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Information and Communication Technologies for Public Use and Interactive-Multimedia City Kiosks MASTER of INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

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Information and Communication Technologies for Public Use and Interactive-Multimedia City Kiosks MASTER of INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Information and Communication Technologies for Public Use and Interactive-Multimedia City Kiosks By Özlem TAŞKIN A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF INDUSTRIAL DESIGN Department: Industrial Design Major: Industrial Design İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir, Turkey April, 2004 We approve the thesis of Özlem TAŞKIN Date of Signature .................................................. 14.04.2004 Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Can ÖZCAN Supervisor Department of Industrial Design .................................................. 14.04.2004 Assist. Prof. Yavuz SEÇKİN Department of Industrial Design .................................................. 14.04.2004 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz ŞENGEL Department of Architecture .................................................. 14.04.2004 Assist. Prof. Yavuz SEÇKİN Head of Department ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Assist. Prof. Dr. A. Can Özcan for his continual advice, supervision and understanding in the research and writing of this thesis. I would like to thank Assist. Prof. Yavuz Seçkin for his advice and support throughout my master’s studies. I would also like to thank Assoc. Prof. Dr. Deniz Şengel for her continuous help in detail from the linguistic point of view. I am grateful to my friend Bilgen Boyacıoğlu for her typing, support, and invaluable friendship, and to my friend Can Kara for his support and unceasing interest. I also would like to thank my family for their patience, encouragement, care, and endless support during my whole education. ABSTRACT This thesis provides framework for consideration of the potential of information and communication technologies for public events and performances for the developing usage of new products, particularly information public kiosks. In the theoretical framework, the concepts and terms of information and communication technology are generally introduced along with the identification of number of major factors such as elements, diversity, necessity and evolution. Moreover, the importance of ICT technologies in urban settings and human behavior in response to this type of technology are investigated through the history of ICT. The concept of the usage of information and communication technology by actual people is particularly emphasized. Not only the utilization of information and communication technology in public space is described but also effective usage of ICT in the public space and information access provided by public products are identified. Figures of ICT systems and related products, their roots in design differences and new tools and products that are common examples of ICT, particularly the use of the information city kiosk, are presented and discussed. Design principles of the public information kiosk, which play a prominent role in the public use of ICT, are established. The analysis of design factors and human-product relations based on user profile, material choices, form, function and location are discussed. Finally, the thesis includes a conclusion that argues that the information city kiosks and their increased public use will designate the new images of the cities. Keywords: information and communication technologies (ICT), interactivity, city kiosk, public use i ÖZ Bu çalışma bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kamusal alandaki kullanımını ve çalışma performansını, gelişen yeni ürünlerin özellikle kamusal bilgi kiosklarının kullanımını gözönüne alan bir çerçevede sunulmuştur.Teorik çerçevede, bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin konsept ve terimleri; bileşenlerinin yanısıra, çeşitlilik, gereklilik ve değerlendirme gibi birçok ana etkenin tanımı doğrultusunda genel olarak sunulmuştur. Dahası, kentsel yerleşimlerdeki bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin önemi ve bu teknolojilere karşı insanların gösterdiği tepki ve davranışlar tarihsel süreçte incelenmiştir. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin aktif bireyler tarafından kullanımı kavramı ise özellikle vurgulanmıştır. Yalnızca bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kamuya ait mekanlardaki kullanımının betimi ortaya konmamış, bilgiye ulaşımı sağlayan kamusal ürünler ve bu ürünlerin etkin kullanımı da tanımlanmıştır. Bilgi ve iletişim sistemlerinin ve ilgili ürünlerin şekli ile bu ürünlerin tasarım farklılıklarını yaratan özellikleri sunulmuş, bunun yanısıra özellikle kent bilgi kiosklarının kullanımı ve sıkça rastlanan örneklerinden yeni araç ve ürünler arasındaki tasarım farklılıklarının ana temaları tartışılmıştır. Bilgi ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımında önemli rol oynayan kamusal bilgi kiosklarının tasarım prensipleri tespit edilmiştir. Tasarım kriterlerinin yanısıra, kullanıcı profili, materyal seçimi, form, fonksiyon ve yer seçim gibi kriterler temelinde incelenen ürün-birey ilişkileri de tartışılmıştır. Sonuç itibariyle, tez kentsel bilgi kiosklarını ve yeni kent imajında artan kullanım biçimini ortaya koymaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: bilgi ve iletişim teknolojileri (bilişim teknolojileri), interaktivite, kent kioskları, kamusal kullanım ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES....................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES......................................................................................................... ix Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Definition of the Problem .......................................................................................... 1 1.2. Aims of the Study ...................................................................................................... 2 1.3. Method of the Study .................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 2 INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ........................... 5 2.1. Information ................................................................................................................5 2.1.1. Data, Information and Knowledge.............................................................. 7 2.1.2. Generation of Information .......................................................................... 8 2.1.3. Digital Representation of Information........................................................ 9 2.1.4. Public Use of Information......................................................................... 10 2.2. Communication........................................................................................................ 11 2.3. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) ............................................ 13 2.3.1. Information Technology Framework........................................................ 15 2.3.2. Humans and Uses of ICT.......................................................................... 16 Chapter 3 PUBLIC USE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES........................................................................................................ 22 3.1 Utilization of ICT...................................................................................................... 22 3.2. ICT-Related Concepts.............................................................................................. 23 3.2.1. Interactivity............................................................................................... 23 3.2.2. Multimedia................................................................................................ 25 3.2.3. Interactive New Media.............................................................................. 25 iii 3.2.4. Accessibility.............................................................................................. 26 3.2.5. Internet...................................................................................................... 27 3.2.6. Cyberspace................................................................................................ 30 3.2.7. Virtual Reality........................................................................................... 31 3.2.8. Telematic-Based System........................................................................... 33 3.3. ICT Systems and Infrastructure ............................................................................... 34 3.3.1. Wireless Technology ................................................................................ 35 3.3.2. Bluetooth Wireless Technology................................................................ 40 3.3.3. ATM Technology ..................................................................................... 41 3.3.4. ISDN ......................................................................................................... 42 3.3.5. Geographic Information System (GIS)..................................................... 43 3.3.6. Global Positioning System (GPS)............................................................. 44 3.3.7. Cellular System......................................................................................... 45 3.4. ICT-Based Devices and New Media Products ........................................................ 46 3.4.1. The Roots of New Media Devices............................................................ 46 3.4.2. Computer .................................................................................................. 48 3.4.3. Interactive Interfaces................................................................................
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