, min, sec or decimal degrees)

Otherwise, give a precise verbal description here (e.g. northwest corner of 3rd and Elm, or FM 1411, 2.6 miles east of McWhorter Creek):

NOTE: RTHL markers must be placed at the structure being marked.

RECORDED TEXAS HISTORIC LANDMARK MARKERS

Definition: Recorded Texas Historic Landmark (RTHL) markers are awarded to buildings and structures deemed worthy of preservation for their historical associations and architectural significance. RTHL is a legal designation and comes with a measure of protection; it is the highest honor the state can bestow on a historic building or structure, and the designation is required for this type of marker. The RTHL designation becomes effective upon approval by the THC. Official Texas Historical Markers signify the RTHL designation, which comes only through application to and approval by the THC and must include public display of an Official Texas Historical Marker. Owners of RTHL-designated properties must give the THC 60 days written notice before any alterations are made to the exterior of the structure. RTHL status is a permanent designation and is not to be removed from the property in the event of a transfer of ownership. Only the THC can remove the designation or recall the marker. The marker must remain with the structure and may not be removed or displayed elsewhere until or unless the THC gives express approval in writing for such action. Once designated as RTHL, properties are subject to provisions of Texas Government Code, Section 442.006(f).

Criteria: 1. Age: Properties eligible for the RTHL designation and marker must be at least 50 years old. 2. Historical significance: Architectural significance alone is not enough to qualify a property for RTHL designation. It must have a significant historical association, which can come from an event that occurred at the site; through individuals who owned or lived on the property; or, in the case of bridges, industrial plants, schoolhouses and other non-residential properties, through documented significance to the larger community. 3. Architectural significance: Properties deemed architecturally significant are outstanding examples of architectural history through design, materials, structural type or construction methods. In all cases, eligible architectural properties must display integrity; that is, the structure should be in a good state of repair, maintain its appearance from its period of significance and be considered an exemplary model of preservation. Architectural significance is often best determined by the relevance of the property to broader contexts, including geography. Any changes over the years should be compatible with original design and reflect compliance with accepted preservation practices, e.g., the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation. 4. Good state of repair: Structures not considered by the THC to be in a good state of repair are ineligible for RTHL designation. The THC reserves the sole right to make that determination relative to eligibility for RTHL markers.

SPECIAL CONSIDERATION FOR RTHL DOCUMENTATION:

National Register properties Properties individually listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NR) under either Criterion A or B and Criterion C (Architecture) may not require additional documentation of the building’s history or architecture. In such cases, only an RTHL application needs to be submitted. The THC has sole discretion to determine whether such documentation is satisfactory and correct or if documentation needs to be updated. Check this box if the property is individually listed in the NR. Year listed:

Courthouses Historic county courthouses with documented master plans accepted through the THC’s Texas Historic Courthouse Preservation Program (THCPP) may not require additional documentation of the building’s history or architecture. In such cases, only an RTHL application needs to be submitted. The THC has sole discretion to determine whether such documentation is satisfactory and correct or if documentation needs to be updated. Check this box if the property is a courthouse with a master plan accepted through the THC’s THCPP.

APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS Any individual, group or county historical commission (CHC) may apply to the THC to request an Official Texas Historical Marker for what it deems a worthy topic. Only complete marker applications that contain all the required elements can be accepted or processed by the THC (for RTHL markers, the required elements are: sponsorship application form; narrative history; documentation; legal description; site plan; floor plan; historic photograph; and current photographs clearly showing each side of the structure—please resize digital photographs to 1-2 MB, or approximately 1024 x 768 pixels). • Completed applications must be duly reviewed, verified and approved by the county historical commission (CHC) in the county in which the marker will be placed. Paper copies of applications, whether mailed or delivered, cannot be accepted in lieu of the electronic version. • The sponsorship application form, narrative history and documentation must be submitted as Microsoft Word or Word-compatible documents and sent via email attachments to the THC by no later than November 15, 2011. THC email accepts mail no larger than 10 MB. • Required font style and type size are a Times variant and 12-point. • Narrative histories must be typed in a double-spaced (or 1.5-spaced) format and include separate sections on context, overview and significance. • The narrative history must include documentation in the form of reference notes, which can be either footnotes or endnotes. Documentation associated with applications should be broad-based and demonstrate a survey of all available resources, both primary and secondary. • Upon notification of the successful preliminary review of required elements by the THC, a non-refundable application fee of $100 is required. Please send payment with the invoice which THC provides.

APPROVAL BY COUNTY HISTORICAL COMMISSION The duly appointed marker representative (chair or marker chair) noted below for the county historical commission will be the sole contact with the THC for this marker application. To ensure accuracy, consistency and efficiency, all information from and to the THC relative to the application, throughout the review and production processes, will be by direct communication with the CHC representative. All other inquiries (calls, emails, letters) to the THC will be referred to the CHC representative for response. By filling out the information below and filing the application with the THC, the CHC contact is notifying the THC that the application and documentation have been reviewed and verified by the CHC, and that the material meets all current requirements of the Official Texas Historical Marker program.

As chair or duly appointed marker chair, I certify the following: Representatives of the CHC have met or talked with the potential marker sponsor and discussed the marker program policies as outlined on the THC web site. CHC members have reviewed the history and documentation for accuracy and made corrections or notes as necessary. It is the determination of the CHC that the topic, history and documentation meet criteria for eligibility.

CHC comments or concerns about this application, if any:

Name of CHC contact (chair or marker chair): May Schmidt Mailing address:1104 Maufrais Street City, Zip: Austin, 78703 Daytime phone:(512) 478-4898 Email address: [email protected]

PERMISSION OF PROPERTY OWNER FOR MARKER PLACEMENT

Property owner: Theodore J. Siff

Address:604 West 11th Street City, state, zip:Austin, TX 78701-2007

Phone:512-657-5414 Email address: [email protected]

Legal Description of the property (metes and bounds, lot and block, etc.): LOT 2 BLOCK 131 ORIGINAL CITY

Upon receipt of the application, the THC will provide the owner with a letter that outlines the legal responsibility of ownership under the Recorded Texas Historic Landmark statute. The letter must be signed by the owner and returned to the THC before the evaluation can be completed.

NOTE: The property owner will not receive any additional copies of correspondence from the THC. All procedural correspondence (notice of receipt, request for additional information, inscription, shipping notice, etc.) will be sent by email to the CHC representative, who is encouraged to share the information with all interested parties as necessary.

SPONSORSHIP PAYMENT INFORMATION Prospective sponsors please note the following: • Payment must be received in full within 45 days of the official approval notice and must be accompanied by the THC payment form. The THC is unable to process partial payments or to delay payment due to processing procedures of the sponsor. Applications not paid in the time frame required may, at the sole discretion of the THC, be cancelled or postponed. • Payment relates to sponsorship of the marker in partnership with the THC, which provides the match for program costs. • Payment does not constitute ownership of a marker; Recorded Texas Historic Landmark markers and other Official Texas Historical Markers are the property of the State of Texas. • If, at any time during the marker process, sponsorship is withdrawn, a refund can be processed, but the THC will retain the application fee of $100. • The Official Texas Historical Marker Program provides no means of recognizing sponsors or property owners through marker text, incising or supplemental plaques.

Marker sponsor (may be individual or organization): Theodore J. Siff

Contact person (if applicable): Ted Siff

Mailing address:604 West 11th Street City, zip: Austin, 78701

Phone: 512-657-5414 Email address (required):[email protected]

SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS In order to facilitate marker delivery, residence addresses, post office box numbers and rural route numbers are not permitted. To avoid additional shipping charges or delays, use a business street address (open 8 a.m.—5 p.m., Monday through Friday). Name: Ted Siff, c/o Park Place Publications, LP

Street address:1601 Rio Grande Street City, zip: Austin, 78701

Daytime phone (required): 512-657-5414 Email (required): [email protected]

TYPE AND SIZE OF RECORDED TEXAS HISTORIC LANDMARK MARKERS As part of its review process, the THC will determine the appropriate size marker and provide options, if any, for the approved topic based on its own review criteria, including, but not exclusive of, historical significance, replication of information in other THC markers, relevance to the Statewide Preservation Plan and the amount of available documented information provided in the application narrative. In making its determination, however, the THC will also take into account the preference of the CHC, as noted below.

The sponsor/CHC prefers the following size marker: 27” x 42” RTHL marker with post ($1500) 27” X 42” RTHL marker without post* ($1500) 18” x 28” RTHL marker with post ($1000) 18” x 28” RTHL marker without post* ($1000) RTHL medallion and 16” x 12” plaque with post ($750) RTHL medallion and 16” x 12” plaque without post* ($750)

*For an RTHL marker without post, indicate to what surface material it will be mounted: wood masonry metal other (specify)

SUBMITTING THE APPLICATION (via email required) When the CHC has determined the application is complete, the history has been verified and the topic meets the requirements of the Official Texas Historical Marker Program, the materials should be forwarded to the THC by email at the following address: [email protected].

. The CHC or marker chair should send an email containing the following attachments (see attachment function under file menu or toolbox on your computer):

▫ This application form ▫ The narrative history (including documentation) ▫ Legal description of the property ▫ Detailed floor plan for each floor of the structure ▫ Detailed site plan of the property ▫ At least one historic photograph ▫ Current photographs clearly showing each side of the structure

RECORDS RETENTION BY CHC: The CHC must retain hard copies of the application as well as an online version, at least for the duration of the marker process. The THC is not responsible for lost applications, for incomplete applications or for applications not properly filed according to the program requirements. For additional information about any aspect of the Official Texas Historical Marker Program, see the Markers page on the THC web site (http://www.thc.state.tx.us/markerdesigs/madmark.html)

Texas Historical Commission History Programs Division P.O. Box 12276, Austin, TX 78711-2276 Phone 512/463-5853 [email protected] 1

Application for a Recorded Texas Historic Landmark Marker for the Edward Clark House Outbuilding and Possible Slave Quarters 604 West 11th Street, Austin, Texas Written by Martha Doty Freeman and Joe C. Freeman

I. CONTEXT The City of Austin was established by the Republic of Texas in 1839 to serve as the permanent seat of government. Surveyors soon laid out a site on 640 acres that lay between the Colorado River on the south, Waller Creek on the east, Shoal Creek on the west, and an area immediately north of a hill that was designated “Capitol Square.”1 The surveyors superimposed a 14-block-square grid on a rolling, hilly landscape and subdivided the blocks between Trinity Street and Guadalupe Street on the west into 12 lots within each block. Between Trinity and East Avenue on the east and Guadalupe and West Avenue on the west, lots were more generous in size, numbering 8 per block. The business of government brought early prosperity and population to the town, which had 856 residents by 1840 (including 145 slaves). But the community languished until it was officially designated the seat of government in 1846. Thereafter, the population grew to 854 by 1850 (including 225 slaves), and to 3,546 by 1860, at which time 35% of Austin’s families owned slaves (a total of 977 individuals living in 267 slave quarters).2 Congregations built churches, and residents built homes, most of them in proximity to the government’s buildings and Congress Avenue, the main commercial thoroughfare. Other families built homes to the west of downtown between West Avenue and Little Shoal Creek, which ran south in the vicinity of Nueces Street. It was during this pre-Civil War period of political and economic growth in Austin that 604 West 11th Street was constructed as part of a large four-lot estate owned by a prominent Texas political figure and slave owner, Edward Clark.

1 Creuzbauer, R. Plan of the City of Austin 1853. , Louisiana: J. Manouvrier. 2 Humphrey, David C. “Austin, Tx (Travis County),” Handbook of Texas Online (http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/hda03), accessed October 20, 2011. Published by the Texas State Historical Association. 1860 Texas Census, Slave Schedules, Travis County. Microfilm at the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin. 2

II. OVERVIEW The Edward Clark House Outbuilding and Possible Slave Quarters at 604 West 11th Street in Austin, Texas, is a one-story brick building that is located on the eastern edge of lot 2, Block 131. Lot 2 and the adjoining lot 1 to the west were empty of improvements on August 2, 1854, when they were patented by the State of Texas to John Horan, a resident of Austin between 1840 and 1869. Horan sold the lots to Edward Clark on October 1, 1856, for $300.00, a price that suggests that Horan had not made improvements to the property by that date.3 On the same day Clark bought lots 1 and 2 from John Horan, he also bought lots 3 and 4 to the east from Abner Cook, one of Austin’s foremost builders.4 The price Clark paid for lots 3 and 4 ($1,100.00) clearly indicates that improvements existed on the property prior to October 1856. The improvements likely were comprised of a residence constructed by original assignee Louis Beardsley in 1854-1855 and located at what is now 602 West 11th Street east of the present-day Edward Clark House Outbuilding.5 They may have included outbuildings. Edward Clark, who lived in the Beardsley House (on lot 3) and owned lots 1-4, Block 131, from 1856 to 1867, was a notable Austin resident who served as a member of the Convention of 1845, a member of the first House of Representatives, and a senator in the Second Legislature. From 1853 to 1857, he was secretary of state under Governor Elisha M. Pease. In 1859, he was elected lieutenant governor on an independent ticket with gubernatorial candidate . When Houston stepped down from office in 1861, Clark was appointed to the governorship, a position he held for a few months before being defeated by .6 The brick structure at 604 West 11th Street originally functioned as an outbuilding to the residence at 602 West 11th Street, so there is no concrete evidence that it was

3 Deed records, V. K, p. 754, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin. 4 Deed records, V. K, p. 755, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin. 5 Deed records, V. I, p. 357, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin; Travis County Assessors’ Abstracts, 1854, Office of the State Comptroller, microfilm at the Texas State Library and Archives Commission, Austin. The Beardsley House was demolished in the early twentieth century and replaced by a two-story brick residence. 6 Daniell, L. E., compiler. Personnel of the Texas State Government. Austin, Texas: Press of the City Publishing Company, 1887. p. 38; Kittrell, Norman G. Governors Who Have Been, and Other Public Men of Texas. Houston, Texas: Dealy-Adey-Elgin Co. Publishers, 1921. p. 31. 3

constructed by Edward Clark. However, assessors’ abstracts for 1858 to 1860 document a major increase in valuation on Clark’s property (lots 1-4) of 78.6% ($1,400 in 1858 to $2,500 in 1860). Furthermore, the type and size of brick used in the construction of the building at 604 West 11th Street indicate a construction date prior to 1870. Measuring 2 x 4 x 8 inches, each brick unit displays a large frog, or flat depression, which characterized early Austin common brick. Brick makers operating in Austin during the time when 604 West 11th Street might have been constructed included D. L. Cross & Company, Abner Cook, and perhaps Francis Kelly.7 Kelly’s widow later acquired lots 2-4, Block 131, and lived at 602 West 11th Street. As originally constructed, 604 West 11th Street was a vernacular, one-story, load- bearing brick masonry building set back from the street and framed by large live oak trees. It was constructed of double wythe, buff-colored Austin common brick laid in a running bond pattern with headers every eighth course. The brick was set in a lime-sand mortar, and the interior walls may have been plastered. The building was divided into two unequally sized rooms by a double fireplace that was flanked by doors. A chimney that extended above the division wall and through the roof at the ridge was oversized, reflecting the requirements of the doubled fireplace. A gable roof, originally covered in wood shingles, ran parallel with the length of the building. It extended over the exterior wall plane to form boxed eaves. The roof structure was composed of 2x10 full-dimension ceiling joists that supported wood rafters that rose and met in butted joints at the ridge. On the interior of the building, the ceiling joists were exposed and supported a 1x6 wood deck. Boxing between the joists at the exterior walls were covered with boards that followed the line of the roof. The permanent construction of the building, its proximity to the main house on lot 3 to the east, and the fact that Edward Clark owned between 8 Negroes worth $5,600 in 1857-1858 and 10 Negroes worth $5,000 in 18648 raises the possibility that 604 West 11th Street originally functioned as quarters for slaves. Indeed, the slave census for 1860

7 Cross, D. L. & Co. (Brick). Pease-Graham-Niles Papers, 1859-1862. Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Austin, Texas; Harris, August Watkins. 1873 The Elgin Butler Brick Company 1963. Austin, Texas: Von Boeckmann-Jones Co., 1963. p. 6. 8 Travis County Assessors Abstracts, 1857-1864. 4

recorded Clark’s ownership of 9 slaves (four males aged 42, 10, 4, and 2; and five females aged 26, 24, 20, 18, and 6). More importantly for the identification of 604 West 11th Street, the census recorded the presence of three slave houses on Clark’s property.9 The 1850s-1860s configuration of 604 West 11th Street—two rooms divided by a common wall with fireplaces serving both rooms, and each room having a separate entrance to the outside as well as interior doors flanking the fireplaces—was a common one throughout the American South on both rural plantations and in urban settings such as Austin. John Vlach noted that, while some quarters were only one room, “[t]he most common type of. . . quarter during the late antebellum period was a two room structure that usually had its fireplace and chimney centrally located between the two rooms. This ‘saddlebag’ configuration was common all across the South. . . .” Another two-room version of quarters was the hall-and-parlor type, which consisted of two rooms, one of which was slightly larger than the other and each of which had “specialized functions.” Vlach noted the fact that “two separate slave families were likely to be housed in these double-pen buildings is indicated by the presence of two front doors, one for each half of the house.”10 Quarters such as those Vlach described were constructed of a variety of materials, including logs, lumber, stone, and brick. In Texas, examples of the saddle bag type of quarters were located on the Beauregard Ranch in Wilson County and Robertson Plantation in Bell County (both constructed of stone).11 Though only an archeological site in 2011, the excavated foundations of a pre-Civil War brick slave quarters at Patton Place (now Varner-Hogg Plantation State Historic Site) in Brazoria County delineate a two-room configuration with shared double interior fireplaces flanked by doors that is nearly identical to the plan of 604 West 11th Street.12 Edward Clark owned lots 1-4, Block 131, until 1867, when he moved to Marshall. On February 9, he sold the lots to T. B. Wheeler,13 Travis County attorney and later

9 1860 Texas Census, Slave Schedules, Travis County. 10 Vlach, John Michael. Back of the Big House: The Architecture of Plantation Slavery. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993. pp. 22, 158 11 Vlach, pp. 22, 26-28, 31, 155, 157-160, 176-177, 180-181, 199, 225. 12 http://www.visitvarnerhoggplantation.com (accessed October 18, 2011). 13 Deed records V. Q, p. 725, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin. 5

mayor of Austin.14 Wheeler held the property for only one year, after which he sold lots 2-4, together with all buildings and other improvements, to Mrs. Mary A. Kelly for $900 cash and 640 acres in San Saba County.15 The inclusion of lots 2-4 in the transaction as well as the amount of the consideration suggest that there were improvements on lot 2 (604 West 11th Street) that were associated with the main residence on lot 3 (602 West 11th Street). Mary Ann Cempny Kelly was the widow of brick maker and real estate entrepreneur Francis Kelly. Francis Kelly had been born in 1817 in County Cork, Ireland, and was a property owner in Travis County by August 1840. On June 7, 1848, Francis married Mary Ann, who had been born in 1832 at Frankfort-on-Main, Germany, and immigrated to Texas in 1845 as a member of a colony that settled near LaGrange. After their marriage, the Kellys settled about one mile south of the present Austin Dam near the Colorado River bank where Francis manufactured brick.16 In 1855, the Kellys resettled on lot 3, Block 56, between San Jacinto and Trinity streets; five years later, on January 2, 1860, Francis died.17 Mary and her four children— William T., John, Mary Jane, and Emma—continued to live on Congress Avenue until 1869, when the Colorado River flooded downtown. They moved north of downtown temporarily and then resettled permanently on lots 2-4, Block 131 in about 1873.18 An Augustus Koch birds eye view published in 1873 showed a small building on lot 2 (now 604 West 11th Street) in close proximity to a one-story house that was located on lot 3 (602 West 11th Street) and oriented to Nueces Street.19 The building at 604 West 11th Street had a gable roof, two doors facing on West 11th, and a window on the west façade. Mary Kelly continued to live at 602 West 11th Street to which she made several additions sometime between 1873 and 1887.20 At her death on November 19, 1910, she still owned lots 2-4, Block 131, which then were divided among three of her four heirs.

14 Daniell, pp. 15-18. 15 Deed records V. R, p. 223). 16Harris 1963, p. 6; Marriage Records V. 1, p. , Office of the Travis County Clerk. 17 Harris 1963, p. 7; Deed Records V. 255, p. 623, Office of the Travis County Clerk; Probate File No. 272, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin. 18 Harris 1963, pp. 7-8. 19 Koch, Augustus. Bird’s Eye View of the City of Austin, Travis County Texas, 1873. Copy in the collections of the Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Austin, Texas. 20 Koch, Augustus. Austin, State Capital of Texas. [1887]. Copy in the collections of the Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Austin, Texas. 6

Her house on lot 3 went to her daughter, Emma L. Hillebrand, widow of Austin businessman Lewis R. Hillebrand. Mary Kelly’s son, John W. Kelly, received lot 4. Lot 2, on which 604 West 11th Street was located, went to son William. Daughter Mary Jane, who had married brick manufacturer Michael Butler, received some money.21 City directories indicate that William Kelly, who had served as a Texas Ranger in Captain James J. Swisher’s company from September 6, 1870, to February 6, 1871,22 lived at 604 West 11th Street in 1910-1911. He then vacated the property for several years, when he lived at the State School for the Blind; he worked there as a carpenter and painter. He may have moved back to 604 West 11th Street during World War I, when a young neighbor, Mildred Pickle (later Mayhall), wrote about the man she called “Uncle William” and his house. She described 604 West 11th as being far back on the lot from the street entrance [and consisting of] one room and a storage room in a small rock [sic] and brick building.23 The house had no porch. Each room had one door that opened on a rock step. The lot was fenced and he and his old white horse shared his lot. Far back on the alley line of the lot was an old barn. Under its shed a wagon rested each night and on Sundays and holidays. Early each day, Uncle William hitched up the old white horse to the wagon and drove out the double gate opening on the alley for the day’s work.24

Kelly was listed as a resident of 604 West 11th Street between 1927 and 1931, but it is unlikely that he adapted the brick building for residential use to any great extent. Instead, his occupancy represented a sort of watershed in the history of the building: its former use as an outbuilding to the main residence at 602 West 11th Street was still clear, but its future use as a home was apparent as well. As Mayhall wrote, Kelly “kept the

21 Probate file No. 3494, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin. 22 Stephens, Robert W., abstractor. Texas Ranger Indian War Pensions. Quanah, Texas: Nortex Press, 1975. pp. 55-56. 23 Kelly’s house was constructed entirely of brick. Mayhall’s mention of rock may refer to the rock wall that appears to have been added to the exterior base of the house on the east side. She also referred to a well that was located at the front of the house. 24 Mayhall, Mildred P. Easter for Uncle William. Undated typescript in the collections of the Austin History Center, Austin Public Library, Austin, Texas. 7

horse’s feed sacks of oats and bran, along with bales of hay, in the storage room next to his room.”25 William Kelly died on June 9, 1932, and possession of lot 2, Block 131 (604 West 11th Street), passed to his niece, Mamie Hillebrand Hatzfeld,26 who owned and continued to live in 602 West 11th Street while renting 604 West 11th Street to a succession of individuals and small families. Hatzfeld then made a number of substantial changes to the house. She built a shed-roofed addition along the east end of the north exterior wall that included a small kitchen and a bathroom and was completed by 1935.27 The construction and detailing of the addition appears to have been contemporaneous with alterations to the West 11th Street façade of the house. These alterations included the replacement of the exterior door to the east room with doubled casement windows, reconfiguration of the rectangular masonry opening to the west room from a flat to a curved arch, and installation of ornamental window grilles. A wood slab door at the entrance to the west room was Craftsman in stylistic influence and included ornamental strap hinges of iron reportedly fabricated by the Weigl Iron Works. On the east façade, an original centered window appears to have been shortened at the bottom by the addition of several courses of brick. Extension of the brick along the length of the east façade suggests that the low stone wall abutting it may have been added, as well. Hatzfeld also may have replaced the original floor with oak strips. She treated the central fireplace in the west room formally, installing an oversized mantel, screen, and hearth; the hearth was covered with 6x6 quarry tile. Interior door and window openings were faced in darkly stained wood, and interior doors were similarly stained wood panel units. Hatzfeld also appears to have modified several site features. She may have converted the well observed by Mildred Pickle Mayhall into a “wishing well”28 that was comprised of a circular limestone block wall 5’-4” in diameter and 1’-11” high. In 2011, the wall surrounded the well opening and was surmounted by a gable-roofed cover. The cover was supported by cedar posts, one of which appeared to have been salvaged and

25 Mayhall, n.d., p. 2. 26 Probate file No. 7733, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin, Texas. 27 Sanborn Maps, City of Austin, 1935. By this date, Hatzfeld also had demolished the Clark-Kelly House at 602 West 11th Street and replaced it with the two-story brick residence located on the property in 2011. 28 Although a well existed at the front of the property prior to 1935, according to Mildred Pickle Mayhall, it was not designated on a Sanborn map until after that date, when it appeared on a map revised to 1971. Sanborn Maps, City of Austin, 1935, revised to 1971, Volume 1 8

reused. The well opening was covered with wood planks, and well pulley hung from a cross beam.29 Other notable site features included a flagstone walk that extended from a sidewalk near the street. A flagstone patio extended along the south front of the house and included a section of light red, 12”-square concrete pavers at the main entrance door. Low stone and concrete walls extended along a gravel driveway and the east property line. Landmark oaks framed the house, while a row of regularly spaced, large cedar trees ran along West 11th Street and extended in front of the property immediately to the east, delineating the extent of the property historically owned by the Hatzfeld family. Informally arranged landscaping features included ornamental plants, ground cover, and grass. Mamie Hatzfeld’s pre-1935 modifications to 604 West 11th Street created a small but comfortable home, and she moved into it in 1964. At that time, she constructed a brick addition with a concrete floor on the west side of the original brick structure.30 The ceiling in the addition replicated the ceiling of the original structure, with the exception of the ceiling joists, which were dimensional, and the ceiling deck, which was 1x6 centermatch decking. Hatzfeld lived at 604 West 11th Street until she died on January 17, 1968.31 One month later, on February 15, 1968, the estate’s independent executrix, Margaret Macken, deeded lot 2, Block 131, to the Priests of Holy Cross District of Texas, Inc.32 The Fathers held the property, in turn, until July 28, 1978, when they disposed of it by sale to the present owner, Theodore Siff.33 Siff, who applied for and received designation of his home as a City of Austin Landmark in 1993, made the property his residence. In 2004, he constructed a large, two-story frame addition to the building to accommodate his wife and two daughters. This addition extends to the north from the west addition on the west end of the original structure and is contemporary in design.

29 The well had assumed its 2011 appearance prior to 1973, when the current owner rented and occupied 604 West 11th Street. Telephone interview with Theodore Siff by Martha Doty Freeman, October 26, 2011. 30 Floor plan of 604 West 11th Street, Austin, Texas. Copy in possession of Theodore Siff, Austin, Texas. 31 Probate file No. 30,499, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin, Texas. 32 Deed Records V. 3425, p. 946, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin, Texas. 33 Deed Records V. 6256, p. 1034, Office of the Travis County Clerk, Austin, Texas. 9

III. SIGNIFICANCE 604 West 11th Street is a rare surviving example of a pre-Civil War residential building within the original City of Austin as laid out in 1839. Constructed of Austin common brick, the building was associated with Edward Clark, a prominent politician who served in the Convention of 1845, and was a state representative, lieutenant governor and, briefly, governor. Clark’s ownership of 8 to 10 slaves during the time he occupied 602 West 11th Street; existence of three slave quarters on lots 1-4, Block 131, in 1860; and distinctive “saddlebag” configuration of 604 West 11th Street strongly suggest that the building may have served as a slave quarters. While such quarters once were widespread in Austin (there were more than 250 in the city in 1860), none is known to be in existence in 2011. Alterations to the building made in the 1930s are numerous and notable. However, none of them obscures the building materials, pre-Civil War floor plan, and overall configuration that identify the original use of the building.