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Notes Introduction 1. Tribune, December 3, 1943, in Paul Anderson ed. Orwell in Tribune (London: Politico’s, 2006), 57. 2. Margaret Tapster, WW2 People’s War, an online archive of wartime memories con- tributed by members of the public and gathered by the BBC. The archive can be found at bbc.co.uk/ww2peopleswar. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/ww2peopleswar/stories/ 65/a5827665.shtml Accessed May 30, 2013. 3. Paul Addison, No Turning Back: The Peacetime Revolutions of Post-War Britain (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010); Peter Hennessy, Having It So Good: Britain in the Fifties (London: Allen Lane, 2006); David Kynaston Aus- terity Britain, 1945–51 (London, Berlin and New York: Bloomsbury, 2007); David Kynaston, Family Britain, 1951–1957 (London, Berlin, New York: Bloomsbury, 2009); Mark Donnelly, Sixties Britain: Culture, Society and Politics (Harlow: Pearson, 2005); Alwyn W. Turner, Crisis? What Crisis? Britain in the 1970s (London: Aurum Press, 2008); Andy Beckett, When the Lights Went Out: Britain in the Seventies (London: Faber and Faber, 2009); Dominic Sandbrook, Seasons in the Sun: The Battle for Britain, 1974–1979 (London: Allen Lane, 2012); Alwyn W. Turner, Rejoice! Rejoice! Britain in the 1980s (London: Aurum, 2010) and Andy McSmith, No Such Thing as Society: A History of Britain in the 1980s (London: Constable, 2011). 4. British and European resistance to American culture is expounded by Dick Hebdige, Subculture: The Meaning of Style (London and New York: Routledge, 1979); Rob Kroes et al. Cultural Transmissions and Receptions: American Mass Culture in Europe (Amsterdam: VU University Press, 1993) and Rob Kroes, If You’ve Seen One, You’ve Seen the Mall: Europeans and American Mass Culture (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1996). On a global level, Jan Nederveen Pieterse’s, Global Mélange: Globalization and Culture (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2003) and Ethnicities and Global Multiculture: Pants for an Octopus (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2007) takes a similar position by emphasizing the development of hybrid cultures. 5. Richard Pells, Not Like Us: How Europeans Have Loved, Hated, and Transformed American Culture since World War II (New York: Basic Books, 1997), xiv and 333–334. 6. Adrian Horn, Juke Box Britain: Americanisation and Youth Culture 1945–60 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2009), 1. 7. Ibid., 186. 8. Victoria de Grazia, Irresistible Empire: America’s Advance through Twentieth-Century Europe (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2005), 5. 9. H. L. Malchow, Special Relations: The Americanization of Britain? (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011), 5. 188 NOTES 10. Andrei S. Markovits, Uncouth Nation: Why Europe Dislikes America (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2007), 25. Other recent books that analyze cul- tural anti-Americanism include Barry Rubin and Judith Colp Rubin, Hating America: AHistory(Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Russell A. Berman, Anti-Americanism in Europe: A Cultural Problem (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2004); Jesper Gulddal, Anti-Americanism in European Literature (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011); Jean Francois Revel, Anti-Americanism (New York: Encounter Books, 2003) and Barry A. Sanders, American Avatar: The United States in the Global Imagination (Washington DC: Potomac Books, 2011). See also Paul Hollander, Anti-Americanism: Critiques at Home and Abroad, 1965–1990 (London and New York: Oxford University Press, 1992); Paul Hollander, ed. Understanding Anti-Americanism: Its Origins and Impact at Home and Abroad (Chicago: Ivan R. Dee, 2004) and Stephen Haseler, The Varieties of Anti-Americanism: Reflex and Response (Washington DC: Ethics and Public Policy Center, 1985). 11. Ziauddin Sardar and Merryl Wyn Davies, WhyDoPeopleHateAmerica?(Cambridge, UK: Icon Books, 2002); Richard Crockatt, America Embattled: September 11, Anti- Americanism, and the Global Order (London and New York: Routledge, 2003); Mark Hertsgaard, The Eagle’s Shadow: Why America Fascinates and Infuriates the World (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2002) and Julia Sweig, Friendly Fire: Los- ing Friends and Making Enemies in the Anti-American Century (New York: Public Affairs, 2006). See also Ole R. Holsti, To See Ourselves as Others See Us: How Publics Abroad View the United States After 9/11 (Ann Arbor, IL: University of Michigan Press, 2008); Andrew Ross and Kristin Ross, eds. Anti-Americanism (New York and London: New York University Press, 2004); Tony Judt and Denis Locorne, eds. With US or against US. Studies in Global Anti-Americanism (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005) and Andrew Kohut and Bruce Stokes, America Against the World: How We Are Differ- ent and Why We Are Disliked (New York: Times Books, 2006). Max Paul Friedman, Rethinking Anti-Americanism: The History of an Exceptional Concept in American For- eign Relations (Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press, 2012) argues that the notion of a broad opposition to America and Americans is exaggerated and that the use of the concept “anti-American” only obscures valid criticisms of the role the United States plays in the world. 12. Giacomo Chiozza, Anti-Americanism and the American World Order (Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009) and Peter J. Katzenstein and Robert O. Keohane, eds. Anti-Americanisms in World Politics (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2007) see anti-Americanism as a multifaceted belief but divide the concept into too many phenomena to be really helpful. Chapter 1 1. J. B. Priestley and Jacquetta Hawkes, Journey Down a Rainbow (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1955), xi. 2. Harry Hopkins, The New Look: A Social History of the Forties and Fifties in Britain (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1964), 454. 3. James McMillan and Bernard Harris, The American Take-Over of Britain (London: Leslie Frewin, 1968), 32. 4. Paul Johnson, A History of the Modern World from 1917 to the 1980s (London: Weindenfeld and Nicolson, 1983), 693. 5. David Farber, The Age of Great Dreams, America in the 1960s (New York: Hill and Wang, 1994), 8. NOTES 189 6. “Evolution of National Nobel Prize Shares in the 20th Century,” at http://www.idsia.ch/ ∼ juergen/nobelshare.html Accessed August 10, 2012. 7. Andrew Rosen, The Transformation of British Life, 1950–2000 (Manchester and New York: Manchester University Press, 2003), 127 and Correlli Barnett, The Lost Victory: British Dreams, British Realities, 1945–1950 (London: Pan Books, 1996). 8. Brian Harrison, Seeking a Role: The United Kingdom, 1951–1970 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2009), 11. 9. Nicholas J. Cull, The Cold War and the United States Information Agency: American Propaganda and Public Diplomacy, 1945–1989 (Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008). 10. Benn Steil, The Battle of Bretton Woods: John Maynard Keynes, Harry Dexter White, and the Making of a New World Order (Princeton and Oxford: Princeton University Press, 2013). 11. Robert J Donovan, The Second Victory: Marshall Plan and the Postwar Revival of Europe (New York: University Press of America, 1987). 12. Alan S. Milward and George Brennan Britain’s Place in the World: A Historical Enquiry into Import Controls, 1945–60 (London and New York: Routledge, 1996), 196–198. 13. Roy Porter, London: A Social History (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1995), 325; McMillan and Harris, The American Take-Over of Britain, 7 and 14, and John H. Dunning, U.S. Industry in Britain (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1976), 9. 14. Peter Masson and Andrew Thorburn, “Advertising: the American Influence in Europe,” in C. W. E. Bigsby, ed. Superculture: American Popular Culture and Europe (Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1975), 96–106. 15. Anthony Sampson, Anatomy of Britain (New York and Evanston, IL: Harper and Row, 1962), 584 and 580. 16. UK Telephone History, http://www.britishtelephones.com/histuk.htm Accessed December 28, 2012. 17. Stephen van Dulken, Inventing the 20th Century: 100 Inventions that Shaped the World (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 18, 30, 58, 64 and 138; Time-Life Books, Inventive Genius (New York: Time-Life Books, 1991), 99, and The Guardian, May 24, 2012, page 36. 18. Michele Brown, The Little History of the Teddy Bear (Stroud, OK: Tempus, 2006). 19. David Parlett, The Oxford History of Board Games (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999), 349–354 and 368–370. 20. A. H. Halsey with Josephine Webb eds. Twentieth-Century British Social Trends (London: Macmillan Press, 2000), 292. 21. Paul Addison, No Turning Back: The Peacetime Revolutions of Post-War Britain (Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 45, 171 and 56. 22. Elizabeth Roberts, Women and Families: An Oral History, 1940–1970 (Oxford, UK and Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 1995), 29. 23. Dominic Sandbrook, Never Had It So Good: A History of Britain from Suez to the Beatles (London: Abacas, 2005), 80. 24. Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World: Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress 1903–2003 (New York: Viking, 2003), xxii. 25. Aldous Huxley, Brave New World (London: Chatto and Windus, 1932). 26. Robert Kanigel, The One Best Way, Frederick Winslow Taylor and the Enigma of Efficiency (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005); Jim Christy, The Price of Power: A Biography of Charles Eugene Bedaux (New York: Doubleday, 1984); Kevin Whitston, “Worker Resistance and Taylorism in Britain,” International Review of Social History 42 (1997), 2, and C. R. Littler, The Development of the Labour Process in Capitalist 190 NOTES Societies: A Comparative Study of the Transformation of Work Organization in Britain, Japan and the USA (London: Heineman Educational Books, 1982), 114–115. 27. Lindy Woodhead, Shopping, Seduction, and Mr Selfridge (London: Profile Books, 2007), 8. 28. Bill Lancaster, The Department Store: A Social History (London and New York: Leicester University Press, 1995), Chapter 4 and David Frost and Michael Shea, The Rich Tide: Men, Women, Ideas and Their Transatlantic Impact (London: Collins, 1986), 214–219. 29. Stephen van Dulken, Inventing the 20th Century: 100 Inventions that Shaped the World (New York: New York University Press, 2000), 50.