of the George Washington LIGHT Masonic National Memorial

™

alexandria, virginia · volume 21 · number 2 · 2015 · This issue of LIGHT is sponsored by the

Board of Directors Holds Semi-Annual Meeting President’s message he Board of Directors of The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Asso- Sharing Our Light ciation met at the Memorial for a Semi-Annual Meeting on August 21–22, 2015. The T by Ridgely H. Gilmour Board received reports from the Memorial Staff covering the projects, programs and exhi- bitions underway at the Memorial. The major restoration projects are the Tower Exterior hose of you Restoration, the South Lodge Room, and the East Stairwells. Another major project is the T who have installation of an emergency generator. When the installation is complete, the generator visited the Me- will have the capacity to handle the requirements of the entire building, including the ele- morial in the last vators. Planning this project began two years ago and the generator will be functional this two years will autumn. The Board affirmed its commitment to the restoration, upgrading and continu- have noticed the ing maintenance of the Memorial. scaffolding placed around the upper The Board received a report from the Memorial’s investment managers and a report portion of the tower. It’s obvious on the operating budget of the Memorial. The Board addressed the need to generate that restoration work is being done, additional income to continue the restoration of the Memorial, fund its operations and but I thought you would be inter- provide educational programs for our members and the public within the guidelines of ested in hearing some details on the our Strategic Plan and our Mission. work. The forces of nature and time Under the leadership of President Gilmour, a major focus of the Board Meeting was itself over the last ninety-plus years the establishment of two task forces. One to address increasing funding for the Memorial have deteriorated the grouting and Association and one to develop an effective outreach program with an emphasis on educa- even moved some of the massive tion and our Ambassadors. granite blocks by small but notice- able increments. Over the years, some repairs, although done with the best intentions, have created serious problems. Modern caulking, for instance, was used many years ago to seal the deteriorated mor- tar joints, not knowing that in a relatively short time, it would dete- riorate and instead of keeping the moisture out, would sometimes have the reverse effect of sealing the moisture inside the joints. The Memorial Association manage- ment, using operative masons of great skill, is regrouting the struc- ture using proper materials and techniques so that the building will stand tall for another 100 years. CONTINUED ON PAGE 2 The current Board of Directors of The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association.

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 1 PRESIDENT’S MESSAGE, CONTINUED With operative masons work- ing on the structure, the Memorial The Association Welcomes New Board Members Association’s speculative Masons are even new Board Members were elected and one Officer was re-elected at the Memorial working just as hard to implement S Association’s Annual Meeting held in Vancouver, British Columbia, in February. our mission to inspire and edu- These Brethren will serve until February 22, 2018. cate humanity about the character and virtues of George Washington. This singular individual, with such strength of character and willing- ness to work for the common good, and whose deeds and actions left us with such an incredible heri- tage, becomes the representation of Masonry in action. The man becomes the message. The for- ward-thinking Masons and Grand Lodges who spearheaded the devel- Orville R. Armstrong Philip G. Buchholz John M. Chambliss, Jr. opment of the Memorial a century Past Grand Master Past Grand Master Past Grand Master ago knew this. In our ever-chang- Tennessee Wyoming Virginia ing society, it is our hope and prayer thate w will never forget this. That is the mission of the GWMNMA, and it is a mission we take very seriously. You too, can be a part of this mis- sion. The Association has several programs that you can become part of to help with funding this import- ant work. One very rewarding program that I call your attention to is the George Washington Memorial Soci- Richard J. Elman Mansour Hatefi Douglas W. McDonald, Sr. ety. For a joining fee of $1000 and a Past Grand Master Past Grand Master Past Grand Master yearly donation of $250, you can be Indiana District of Columbia Georgia part of a group of individuals who understand the importance of the mission and also enjoy being contin- ually involved in the organization. For the men and women who belong to this dedicated group, there is a feeling of being involved in something greater than yourself— of being involved in something very worthwhile and necessary for the good of humanity. Their ongoing, annual commitment to support our Thomas K. Sturgeon J.F. “Jeff” Webb work helps us share our Light with Past Grand Master Past Grand Master all those who visit the Memorial Pennsylvania Louisiana daily. To them, and to all of our sup- porters, I express my thanks.

2 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 Message from Alexandria The Importance of Restoration by George D. Seghers

he view from the top of the Memorial As we move down from level to level, we will be installing T never fails to amaze and inspire me. The new exterior LED lighting fixtures which will enable us to high- Washington Monument and our Nation’s light the wonderful architectural features of the Memorial. Capital are to me dramatic visible reminders We are also restoring the Memorial’s interior. The southeast of George Washington and what he accom- stairwell and the South Lodge Room and Ante Rooms were just plished and also how much we are indebted completed. Grand Masonic Hall, the North Lodge Room and to him. Washington did more, gave more, and sacrificed more the northeast stairwell are the next areas that will be restored. for the creation of this great nation than anyone. We should Access ramps have been installed throughout the public areas never forget that he risked all—his fortune, his future, his fam- of the Memorial to provide access for all of our guests. ily and his life—so that we may life in the greatest, most secure Restoring the Memorial is a challenging and a rewarding and surely the most free nation in the history of mankind. experience. Just as Masonry teaches us to improve ourselves Under the guidance and direction of the Officers and the daily, we are striving to improve the Memorial daily, to make Board of Directors the restoration of the Memorial continues visiting the the Memorial a pleasant, enjoyable, educational and will continue for the next few years. Last year at this time, and inspiring experience. The work that is being done here is the Tower Pyramid was covered with scaffolding. Now, the only possible with your support and involvement. The Free- seventh through the ninth levels of the Memorial are encased masons and Friends of the Memorial built the Memorial in scaffolding as we continue the arduous and necessary pro- eighty-three years ago, the Freemasons and Friends of the cess of restoration. We will continue to work our way down the Memorial are now returning the Memorial to the condition Memorial: sealing, restoring and cleaning. it was when dedicated in 1932 as a symbol of the admiration The beauty and magnitude of the exterior stone work is and respect that the Freemasons of America had and have for absolutely astounding when seen up close. The attention to George Washington. Thank you for your continued support of detail and the craftsmanship is truly something to behold. our work.

High on a scaffold on the eastern face of the Eighth Floor (Templar Chapel), workers carefully remortar the Corinthian pilasters.

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 3 Guests enjoy refreshments and fellowship at the reception in Memorial Hall during the The George Washington Symposium is held in the Memorial’s beautiful North Lodge 2015 George Washington’s Birthday Gala at the George Washington Masonic National Room. Each year, notable speakers present fascinating perspectives on the life and impact Memorial. Entertainment and a banquet complete the formal event, held annually. of George Washington. The event is free and open to the public. Plan Now to Attend Our 2016 Scholars to Speak at the 2016 Washington’s Birthday Celebration George Washington Symposium ach year, Freemasons, their friends and families gather at the ach year, leading scholars of the life and era of George Wash- E George Washington Masonic National Memorial to honor E ington are invited to the Memorial to share their insights. the life of Brother Washington on the anniversary of his birth. A The theme of next year’s George Washington Symposium is special event this year will be tied in to our recent designation as a “From Relics to Repositories: Preserving George Washington’s National Historic Landmark (see page 11 for more information). Legacy Yesterday and Today.” Three speakers are scheduled for the 2016 Symposium. Carol Monday, February 22 Borchert Cadou is the Senior Vice President for Historic Pres- • Wreath Laying at the Tomb of Brother Washington, ervation & Collections at George Washington’s Mount Vernon. Alexandria-Washington Lodge No 22, - Martha Custis Peter is a sixth-generation granddaughter of at Mount Vernon, 8 a.m. Martha Washington. Timothy K. Winkle is the Archivist of • National Historic Landmark Unveiling Ceremony, Alexandria-Washington Lodge No- 22, and Curator at the Smith- outside the Memorial’s entrance, 10:00 a.m. sonian’s National Museum of American History. • —North Lodge Room, George Washington Symposium The George Washington Symposium is held annually on 1:00 p.m. (see story below for details) Washington’s Birthday to provide the public with enlightening • —Memorial Hall, 5:30 p.m. Reception contemporary research on the life of George Washington. Mark • —Memorial Theater, 6:45 p.m. Entertainment Tabbert, the Memorial’s Director of Collections, serves as the • —Grand Masonic Hall, 7:30 p.m. Banquet Symposium’s Master of Ceremonies. Admission is free. Attendees • Presentation of the George Washington Memorial Award— are asked to preregister at http://gwmemorial.org. Grand Masonic Hall, 9:00 p.m.

Tickets for the Monday evening black-tie events are $125, and may be purchased on our website, http://gwmemorial.org. Limited seating is available. For more information, contact Shawn Eyer, Director of Communications, via e-mail at [email protected].

4 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 The Memorial Temple: The Designer and the Design, 1920–1921 by Mark A. Tabbert

n a cool October morning in 1921, New York architects on many buildings in Brooklyn and Manhattan. His reputation O Frank J. Helmle and Harvey Wiley Corbett traveled to Alex- for designing fireproof, multistory buildings may be why he and andria, Virginia, to meet members of the George Washington Corbett were so highly recommended to Louis Watres. Masonic National Memorial Association. After greeting them at Although both Helmle and Corbett worked on the Memorial’s Union Station, the railway stop at King Street, Memorial Presi- plans, the overall design was Corbett’s vision. Corbett (1873–1954) dent Louis A. Watres and Charles Callahan led the way to nearby was a native Californian who graduated from the University of Shuters Hill. As they walked up the grassy slope, Waters and Cal- and from the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 1900, he lahan expressed their vision for a great stone Masonic memorial began his career working for Cass Gilbert (1859–1934), who had temple dedicated to George Washington. Watres, a Past Grand designed the Minnesota State Capitol (1895) and would design Master of Pennsylvania, and Callahan, then Grand Senior War- New York’s Woolworth Building (1913). Corbett’s first major den of the , peppered their conversation commission was the Springfield Municipal Group in Springfield, with many symbolic ideas that must have been new to the two Massachusetts, in 1913 (see page 6 of the last issue of LIGHT). By architects, who were not Freemasons. The conversation must have 1920, he had partnered with Helmle and had built the Bush Ter- changed to patriotic sentiments when they reached the summit. minal Co. buildings in New York and London. There, they beheld the Potomac River Valley stretching from the obelisk of the Washington Monument in the north, to nearby church spires of Alexandria, and then downstream toward Wash- ington’s Mount Vernon in the south. Descending the hill, they next visited Alexandria-Washing- ton Lodge No- 22’s apartments and museum on the second floor of City Hall. They viewed many valuable Washington artifacts, including the silver trowel used at the 1793 cornerstone ceremony for the United States Capitol. After an enjoyable lunch, Helmle and Corbett caught an afternoon train home. Along the way, Cor- bett made his first sketch of the memorial temple (see page 6 of the last issue for an image of this drawing). Back at their offices, they quickly developed the sketch into design drawings. A few days later, at the October 29th meeting of the Memorial Associa- tion’s Executive Committee, they presented their design. That meeting was held in Helmle & Corbett’s offices in the Bush Terminal Sales Building in Brooklyn, which Corbett had recently designed (see the illustration on page 6). There, Louis Watres, William S. Farmer (New York), Melvin M. Johnson (Mas- sachusetts) and J. Claude Keiper (D.C.) officially approved the proposed “memorial temple plans” as a “general scheme.” The committee also requested that detailed plans and costs be submit- ted at its November meeting. They also secured S. Eugene Osgood of Grand Rapids, Michigan—who, with his father, had designed more than a dozen Masonic temples—as a consulting architect.

Building a Partnership Helmle’s and Corbett’s partnership began in 1912. Frank J. Helmle (1869–1939) was born in Marietta, Ohio, and studied at Cooper Union and the School of Fine Arts of the Brooklyn Museum. In A native of San Francisco, Harvey Wiley Corbett was a visionary American architect 1891, after briefly working for McKim, Mead & White, he opened who trained in the Beaux Arts tradition and later became one of the leading designers of his own studio. Partnering with other architects, Helmle worked Modernist skyscrapers.

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 5 This early postcard illustrates Corbett’s early concept of the Memorial, featuring a shorter tower with a gabled roof. The Bush Terminal (1916–1918), designed by Corbett.

After finishing the design for the George Washington Masonic The Memorial’s broad base, or podium, had at its center a por- National Memorial, Corbett would initially assist designing tico in the Doric order inspired by the Parthenon of Athens. As at 30 Rockefeller Center before concentrating on the Metropolitan the Acropolis, to reach the temple visitors would ascend several Life North Building in lower Manhattan. Originally designed flights of stairs. After passing through great bronze doors, they to be a 100-story skyscraper, the onset of the Great Depres- would enter Memorial Hall and encounter a colossal statue of sion caused it to be downscaled to 32 floors. Also in the 1930s, George Washington. The total cost to erect the Memorial was esti- he designed the New York City Criminal Courts Building and mated at $5 million ($67 million in 2015 dollars). chaired the architecture committees for both the 1933 Chicago Although the executive committee approved the design, and 1939 New York World’s Fairs. Eugene Osgood expressed concerns and made several recommen- Corbett’s work is still greatly admired. He is remembered for dations to reduce the size and overall cost of the construction. him many step-back skyscrapers. His modernist aesthetic has Between the November meeting and February 1922, Helmle and influenced generations of urban planners, and his futuristic visions Corbett met with Osgood and Keiper, the Association’s Secretary/ continue to inspire science fiction writers and movie set designers. Treasurer, to refine the design and reduce the budget. During this period, Corbett was initiated, passed, and raised a Master Mason A Lighthouse Takes Shape in Sagamore Lodge No- 371, New York City. On November 26th 1921, the Memorial Association’s executive committee re-convened at Helmle & Corbett’s office. Consulting Planning the Interior architect S. Eugene Osgood also attended. Together, Helmle and But it would not be the external design alone that would recom- Corbett presented detailed drawings and a scale model of their mend the Memorial for approval. From December 1921 to January George Washington Memorial Temple. The design incorporated 1922, Corbett laid out the internal floor plans. The Memorial elements of different classical buildings, but its basic shape was Hall would be supported by eight Composite columns and con- that of a lighthouse, as is fitting for a monumental structure in a tain a thirty foot high niche for the Washington statue. Near port city named Alexandria. Corbett did not, however, follow the the entrance would be Alexandria-Washington’s Replica Lodge design of the ancient Egyptian lighthouse. Instead, he modeled Room, a space to permanently display many priceless Washington the three-step tower on the ancient lighthouse of Ostia, the port artifacts owned by the lodge. of Rome. Each step of the tower created a smaller temple, with the He placed Masonic lodge rooms to the north and south of top ending with a gabled roof. The three temples would employ Memorial Hall. The south would be for the exclusive use of different architectural orders: climbing up from Doric to Ionic to Alexandria-Washington Lodge No- 22, and the north would be Corinthian. available to all area and visiting . The ground floor

6 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 Map image courtesy of Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps — www.RareMaps.com

A drawing that Corbett presented during the 1922 meeting of the Memorial Association. Detail of a 1575 map of Ostia by Antonio Lafreri, depicting the ancient lighthouse. was planned for administrative offices and a large reception hall hood of and the Brotherhood of Man. supported by massive solid granite Tuscan columns. A Roman- As it shall rise above its beautiful environment on King’s High- style theater, two stories in height, would be built to the west. way and in plain sight of the Nation’s Capital, it will eloquently The tower floors presented many design challenges. The first speak of the fundamental principles of our fraternity, princi- issue to solve was the construction method. Helmle’s expertise ples upon which our government is founded—Liberty, Justice, allowed the building to be composed of steel-reinforced concrete. Equality. Concrete would be less expensive than blocks of stones, and it As it shall tower above the City of Alexandria, and in view would also allow for more floor space. A granite façade would pro- of historic Mount Vernon, it will bring to mind another of our tect the concrete and affirm ’s enduring principles. tenets, the immortality of the soul. Corbett’s design enclosed the lower two tiers, with one designated for a museum and the second a library. The top “temple” would Reconvening at 1:30 p.m., Corbett addressed the assembly and be an open-air observation level. answered a few last questions. On a motion by Cooper H. Prickitt, Past Grand Master of New Jersey, the Association unanimously “It Shall Tower Above” voted to approve the model and plans in principle. It had been just The twelfth annual convention of the George Washington four and a half months since the Executive Committee had first Masonic National Memorial Association opened on February 22, set foot in Helmle & Corbett’s office. 1922. President Watres called the meeting to order, with Grand A million details and several million dollars stood between Masters of most American jurisdictions present. Harvey Wiley the groundbreaking and the dedication, but with the blessings Corbett unveiled a scale model of the building and grounds of the of Deity, and the fixed and steady purpose of Louis Watres and proposed Memorial. The attendees were invited to examine the Charles Callahan, the Freemasons of America had designs upon model and ask questions, then and during the luncheon break. the tracing board. Prior to recessing for refreshment, President Watres spoke: The 1922 convention adjourned. The assembled brethren then “made a pilgrimage to Mount Vernon and there placed a wreath It was our beloved [President & Brother] McKinley who said, of flowers on the tomb of Brother George Washington.” “Every monument to Washington is a monument to patriotism.” Our monument to Washington will be that, but it will be more Mark A. Tabbert is the Director of Library & Museum Collections than that. As it shall stand in its beauty and majesty on the banks of The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association. of the Potomac, it will emphasize, because Washington subscribed thereto, the basic teachings of Freemasonry, to wit, the Father-

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 7 The Eye of Providence: A Journey into Masonic Symbolism by Shawn E. Eyer

ach year, the Memorial Association creates a commemora- Later, Ben Sira uses language that more directly evokes the E tive holiday ornament featuring a theme from Freemasonry, common iconographic depictions of the All-Seeing Eye: George Washington, or the Memorial building itself. This year, our holiday ornament is The Eye of Providence (see page 16 for . . . the eyes of the Lord are ten thousand times brighter than the more information). It is a symbol recognized by Freemasons sun, beholding all the ways of men, and considering the most everywhere as a beautiful representation of the watchful care of secret parts. the Supreme Architect. But its history as a symbol reveals ancient roots that antedate its inclusion in our Craft by millennia. Learn- This image of the divine gaze as more luminous than ten ing more about those roots can help us to better comprehend thousand suns, is the source in biblical literature for Western ico- what our ancient brethren understood when they contemplated nography’s depiction of the eye of God within a brilliant glory. this beautiful emblem. The theme of the divine gaze is found in the New Testament as well. The Letter to the Hebrews says: Drawn from the Great Light One of the most extensive sources of our symbolism is the Great Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight: but Light in Masonry. There, we find several references to the all-see- all things are naked and opened unto the eyes of him with whom ing eye of the Supreme Being, especially in the books classified we have to do. as “wisdom literature.” Some of the earliest are from the Book of Psalms. The majority of the songs in this book were written The Emblem in Art & Architecture between 800 and 600 BC, and were used in the ceremonies held The Eye of God became a popular theme in the art of the Late at the Temple of Solomon. The symbol recurs numerous times in , usually appearing surrounded by rays of light (in these beautiful ancient hymns: reference to the words of Ben Sira). The Eye was often depicted as contained within a triangle, with the three sides of the triangle The LORD is in his holy temple, the LORD’s throne is in heaven: referring to the three divine persons of the . his eyes behold, his eyelids try, the children of men. During this period, the symbol appears frequently in church architecture and religious paintings. It also is found extensively Behold, the eye of the LORD is upon them that fear him, in emblem books. During the sixteenth and seventeenth centu- upon them that hope in his mercy . . . . ries, small books containing symbolic engravings and short poems were extremely popular in Europe. Filled with allegorical images The eyes of the LORD are upon the righteous, that required effort to understand, these books made prodigious and his ears are open unto their cry. use of the All-Seeing Eye as a symbol of the awareness of God.

Here, the divine gaze is celebrated as profoundly concerned Early Masonic Appearances with justice. According to the Psalmists, the Supreme Being Whether from the biblical references, the artistic and architec- observes his creation from the supernal throne in the celestial tural examples, or the frequent depiction in emblem books, it is Temple, gazing with approval on those who are aware of His pres- easy to see that the All-Seeing Eye would have been a familiar ence and who follow the moral law. Similar uses of the symbol symbol to the early Freemasons. of the eye of God may be found in the Book of Proverbs, which The earliest example of such a symbol just might be on a per- introduces the idea that “The eyes of the LORD preserve knowledge.” sonal seal of Bro. Robert Moray (1609–1673), a Scottish soldier Another book—The Wisdom of Ben Sira, also known as Eccle- and natural philosopher who was initiated into the Craft in 1641. siasticus—may be one of the most important sacred sources for A partial wax impression of one of his seals is in the shape of a the symbolism with which we are so familiar. It was written in the circle, with an eye at the center, radiating in every direction to the second century BC, and it reiterates the theme of omniscience: circumference. Was it a Masonic reference? There is no way to be certain, but some historians find it quite possible. And his eyes are upon them that fear him, The symbol appears in an unmistakable way in the engraved and he knoweth every work of man. frontispieces of two books of Bro. Fifield D’Assingy (1707–1744):

8 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 Detail, American Masonic Tracing Board, oil paint on canvas, ca. 1825. Gift of Claude H. Harris, Past Master, Alexandria-Washington Lodge -No 22, Alexandria, Virginia (2014.033).

An Impartial Answer to the Enemies of Freemasonry (1741) and Many are aware that the common American lodge working A Serious and Impartial Inquiry Into the Cause of the Present Decay came to us from William Preston via Bro. Thomas Smith Webb of Free-Masonry in the Kingdom of Ireland (1744). Each depicts the (1771-1819), who began publishing an American adaptation of All-Seeing Eye with rays descending. The 1744 example, which is Preston’s book. The 1802 edition of Webb’s Freemason’s Monitor particularly well-drawn, seems to show a group of Freemasons on documents how the All-Seeing Eye was taking its permanent place their way to the lodge under the protection of the divine gaze, . among the hieroglyphical emblems of the third degree. In Webb’s Although the All-Seeing Eye was clearly a symbol in the version, we are urged to remember that: Masonic vocabulary by this time, it was a rather esoteric one, as it does not appear to show up in the Masonic writings of the . . . although our thoughts, words, and actions, may be hidden era. It was an image that many Masons recognized, but did not from the eyes of man, yet that ALL-SEEING EYE, Whom the Sun, much speak about either in their rituals or their interpreta- Moon and Stars obey, and under whose watchful care even Com- tions of Masonry. That begins to change in the 1770s, during the ets perform their stupendous revolutions, pervades the inmost ascendancy of the great Masonic lecturer, Bro. William Preston recesses of the human heart, and will reward us according to our (1742–1818). The symbol appears in numerous places and forms in merits. Preston’s degree lectures. For example, in his closing ceremony of second degree, the brethren are admonished: Reading these words, so familiar to us as American Freema- sons, it is easy to see how the symbol of the All-Seeing Eye has Then let us consider, that wherever we are, and whatever we do retained its ancient meaning from the wisdom literature of the in the character of craftsmen, God is with us, and his all seeing ancient Hebrews, through its role in European art and architec- eye observes us: that acting in conformity to our tenets we may ture, into the traditions of our Craft. declare in his presence that we have endeavored to discharge our Perhaps it is ironic that, today, it is looked upon primarily as a duty with fervency and zeal. Masonic emblem—even by those outside of our Fraternity. For, in truth, the All-Seeing Eye is a profound symbol that belongs The above example was, obviously, not for publication at the to everyone who perceives the reality of an omniscient and just time. But other Masons were mentioning the All-Seeing Eye in Supreme Being. print. In 1766, Bro. Isaac Head gave a Charge in the Scilly Isles of England, in which he asked that the brethren remain “ever mind- ful that the Eye which pervades the immeasurable Regions of Space, Shawn E. Eyer is the Director of Communications and Development and sees through the thickest Darkness, is ever present with us.” of The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association.

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 9 Our Gift to You Join the George Washington Washington’s Rules of Civility Memorial Society eorge Washington’s many virtues have, for centuries, led t the 2013 annual meeting of the Memorial Association, the G Masons to regard him as a true exemplar of the dignity and A Board of Directors voted to approve extending the oppor- morality that our Craft espouses. He was twenty years old when tunity to become a Charter Member of the George Washington be was initiated into Freemasonry and Memorial Society. The Society comprises a select group of mem- became exposed to bers dedicated to supporting the Memorial and its mission. the beautiful val- Charter Members are those who donate $1,000 or more ues taught in our to the Memorial with their original membership application, degrees. But we know and $250 or more per year thereafter. Charter Members will that Washington receive a unique hand-crafted patent signifying their member- was already think- ship in the Society, as well as a high-quality medal and lapel pin. ing about values and Charter Members will be named on decorum about four a permanent plaque in the Memorial years prior to that. and displayed on our website. Charter Francis Hawkins’ 1661 Members will also be invited to a recep- book, Youth’s Behavior, tion at the gala celebration of George Or, Decencie in Conver- Washington’s Birthday at the Memorial sation Among Men, was a each year. A list of the Charter Mem- popular volume used in bers to date may be found on page 12 of the education of young this edition of Light. people in Washington’s Membership is for individuals only. day. At some point during Applications for membership are Washington’s adoles- available on the Memorial’s website, cence, he had occasion to gwmemorial.org. For more information make a copy of a section of about the George Washington Memo- this book. While nobody rial Society, contact the Memorial’s knows the exact context or reason why, one theory is that he Executive Director George D. Seghers was practicing his penmanship. Or, perhaps he may have simply at 703-683-2007 or gseghers@gwmemo- found the section valuable and desired a full copy. rial.org. The section is titled, “The Rules of Civility and Decent Behaviour in Company and Conversation,” and Washington’s manuscript of it still survives in the Library of Congress. The Rules Thank You to the Royal of Civility is a manual of behavior comprising 110 guidelines for maintaining friendly and respectful relations among people. They Order of Scotland show young Washington’s concern for civil behavior in public, in he Memorial gratefully acknowledges YAL O RO RD private, in business, and in all other realms of life. the generous support of Sir James E. E E T H R While some of the rules seem antiquated to us now, most are as Winzenreid, Provincial Grand Master of T

EXCE IN LS I useful today as they ever were. They provide important reminders the Provincial Grand Lodge of the Royal S A I

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L for civil discourse and offer a fascinating window into the values Order of Scotland, USA, for sponsoring G that shaped George Washington from his very youth. this issue of Light and for his con- The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Asso- tinuing support of the Memorial. The O F ND ciation has republished George Washington’s Rules of Civility as a Royal Order of Scotland is an invitational SC OTLA 36-page booklet, and we are proud to make it available to you free Masonic Order that preserves and confers two of charge (North America only). Those who register will also be two beautiful degrees. To learn more, visit their website at added to the mailing list for LIGHT. http://www.yorkrite.com/roos/. To request your free George Washington’s Rules of Civility book- let, visit http://gwmemorial.org/civility/ and follow the directions.

10 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 The George Washington Masonic National Memorial is Designated a National Historic Landmark s you may have recently seen in the news, the George Wash- among the boldest attempts by a private organization to memori- A ington Masonic National Memorial was recently added to alize George Washington,” and that being named to the list would the United States government’s official list of National Historic “help to ensure that a preservation ethic will guide the future man- Landmarks and National Register of Historic Places. By coinci- agement and maintenance of the Memorial, and encourage civic dence, the official announcement fell on August 4—an auspicious pride and popular support for the site.” day, being the 262nd anniversary of Washington’s raising as a Mas- In other words, our new status as a National Historic Land- ter Mason in Fredericksburg in 1753. mark is in recognition of the fact that American Masons have This is an exclusive status, reserved only for buildings and sites built and maintain the Memorial through private donations. We that possess extraordinary significance to our nation’s history. rely upon that ongoing support to fund our very active ongoing At last, our Fraternity’s beautiful Memo- restoration efforts. The donations we rial to the life and character of George receive also allow our many valuable Washington has been so recognized. programs to flourish. In short, the Fra- “The Memorial’s importance within ternity’s support of the Memorial makes the Masonic Fraternity has been long the Memorial what it is. This new des- understood,” said Shawn Eyer, the ignation does not change that; it merely Memorial’s Director of Communi- recognizes its vital importance in the cations and Development. “We are story of our nation. delighted that the Memorial is now The Memorial Association is grate- being recognized as national historic ful to all who assisted in making this landmark. It is both an impressive local designation a reality, most notably: Paul landmark and a striking achievement of Dolinsky, Chief of the Historic Ameri- Harvey Wiley Corbett, one of the twen- can Landscapes Survey Program at the tieth century’s foremost architects.” National Park Service; Kate M. Kocyba, 2010 Tompkins Fellow, Historic Ameri- A “Unified, Fully National can Buildings Survey of the NPS; James Initiative” A. Jacobs, Historian at the Historic What does this mean from the per- American Buildings Survey of the NPS; spective of the Memorial Association’s and Kathryn G. Smith, National His- member jurisdictions? It is important toric Landmarks & National Register to bear in mind that the designation of Coordinator for the National Capital the Memorial as a National Historic Region, NPS. Landmark does not mean that the Fed- eral government will become involved The George Washington Masonic National Memorial is now recognized as a National Historic Landmark. Important restoration Ceremony to Be Held on in the support of the Memorial. This work, shown above, is currently being performed to ensure that the Washington’s Birthday status simply means that there is official Memorial’s mission will continue for generations to come. Each year, the Memorial celebrates recognition that the Memorial is a place George Washington’s Birthday, Febru- that—as the National Park Service puts it—possesses “excep- ary 22, with activities that include an educational Symposium and tional value and quality in illustrating or interpreting the heritage a formal Gala. In 2016, an special ceremony will be held at 10 a.m. of the United States.” near the entrance of the Memorial to unveil the National Historic Indeed, the foundation of that historical importance is that this Landmark plaque. We hope that you will join us in celebrating Memorial was conceived, funded, built, and maintained by the this important achievement for the Memorial. See page 4 for addi- Freemasons of the United States as a testimony of their admi- tional information on all the day’s events. ration of George Washington. The NPS’ statement emphasizes Visit our website at http://gwmemorial.org/landmark/ to learn that designation of the Memorial as a National Historic Land- more about this important development. If you have any ques- mark would “recognize the significance of the Memorial as the tions about the National Historic Landmark designation, contact only major unified, fully national initiative of the Freemasons and Shawn Eyer at 703-400-4950 or [email protected].

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 11 Contributors Jeffery Derocher MI The Society of Washington Lodges Joel T. Bundy VA Karl Buschhaus WI Charter Members Burlington Lodge No- 32 NJ The George Washington Alexander Jordan WA Washington Lodge No- 20 CA Catawba Lodge No- 342 VA Memorial Society B. Palmer Mills GA Washington-LaFayette Lodge No- 176 VA Collington Lodge No- 230 MD L. Todd Eastham KY Richard B. Anderson WI George Washington Lodge No- 251 WA Norman L. Diegoli MA Ridgely H. Gilmour UT Marc J. Milburn MI (now University Lodge No- 141) John L. Farmer WY Anne Carroll Gilmour UT F. Richard Carlson IL Potomac Lodge No- 5 DC James A. Grannes IL Jack D. Anderson MT Donald H. LaLiberte MA Washington Lodge No- 70 CT Harmonia Lodge No- 138 FL Gale H. Kenney WA Richard P. Schulze FL Washington Daylight Lodge No- 14 DC James C. Harrell CA Philip G. Buchholz WY Dennis Grant FL Alexandria-Washington Lodge No- 22 VA Earl R. Harrison IL J. F. “Jeff” Webb LA Thomas E. Gilliam, Jr. VA Federal Lodge No- 1 DC Owen J. Hayes, II IL Donald G. Hicks, Jr. MA Frederick G. Kleyn CA Washington Lodge No- 46 OR Virgil G. Humphrey IN James T. Feezell DC William E. Haase MI George Washington Lodge No- 161 CO William L. Ingram AR Akram R. Elias DC Robert K. McDilda TX Jackson Lodge No- 53 SC Frederick E. Kaiser, Jr. MI Gerald Blomquist MI Regular Members James B. Kershaw FL Louis Castle NV Corey F. Curtiss MI Fellowship Lodge No- 490 MI J. Walter Kincaid PA Randal Slinkard TX Bryce B. Hildreth IA Marine Lodge MA Charles J. Lentz, Jr. ME Paul M. Carroll MA Stephen J. Ponzillo III MD Wamesit Lodge MA Lugoff Lodge No- 411 SC James M. Scearce, Jr. VA Kenneth G. Nagel CA Columbian Lodge MA Larry C. Martin OR John R. “Bo” Cline AK Frank R. Dunaway, Jr. FL Jackson Lodge No- 82 MO Missouri College SRICF MO Kerry D. Kirk VA Kenneth S. Wyvill, Jr. MD Golden Rule Lodge MA Patesville Masonic Lodge No- 295 SC David B. “Ben” Browning VA G. R. “Mike” Harman SC Mount Moriah Lodge No- 2 UT Pathfinder Lodge No- 42 WY Miriam F. Browning VA Frank V. Sturgeon VA Mount Lebanon Lodge MA Robert V. Pinkston SC James A. Manninen MA James G. Kelley NV Robert M. Reeder** CA Graham A. Long MA Emil J. Klingenfus VA by Tony & Marilyn Wordlow Clark B. Loth MA John Vining MA Friends of the Memorial St. John’s Lodge No- 1 RI Hans S. Pawlisch MD Joseph M. Van Name VA Jason Taliaferro VA Steve Wittberger Carl Gagliardi VA New Century Wade Hampton Lodge No- 404 SC Christopher Wade VA R. Robert McElwee PA Edward K. Arndt VA Douglas A. Weakley OH Robert P. Conley MI Jeffrey N. Nelson ND Cayce Lodge No- 384 SC Jerry S. Whitlock VA Barry A. Rickman SC Leonard Proden DC Richard Davidson NH John T. Wintler CA Roger A. Simmons AL Robert D. Pollock VA Ronald A. Fraser IL York Grand Lodge of Mexico Mexico Loyd Davis VA James Arnold CA Mansour Hatefi VA Volodya A. Lozanov Bulgaria Robert W. Gregory CO Harold J. Littleton DE Silver Emil M. Harsev Bulgaria Damon Riddell VA David Michael Petto MA John M. Adema CA Michael L. Caprio, Jr. NJ D. Brook Cunningham AZ James P. Robb WI Will Alexander MT Donald Smith DC Robert Russell MI William Arthur Simms** VA William C. Allen SC Todd Smith TX Fred E. Allen TX by Richard Clark Bell Ronald W. Barley FL Anna E. Clark NJ Geraldine Windham Werdig VA Donald W. Spradlin MA John O. Bond, Sr. ME Chester H. Clark NJ Harry Lyon VA Jason Taliaferro VA Guy L. Burrell SC Oscar LopezMiranda TX Daniel R. Ruiz-Isasi FL Collierville Lodge No- 152 TN James A. Schad MI Tim Russell VA Platinum Shawn Eyer** VA Dean R. Baker PA Blaine H. Simons UT David Allmuth CA by Douglas A. Weakley Lawrence E. Bethune MA James H. Laughlin VA Loren A. Cox, Sr. MN Fayette Lodge No- 107 OH Shawn E. Eyer VA Tod William Voss NE Thomas O. Eller NC Sid & Jennifer Felps LA George D. Seghers VA Dennis Herrold MI Elbridge Waldo Grover NH Acacio C. Ferreira MA Louise Gates Seghers VA Jerry L. Durmire NC Olle E. Haggstrom CT Kolen Flack NC Seth A. Hunter MA Wayne Sirmon AL John B. Hall IL Roger Ford KY George O. Braatz MD Robert C. Chamberlain MA Mansour Hatefi VA Frank H. Funk WA Larry Christenson PA Marty Alexander HI Douglas R. Hile MD Great Priory of America, TX Thomas W. Jackson PA Ryan Koniak VA Allen Martin VA Rectified Andrew Huttner VA Marshall E. Waters VA Zaven Harry Nalbandian MA Richard B. Greenhalgh** NJ O. McNeil Marple VA Kenji Oomura Japan Stephen J. Ponzillo, III MD by Edgar N. Peppler Michael R. Aulicino VA William B. Ten Eyck SC Jack H. Puerner VA Harmony Lodge No- 22 SC Charles W. McElwee MD Douglas W. McDonald, Sr. GA Barbara G. Spalding CA William B. Harting IN Dean S. Clatterbuck DC Charles H. “Chuck” Gilson SD St. John’s Lodge No- 1 RI Michael A. Higgins TX Sandra Clatterbuck DC S. Vance Wilkins, Jr. VA Sumter Lodge No- 364 SC Michael Johnson MD Joseph G. Funcasta MA Jeffrey Schulmeister MI Jason Taliaferro VA Hilda Lodge No- 426 SC Thomas A. Spencer TX Paul Bailey CO Tenn. Craftsmen Motorcycle Club TN James L. Hudler MI David Narkunas NH Robert F. Drechsler DC William L. Trubeck MN Lamar Lodge No- 287 SC Robert N. Stutz NJ Jeffrey D. Maynor LA John A. Truesdale MA Landrum Lodge No- 278 SC Leo F. “Lee” Snidersich MI Mark A. Tabbert VA Washington Lodge No- 3 VT Clifford C. Lewis IN Edgar N. Peppler NJ Richard Davidson NH Richard A. Whitley MD Elmore Lodge 288 SC Lon W. Kvasager ND Claire V. Tusch ME Edward T. Martin KY Daniel Toole MI Arthur Temple SD Gold Richard C. McGuire VA William R. Currier MA John Ryder MA Ashlar Lodge No- 639 OH John D. McNab* WA Prince D. Selvaraj Ontario Ed Bousquet OR Frank C. Baker UT by Barbara A. McNab Paul Ricciardi MA Wade E. Sheeler IA Eugene M. Bane VA Michael L. Mulcahy MA Austin Ryan MA Boca-Delray Lodge No- 171 FL Richard J. Stewart MA Michael P. Bryans WA *In Memory of **In Honor of 12 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 Edwin Murray MD Bench Dedications SupportBecome athe Friend GWMNMA of the Memorial Today! Paul Neidlinger FL David Benjamin Browning, Jr. VA Edward Nelson UT & Miriam Jean Freeman Browning H. Allen Ohrt ND Yes! Count on me to support our Memorial. Enclosed is my Old Fort Lodge No- 420 SC contribution of: Ornan Lodge No- 38 SC Patrons Philip R. Perkins AZ  $100 Silver: Your gift will be acknowledged and you will o Piedmont Lodge of Perfection SC Alexandria-Washington Lodge N- 22 VA receive a Friend of the Memorial Certificate. John C. Posey LA Alvin I. Singer IL o Recovery Lodge N- 31 SC W. David Hanisch CA  $250 Gold: Your gift will be acknowledged and you will Stephen Dexter Reynolds NY W. Lee Long NC Lionel G. Ruhman CA H. Malvern Marks TX receive a Friend of the Memorial Certificate. Daniel G. Sampson ND Stanley A. Raley CA Howard B. Schiller CT Loren E. Schrock OR  $500 Platinum: Your gift will be acknowledged and you William G. Schlobohm IL Loyd E. Davis UT will receive a Friend of the Memorial Certificate. Edward D. Schocker MI Doris E. Hoffman MI William R. Shanley VA George & Louise Seghers VA  $1000 New Century: Your gift will be acknowledged, you will Edward E. Smith SC Masonic Ancients PA receive a Certificate and your name will be cast in bronze Paul R. Stroud SC of Pennsylvania Summerville Lodge No- 234 SC Anthony & Marilyn Wordlow CA and displayed in the main entrance to Memorial Hall. Ravi Swamy NC James A. & Shirley M. Pletz DE Jason Taliaferro VA Mark & Kathy Genung IN Patrons Melvin N. Teffeau* MD Joseph C. Connolly MA  by Shirley Teffeau Columbia-Keystone Royal Arch PA $5,000 Gird M. Tolley FL Chapter No- 3  $10,000 William J. Warmoth IL Jack Callahan AL  $25,000 James H. Williams TX Richard W. Sweet AZ Kenneth S. Wyvill, Jr. MD Warner B. Connolly MI  $50,000 Cheryl & Frank Youd MI Ann & Chester Clark NJ  $100,000 George J. Koca IL Tree Dedications Tuoc Kim Pham CA In addition to the above benefits, all Patrons will receive a plaque Academia Lodge No- 847** CA Pioneer Lodge No- 70 NJ and their names will be permanently displayed on a Patrons Wall by Shawn Eyer Wm. R. Singleton-Hope-Lebanon DC Mary Leggett Browning** VA Lodge No- 7 of Honor recognizing major benefactors prominently located in by David & Miriam Browning Thomas W. Jackson PA the Memorial. Miriam F. Browning** VA Grand Lodge of Bulgaria Bulgaria by David “Ben” Browning AASR Valley of Eugene, Oregon OR David B. “Ben” Browning, Jr.** VA Donald E. Daume NJ Already a Supporter? Great! Since donations are cumulative, an by Miriam “Mimi” Browning The Square Club, New Jersey NJ additional contribution may upgrade your status to the next category. Bunting Charity Lodge No- 727 NY William A. Simms, Jr. VA Jack L. Caynon, Jr.* NH Ridgely H. Gilmour UT  by Phoenix Lodge No- 105 David B. “Ben” VA Other amount enclosed: $ Douglas H. Clark** NJ & Miriam F. Browning  Check enclosed made payable to GWMNMA by Chester H. Clark NJ Columbian Lodge, AF&AM MA Albert, Carl & Robert Drechsler** MD Humane Lodge No- 21 NH Please charge my: by Robert F. Drechsler Barbara A. McNab WA  American Express  Discover  MasterCard  Visa Richard E. Fletcher** MD Riviera Lodge No- 780 CA by Judith Fletcher & Family Harold & Devorah Freeman** VA (Please Print) by David & Miriam Browning card number expiration date Henry Harris & Charles Newson* VA by Arlena Newson James D. Hawkins VA name (as it appears on card) David Keyes MA Naval Lodge No. 87 CA address Donald E. Rasmussen** NE by His Family city, state, zip Paul E. Rogers* VA ® by Eva I. Rogers signature Jeffrey D. Russell** DC Our Mission by William R. Singleton- To inspire humanity through e-mail address to receive the newsletter via e-mail Hope-Lebanon Lodge No- 7 The George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association, Inc. is a non-profit William “Will” Rutherford** CA education to emulate and organization under section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code and contributions by Patricia & John Rutherford promote the virtues, are tax-deductible to the full extent permitted by law. All donations will be gratefully George & Marie Watkins* IL character and vision of acknowledged. Donors will be listed in our newsletter after each honor level is reached. by Robert & Larissa Watkins George Washington, Robert G. Watkins, Jr.** VA Mail to GWMNMA, 101 Callahan Drive, by Larissa Watkins the Man, the Mason Alexandria, VA 22301-2751 or fax to 703-519-9270 and Father of our Country.

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 13 Memorial Gift Shop Featured Items

2015 Holiday Ornament 2014 Holiday Ornament Centennial Medallion Titled The Eye of Providence, the new Titled Erected in Strength and Beauty, this A beautiful two-sided keepsake, featuring Washington’s profile on the obverse, and the 2015 ornament features the Masonic ornament frames the Memorial’s Tower Memorial’s striking crest on the reverse. 1½˝ diameter. Base Metal $35. (N-o 439) Gold symbol of the All-Seeing Eye. Made in with beautiful holiday filigree. Made in Plate $75. (N-o 433) Sterling Silver Gilt $150. (N-o 434) the USA. $25. (N-o 858) the USA. $25. (N-o 825)

Pewter Medallion This attractive memento features the Memorial’s eastern face on the front, and the crest of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association on the verso. 1¼˝ diameter. $20. (No- 803)

The Way of the Craftsman by W. Kirk Observing the Craft, Classic Edition by George Washington: Gentleman Warrior by Stephen Brumwell. Winner of the prestigious MacNulty is a journey into the sym- Andrew Hammer. A manifesto of sorts George Washington Book Prize, this book is a vivid recounting of the formative years bolism and philosophy of Freemasonry for the observant Mason, who seeks and military career of “The Father of his Country.” It focuses on a side of him that is from the perspective of Renaissance quality over quantity in every aspect of often overlooked: the ambitious young frontier officer and the early career of the com- mysticism and modern psychology. Freemasonry. Hardbound with gilded mander of the revolutionaries’ Continental Army. Paperback, 512 pages. $18.99 (No- 859) Paperback, 160 pages. $16.95. (No- 173) trim, 248 pages. $36. (No- 660)

14 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 Memorial Gift Shop Featured Items

Memorial Lapel Pins Memorial Crest Cufflinks George Washington Cufflinks Washington Profile pin, ¾˝ diame- These beautiful cufflinks featuring the Memorial’s Crest are the These beautiful cufflinks feature George Washington’s distinctive ter. $8.50. (N-o 429). Memorial Crest perfect way to show your support. ¾˝ diameter with swivel-bar profile encircled by a laurel wreath. ¾˝ diameter with swivel-bar fas- pin, $8.50. (N-o 428) fasteners. $45. (N-o 604) teners. $45. (N-o 431)

100% Silk Centennial Ties Martha Washington Butterfly Pin Choose from 1) Navy blue with red and white stripes, George Washington profile, and Washington’s signature in Featuring an exact replica of a painting that, according to gold (left, N-o 698), 2) Navy blue with red and gold stripes, black Square & Compasses, and Memorial crest (center, Washington family tradition, was painted by Martha o o 1 o N- 700), 3) Navy blue, white stripes and black silk-screened George Washington profile (right, N- 639). $38 each. Washington. 2 ⁄8˝ wide. $20. (N- 328)

SHIP TO Item No- Item Quantity Price Each Total ______Name ______Street / Apt ______City / State / ZIP $5.35 USPS Priority Mail for most orders. Subtotal ______We are unable to accept VA residents add 6% sales tax ______International Orders at this time. Telephone Email Add S&H ______$5.95 Payment Type ______Mail form to: Memorial Gift Shop Total ______Card Number 101 Callahan Drive · Alexandria, VA 22301 • Check • Visa ______• MasterCard Expiration Signature Order by phone: 703-549-9234, 9 a.m.– 5 p.m. EST • Discover ______Order by fax: 703-519-9270 • Amex Billing Address (if different from Ship To) Order online: www.gwmemorial.org/shopping

Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015 15 LIGHT of the George Washington Masonic National Memorial

101 Callahan Drive · Alexandria, Virginia 22301-2751 703-683-2007 · www.gwmemorial.org

® 2015 Commemorative Ornament Association Officers The Eye of Providence Elected February 22, 2015 he George Washington Masonic National Memorial Association Ridgely H. Gilmour, President Robert P. Conley, First Vice President T is pleased to present our 2015 commemorative holiday ornament: J. F. “Jeff” Webb, Second Vice President The Eye of Providence. The Eye of Providence, or the All-Seeing Eye, Claire V. Tusch, Third Vice President George D. Seghers,* Executive Director is an impressive emblem of the omniscience of God and the univer- sality of his mercy. Widely depicted in works of art as well Board of Directors

as sacred architecture as surrounded by radiant Light, Term Expires February 22, 2016 it is instantly recognizable as a reference to the Robert P. Conley,* Michigan unbounded care of the Divine for His creation. John V. Egan, III, Colorado Andrew U. Hammer,* A-W Lodge No. 22 As a young man, George Washington Stephen J. Ponzillo, III, Maryland expressed faith in “ Gail S. Turner, Missouri the all-power- Claire V. Tusch,* Maine ful dispensations of Providence.” Later, throughout the American Revolution Term Expires February 22, 2017 Jarrod R. Adkisson, Arkansas and the early days of our Republic, he Tracy L. Bloom, Kansas often expressed his unshakable belief in Charles H. “Chuck” Gilson, South Dakota the role of divine Providence in the des- Ridgely H. Gilmour,* Dale I. Goehrig, Florida tiny of nations. And, after the American Simon R. LaPlace, victory, Washington gratefully wrote: Kenneth G. Nagel, California “When I contemplate the interposition Term Expires February 22, 2018 Orville R. Armstrong, Tennessee of Providence, as it was visibly mani- Philip G. Buchholz, Wyoming fested in guiding us through the Revolution, John M. Chambliss, Jr., Virginia Richard J. Elman, Indiana in preparing us for the reception of the general Mansour Hatefi, District of Columbia government, and in conciliating the good will of the Douglas W. MacDonald, Sr., Georgia Thomas K. Sturgeon, Pennsylvania people of America toward one another after its adoption, J. F. “Jeff” Webb,* Louisiana I feel myself oppressed and almost overwhelmed with a sense of divine munificence.” In 1782, the All-Seeing Eye was famously emblazoned in the Great * Member of Executive Committee Seal of the United States in recognition of “the many signal interpositions of Providence Frank R. Dunaway, Jr., Board Member Emeritus Donald M. Robey, Exec. Sec.-Treas. Emeritus in favor of the American cause.” Within Freemasonry, it is most often described as that “All-Seeing Eye, whom the Sun, Moon and Stars obey, and under whose watchful care LIGHT is a publication of the George Washington even comets perform their stupendous revolutions, pervades the inmost recesses of the Masonic National Memorial. Copyright © 2015. human heart, and will reward us according to our merits.” All Rights Reserved. To order your 2015 ornament, call 703-549-9234, visit our website at Editor: Shawn E. Eyer , or use the order form on page 15 (Item No 858, $25). Photography: S. Eyer, A. Pierson, N. Wonsaroj http://gwmemorial.org/shopping/ - Illustration: Christopher Erney 16 Volume 21 · Number 2, 2015