THE PHYSICS The Physics of OF S P Space Security ACE SECURITY A Reference Manual David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund WRIGHT , GREGO , AND GRONLUND RECONSIDERING THE RULES OF SPACE PROJECT RECONSIDERING THE RULES OF SPACE PROJECT 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page ii 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page iii The Physics of Space Security a reference manual David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page iv © 2005 by David Wright, Laura Grego, and Lisbeth Gronlund All rights reserved. ISBN#: 0-87724-047-7 The views expressed in this volume are those held by each contributor and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts and Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, MA 02138-1996 Telephone: (617) 576-5000 Fax: (617) 576-5050 Email:
[email protected] Visit our website at www.amacad.org or Union of Concerned Scientists Two Brattle Square Cambridge, MA 02138-3780 Telephone: (617) 547-5552 Fax: (617) 864-9405 www.ucsusa.org Cover photo: Space Station over the Ionian Sea © NASA 222671 00i-088_Front Matter.qxd 9/21/12 9:48 AM Page v Contents xi PREFACE 1 SECTION 1 Introduction 5 SECTION 2 Policy-Relevant Implications 13 SECTION 3 Technical Implications and General Conclusions 19 SECTION 4 The Basics of Satellite Orbits 29 SECTION 5 Types of Orbits, or Why Satellites Are Where They Are 49 SECTION 6 Maneuvering in Space 69 SECTION 7 Implications of