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SOARANTO Lolita Zorah AGRO ING 11 N° Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO ECOLE SUPERIEURE DES SCIENCES AGRONOMIQUES DEPARTEMENT ELEVAGE MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDES POUR L’OBTENTION DU DIPLOME D’INGENIEUR AGRONOME La pêche aux Masovoatoaka ou Paretroplus polyactis dans la région Atsinanana (cas d’Antanandraiminty et Tandroroho, Districts de Vatomandry et de Mahanoro ) Membres du jury : •••Monsieur Rivo Nirina RABEARIMISA ·Monsieur Georges RAFOMANANA ·Monsieur Jean de Neupomuscène RAKOTOZANDRINY ·Madame Isabelle Herisoa HANTANIRINA Présenté par : SOARANTO Lolita Zorah Date de Soutenance : 30 Novembre 2011 PROMOTION AMPINGA (2005-2010) Page 1 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho UNIVERSITE D’ANTANANARIVO MEMOIRE DE FIN D’ETUDE Ecole Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques (E.S.S.A.) DILPOME D’INGENIEUR AGRONOME Tél : 020 22 228 67 – BP : 175 – CP : 101 Option : ELEVAGE AUTEUR : Lolita Zorah SOARANTO, Promotion AMPINGA SITES D’ETUDE : Fokontany Antanandraiminty et Fokontany Tandroroho dans les districts de Vatomandry et TITRE : Contribution à l’étude de la pêche de Paretroplus Mahanoro. Région Atsinanana polyactis dans les fokontany d’Antanandraiminty et de Tandroroho (Districts de Vatomandry et de Mahanoro, Durée du terrain : Trois semaines du 03 au 23 Mai 2010 Région Atsinanana) DATE DE REALISATION : Mai 2010 à Novembre 2011 TUTEUR : Georges RAFOMANANA, Directeur de Recherche Associé, Docteur de l’ENSAR en Halieutiques - Mention : Economie Rurale Aquacole, Ingénieur Agro-halieute, Chercheur-Enseignant. Résumé L’espèce dulçaquicole Paretroplus polyactis connu sous le nom de Masovoatoaka est une espèce endémique de la Côte Est de Madagascar. Elle est parmi les espèces de poisson très appréciées et très recherchées des Betsimisaraka. Mais pourtant au niveau du commerce, l’offre de ce produit est inférieure à la demande et le ravitaillement est assuré par la pêche encore traditionnelle. Des enquêtes ont été menées sur terrain pour savoir sur la situation de la pêche continentale et sur l’espèce étudiée. Et les résultats de ces enquêtes ont montré que : − il y a trois types de pêcheurs mais la technique de la pêche est encore traditionnelle avec des outils rudimentaires ; − les pêcheurs ne s’intéressent pas à la pêche des Masovoatoka et; − l’exploitation abusive des pêcheurs sur le canal des pangalanes entraine le risque de la disparition de plusieurs espèces aquacoles surtout l’espèce Paretroplus polyactis , une espèce à résilience limitée. L’apport des aides aux pêcheurs ainsi que le lancement de l’aquaculture de Masovoatoaka semblent être une bonne solution pour remédier aux problèmes de ces personnes et de cette espèce. Et le résultat de l’analyse financière du projet d’élevage artisanale a démontré que le projet est financièrement acceptable et économiquement viable tout en préservant l’espèce cible. Abstract The freshwater species Paretroplus polyactis known to Masovoatoaka is endemic to the east coast of Madagascar. It is among the species of fish highly valued and highly sought-Betsimisaraka. Yet at the level of trade, supply of this product is less than demand and supply is provided by the fishing is still traditional. Surveys were conducted on ground to see a little more on inland fisheries and the species studied. And the results of these surveys showed that: − There are three types of fishing but the technique of fishing is still traditional with rudimentary tools − Fishermen are not interested in fishing for Masovoatoaka − Abuse of fishermen on the canal Pangalanes causes the risk of the disappearance of several aquaculture species especially the species Paretroplus polyactis which is a species with limited resilience. The contribution of aid to fishermen and the launch of Aquaculture Masovoatoaka seem to be a good solution to address the problems of these people and this species. And the result of the financial analysis of the breeding project has demonstrated that the craft project is financially acceptable and economically viable while preserving the target species. MOTS CLES : Paretroplus polyactis , pêche continentale, circuit de vente, aménagement piscicole, analyse financière Je soussigné, Lolita Zorah SOARANTO, propriétaire des droits de reproduction du résumé du mémoire mentionné ci- dessus, autorise par la présente, toutes les sources bibliographiques à signaler et publier le dit résumé, ou émet les réserves. Date : Page 2 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho Remerciements Je remercie tout spécialement Monsieur Rivo Nirina RABEARIMISA, Ph.D, Maître de Conférences, Ingénieur agronome, Enseignant Chercheur, Chef de département Elevage, pour l’honneur que vous apportez en présidant cette soutenance de mémoire. Que Dieu vous bénisse et vous rende grâce Monsieur Georges RAFOMANANA, Directeur de Recherche Associé, Docteur de l’ENSAR en Halieutiques – mention : économie rurale aquacole, Ingénieur Agro halieute, Chercheur Enseignant, pour toute l’attention que vous avez apportée pour la réalisation de ce mémoire et aussi pour tout le partage de connaissance que vous avez toujours su donner. Que le bon Dieu entend et exhausse toutes vos prières. Monsieur Jean de Neupomuscène RAKOTOZANDRINY, Professeur titulaire, Docteur ès Sciences Biologiques appliquées, Docteur d’Etat ès Sciences Naturelles, Enseignant chercheur à l’ESSA, d’avoir accepté et donné du temps pour être parmi les membres du jury. Je vous remercie également pour toutes les connaissances et les savoirs que vous nous avez donnés durant notre scolarité ici, au sein de l’Agro. Que le Seigneur Dieu vous guide et éclaire dans vos travaux et dans tous ce que vous entreprenez. Madame Isabelle Herisoa HANTANIRINA, Docteur en Sciences Agronomiques, Enseignant chercheur à l’ESSA, d’avoir accepté pour examiner ce mémoire. Que la paix soit avec vous et que vous prospérez dans tout ce que vous faites. Page 3 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho Mes vifs remerciements aussi : − A mon défunt oncle Laurent LEZAVA, qui m’a beaucoup aidée durant la descente sur terrain. Sans vous, c’était difficile pour moi mais grâce à votre présence et votre soutien, tout s’est déroulé à merveille. Je ne vous oublierais jamais. Dors en paix mon oncle − Tous les corps enseignants et tous les personnels de l’ESSA pour tous les temps que nous avons passés ensembles Page 4 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho DEDICACES Je suis parvenue jusqu’au bout de mes études grâce aux soutiens des êtres qui m’entourent et qui me donnent de l’amour et du courage chaque jour. Je dois ma réussite à : Dieu, qui m’a donné la chance d’être ce que je suis en m’offrant son amour et la joie de vivre. Mes parents adorés, qui, depuis ma naissance, n’ont jamais cessé de m’aimer, de me chérir et de me soutenir. Je vous dédie ce mémoire de fin d’études pour vous prouver à mon tour mon amour et vous dire que les efforts que vous aviez faits pour moi n’était pas vains. La Famille LEZAVA Fleury, qui, m’a beaucoup aidé durant mes études en m’offrant leur amour et leur soutien. Vous êtes mes deuxièmes parents et je ne saurai ignorer tout ce que vous avez fait. Que le Bon Dieu vous garde et vous offre ce qu’il y a de meilleur ! Ma petite sœur, qui m’a su consoler dans les moments de dépression. En plus d’être une sœur, tu es ma meilleure amie et on peut Page 5 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho toujours compter l’un sur l’autre. Merci sœurette. Mon fils, qui m’offre chaque jour la joie et le bonheur de vivre. Ma belle famille. Merci pour tous ce que vous avez fait. Je vous souhaite réussite et succès dans tout ce que vous allez entreprendre. Je dédie tout spécialement ce mémoire à mon défunt oncle Laurent LEZAVA Page 6 Contribution à l’étude da la pèche de Paretroplus polyactifs da les fonkotany d’Antanandraiminty et Tondroroho Table des matières INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Partie I. ETUDE BIBLIOGRAPHIQUE ET SITUATION ACTUELLE ............................................................. 3 I. Justification de l’investigation....................................................................................................... 4 II. Choix de la zone d’étude .............................................................................................................. 4 II.1. Localisation ........................................................................................................................... 4 II.1.1. Premier site .................................................................................................................... 6 II.1.2. Deuxième site................................................................................................................. 7 II.2. Présentation globale de la zone d’étude .............................................................................. 8 II.2.1. Milieu physique .............................................................................................................. 8 II.2.2. Milieu biologique ........................................................................................................
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