Family-Group Names of Recent Fishes
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Zootaxa 3882 (2): 001–230 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Monograph ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3882.1.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:03E154FD-F167-4667-842B-5F515A58C8DE ZOOTAXA 3882 Family-group names of Recent fishes RICHARD VAN DER LAAN1,5, WILLIAM N. ESCHMEYER2 & RONALD FRICKE3,4 1Grasmeent 80, 1357JJ Almere, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] 2Curator Emeritus, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA. E-mail: [email protected] 3Im Ramstal 76, 97922 Lauda-Königshofen, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 4Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, D-70191 Stuttgart, Germany [temporarily out of office] 5Corresponding author Magnolia Press Auckland, New Zealand Accepted by L. Page: 6 Sept. 2014; published: 11 Nov. 2014 Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0 RICHARD VAN DER LAAN, WILLIAM N. ESCHMEYER & RONALD FRICKE Family-group names of Recent fishes (Zootaxa 3882) 230 pp.; 30 cm. 11 Nov. 2014 ISBN 978-1-77557-573-3 (paperback) ISBN 978-1-77557-574-0 (Online edition) FIRST PUBLISHED IN 2014 BY Magnolia Press P.O. Box 41-383 Auckland 1346 New Zealand e-mail: [email protected] http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ © 2014 Magnolia Press 2 · Zootaxa 3882 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press VAN DER LAAN ET AL. Table of contents Abstract . .3 Introduction . .3 Methods . .5 Rules for the family-group names and how we dealt with them . .6 How to use the family-group names list . .13 Family-group names list . .14 Acknowledgements . .136 References . .136 Index . .211 Abstract The family-group names of animals (superfamily, family, subfamily, supertribe, tribe and subtribe) are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Family names are particularly important because they are among the most widely used of all technical animal names. Apart from using the correct family-group name according to the Code, it is also important to use one unique universal name (with a fixed spelling) to avoid confusion. We have compiled a list of family- group names for Recent fishes, applied the rules of the Code and, if possible, tried to conserve the names in prevailing recent practice. We list all of the family-group names found to date for Recent fishes (N=2625), together with their author(s) and year of publication. This list can be used in assigning the correct family-group name to a genus or a group of genera. With this publication we contribute to the usage of correct, universal family-group names in the classification of, and for communication about, Recent fishes. Key words: family names, subfamily names, tribal names, ICZN, Zoological Code, nomenclature, prevailing spelling, prevailing recent practice Introduction The goal of this publication is to contribute to the use of correct family-group names in Recent fishes. Confusion about names, inconsistent use, and incorrect spellings create problems in communication and in searches for information. The zoological family-group names include superfamily (suffix –oidea), family (suffix –idae), subfamily (suffix –inae), tribe (suffix –ini), and subtribe (suffix –ina). They are regulated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (hereafter referred to as the Code) as published by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). The 4th edition of the Code (in effect on 1 January 2000) provided a set of rules for the naming of animals and the resolution of nomenclatural problems. Consistency in the use of valid family-group names is very important because they are among the most widely used of all technical names for fishes. They are used by fish systematists and frequently by scientists in related fields of biology, by naturalists, fishermen and aquarium hobbyists (van der Laan 2014). Like every scientific name, a family-group name serves as a tool for the storage and retrieval of information attached to the taxon. Family-group names also are important in that they often are used to form English vernacular names (and adjectives) as follows: · Tribes (–ini): by changing the suffix to singular in or plural ins; for example, Characini to characin fishes or characins · Subfamilies (–inae): by changing the suffix to singular ine or plural ines; for example, Characinae to characine fishes or characines · Families (–idae): by changing the suffix to singular id or plural ids; for example, Characidae to characid fishes or characids · Superfamilies (–oidea): by changing the suffix to singular ide or plural ides; for example, Characoidea to characide fishes or characides. As a result, an error in spelling of a family-group name extends to errors in vernacular names. Furthermore, if the names of higher-ranked taxa, specifically ordinal names (superorders, orders or suborders), are based on a FAMILY-GROUP NAMES OF RECENT FISHES Zootaxa 3882 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 3 Amphibichthyidae Hogg 1841:362 [ref. 2183] (family) Amphibichthys [senior objective synonym of Lepidosirenidi Bonaparte 1841, but not used as valid after 1899] Lepidosirenidi Bonaparte 1841:introduzione [10] [ref. 515] (family) Lepidosiren [junior objective synonym of Amphibichthyidae Hogg 1841, but Lepidosirenidae in prevailing recent practice; Lepidosirenidae used as valid by: Jordan 1923 [ref. 2421], Schultz with Stern 1948 [ref. 31938], Bertin & Arambourg 1958, Lagler, Bardach & Miller 1962, McAllister 1968 [ref. 26854], Lindberg 1971 [ref. 27211], Nelson 1976 [ref. 32838], Shiino 1976, Lagler, Bardach, Miller & May Passino 1977, Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Sterba 1990, Robins et al. 1991b [ref. 14238], Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Springer & Raasch 1995:104 [ref. 25656], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Reis et al. 2003 [ref. 27061], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Buckup, Menezes & Ghazzi 2007] ? Pneumoïchthyi van der Hoeven 1855:417 [ref. 2182] (family) ? Lepidosiren [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Family Protopteridae Peters 1855 Sirenoidei Müller 1846:201 [ref. 13283] (family) ? Protopterus [no stem of the type genus, not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Protopteri Peters 1855:234 [ref. 13448] (family) Protopterus Acknowledgements We would like to thank the following persons for their help and information: Gerald Allen, Nicolas Bailly, Andrey Balanov, Evgeny Barabanchichkov, Marie-Louise Bauchot, Ricardo Betancur-R., John Briggs, Paulo Buckup, George Burgess, Kent Carpenter, Dave Catania, Chen Xiao-Yong, Bruce Collette, Rongfeng Cui, Rich Eakin, Joe Eastman, Jon Fong, Thomas Fraser, Tom Geerinckx, Ali Gholamifard, Dani Golani, Martin Gomon, David Greenfield, Jesse Grosso, Elaine Heemstra, Hans Ho, Mysi Hoang, Jean Huber, Jean-Claude Hureau, Tomio Iwamoto, Yuk Iwatsuki, Seishi Kimura, Stas Kobyliansky, Alexander Kotlyar, Maurice Kottelat, Bernd Kramer, Sam Lalronunga, Helen Larson, Peter Last, Sébastien Lavoué, Robert Lea, Jeff Leis, James Lichatowich, Thomas Litz, Yumnam Lokeshwor, Hernan López-Fernández, Carlos Alberto Santos de Lucena, Nathan Lujan, John Lundberg, James Maclaine, John McCosker, Mark McGrouther, Sandro Minelli, Hiro Motomura, Prachya Musikasinthorn, Brett Nagle, Rekha Nair, Tetsuji Nakabo, Douglas Nelson, André Luiz Netto-Ferreira, David Nicolson, Jørgen Nielsen, Dirk Nolf, Martien van Oijen, Makoto Okamoto, Alex Orlov, Guillermo Orti, Hans- Joachim Paepke, Larry Page, Sabine Petri, Ted Pietsch, William Poly, Stuart Poss, Jack Randall, Ross Robertson, Rob Robins, Evgeny Romanov, Barry Russell, Ingo Schindler, Erwin Schraml, Werner Schwarzhans, Bernard Séret, Ricardo Serrao Santos, David Smith, Bill Smith-Vaniz, Ron Watson, William White, Jeff Williams, Peter Wirtz. We are grateful to our reviewers, especially Bill Smith-Vaniz, for their valuable suggestions to the manuscript. Special thanks to Larry Page for his excellent help to improve the text. Also we would like to thank all contributors to the Biodiversity Heritage Library in making our task to check the literature a little easier. This study was partially facilitated by financial support from the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) and the Florida Museum of Natural History. References Aarn [no initial] & Ivantsoff, W. (1996) Descriptive anatomy of Rhadinocentrus ornatus (Osteichthyes, Melanotaeniidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 7 (1), 41–58. [ref. 22302] Aarn & Ivantsoff, W. (1997) Descriptive anatomy of Cairnsichthys rhombosomoides and Iriatherina werneri (Teleostei: Atheriniformes), and a phylogenetic analysis of Melanotaeniidae. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 8 (2), 107–150. [October, ref. 23322] Aarn & Ivantsoff, W. (2009) Description of a new subfamily, genus and species of a freshwater atherinid, Bleheratherina pierucciae (Pisces: Atherinidae) from New Caledonia. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 15 (1), 1–24. [24 January, ref. 30025] Abbott, J.F. (1901) List of fishes collected in the River Pei-Ho, at Tien-Tsin, China, by Noah Fields Drake, with descriptions of seven new species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 23 (1221), 483–491. [25 February, ref. 2] http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.23-1221.483 136 · Zootaxa 3882 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press VAN DER LAAN ET AL. Abraham, K.J., Joshi, K.K. & Murty, V.S.R. (2011) Taxonomy of the fishes of the family Leiognathidae (Pisces, Teleostei) from the west coast of India. Zootaxa, 2886, 1–18. [23 May, ref. 31311] Abramov, A.A. (1987) A new Epigonus