Initial Environmental Examination
October 2011
NEP: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project- Lamahi Town Project
Prepared by Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Ministry of Urban Development for the Asian Development Bank.
CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 30 November 2011)
Currency unit – nepali rupees (NPR) NPR1.00 = $0.1200 $1.00 = NPR83.312
ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank amsl – above mean sea level CMA – Community Medical Auxiliary DI – ductile iron Dia. – diameter DSC – Design and Supervision Consultant DWSS – Department of Water supply and Sewerage EIA – Environmental Impact Assessment EMP – Environmental Management Plan EPA – Environment Protection Act EPR – Environment Protection Rule GI – galvanized iron GoN – Government of Nepal HDPE – high density polyethylene pipe HHs – households IEE – Initial Environmental Examination lpcd – liter per capita per day lps – liters per second MOUD – Ministry of Urban Development NDWQS – National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA – Nepal Electricity Authority NGO – Non Government Organization Nrs. – Nepali Rupees O&M – operation & maintenance OD – outer diameter PMC – Project Management Consultant PMO – Project Management Office TDF – Town Development Fund VAT – Value Added Tax VDC – Village Development Committee WHO – World Health Organization WSSDO – Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC – Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
NOTES
(i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government of Nepal and its agencies ends on 15 July. “FY” before a calendar year denotes the year in which the fiscal year ends, e.g., FY2011 ends on 15 July 2011.
(ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.
This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website.
In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.
Government of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Singhdurbar, Nepal
Final Report on Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) Of Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project Dang District Batch I (Package II) (ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)
October, 2011
Submitted by: Proponent: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
;f/f+z !!! Gf]kfn ;/sf/n] Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}+ssf] cfly{s ;xof]udf cfjfz tyf ef}lts of]hgf dGqfno, vfg]kfgL tyf 9n lgsf; ljefu cGtu{t bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf, cfof]hgf Aoj:yfkg sfof{no dfkm{t klxnf] r/0fdf !@ j6f vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] l8hfO{g sfo{x? eO{/x]sf]] 5 . bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zox? lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ . • Yfk cyjf gofF d'xfg klxrfg u/L vfg]kfgL pknAw u/fpg] . • kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ x]/L Vffg]kfgL k|zf]wg k|0ffnL / kfgL kf]v/Lsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ . • Vffg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] 6ífG;ld;g -d"n_ kfOk nfO{g / ljt/0f kfO{k nfO{gx?sf] lj:tf/ tyf cfjZos ;+/rgfxó lgdf0f ug]{ . • ;/;kmfO{sf sfo{s|dx? h:t} ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno, ;txL 9n, kmf]xf]/ d}nf Aoa:yfkg cflbsfo{xósf] lgdf{0f Plss[t ?kdf ;+rfng ug]{ .
k|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f (IEE) bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf cGt/ut ;+rfng x'g] ndxL zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] nflu tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . k/fdz{bftf sf]O{d]Gsf]ág]kfn k|f=ln=n] ndxL vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ zx/L cfof]hgfsf]] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0f k|lta]bg tof/ ug]{ lhDdf ;lxt OlGhlgol/ö l8hfO{g sfo{ ug{ nufO{Psf] xf] . k|:t't k|lta]bgdf k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ jftfj/l0fo ?kdf >f]t If]q / ;]jf If]qsf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;F:s[tLdf kg{ ;Sg] c;/ af/]df d'Nofúg u/L k|lta]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
k|f:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f (IEE) k|ltj]bgsf] d'Vo p2]:o cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog / cfof]hgf ;+rfngsf] r/0fdf b]vfkg{ ;Sg] ljlaw jftfj/0fLo ;d:of / c;/xóaf6 cfof]hgfnfO{ d'Stkf/L cfof]hgfsf] ;]jfnfO{ lbuf kfg'{ xf] .
k|:t't k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f k|lta]bgsf] cGo pw]Zoxó lgDgfg';f/ 5g\5g\\MM\MMáááá • cfof]hgfIf]qleq /x]sf] ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdfhLs, cfly{s / ;+f:s[tLs kl/l:ytL sf] klxrfg u/L ;+u|xL ug]{ . • cfof]hgfsf] ;sf/fTds tyf gs/fTds ef}lts, h}ljs, ;fdflhs, cfly{s / ;+f:s[lts c;/nfO{ klxrfg ug]{,eljZojf0fL / d'Nof¶ësg ug]{¶¶ . • pknAw ljleGg a}slNks pkfoxósf] klxrfg / cWoog ug]{ . • ;d'bfosf] cfof]hgf;DaGwL d'Vo ;/f]sf/nfO{ plrt ;Daf]wg ug]{ . • Gfs/fTds c;/x?sf] k|efjsf/L d'Nofësg u/L ltgLxósf] ;+k"0f{ ;dfwfg lbg] . • Jfftfj/l0fo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . • Jfftfj/l0fo cg'udg / k/LIf0f of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . • lg0f{o ug]{tx ;Dd cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ubf{ kg{;Sg] jftfj/0Lfo k|efj af/] hfgfsf/L u/fpg] .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. i SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
/fKtL c~rn, bfö lhNnf
k|:tfljt ndxL zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgf /fKtL c~rn, bfö lhNnf, r}nfxL uf= la= ;= cGt/ut kb{5 .
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] xfnsf] l:ytL
xfn ndxL ahf/, b]pk'/ / sf]nxL If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ;d'bfonfO{ ;d6g] u/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;rf+ngdf /x]sf] 5 . b]pk'/ l:yt l8kj]njf6 e'ldut kfgLsf] >f]t k|of]u u/L ;r+fngdf /x]sf] lo vfg]kfgL cfof]hgfx? vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no bfösf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws ;xof]udf ;DkGg ePsf] xf] . xfn lo vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf, vfg]kfgL pkef]Qf ;ldlt dfkm{t ;rf+ngdf /x]sf] 5 . xfn ;rf+ngdf /x]sf cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] nfefGjLt hg;+Vof !$%!# -!@^%( :yfoL j;f]jf; ug]{ / !*%$ c:yfO{ a;f]jf; ug]{_ / hDdf 3/w'/L @##) /x]sf]] 5 eg] o; cfof]hgf cGtut{ xfn **% j6f AolQut wf/f / $ j6f ;fd'bfoLs wf/f ;+rfngdf /x]sf] 5 . xfn ;r+fngdf /x]sf] vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf cGtu{t r}nfxL uf lj ; j8f g+= @, /ftdf6f 8fF8fdf !%) 3=dL= / !% 3=dL= sf] @ j6f kfgLkf]v/L /x]sf] 5 eg] kfO{k nfO{gsf] nDafO{ *%)) dL= /x]sf] 5 . ndxL ahf/sf] hg;+Vof a[l4b/ pRr /xg' / lat/0f kfO{k nfO{gdf r'xfj6 pRr /x[sf]n] ahf/ If]qdf x'g uPsf] kfgLsf] cefjnfO{ dWogh/ u/L vfg]kfgL pkef]Qf ;ldltn] xfn ;r+fngdf /s]sf] b]pk'/ l:yt l8kj]njf6 !&% dL= klZrddf yk ! j6f l8kj]n lgdf{0f ;DkGg u/]sf] ePtf klg l8kj]njf6 kfgLkf]v/L ;Ddsf] 6\fG;ld;g d]g kfO{k nfO{g la5\fpg] sfo{ ;DkGg eO g;s]sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ pQm l8kj]n k|of]udf cfPsf] 5}g .
r}nfxL uf= la= ;= j8f g+= !, $ / ( df vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf ;r+fngdf g/x]sf] sf/0fn] ub{f pQm If]qsf afl;Gbfx? 6\o"aj]nsf] kfgLdf lge{/ /x]sf 5g\ . lo 6\o"aj]nx? sd ulx/fO{df ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ b'lift tyf k|b'lift x'g] ;Defjgf Hofb} /x]sf] 5
cfof]hgf If]qsf] ;/kmfOsf] cj:yf ;Gtf]ifhgs /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] ahf/sf] k|fo ;a} 3/w'/Lx?df ;]lK6s 6}s+ ;lxtsf] zf}rfno /x]sf] 5 cfof]hgf If]qsf] ()% 3/x?df zf}rfno /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf a; kfs{df ! j6f ;fj{hlgs zf}rfno /x]sf] 5 eg] cfof]hgf If]qsf 3/x? Jff6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nfsf] Aoj:yfkg ndxL zx/ lasf; ;ldlt cGtu{t /x]sf] 8lDkö ;fO{6df ug]{ u/LPsf] 5 .
cfof]hgf If]qsf ahf/ If]qdf ;txL 9nsf] (Surface Drain) Aoj:yf /x]sf] 5 .
k|:tfljt cfof]hgfcfof]hgfdfdf ;dfj]z /x]sf] If]qx? / ;+/rgfx?
k|:tfljt ndxL zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/kmfO{ cfof]hgfn] r}nfxL uf lj ; sf] j8f g+= ! -cg{jf / r}nfxL_, j8f g+= @ -ndxL ahf/, sf]nfxL / /ftdf6f 6fpg Knflgö If]q_ j8f g+= # -7'nf] dx/jf, ;fgf] dx/jf / b]pk'/ If]q_ j8f g+= $ -v}/L b]vL b'db'df :s'n ;Dd_, j8f= g+= %, -nFu8L If]q_ / j8f g+= ( -jgufpF _ nfO{ ;d]6b5
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf If]qsf] xfnsf] nfefGjLt hg;+Vof !$%!# -!@^%( :yfoL j;f]jf; ug]{ / !*%$ c:yfO{ a;f]jf; ug]{_ / hDdf 3/w'/L @##) /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] l8hfO{g jif{ -;g\ @)@&_ nfeflGjt hg;+Vof ##(^( x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]qsf] aflif{s hg;+Vof a[l4b/ $=)§ /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfn] e'dLut kfgLsf] >f]tsf] k|of]u ug]{ u/L cfof]hgf l8hfO{g u/LPsf] 5 .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. ii SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
o; cfof]hgfn] b}lgs ?kdf Pp6f l8k 6o"j]naf6 @) ln=k|=;] kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ / ##(^( hg;+Vof -hg ;+Vof %),))) eGbf sd_ nfO{ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ ug]{ ePsf] x'gfn] k|:tfljt cfof]hgf jftfj/0fLo ;+/rgf lgPdfjnL @)$% n] k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sfo{fGjog / To;sf] kl/dflh{t ;g\ @))& nfO{ ;d]t lnO{ k"j{ k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0f ug]{ k|fjwfgcg';f/ ul/Psf] 5 .
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf df ;dfj]z /x]sf] If]qx? / ;+/rgfx?
k|:tfljt cfof]hgf ;dfj]; /x]sf] ;+/rgfx?M ;+/rgfx? sfd laj/0f :yfg l8k j]n e'ldut kfgLsf] >f]t Ulx/fO{M !%) dL= tyf kfO{k b]pk'/, r}nfxL uf lj ;fO{hM #))/@)) dL= dL= ; j8f g+= # Aof; h]g]/]6//uf8{ 3/ h]g]/]6/ /fVg / uf8{ r}nfxL uf lj ; j8f -rf}lsbf/_ sf] nfuL g+= @ / # 6\fG;ld;g d]g l8k 6\o"aj]nsf] kfgL l8= cfO{= kfO{k !%) -@%) b]pk'/ b]vL /ftdf6f nfO{g -@()@ dL=_ kfgLkf]v/Ldf k9fO{ dL dL Aof;sf]M @*)^ dL= / ;Dd, r}nfxL uf lj ; ;s+ng ug{ lh= cfO{= kfO{k !)) dL dL j8f g+= @ / # Aof;sf]M (^dL= ljt/0f nfO{g kfgLkf]v/Ljf6 3/ 3/df l8= cfO{= kfO{k !%) -@%) r}nfxL uf lj ; j8f -%$#@% dL=_ kfgL ljt/0f ug{ dL dL Aof;sf]M !()% dL=, g+= !-% / ( lh= cfO{= kfO{k ^%-!)) dL dL Aof;sf]M @^) dL= / Pr=l8=kL= kfO{k %)-!^)dL dL Aof;sf]M %@!^) dL= kfgLkf]v/L kfgL ;s+ng u/L IfdtfM $)) 3=dL= sf] ! /ftdf6f r}nfxL uf lj -Circular RCC ljt/0f ug{ j6f -Aof;M !!=*% dL= / ; j8f g+= @ Ground water prfO{M $=) dL=_ storage tank) cf/=l;=l;= cf]e/x]8 kfgL ;s+ng u/L IfdtfM !%) 3=dL= sf] ! j6f kfgLkf]v/L ljt/0f ug{ - kfgLkf]v/L prfO{M @)=) dL=_ PO/]6/ kfgLdf clS;hg /ftdf6f r}nfxL uf lj ld;fpg ; j8f g+= @ eNe r}Da//kfO{k ljt/0f nfO{gdf kfgLsf] r}nfxL uf lj ; j8f eNe aS; dfqf ldnfpg g+= !-% / ( ;txL 9n -^$$# aif{ftsf] kfgL / 3/x? ;txL 9nsf] ;fO{hM )=$% r}nfxL uf lj ; j8f dL=_ jf6 lg:sg] kfgL nfO{ dL x )=#) dL / )=() dL x g+= @ / # Aojl:yt tl/sfn] )=^) dL lg:sf;g / la;h{g ug{ :s'n zf}rfnoM % r}nfxL uf lj ; j6f sDkfp08 kvf{n 8lDkö ;fO{6nfO{ ;'/lIft r}nfxL uf lj ; /fVg 6]S6/ vl/b 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf ;s+ng r}nfxL uf lj ; / 9'jfgL ug{
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iii SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
k|ff/lDes jftfj/l0fo kl/If0fsf] k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ lznlznfdf jftfj/l0fo k|efj ;+DaGwL hfgsf/L k|bfg ubf{ ;dfrf/ kq /fli6ío b}lgsaf6 ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt ul/Psf], :yflgo lgsfo uf=lj=;=, :s"nx?df ;"rgf 6f; ug]{ sfo{ u/L ;DaGwL 7fpFsf] d'r'Nsf tof/ ul/of] . o; clt/LQm k|ZgfjnL eg]{, cfof]hgf If]qsf] cWoog e|d0f, :yfgLo ;d'bfo;+u 5nkmn, k"j{ k|ltj]bgx?sf] cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
;+Eefljt jftfj/l0fo k|efj tyf ltgsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfo / ccg'udgg'udg
Kf|:tfljt k|f/lDes jftfj/l0fo k|ltj]bgdf >f]tIf]q / ;]jf If]qdf lgDgfg';f/ kg]{ k|efjnfO{ d'Nofësg ul/Psf]5 . != k"j{ lgdf{0fsf] r/0f @= lgdf{0fsf] r/0f #= ;+rfngsf] r/0f
Dffly pNn]vLt r/0fx?df kg]{ ;Sg] ljleGg jftfj/0fLo c;/x?nfO{ lgDg If]qut ?kdf ljefhg ul/Psf] 5.
!= ef}tLs jftfj/0f @= h}ljs jftfj/0f #= ;fdflhs jftfj/0f $= ;fF:s[[lts jftfj/0f
k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfn] jftfj/0fdf kfg{ ;Sg] k|efj / ltgsf lg/fs/0fsf pkfox? lgDg cg';f/ x'g] 5gM
• cTolws dfqfdf e'ldut kfgLsf] k|of]u ugf{n] hldsf] ;tx efl;g] ;Eefjgf / e'ldut kfgLsf] >f]t b'lift x'g] ;Sg] ;+Eefjgf /xG5.
lg/fs/0fsf pkfpkfooooMMMM e'ldut kflgsf] kof]u ubf{ To; If]qsf] kfgLsf] l/rfh{ x'g] Ifdftf eGbf sd b/n] kfgLsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
• vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgf lgdf{0fug]{ sfo{df hldgsf] :j?kdf s]xL kl/jt{g x'g ;Sg] ;+efjgf b]vLG5.
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM vfg]kfgL k|0fnL sf] ;+/rgfx? ;fj{hlgs hldgdf / vfg]kfgLsf] pkef]tmf ;ldltsf] hldgdf lgdf{0f ul/g] 5 . o:tf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ubf{ jftfj/0fdf gs/fTds c;/ gkg]{ x'G5.
• lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf ljleGg ;+/rgfsf] tyf kfO{k lj5fpg] sfo{sf] nfuL df6f] vGg] tyf k"g]{ sfo{ ubf{ e'Ifosf] ;+Eefjgf jfo" b'lift x'g] ;+Eefjgf, vf]nf gfnf b'lift x'g ;Sg] ;+Eefjgf, WjgL k|b'if0f x'g] ;+Eefjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM vfg]kfgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+/rgfx? lgdf{0f ug{sf] nfuL df6f] vGg] tyf k'g]{ sfo{ ubf{ k"j{ ;fjwfgL ckgfOg] 5 . df6f] vGbf lg:s]sf] df6f]nfO{ k"g k|of]u ul/g] 5 eg] afsL /x]sf] df6f]nfO{ plrt ?kdf Aoj:yfkg ul/g] 5 . jfo" k|b'ifgsf] dfqf gfkg ul/g'sf ;fy}
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. iv SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
;8sdf kfgL 5s{g] sfo{ ul/g] 5 . cfof]hgfdf k|of]u x'g] ;jf/L ;fwgsf ;fy} cGo d]l;g/L pks/0fx?sf] plrt / lgoldt dd{t tyf ;Def/ ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf :yndf /x]sf] Iff/kftx? gfl;g] tyf dfl;g] ;Defjgf /xG5 . lgdf0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/x?sf] sf/0fn] ubf{ jg höudf gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf s'g} klg ?vx?sf] s6fg x'g] 5}g . ;fdfGo dfqfdf Iff/kftx? gfl;g] tyf dfl;g] ;Defjgf /x]sf]n] jftfj/0fdf vf;} gsf/fTds c;/ kg]{ b]lvb}g . lgdf0f{ sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/x? nfO{ jg höu k|j]zdf /f]s nufOg] 5 / ltgLx?sf] vfgf ksfpg OG3gsf] nfuL bfp/fsf] ;êf dlêt]nsf] k|of]u u/fOg] 5 . lgdf{0f :ynsf] vfnL :yfgdf a[Iff/f]kg ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf cfof]hgf If]qdf /x]sf] ef}lts k"jf{wf/x?df Iflt kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{x? ug]{ l;nl;nfdf k"j{ ;fjwfgL ckgfOg] 5, tfkgL s]xL u/L Iflt k'Ug uPdf To:tf ;+/rgfx?sf] dd{t sfo{ ul/g] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df aflx/jf6 sfdbf/x? cfpg ;Sg] x'gfn] o; jf6 To; If]qsf] ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:s[lts If]qdf c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df aflx/jf6 cfPsf sfdbf/x? nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbOg] 5 ;fy} h'jf tyf dlb/f ;]jgdf k|ltaGw nufOg] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;n+Ug sfdbf/x?sf] :jf:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] tyf b'3{6gfsf ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fslg/fs0fsf0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;n+Ug sfdbf/x?sf] :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iffdf ;d'lrt Wofg lbOg] 5 . sfdbf/x? nfO{ :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff ;DalGw cfjZos tflnd lbOg] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DdGg kZrft kfgL ljt/0f ug]{ sfo{df kfgL k|b'if0f x'g] ;Defjgf / Snf]l/gsf] cJojl:yt k|of]un] pkef]Qmfsf] :jf:Yodf k|lts'n c;/ kg]{ ;Defjgf /xG5 .
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgfsf] ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljleGg :yfgdf lgoldt ?kdf kfgLsf] u'0f:t/sf] kl/If0f ul/g] 5 . vfg]kfgL pkef]Qf ;ldltsf kbflwsf/Lx? nfO{ Snf]l/gsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug]{ tyf e08f/0f ug]{ ;DalGw tflnd lbOg] 5 .
• k|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO cfof]hgf cGtu{t lgdf{0f x'g] ;txL 9nsf] laleGg :yfgdf kmf]x/ d}nf hfd eP/ jftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c;/ kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf /xG5 .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. v SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
lg/fs0fsf pkfoM ;txL 9nsf] lgoldt ?kfdf ;kmfO{ ug]{ sfo{ ;r+fng ul/g] 5 .
jftfj/l0fo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf (EMP) tyf nfutM
jftfj/l0fo Aoj:yfkg of]hgf (EMP) nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 . k|:tfljt of]hgf lgdf{0f r/0fdf lgdf{0f Aoj;foL jf6 ul/g] lgdf{0f sfo{sf] cg'udg ul/g] 5 . o;jf6 jftfj/l0fo Go"lgs/0fsf tyf lg/fs0fsf pkfox? nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf nfu' ul/g'sf ;fy} of]hgf ;rf+ng cjwLdf ePsf] jf:tljs jftfj/0fnfO{ cg'dfg ul/Psf] jftfj/l0fo k|efj ;u+ cg'udg tyf t'ngf ul/g] 5 .
jftfj/l0fo k|efj Go"lgs/0fsf tyf lg/fs0f tyf cg'udg cfbL sfo{sf] nfuL cg'dflgt /sd ?M !,#$),)))=)) nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf 5 .
lgisz{ tyf ;'emfjx?
Kf|:tfljt vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfn] dfly pNn]lvt If]qdf jftfj/0fLo k|efj gkg]{ u/L olb k|efj kl/xfn]df tt\ kZrft k|efj sdkg]{ u/L / k/]sf k|efjnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ k|bfg u/Lg] u/L cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog u/Lg] x'bFf o; vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f u/L ;~rfngdf cfP kZrft :yflgo afl;Gbfx?n] ;'/lIft / k|;:t dfqfdf vfg]kfgL kfpg,] ;d'bfosf] :jfYodf ;sf/fTds c;/ kg]{, :yflgo afl;Gbfx?sf] hLjg :t/df ;'wf/ cfpg] / cfof]hgf If]qsf] jftfj/0fdf ;d]t ;sf/fTds c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;}n] k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0fn] g} k'Ug] b]lvG5 / kl/of]hgf sfo{Gjogsf nflu plrt b]lvG5 .
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. vi SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Executive Summary
Background
Government of Nepal (GON) has implemented the Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) with financial assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB) as a grant made available to the project as per the agreement between GoN and the Asian Development Bank (ADB). The main aim of SSTWSSSP is to provide water supply services including augmentation of additional water sources, construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/ service reservoir, rehabilitation or expansion of transmission and distribution systems in required extent. Sanitation services include construction of public toilets, sludge drying bed for septic tank and sludge disposal in the agreed town through an integrated approach. Similarly, wastewater management systems need to be included in the agreed towns. The solid waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service receivers are also included in the town project. The project is based on demand driven and interactive procedure that ensures full participation of the local users’ community in the project formulation, implementation and operation and maintenance. This project will provide water supply and sanitation facilities to about 0.6 million people.
Based upon the framework of the National Urban Policy (2007), the 15-year Development Plan has been updated and small towns have been redefined. About 265 towns (153 in Terai and 112 in hill) with a total population of 3.6 million satisfy these criteria. These towns are developed haphazardly but play vital role in economic linkage between rural area and countries' urban economy and urgently need the improved facilities for better life. This led in conceptualization and formulation of Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Projects (STWSSSP). The Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW) is the executing agency and the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is the implementing agency for the project.
DWSS through the involvement of various consultants and NGOs has successfully completed first and second phase of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd., Kathmandu was awarded a contract for conducting review of detailed design and construction supervision including Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) studies of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Projects. This document covers IEE report of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project.
SSTWSSSP consists of many individual water supply town project covering small towns in different areas of Nepal. Lamahi Town Water Supply Project is one of such under DSTWSSSP. The major structures of the proposed project consist of construction of deep tube well, transmission line, washout, air valve, Aerator (water treatment plant), overhead and ground storage reservoir, distribution system, control valve, house hold connection chamber and community/private taps connection.
Objective of the IEE Study
The objective of carrying out of IEE study is to conduct an environment examination of the proposed project area and its surroundings to identify potential environmental impacts so that
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with suitable mitigation measures, the project can be implemented in an environmentally sound and socio-economically sustainable manner.
The basic objective of IEE is as per the following: • to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the project affected areas (surroundings of Lamahi) • to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio- economic condition of project areas. • to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economic and environmental acceptability to the community • to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available. • to address the major concern of the local community of the project area • to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to improve overall performance of the project. • to prepare environmental monitoring and auditing plans • to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of the proposed project.
In brief, the main purpose of IEE is to help decision makers and implement the project to balance the pressure of immediate gain from exploitation of natural resources with the long term sustainable utilization of resources and the protection of human wellbeing and the environment.
Nature of the Proposal
The proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is classified as Environment Category B based on ADB’s Environmental Categorization thereby requiring only an IEE. The initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has been done as per the checklist suggested by ADB and based on the provisions stated in GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Regulations, 1997(and amendments).
The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Arnahawa and Chailahi); ward no. 2 (Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata Town Planning area); ward no. 3 (Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur); ward no. 4 (Khairi up to Dumduma School); ward no. 5 (Langadi) and ward no. 9 (Bangau Chowk) of the Chailahi VDC.
Baseline Information
The sub-project area is an emerging small town, and is growing very rapidly as a residential centre. The project area consists of core and densely populated Lamahi bazaar area and the rural and scattered settlement area. The project core is the main trade and economic centre and the land is mostly used for residential purposes. The bazaar is surrounded by the rural settlements pre-dominant with agricultural fields scattered settlement.
The present population in the proposed service area is 14,513 (including 12,659 permanent and 1,854 rentals) in 2,330 HHs. The permanent population of the project at the end of design period of 18 years (1 year survey year + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) is projected as
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24,659 with annual growth rate 4%. The total population in the proposed service area during design year will be 33,969 (including 24,659 permanent and 9310 projected populations for 1235 plots in Ratmata planning area).
There exists a piped water supply system in Lamahi bazaar and villages such as Deupur, Kolahi. The water supply source used in the existing system is groundwater pumped from deep tube well at 121m (i.e. 397 ft) depth. The coverage and the duration of the existing water supply system is minimal and the local people have to depend on shallow tube wells. There is no piped water supply in ward no. 1, 4 and 5 of the Chailahi VDC. Most of the households have shallow tube wells within their premises and thus the chance of water contamination is high in those areas. The water from this tube well also have high iron content making it unsuitable for drinking purpose.
Components of the Subproject
The project shall be using ground water sources. The treatment capacity of the unit for new source is less than 25 lps. Only one tube well of 20 lps capacity is kept in project scope and rest is existing tube well. The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households, and construction of river training works.
The location of the project structures have been decided by the Water User and Sanitation Committee (WUSC) and all are situated in public land. Transmission main and Distribution main passes through earthen road and pitch road crossing in some places. The major structures of the projects are given in the following Table.
Main Components of subprojects Infrastructure Function Description Location Deep Well To extract ground water Depth: 150m and Size: Deupur, Chailahi 300/200mm in diameter W.No: 3 Generator/Guard For generator and guard Deupur, Chailahi House VDC W.No: 3 and 2 Transmission Pipe Line Delivery of water from DI Pipe 150mm dia- 131m, Deupur – Ratmata (2902 m) deep well to storage tank DI Pipe 200mm dia-2675m Town Planning, and GI Pipe 100mmdia- Chailahi VDC 96m W.No: 2 & 3 Distribution Pipe Line Delivery of water from HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to Chailahi VDC, (54325 m) OHT/GRVT to HH 160mm dia – 52160m, GI W.No. 1 – 5 & 9 connection Pipe 65mm dia to 100mm dia – 260m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 250mm dia – 1905m Circular RCC Ground Storage of water Capacity 400m3, Size Existing WUSC’s water storage tank 11.85m dia and 4.0m premises, Ratmata height Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W.No 2 RCC Overhead water Storage of water Capacity 150m3, Tank Existing WUSC’s storage tank (150 cum) height; 20m premises, Ratmata Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W. No. 2
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Infrastructure Function Description Location Aerator For aeration of water Existing WUSC’s premises, Ratmata Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W.No 2 Control valve chamber Control the flow in the Chailahi W.No. 1 – /Pipe valve box distribution pipe line 5 & 9 Sanitation Components Construction Surface To drained surface Size of drain: 0.45m x Chailahi VDC, Drain (6443m and runoff 0.35m to 0.90m x 0.60 W.No. outfall at 6 places of Bagi Khola) Institutional Latrine 5 To excess latrine for Chailahi VDC, nos student W.No 2, 3 and 9 Compound wall for To protect dumping site Chailahi VDC dumping site Purchasing of tractor To transportation of Chailahi VDC solid waste to the dumping site
Another part of the project is Sanitation component. The sanitation component of the project consists of site development of dumping site (stone masonry wall); tractor procurement for solid waste collection and disposal and construction of five institutional toilets and construction of 6443 m storm water drain.
Potential Impacts and Mitigation Measures
The proposed water supply and sanitation project will have minimal negative impacts on environment which can be easily mitigated through adequate mitigation measures. Some of the environmental issues of concern and their mitigation measures are: • Erosion especially during project construction period due to digging and excavation during laying of pipes. Unorganized disposal of excavated earth can disturb the area and could pollute the adjoining Arjun and Rapti rivers. In order to mitigate such impacts the excavated soil will be placed safely against erosion and will be reused during backfilling of the pipe trenches. • Impact on natural vegetation and ecology. For the construction of major project structures and during laying of distribution pipes, existing ground vegetation might be cleared and species habitat might be destroyed. In order to reduce such impacts, vegetation clearance will be avoided as much as possible and whenever possible re-plantation will be carried out. • Risk of pollution of ground and surface water from the sludge and effluents from treatment plants. To mitigate such impacts, the water qualities will be monitored periodically and proper sludge disposal site will be maintained. Based upon the water quality, aerator and disinfection are proposed for water treatment. • Health and safety of construction workers. Workers will be trained on health and safety measures including proper storage and handling of chlorine used for water quality treatment. Safety gears are to be provided and first aid to be located at easily accessible areas.
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Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and Cost
The EMP will be executed in such a way that the contractor is monitored during the construction period so that the mitigation measures specified in the report are implemented during project construction. Provisions will be made so that monitoring activities are conducted regularly and as prescribed. EMP will also ensure that the actual environmental impacts during the period of project operation over the years after the completion of the project are monitored and compared with the predicted impact.
The total cost for EMP, including the cost of monitoring and mitigation measures that will be carried during the implementation of project is estimated to be NRs. 1,340,000.00
Conclusion
It is expected that the proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have minimal environment impacts which can be easily mitigated with careful planning and monitoring measures. The implementation of the project will bring significant improvement in water supply situation and on sanitation facilities of the community thereby improving the overall quality of life. Since, no significant adverse environmental impacts are expected, a full scale EIA is not required and the present IEE study is sufficient.
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Table of Contents
Page Executive Summary ...... i Table of Contents ...... xi Abbreviations & Acronyms ...... xv CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1
1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 1 1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY ...... 2 1.2.1 ADB Policy ...... 2 1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines ...... 2 1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study ...... 4 1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project Rational ...... 4 1.2.5 Approach and Methodology ...... 6 1.2.5.1 Impact Identification, Prediction, Evaluation and Prioritization ...... 7 CHAPTER II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 9
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 9 2.1.1 Type of the Proposal ...... 9 2.1.2 Nature and Types of Goods Delivered ...... 9 2.1.3 Proposed Project ...... 9 2.1.4 Materials to be Used and Year of Accomplishment ...... 10 2.1.5 Emission Resulting from the Implementation of the Project ...... 11 2.1.6 Energy to be Used ...... 11 2.1.7 Human Resources Requirement/Employment Generation ...... 12 2.1.8 Resources Required ...... 12 2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA ...... 13 2.2.1 Location and Accessibility ...... 13 2.2.2 Geology and Soils ...... 13 2.2.3 Climate and Air Quality ...... 13 2.2.4 Population and Communities ...... 14 2.2.5 Health Facilities ...... 15 2.2.6 Educational Facilities ...... 16 2.2.7 Socio-economic Conditions (community structure, family structure, social well-being) ...... 16 2.2.8 Employment Status ...... 17 2.2.9 Resettlement Issues ...... 17 2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE ...... 18 2.3.1 Water Supply ...... 18 2.3.2 Sanitation ...... 19 2.3.3 Drainage ...... 19 2.4 SERVICE AREA ...... 19 2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT ...... 20 2.6 SOURCE OF WATER ...... 21 2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES ...... 21 2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS ...... 21 2.9 PIPE LINES ...... 21 2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE ...... 21 2.10.1 Generator/Pump House ...... 21 2.10.2 Operator/ Chaukidar Quarter ...... 21 2.10.3 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building ...... 21 2.10.4 Electrical Facilities ...... 22 2.10.5 Chambers ...... 22 2.10.6 House Connection and Community Tap ...... 22 2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS ...... 22 2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT ...... 23
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2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ...... 25 2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES ...... 26 2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED ...... 26 2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS ...... 26 2.16.1 Land acquisition ...... 27 2.16.2 Construction of Deep Tubewell ...... 27 2.16.3 Installation of Pumps and Electrical Facilities ...... 27 2.16.4 Construction of Service Reservoir ...... 27 2.16.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing Including Earthwork ...... 27 2.16.6 Construction of House Connections ...... 28 2.16.7 Raw Materials to be Used ...... 28 2.17 DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY ...... 28 CHAPTER III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 30
3.1 WATER RESOURCES ...... 30 3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES ...... 31 3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas ...... 31 3.2.2 Flora ...... 31 3.2.3 Fauna ...... 31 3.2.4 Physical or Cultural Heritage ...... 31 3.2.5 Slums and Squatter Settlements ...... 32 3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH ...... 32 3.3.1 Land Use ...... 32 3.3.2 Infrastructure ...... 32 3.3.3 Economic Characteristics ...... 33 CHAPTER IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 35
4.1 WATER SUPPLY ...... 35 4.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase ...... 35 4.1.2 Construction Phase ...... 36 4.1.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase Impacts ...... 43 4.2 DRAINAGE WORKS ...... 44 4.2.1 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 44 4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 45 4.4 MITIGATION COST ...... 50 CHAPTER V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS ...... 51
5.1 PROJECT LOCATION ALTERNATIVE ...... 51 5.2 PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVE ...... 51 5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE & CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE ...... 51 5.4 NO ACTION OPTION ...... 52 5.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ...... 52 5.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT OPTION ...... 52 CHAPTER VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 53
6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION ...... 53 6.2 INDIVIDUAL/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED ...... 53 6.3 COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED ...... 54 CHAPTER VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 55 CHAPTER VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ...... 56
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ...... 56 8.1.1 Objectives of the EMP ...... 56 8.2. MITIGATION AND MONITORING ...... 56 8.2.1 Monitoring Indicators...... 56 8.2.2 Types of Monitoring ...... 57 8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 57 8.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during different phases of Project Implementation ...... 57
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8.3.2 Mechanism for Monitoring ...... 62 8.3.3 Monitoring Cost ...... 62 8.3.4 Modality of Operation ...... 62 8.3.5 Environmental Procedures and Institutions ...... 63 8.3.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures ...... 64 8.3.7 Documentation and Reporting ...... 64 8.3.8 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates ...... 65 CHAPTER IX: CONCLUSION ...... 69 REFERENCES ...... 70
List of Tables:
Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project...... 5 Table 2.1: Components of Projects...... 9 Table 2.2: Capacities of Pumps used...... 11 Table 2.3: Annual personnel expenditure for operation...... 11 Table 2.4: Annual cost for operation and maintenance...... 11 Table 2.5: Demography of the project area...... 13 Table 2.6: Age group of the population...... 14 Table 2.7: Distribution population by educational status by wards (6 years and above)...... 15 Table 2.8: Ward-wise distribution of educational institutions...... 15 Table 2.9: Distribution of population by sex and family size...... 16 Table 2.10: Distribution of households by migration...... 17 Table 2.11: Resettlement Plan...... 17 Table 2.12: Population coverage...... 19 Table 4.1: Physical environmental issues and impacts...... 35 Table 4.2: Biological environmental issues and impacts...... 37 Table 4.3: Socio-economic and cultural environmental issues and impacts...... 39 Table 4.4: Details of land required by the project components...... 40 Table 4.5: Types of impacts, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost...... 44 Table 4.6: Mitigation cost...... 48 Table 6.1: Key people stakeholders contacted during public consultation...... 52 Table 8.1: Types of mitigation measures, monitoring parameters, responsibilities and cost...... 56 Table 8.2: Environmental monitoring cost...... 60 Table 8.3: Environmental management roles and responsibilities of different parties...... 61 Table 8.4: Cost for EMP...... 63 Table 8.5: Cost of water supply component...... 64 Table 8.6: Cost of sanitation component...... 65
List of Figures:
Fig-2.1: Work Schedule ...... 14 Fig-7.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 53
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ANNEXES: Annex-I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist of Water Supply Annex-II: General Layout of Reservoir Bore hole, Pump House/Generator House Annex-III: Project Location Map Annex-IV: Public Notice, Muchulka, Recommendation Letter and Focus Group Discussion Annex-V: ToR Approval letter and IEE Terms of Reference Annex-VI: Water Quality Report Annex-VII: Air Quality Standards, Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056, National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (As per Urban Environment Guidelines, 2068) Annex-VIII: Comments and Responses
Abbreviation Used ADB : Asian Development Bank amsl : Above Mean Seal Level DI : Ductile Iron Dia. : Diameter DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EPA : Environmental Protection Act EPR : Environmental Protection Rule GI : Galvanised Iron GoN : Government of Nepal HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe HHs : Households IEE : Initial Environmental Examination lpcd : Litre per capita per day lps : Litre per second MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority NGO : Non-government Organization Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees O&M : Operation and Maintenance OD : Outer diameter PMC : Project Management Consultant PMO : Project Management Office SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TDF : Town Development Fund VAT : Value Added Tax VDC : Village Development Committee WHO : World Health Organisation WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
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Chapter I: INTRODUCTION
1.1 NAME AND ADDRESS OF INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTION PREPARING THE REPORT
1. The project proponent, Project Management Office (PMO) of Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project (SSTWSSSP) Under Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) of Government of Nepal (GoN) is responsible for conducting present IEE study of the project. COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. has been contracted to work on the behalf of PMO to conduct IEE studies and prepare IEE report by using all prevalent guidelines, acts, policies and rules.
2. The name and address of institutions responsible for conducting and preparing IEE report are:
• Name of the proposal: Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project
• Name and address of the proponent
Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Government of Nepal
• Address of the Proponent
Panipokhari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
• Consultant preparing the report
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. Ksitiz Marga, Shankhamul Post Box No. 19961, Kathmandu, Nepal Tel/Fax: 977-1-4784558 E-mail: [email protected]
COEMANCO-Nepal (P) Ltd. 1 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP
1.2 BASIS AND EXTENT OF THE IEE STUDY
1.2.1 ADB Policy
3. As per ADB guidelines on Environment Assessment requirements, this project is classified as Environment Category B and an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is required as per the checklist suggested by ADB. Similarly based on rules pertaining to GoN’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997, an IEE is necessary for the proposed project.
1.2.2 National Laws, Policies, Acts, Regulations, Standards and Guidelines
4. Following Acts, Policies, Laws, Rules, Directives and Guidelines have been reviewed and evaluated during the preparation of IEE report of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project.
Law
i) Interim Constitution of Nepal 2063 B.S. (2007 A.D.)
The Constitution requires the state to give priority to the protection of environment and prevention of further damage to the environment due to development activities and to take special measures for protection of wildlife, vegetation and forests. In response to the emerging situation of environmental problems and realization of benefits, adoption of IEE/ EIA as a planning and management tool to be applied in development planning and administration was made mandatory to prevent further damage.
Policies
ii) National Conservation Strategy (NCS) for Nepal 2044 B.S. (1988 A.D.)
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) was endorsed by GoN in 1988. It emphasizes the need for sustainable development and stressed on interdependence of conservation and development.
iii) National Environmental Policy and Action Plan, 2052 B.S. (1996 A.D.)
The National Environmental Policy and Action Plan were endorsed by the Government in August. 1993. It is a plan of the government's endeavour to incorporate environmental concerns into the country's development process. This identifies alteration of ecology from riverine to take destruction of forests and wildlife, threats to migratory aquatic species and climatic change.
Acts and Regulation
iv) Water Resources Act, 2049 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
This act has been enacted to make arrangements for the national utilization, conservation, management and development of water resources in Nepal. As per the section 8. sub-section 1 of the Act, "a person of corporate body desiring to conduct survey or utilizing water resources will
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be required to submit an application to the prescribed officer or authority along with the economic, technical and environmental study report and with other prescribed particulars."
Section 18, 19 and 20 at the Act deal with water quality standards, water pollution and adverse effect on the environment. Section 20 of the Act states that "while utilizing water resources, it will be done so in such a manner that no substantial adverse effects be made on the environment by way of soil erosion, flood, landslides or similar other cause".
v) Land Acquisition Act, 2034 B.S. (1977 A.D.)
The Land Acquisition Act authorizes the government to acquire land for public purposes. While requiring compensation for the private landowner, the Act, however, does not specify that the compensation must be at market value. The Land Acquisition Guidelines, 1993 was prepared under the Act and has categorized the affected people as Project Affected Families (PAF). The compensation should be based on market value for building materials, labour cost and plinth area of the house.
vi) Forest Act, 2049 B.S. (1993 A.D.) and Forest Regulation, 2050 B.S. (1995 A.D.)
Forest clearance should follow the regular provision as contained in the Forest Act, 1993 and Forest Regulation, 1995. Article 20 of the Forest Act, 1993 empowers GoN to prepare and implement a work plan for the management of national forest while its article 21 prohibits operating any functions in the government managed forest other than prescribed in the work plan.
Article 68 states that the Act empowers GoN in case of no alternatives, to provide parts of any forest- government, community or private for the implementation of national priority actions with the assurance that it do not adversely affect the environment. In accordance with the provision contained in Rules 12 and 13 of the Forest Rules, 1995, GoN has banned the transportation, export and felling of Chanp, Khayarand Sal.
vii) Industrial Enterprise Act, 2048 B.S. (1992 A.D.)
Industrial Enterprise Act, 1992 under its schedule 4 has defined water supply project as national priority project.
viii) Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 2053 B.S. (1996 A.D.) and Environmental Protection Regulation (EPR), 2054 B.S. (1997 A.D.) and amendments, 2055 B.S. (1999 A.D.)
The Ministry of Population and Environment enacted Environmental Protection Act. This legislation enforced since January 1997 contains provision for carrying out IEE and EIA for development projects in different sector. Consequently, for the elaboration of the articles in the Act, Environmental Protection Regulation 1997 was also enforced. The EPR, 1997 along with its First Amendment in 1999 obliged the proponent to make public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of different stakeholders. The proponent should issue a public notice providing a time of 15 days to seek comments and suggestions on the proposals. The EPR, 1999 also obliged the proponent to include all relevant environmental issues in the scoping report for EIA and in the Terms of Reference (ToR) of IEE before submission for approval.
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Ministry of Environment is responsible for EIA reports whereas in the case of IEE, concerned ministry is responsible.
Standards and Guidelines
ix) National Environmental Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2050 B.S. (1993 A.D.)
The National EIA Guidelines were endorsed by GoN in September 1992 and gazetted in June 1993. As per this guideline, only IEE is sufficient for water supply and sanitation projects like Lamahi.
x) Water Resources Sector EIA Guidelines, 2054 B.S. (1996 A.D.)
Based on the National EIA guidelines, EIA guidelines for the water resources sector has been developed by the Ministry of Water Resources.
1.2.3 Objectives and Scope of the Environmental Study
5. The main objective of carrying out IEE study is to investigate the environmental implication of the proposed project so that the project can be implemented in an environment friendly and socio- economically sustainable manner.
Some of the specific objectives of the IEE are as the following: • to identify physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural baseline conditions of the project affected areas (surroundings of Lamahi); • to investigate the major environmental impacts both adverse (negative) and positive resulting from construction and operation of the project on the ecology and socio- economic condition of project areas; • to identify the environmental benefits of the project as well as its economical and environmental acceptability to the community; • to identify and analyze the alternatives from the various relevant options available; • to address the major concern of the local community of the project area; • to propose mitigation measures for minimizing the adverse environmental impacts to improve overall performance of the project; • to prepare environmental monitoring and management plans; • to inform decision-makers and interested parties about the environmental implication of the proposed project. • To prepare IEE report as per EPR-2054.
6. In brief, the objective of carrying out of IEE study is to investigate the environmental implication of the proposed project so that the project can be implemented in an environmentally and socio- economically sustainable manner.
1.2.4 Relevancy of the Project Rational
7. The proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project is classified as environment Category B project as per Guidelines for Environmental Assessment of Project Impacts of Asian
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Development Bank (ADB). Hence in accordance with ADB's Environmental Assessment Requirements and Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009)for Selected Infrastructure Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) has to be carried out.
8. According to the provisions stated in the Environmental Protection Act 1996 and Environmental protection Regulations 1997 (including amendments 1999 and 2007) for the water supply schemes, the proposed project needs to undertake and IEE study based on Rule 3, Annex 1 and 2 of the EPA and EPR. The revised environmental rule published on 20 Sept, 2007 has also been used to determine the criteria for the IEE of the project. The screening criteria (Table 1.1) for the application of IEE or EIA are clearly mentioned in the schedule 1 and schedule 2 of EPR. The points of the schedule determined whether the project should undergo IEE or EIA
9. One the basis of the desk study of the various related literature and field study data, the structure components of the project including deep well lie in the semi urban area and most of the pipe line of the proposed system passes along the existing road tracks. Since the proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to a population range between 5000 to 50,000 through a ground water source that has a discharge of less than 25 lps, the project falls within IEE threshold limit. The water quality complies with the National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS) (Annex-VI), thereby requiring treatment plant from new deep tube well. The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households is not involved and construction of river training works is not required.
10. In this way, all the criteria lie within the range of schedule 1 of EPR. As per the ADB's Environmental Assessment Requirement and Environment Guidelines for selected infrastructure development project and GoN’s EPR 2054, only Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) is sufficient for proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project.
11. As per EPR, in order to conduct the IEE, the proponent has to prepare the Terms of Reference (TOR) and submit to Ministry of Physical Planning and Works for approval through Department of Water Supply and Sewerage. The purpose of preparation of TOR is to define the studies that will be conducted to prepare IEE report and identify the environmental issues to be looked in the IEE report. The TOR for this IEE work was approved by MPPW on Magh 27, 2067
12. The following Table 1.1 compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.
Threshold limit for conducting IEE Report
13. According to Environmental protection Guidelines, 2054 BS, First Revised (2055 BS) schedule-3, Work–Schedule of Initial Environmental Examination of Drinking water are:
Table 1.1: Threshold limit for conducting IEE and status of the project For Proposed water Description supply project 1) Collection of rain- water not more than 200 hectares, and use of Not applicable water sources (springs and wetlands) located within the same area. 2) Surface water sources with not more than 1 cubic ft. Safe yield and Not applicable supply of not more than 50 percent of the water during the dry season No treatment plant 3) Processing of water at the rate of 10 to 25 liters per second. required, only simply
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For Proposed water Description supply project gravel aerator is proposed. IEE is required. 4) Recharging up to 50 percent of the total aquifer for the development Not applicable of underground water source. 5) Construction of not more than one kilometer long tunnels for Not applicable carrying water 6) Displacement of not more than 100 persons for operating a water Not applicable supply scheme. 7) Settlement of not more than 500 persons on the upper reaches of Not applicable water sources Within the limits 8) Supply of drinking water to population ranging between 5000 and (Design Population is 50000 33,969) 9) Supply of drinking water to a population ranging between 10000 and Not applicable 100000 and connection of new sources 10) Installation of more than 20 kilometers long electricity transmission lines for pumping or processing water and consumption of more than Not applicable one mw of electricity. 11) River training and diversion activities over an area of more than Not applicable one kilometer. (Source: ’Environment Protection Act, 2054 and Environment Protection Regulation 2054’’)
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
14. The proposed Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project is classified as environment “Category B” project as per Environment Policy of Asian Development Bank (ADB). Hence in accordance with ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) for Selected Infrastructure Development Projects, an Initial Environmental Examination Study has to be carried out.
1.2.5 Approach and Methodology
15. The present Initial Environmental Examination report has been prepared based on the approved Terms of Reference (TOR) by the Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, of the Government of Nepal. The procedures followed for current IEE study are in accordance with the provisions stated in ADB’s Environmental Guidelines and the GON’s Environmental Protection Act, 1996 and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997
16. ADB’s Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) checklist was complete for the proposed project and Environmental Categorization of the project was decided. Based on the checklist and environmental categorization, the proposed project has been classified under category B of ADB’s environmental classification, which depicts that the project has insignificant environmental impacts and requires only an IEE.
17. The study team visited the site to identify the potential impacts, both positive and negative, of the project. During the visit, the team met local people of different sectors and conducted meetings, brainstorming sessions, field examinations, and data gathering and processing for the purpose. The team also made walk through and meandering survey of project area to identify the environment structure and potential areas which needs to be taken in to account.
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18. The specific methods used for collecting the required information and conducting the IEE study are as follows:
• Literature review: The published and unpublished relevant information and literatures were extensively reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited to; topographical maps, publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office, and NGOs. The reports related to the water supply and sanitation scheme (e.g. Feasibility, detailed design Report, consultation report and any other relevant report) were thoroughly reviewed in preparing IEE report. • Delineation of geographical boundary of the influence area on the topo-map It is necessary to specify area that shall be covered for assessment of environmental impacts so as to avoid future confusion. Depending upon nature and extent of expected impact area the geographical area is categories into Direct Impact Area (DIA) and Indirect Impact Area (IIA). Direct Impact Area (DIA) The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Arnahawa and Chailahi); ward no. 2 (Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata Town Planning area); ward no. 3 (Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur); ward no. 4 (Khairi up to Dumduma School); ward no. 5 (Langadi) and ward no. 9 (Bangau Chowk) of the Chailahi VDC. This area is delineation as Direct Impact Area (DIA) Indirect Impact Area (IIA) The area around the DIA which may be indirectly affected due to the Project implementation activities such as mobility of people, equipment, vehicles, noise, vibrations, dust etc. is categorized as the indirect impact area. North part of East West highway of Chailahi VDC ward no.- 1, 2, 3 (Kulmohar) and 9 (Narayanpur), Chailahi VDC ward no 6 (Gurjhawa), 7 (Thulo Ghumna, Sano Ghumna), 8 (Majhgaun) and Tukuligadh of Sonapur VDC are the delineation as Indirect Impact Area (IIA). • Walk-through survey: A walk-through survey of the service area was done to inspect and understand the project components and the environmental features of the surrounding areas. Necessary measurements were noted and discussed with the local stakeholders. • Questionnaire & Checklist: As a part of desk study. A check list was used to gather the information on physical and biological parameters. (Annex-I) • Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The discussions have been held during field visit regarding environmental aspects. The relevant stakeholders and the members of the local communities were consulted and a FGD was organized in order to understand their views and opinions. The discussion made during FGD is given in Annex-IV.
1.2.5.1 Impact Identification, Prediction, Evaluation and Prioritization
19. The information collected from different sources was processed and analyzed according to the physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment within the zone of influence. The collected secondary data were the major sources for verification and cross checking of primary
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data during the field survey. The generated information from primary source was analyzed, tabulated and prioritized.
20. Based on the identification of the impacts, their prediction was done to forecast the changes in local environment. The methods adopted in impact predictions were done by using various methods, such as matrix, trend analysis, cause and effect relationship, expert judgment etc. The assessment of environmental impact was derived exclusively in terms of magnitude, duration and extent. The significance of positive and negative impacts associated with construction and subsequent operation of the proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project were identified, predicted and prioritizations of the seriousness of environmental impacts were evaluated.
21. The consultant has addressed environmental aspects by furnishing information on Physical, Biological, Socio-economic and Cultural Environments. The methods followed for each are given under the respective headings below.
Physical Environmental Assessment 22. Existing environmental constraints and potential impacts in the project area were studied through field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with some of government officials, schools and representatives of the local bodies.
Biological Environmental Assessment 23. The information on biological environment was gathered by reconnaissance survey of the project site and surrounding area. Due attention were paid on vegetation, wild life, and aquatic life of the project area and surroundings. The methods used for the collection of biological information are as follows. • Collection of ethno-botanical information on socio-economically important plant species through consultation with local informants. • Ethno zoological data have been obtained by conducting interviews and discussion with local informants. • Information on local uses of aquatic biota, fish spawning site, migration pattern, and weedy aquatic plants were obtained holding interview with local informants.
Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Assessment 24. Social assessment has been attempted to determine the social implication in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts. The primary data for the initial social assessment, which is an integral part of the initial environmental examination (IEE), were obtained through focus group discussion with communities. Additional data were collected from general documents on the districts and households survey questionnaires.
Evaluation of the Impacts of the Project on the Environment 25. The impacts of the project on environment were conducted by grading in the checklists. The checklist used is given in the Annex I of this report.
1.2.5.2 Overview of IEE Study 26. Following steps were taken by the consultants before preparation of this IEE report • Preparation of ToR and its approval. • Public notification. • Field survey and analysis. • Meetings and gatherings with locals of the project area. • Report Preparation
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Chapter II: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE SUBPROJECTS
2.1.1 Type of the Proposal
27. The Project has been classified as service delivery typed project. The aim of the project is to improve health and quality of life of the people living in the project towns by facilitating drinking water supply facility
28. The service area of the proposed project covers ward no. 1 (Arnahawa and Chailahi); ward no. 2 (Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata Town Planning area); ward no. 3 (Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur); ward no. 4 (Khairi up to Dumduma School); ward no. 5 (Langadi) and ward no. 9 (Bangau Chowk) of the Chailahi VDC.
29. The present population in the proposed service area is 14,513 (including 12,659 permanent and 1,854 rentals) in 2,330 HHs. The permanent population of the project at the end of design period of 18 years (1 year survey year + 2 year construction + 15 years project life) is projected as 24,659 with annual growth rate 4%. The total population in the proposed service area during design year will be 33,969 (including 24,659 permanent and 9310 projected populations for 1235 plots in Ratmata planning area).
2.1.2 Nature and Types of Goods Delivered
30. The project has been conceptualized as a community based approach. Almost half of the project cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community who will also be responsible for operation and management of the system after its completion. The active involvement of the community in the decision making as well as in project implementation and operation has been ensured. After the completion of the project, the local people of the service area will benefit from regular supply clean drinking water and proper sanitation services.
31. Safe drinking water is distributed the local people of the service area in the proposed service area by distribution system. The project will provide 24-hours supply of water of potable water of NDWQS standard within the project area.
2.1.3 Proposed Project
Installed Capacity
32. The proposed project will meet the water supply requirement demand of the year 2027. The total design water demand for the system at the end of design year (2027) is calculated as 4,151,760 lpd. The adopted per capita water demand is 100 LPCD.
Operation time
33. The proposed water supply & sanitation project has been designed to provide 24-hours of reliable and continuous safe drinking water in adequate quantity to the people of service areas.
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2.1.4 Materials to be Used and Year of Accomplishment
34. The proposed system has been designed using Ductile Iron (DI), High Density Polythene (HDP) and Galvanized Iron (GI) pipes. The details of project components are given in table 2.1
Table 2.1: Components of Projects Infrastructure Function Description Location Water Supply Components Deep Well To extract ground Depth: 150m and Size: Deupur, Chailahi water 300/200mm in diameter W.No: 3 Generator/Guard For generator and Deupur, Chailahi VDC House (2 guard W.No: 3 and 2 location) Transmission Delivery of water from DI Pipe 150mm dia- 131m, DI Deupur – Ratmata Pipe Line (2902 deep well to aerator Pipe 200mm dia-2675m and Town Planning, m) and then goes to GI Pipe 100mmdia-96m Chailahi VDC W.No: 2 storage tank & 3 Distribution Pipe Delivery of water from HDPE Pipe 50mm dia to Chailahi VDC, W.No. 1 Line (54325 m) OHT to HH 160mm dia – 52160m, GI – 5 & 9 connection point Pipe 65mm dia to 100mm dia – 260m and DI Pipe 150mm dia to 250mm dia – 1905m Circular RCC Storage of water Capacity 400cum, Size Existing WUSC’s Ground water 11.85m dia and 4.0m height premises, Ratmata storage tank and 1 no – 150 cum existing Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W.No 2 RCC Overhead Storage of water Capacity 150cum, Tank Existing WUSC’s water storage height; 20m premises, Ratmata tank Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W.No 2 Aerator For aeration of water Existing WUSC’s premises, Ratmata Town Planning Chailahi VDC, W.No 2 Control valve Control the flow in the Chailahi W.No. 1 – chamber distribution pipe line 5 & 9 Pipe valve Control the flow in - Chailahi W.No. 1 – distribution pipeline 5 & 9 HH connection Supply water to - Chailahi W.No. 1 – individual house for 5 & 9 distribution Sanitation Components Construction To drained surface Size of drain: 0.45m x 0.35m Chailahi VDC, W.No. Surface Drain runoff to 0.90m x 0.60 (6443m and outfall at 6 places of Bagi Khola) Institutional To excess latrine for Chailahi VDC, W.No 2, Latrine 5 nos student 3 and 9 Compound wall To protect dumping Chailahi VDC for dumping site site Purchasing of To transportation of Chailahi VDC tractor solid waste to the dumping site
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35. The project is designed for design period of 15 years and 3 year have been set for preparation and construction period (1 year for preparation and 2 year for construction), thereby setting the accomplishment year as 2027.
36. Brick, Sand, gravel and river pebbles shall be used as raw materials. This required sand and gravel will used from the Arjun River. Other materials include cement, reinforcement bars, pipe and fitting will be purchased from the market
2.1.5 Emission Resulting from the Implementation of the Project
Solid Waste
37. Excavation in earth in the pipe line trenches, foundation trenches of major structure are the major sources of solid waste. The most of excavated soil will be used in backfilling work of pipe line trenches. Remaining quantity of soil after backfilling will be managed safely around the existing dumping site with better landscape and bank of Arjun Khola.
Air Quality
38. The project area is connected by the access road and the construction materials and equipments need to be transported to the construction site. The vehicle emission will cause air pollution. The excavation and other construction activity will release dust and particulate matters and the vehicle emission will increase in dust constructions that cause air pollution. However, all these effects will be temporary and will last during construction period only, which will be mitigated by sprinkling water on gravel road.
Noise and Vibration
39. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical equipment may have some impact to the workers but not significant effect to the local community. Therefore, the noise and vibration levels generated during the construction period are negligible.
2.1.6 Energy to be Used
40. Distribution system of the proposed system is operated on gravity, whereas electrical power will be used for the pumping of ground water to the service reservoir (ground and overhead)
41. The 11 kV transmission line through an 11/0.4 kV -160KVA and 50 KVA step down transformer to supply electrical power at existing tube well site Deupur and WUSC premises Ratmata respectively. A three-phase power line will connect the control panel to the pump. A 160 KVA generator at tube well site Deupuer and 50KVA generator at WUSC premises Ratmata has been designed with generator house for the emergency use when there is NEA power failure. The control panel for generator and pumps will be installed in generator house at both locations.
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Table 2.2: Capacities of Pumps used 11 KV line Electrical Systems Generator Pumps and Remarks Panels transformer Lamahi 160 kVA, 45 Hp = 2 nos, Pump 160 kVA, 400V – 1 30 Hp = 3 nos & Control 11kV/415V, nos & 10 Hp = 3 nos Panel 3-phase, 50 50 kVA, (MCP) – 2 Hz – 1 nos 400V – 1 set nos
2.1.7 Human Resources Requirement/Employment Generation
42. Numerous skilled, semi skilled and unskilled manpower are required for the construction work which is expected to last for 2 years. These are the figures which area counted as directly employed and indirect employment opportunities for the collection and delivery of local materials are also be generated in significant numbers.
43. Human Resources and annual expenditure required for smooth operation and maintenance for water supply and sanitation system is shown in Table 2.3 and Table 2.4.
Table 2.3: Annual personnel expenditure for operation SN Description of Items Nos Rate/Month (Nrs.) Months Total (NRs) 1 Civil Overseer 1 15,200.00 13 197,600.00 2 Administrative Clerk 1 11,300.00 13 146,900.00 3 Accountant 1 10,000.00 13 130,000.00 4 Pump Operator/ system 3 8,500.00 13 331,500.00 operator 5 Meter Reader 2 8,500.00 13 221,000.00 6 Maintenance Worker/ 2 8,500.00 13 221,000.00 Plumber 7 Watchman 3 8,200.00 13 319,800.00 8 Peon 1 8,200.00 13 106,600.00 Total (Nrs.) 1,674,400.00
Table 2.4: Annual cost for operation and maintenance SN Unit Amount (NRs) 1 Chemical, Fuel and Electricity 2,467,344.59 2 System maintenance 804,336.15 Total (Nrs.) 3,271,680.74
44. The total annual (Base Year 2013) cost for operation and maintenance for the water supply system is Rs. 4,946,080.74. It is assumed that the cost will be increased @ 3% per year.
2.1.8 Resources Required
Total capital of the project (Water Supply Components) 172,985,115.78 Cost Breakdown GoN (50%) 86,492,557.89 TDF loan (45%) 77,843,302.10 Community contribution cash (5%): 8,649,255.79
Total capital of the project (Sanitation Components) 43,152,005.22
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Cost Breakdown GoN (85%) 36,679,204.44 Contribution from Local bodies/ users (15%) 6,472,800.78
Land area • For New Deep Well: 1 Kattha (1 Kattha = 338.755 sqm) • Storage tank & Aerator: 6 Kattha (1 Kattha = 338.755 sqm Building and there types: Lab building, Guard house Machinery and tools: - RCC components will be constructed by using concrete mixture machine, concrete vibrator, - Deep boring will be constructed with the help of Deep boring machine mounted on truck - Other hand tools like hammers, saw, speed cutter will be used
2.2 DETAILED PARTICULAR OF THE AREA
2.2.1 Location and Accessibility
45. The town of Lamahi is situated in the inner Terai region of Nepal on the foothill of the Churia range. Topographically the town lies between 27°52' 15" N latitude and 82°32'15" E longitude and altitude ranging between 243m to 290 m. The Churia hill which is covered with forest is located in the north of the project area. The town lies in the East West Highway, 24 km south from Ghorahi, the district head quarter of the Dang district. The location of the project area is shown in Annex III.
46. The proposed service area has two distinct parts. Northern area is adjoining the East-West Highway and the southern area is adjoining the Rapti and Arjun Rivers. The northern area, which is a foothill of Churia hill, has higher slopes in comparison with the southern part which is flat river flood plain.
2.2.2 Geology, Soils and Seismology
47. The geological features of the project area consist of boulders and coarse gravel-mixed red-soil commonly found in the highway adjoining the foothill area. In the flood plains of the Rapti and Arjun Rivers, the soil is finer and sticky either black or yellow silt. The area around the sources and the proposed reservoir site are stable without any apparent landslides.
2.2.3 Climate and Air Quality
48. The climate of the project area is tropical. The maximum monthly rainfall of the area is 827mm, which is significantly less than 1,400 mm the average precipitation of Nepal. Rainfall follows the general trend of the country, with about 80 % of the precipitation occurring during the four rainy months of June, July, August and September. January is the coldest month with estimated mean minimum temperature of 7° C, and May and June are t he hottest month with the mean maximum temperature of 31° C.
49. The Lamahi Bazaar of the service area adjoins the highway. The houses, restaurants and shops adjoining the highway are exposed to traffic generated dusts and vehicular emission. However, this is yet not a severe problem. The ambient air quality in the rest of the locality is generally
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good. Indoor air pollution occurs due to use of firewood, traditional stove, and absence of proper ventilation in the houses.
2.2.4 Population and Communities
50. The total population of the service area is estimated to be permanent population 12,659 and temporary/floating population 1854.Among them ward number 2 holds the largest number of population (e.g. 60.16 %of the total). The rental population residing in the project area is estimated to be 1,854 which is 14.64 % of the total population. The rental population is concentrated mostly in ward number 2 (e.g. about 91 %of total rental population). The population of the project area is estimated to be increasing at an annual growth rate of 4.0 percent, which is higher than the national average population growth rate (2.24%), average growth rate of Terai region (2.62%), average growth rate of mid- western Terai region (2.8%); and average growth rate of Dang district (2.66%) during 1991 -2001.Out of total population, 49.9 % are female and the male female ratio is 1.004. The average family size in the project area is 5.43 which is less than district average (i.e. 5.6 based on 2008 projection).
51. The service area of the proposed project is the main residential area of migrants' population from the surrounding VDC and districts. Access to road and transportation, education and health facilities, fertile agriculture land, income generation opportunities are some of the factors that are attracting poor people from the hill towards the project area. The following Table 3.1 shows the demographic information in the proposed service area.
Table 2.5: Demography of the project area
Projected Total
Total Total Ave. Popn for Permanent Total Surveyed Perma Rented Permanent HH
VDC Male HH Empty Popn inc.
Ward Empty Empty
HH HH Female nent Popn Popn Size HH Rental Popn Chailahi 1 258 251 695 687 1382 24 5.51 7 38 1420 1444 Chailahi 2 1394 1292 3532 3563 7068 1684 5.47 101 548 7616 9300 Chailahi 3 347 341 905 940 1845 62 5.41 6 33 1878 1940 Chailahi 4 71 70 195 187 382 5 5.46 1 5 387 392 Chailahi 5 97 97 262 250 512 17 5.28 0 0 512 529 Chailahi 9 164 154 388 403 791 62 5.14 10 54 845 907 Grand Total 2330 2205 5977 600. 1980 1854 5.43 125 679 12659 14513 (Source: Households survey, 2010)
52. The population of the service area is estimated to be increasing at the annual growth rate of 4 percent, which is significantly higher than the national average growth rate (2.6), average growth rate of Terai (2.62%), average growth rate of Mid-western Terai (2.8%) and average growth rate of Dang district (3.06%). Out of the total population 49.9 percent are female. The average family size in the project area is 5.43 .The age-wise population is kept in Table 2.6.
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Table 2.6: Age group of the population VDC/ Less than 5 years 6- 15 years 16 - 60 years 61 Years and above Total Wards Chailahi 1 148 8.53 504 29.05 1014 58.44 69 3.98 1735 100 2 500 9.90 1086 21.50 3207 63.50 257 5.09 5050 100 3 203 8.94 518 22.82 1431 63.04 118 5.20 2270 100 4 20 5.01 82 20.55 280 70.18 17 4.26 399 100 5 30 5.30 137 24.20 373 65.90 26 4.59 566 100 9 44 6.76 158 24.27 426 65.44 23 3.53 651 100 Total 945 8.86 2485 23.29 6731 63.08 510 4.78 10671 100 Source: Households survey 2010.
Fig. 2.1: Age group of population
Age group of population 70.00% 63.08%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% 23.29%
20.00% 8.86% 10.00% 4.78%
0.00% Less than 5 Years 5 - 15 Years 15 - 60 Years 60 Years and Above
53. Except the projected population for empty households and rental population, remaining local population of the service area has been categorised into four major groups. Population of age below 5 years is found 8.86 % which are the population of infants or children. Population belonging to age group between 6- 15 years is to be about 23.29 % who are mainly school going children. It shows that more than a quarter population of the service area is dependent on someone else and they are not contributing to household income. More than two-third (63.08 %) population belongs to age group 16-60 years, which are economically active population. Population of age 60 years and above is only about 4.78%. The sampled survey found that nearly one-third (e.g. 33.1%) population is dependent and they are economically inactive
2.2.5 Health Facilities
54. There is one Primary Health Centre, one Health Post, one Eye Hospital and one private community health centre within the project area. The most preferred method of treatment is the hospital or health post as about 60 % people prefer to go to hospital or health post for their treatment. Nearly 76 %household reported that they depend on home treatment measures and around 27.76 % households visit priest/ dhami/jhankri for their treatment.
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2.2.6 Educational Facilities
55. There are total 10 schools within the project area. The literacy status of the area shows that the population having secondary level of education is the highest (31.10%) followed by primary education (26.20%) and IA or +2 (12.80%) as compared to the population having SLC passed (6%),with Bachelor Degree (4.40%) or Masters degree (1.52%) . Population without any formal education but just literate are about 1.52%. The Table 3.3 shows the distribution of population by educational status
Table 2.7: Distribution population by educational status by wards (6 years and above)
VDC/ Just Literate Primary level Secondary level SLC Passed IA/ + 2 Bachelors Masters Other Total Literate Wards No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % No. % 1 386 30.90 388 31.10 357 38.60 9 0.72 73 5.84 25 2 11 0.88 2 374 10.60 874 24.80 1070 30.40 321 9.11 590 16.70 235 6.67 55 1.56 5 0.14 3524 100 3 215 15.60 387 28.00 468 33.90 81 5.87 163 11.80 31 2.25 35 2.54 1380 100 4 40 16.60 70 29.10 104 43.20 4 1.66 19 7.88 1 0.41 1 0.41 2 0.83 241 100
5 82 20.50 93 23.20 169 42.10 22 5.49 27 6.73 7 1.75 1 0.25 401 100
9 221 42.00 105 20.00 108 20.50 62 11.80 22 4.18 8 1.52 526 100 Total 1318 18.00 1917 26.20 2276 31.10 437 5.97 934 12.80 321 4.38 111 00.52 7 0.10 7321 1100
Table 2.8: Ward-wise distribution of educational institutions Student Teacher Other Staff Total Population Name VDC
Ward Ward Fem Male. Total Fem Male. Total Fem Male. Total Fem Male. Total Prince English School, Chailahi 2 380 170 550 10 13 23 2 2 4 392 185 577 Kolahi Khim B. Shah Ratri Chailahi 3 80 70 150 3 4 7 1 1 83 75 158 Ni.Ma.VI. Kolahi Diwa Pri.School, Kolahi Chailahi 2 300 250 550 9 4 13 1 1 309 255 564 Roya B.School, Lamahi Chailahi 2 250 250 500 8 15 23 2 2 4 260 267 527 Taini Tarsc B. School, Chailahi 3 300 150 450 7 13 20 1 1 2 308 164 472 Lamahi Sunlight B. School, Chailahi 2 300 200 500 10 12 22 1 1 2 311 213 524 Lamahi Adarsha Hi.Sec. School, Chailahi 2 893 682 1575 10 30 40 903 712 1615 Lamahi Deupur Multiple Chailahi 2 266 282 548 17 17 34 3 3 283 302 585 Campus, Deupur Ban Gaun School, Chailahi 2 200 223 423 4 10 14 2 2 204 235 439 Bangaun Dum Duma School Chailahi 9 158 102 260 2 7 9 3 3 160 112 272 Total: 3157 2379 5506 80 125 205 6 16 22 3213 2520 5733 Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.7 Socio-economic Conditions (community structure, family structure, social well-being)
56. The following Table 2.9 shows the community structure of the project area in terms of size of individual household and its members.
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Table 2.9: Distribution of population by sex and family size VDC Ward Total HH Surveyed HH Female Male Average HH size Chailahi 1 258 251 695 687 5.51 Chailahi 2 1393 1292 3532 3536 5.47 Chailahi 3 347 341 905 940 5.41 Chailahi 4 71 70 195 187 5.46 Chailahi 5 97 97 262 250 5.28 Chailahi 9 164 154 388 403 5.14 Grand Total 2330 2205 5977 6003 5.43 Source: Households survey 2010.
57. A large number of households (69.14 percent) are living in project area since by birth and remaining 30.86 percent of total households has migrated from different districts with in last 1 to 20 year span of time. The Table 3.6 shows migration status of the households.
Table 2.10: Distribution of households by migration VDC/ Wards Local Resident Migrated Total
Chailahi 1 194 57.23 145 42.77 339 100 2 827 68.18 386 31.82 1213 100 3 348 78.03 98 21.97 446 100 4 68 83.95 13 16.05 81 100 5 84 80.00 21 20.00 105 100 9 90 61.64 56 38.36 146 100 Total: 1611 69.14 719 30.86 2330 100 Source: Households survey 2010.
2.2.8 Employment Status
58. According to the socio-economic study, about 55.38 percent population are employed and remaining 44.62 percent are unemployed and have no income generating activities. Among the employed population 20.90 percent are engaged in agriculture; 18.3 percent in services, 13.8 percent business; 13.9 percent depend on remittance; 8 percent are daily wage earners and 36.3 percent are engaged in more than one occupation.
• Income
59. Among the total household 34 percent have monthly income above Rs. 10.000; 6.70 percent of household have monthly income below Rs. 3,000; 11.97 percent household have monthly income between Rs. 3,001- 4,500; 12.88 percent HHs have income between Rs. 4,501- 7,500; 26.52 percent between Rs. 7,501- 10,000 and 7.94 percent households did not report income range.
2.2.9 Resettlement Issues
60. The team has critically studied / addressed the possibility of resettlement issues if some people are affected due to the project implementation. Most of the pipeline route passes through the road and public land. All required structures such as washout, collection chamber, etc. are located in public land. The proposed sites for deep tube well, reservoir, treatment plants, lab-building etc.
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are located in public land. There are no houses to be displaced. Thus land acquisition and resettlement problem will not be the issue for Lamahi town project.
61. The following Table 2.11 shows the details of properties, public or private, which are likely to be intercepted during the construction of pipe lines and other components of the project.
Table 2.11: Resettlement Plan Likely Length Property SN VDC Ward Stretch Nature of Compensation (m) Intercept damage 1 Chailahi 3 Existing 1 Kattha land One in WUSC Occupy the Land pump house require for ownership and required area. acquisition not 2 new pump remaining 2 required. New pump house are in public house 1 land 2 Chailahi 3 Transmission 2902m Public land Temporary Not required. Main and earthen road 3 Chailahi 3 Treatment 6 Kattha Existing Occupy the Not required. plant, WUSC required area. reservoir premises at site Ratmata. 5 Chailahi Chailahi Distribution Total 56680m Mostly passes Temporary No, (wards main (existing through damage in Pitch road 1, 2, 3, 4, 2355m, earthen road earthen road cutting should 5, 9) new 54325m) and pitch road and road pitch. be repaired crossing in after pipe some places laying.
2.3 EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND DRAINAGE INFRASTRUCTURE
2.3.1 Water Supply
62. Currently there exists a water supply system covering Lamahi bazar and villages such as Deupur, Kolahi. The source of water used in the existing system is groundwater pumped from deep tube well of 121m (i.e. 397 ft) depth with the pump house located at Deupur. The supply covers ward no 2 and parts of ward no. 3 of the Chailahi VDC. The daily pumping operation time is between 6 AM- 10 AM in the morning and between 12 PM– 6.00 PM in the evening with an average flow of 18lps from the pump. The total beneficiaries from the system are about 8,355 (i.e. about 50% of ward 2 and 3). Since the supply is not adequate, the households fulfil their need from shallow tube wells especially for bathing and washing purposes.
63. There is no piped water supply system in ward no 1- 5 and 9 of Chailahi VDC. People are fetching water from shallow tube well. Most of the houses have their own hand tube well. They draw water whenever they need without any cost. Hence, the actual water consumption is very high. The water from shallow tube well is available at 4-5m depth but the water quality is an issue. It seems that the water contains iron in shallow tube well.
64. There are two reservoirs with 150 and 15 cum capacity situated at Ratmata Danda in the WUSC premises. The first RCC reservoir is constructed partly below and partly above the ground surface. The second CGI sheet reservoir kept on the RCC frame. Water from ground reservoir is pumped into CGI sheet overhead tank. The first reservoir supplies water in bazaar area and villages, where as the second reservoir supplies the water in Ratmata planning area only.
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65. The scheme is functioning well. The length of existing pipe line is about 8,500 m. The HDPE pipes of 40 mm dia. to 160 mm dia. are used in the system. Apparently, the pipe network seems quite good. But the leakages in the pipe occurred at many places. Occasionally, bleaching powder is used for water disinfection. No more treatment facilities are made in the system.
66. Recently, WUSC has constructed another deep tube well (about 113 m deep) at Deupur - 3 about 175m west from the existing deep tube well. Installation of 40HP submersible pump and transmission pipe laying works are in completion stage. WUSC has planned to pump water from new deep tube well to existing Ratmata reservoir by connecting with the transmission pipe of existing tube well.
67. The system has about 885 private connections and 4 metered community taps. There is more than 50% water leakage in the distribution system. In some places, the distribution pipes are under the private house foundation and pipes are being 2.5 to 3m below the ground. The tap stands are connected directly from distribution main. Also ½” HDPE are used for more than 90% house connections. Further 113 HHs are demanded for new connection. Every month 15 - 20 meters are damaged and need to be repaired due to their bad quality.
2.3.2 Sanitation
68. The sanitary situation of project area is found to be satisfactory. There is no separate sewerage system in the proposed service area. But almost every household in the urban areas as well as in rural areas have their own latrine connected to septic tanks and the outlets of these toilets are not connected to the drain. Such toilets connected to septic tank have been constructed in more than 90% HHs of this project area and there is one public toilet at the bus park. Local people were found to be quite aware about sanitation.
2.3.3 Drainage
69. There is no drainage system to drain out the rain water (run-off water) in service area along the road side except few stretches in Lamahi bazaar area. Since the area is situated at the lower foothill there is no well drainage system in Lamahi. Therefore, various drainage designs optional were discussed with Water User and Sanitation Committee (WUSC) in the meeting and the area for construction of surface drainage was decided in the meeting. A rectangular stone masonry drain with a total length of 6443m has been designed in the areas selected by WUSC.
70. Lamahi Town Development Committee is collecting and disposed solid wastes of the town in upstream forest area. The site development works has been carried out. Similarly, one tractor has been kept for the collection of daily household wastes.
2.4 SERVICE AREA
71. The service area of the proposed project is lies in Chailahi VDC, which are shown in the drawing. Following table 2.12 describes the area coverage of the proposed system.
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Table 2.12: Population coverage SN Population Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 1 Other settlements 10,676 12,009 20,796 3,863 2 Ratamata Planning 1,983 2,231
Projected population at 9,310 3 1,342 Empty Planning Plots Total 12,659 15, 582 33,969
2.5 COMPONENTS OF THE PROJECT
72. The Lamahi Town Water Supply Project has been designed as a pumping system which will supply water from groundwater source. The water shall be pumped from deep tube well and goes to the aerator. After aeration, the water shall be stored in the ground storage reservoir after disinfection. The water shall be pumped again from ground reservoir to overhead reservoir. The water goes in the distribution system from overhead reservoir by gravity flow in Ratmata planning area. Also ground water directly supplies water in the distribution system in bazaar and other settlements. One generator house, treatment plant, ground water reservoir and overhead reservoir have been proposed in WUSC premises at Ratmata.
73. The additional two pumps are proposed at 175m North West (tube well recently constructed by WUSC) and 350m south-east from the existing tube well (i.e. pump house).
74. One separate generator is proposed at WUSC premises at Ratmata and other generator proposed for all three deep tubewell at Deupur. The new deep tube well will be operated from existing tube well.
The major components of the town projects are:
• Deep tube well/ Intake • Borehole platform • Transmission main • Wash out • Air valve • Aerator • Ground water reservoirs • Overhead reservoir • Distribution main • Control valve • Pipe valve box • Generator houses • Electrical and electromechanical works • Tap Connection • Boundary wall
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2.6 SOURCE OF WATER
75. There is no other alternative source except ground water. The use of only groundwater source alone is found to be more reliable for the new water supply system. The former detailed engineering design was carried out accordingly. At this stage, the same has been followed in design review/ update phase.
76. The proposed and designed ground water source is deemed to be technically viable regarding the stability and source discharge. Pumping is necessary to extract the water from deep tube well/ ground water source.
2.7 WATER TREATMENT FACILITIES
77. Based upon the test result, the water quality of the existing tube well is within the limit of NDWQS. But the recently constructed tube well has iron, which is slightly higher than the NDWQS value. The iron smell has been observed in both tubewell water. It is suggested that at least two tubewell will be operated at a time and iron will be dissolved. At this situation, the value of iron will be nearly equal to the NDWQS value. It is deemed that the water quality of newly proposed tube well will be in the same quality. Hence, aerator followed by disinfection unit has been proposed for the treatment process for safe. Chlorination unit has been provided before the ground storage reservoir. This will give adequate detention time.
2.8 SERVICE RESERVOIRS
78. Proposed system consists of a 20m high 150 m3 overhead reservoir and 800 m3 (2 nos of 400 m3) capacity ground reservoirs.
2.9 PIPE LINES
79. Alignments of the proposed pipe line have been fixed. The entire pipe line network follows the tracks and roads.
2.10 OTHERS APPURTENANCE
2.10.1 Generator/Pump House
80. A Generator/Guard house is designed at existing deep tube well site Deupur for supplying power for all three tube well. Another Generator/Guard house is designed at existing WUSC premises Ratmata. The generator shall be used during NEA power failure
2.10.2 Operator/ Chaukidar Quarter
81. A Operator/ Chaukidar quarter is designed at reservoir site
2.10.3 Laboratory Building cum WUSC Office Building
82. There is existing WUSC office in the Lamahi town. The same shall be used for the office.
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2.10.4 Electrical Facilities
83. The 11 kV transmission line through an 11/0.4 kV -160KVA and 50 KVA step down transformer to supply electrical power at existing tube well site Deupur and WUSC premises Ratmata respectively. A three-phase power line will connect the control panel to the pump. A 160 KVA generator at tube well site Deupuer and 50KVA generator at WUSC premises Ratmata has been designed with generator house for the emergency use when there is NEA power failure. The control panel for generator and pumps will be installed in generator house at both locations.
2.10.5 Chambers
84. These will comprise of valve chamber and connection chamber to the house. The purpose of the control valve is to regulate the required flow in each distribution main from the junction/ node. Sometimes it can be used for the maintenance of distribution system in particular area without closing whole distribution system. A control valve is provided in the system where there are more than two branches from one junction or where it is necessary. In total, there are 107nos. pipe valve box and 10 control valve chambers are designed in the distribution system.
2.10.6 House Connection and Community Tap
85. The system has been designed mainly for private house connections. The tap connections include fully plumb, yard type. There will be 1449 private connections. Similarly, 70 community connections shall be connected during construction phase. Each community connection will supply water for 6 households. All community connection will be metered. Further, 50 institutions will also connect the tap. The system is so designed that the total 6,235 connections can be made available from the system during design year 2027.
2.11 TYPE, CATEGORY AND NEED OF THE SUBPROJECTS
86. The proposed project comprises of two major components. The first component is water supply services which include development of new water supply project, augmenting the source, construction of storage tanks/ service reservoir and construction of transmission and distribution systems in required extent. The feasibility study looked upon two possible options for the project design which involve making a choice between pumping and gravity systems of flow. Since the gravity system could not be considered feasible in the flat terrain, the project has adopted pumping system.
87. The second component is sanitation services, which include construction of public and institutional toilets, development of dumping site, construction of surface drainage and procurement of tractor for solid waste collection from individual households is to be provided in the town through an integrated approach. Similarly, wastewater management systems need to be included in the agreed towns. There is also provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service providers .
88. The project falls under category B of ADB’s Environmental Categorization as it has less significant environmental impacts and therefore only an Initial Environmental Examination is required.
89. The project has been conceptualized on community based approach. Almost half of the project cost has to be mobilized and shared by the community who will be responsible for operation and
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management of the system after its completion. The active involvement of the community in decision making as well as in project implementation and operation has been ensured. WUSC will be responsible for regular operation and maintenance of the project including collection of tariff from the users.
2.12 SALIENT FEATURES THE PROJECT
90. The proposed project has been designed to serve a population of 33,969. Ground water will be extracted from a depth of 150m through 300/250mm size deep boring (tube well). The pumped water will goes to the aerator then collected into ground reservoirs of size 400 cum and 100 cum and disinfection. The treated water will then be distributed to the population through ground RVT and OHT 150cum to a distribution network of 56.68 km by gravity.
91. The project details have been presented in Salient Features as shown in the following table
Salient features of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project 1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
2. Scheme Name: Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Lamahi, Dang
3. Service Area: All service area lies in Chailahi VDC. The settlements are:
Ward 1: Arnahawa and Chailahi
Ward 2: Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata town planning area
Ward 3: Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur
Ward 4: Khairi up to Dumduma School,
Ward 5: Langadi
Ward 9: Bangau Chowk
4. Scheme Type: Pumping system (Augmentation of groundwater with existing pumping system).
5. Designed Flow (lps): 48.05 Tapped flow (22 hr pumping) 52.50 Supplied from existing system (lps): 16.75 Supplied form recently constructed well 15.75 Required from new groundwater pumping System (lps): 20.00
6. Source Discharge Measurement Proposed Sources Measured Discharge Safe yield Tapped flow lps. lps. lps. Existing pumping - - 16.75 Form recently constructed well 15.75 New ground water (from additional two tube well) 20.00
7. Design Period: 15 Years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period).
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8. Household No. - Survey Year: 2,330 (including HHs already constructed at Ratmata planning plots) Empty planning plots at Ratmata 1235 9. Growth Rate: 4% per annum.
10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 Other settlements 10,676 12,009 20,796 Ratamata Planning 1,983 2,231 3,863 Projected population at Empty Planning Plots 1,342 9,310 Total 12,659 15, 582 33,969
11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 3,396,895 Non-domestic demand (adopt 10 % of domestic demand, which includes rental population demand, Institutional demand, Industrial/ Commercial demand, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc.) 339,689 Leakage and wastage (10%): 415,176 Total: 4,151,760
12. Structures required
Intake Type Deep Tube Well (1 existing, 1 newly developed but not functioned yet, 1 newly proposed) 3 Generator house 2 Pipe length (m) Transmission main (existing 800m, new 2902m) 3,702m Distribution main (existing 2355m, new 54,325m) 56,680 m
Pipe Size Transmission Main GI (M) (mm) 100 DI (M) (mm) 150-200 Distribution main: HDPE (mm) 50 – 160 GI (M) (mm) 65 -100 DI (M) (mm) 150 - 250 Aerator (no) 1 Ground storage (No/ cum cap. cum) 2nos of 400 cum new 1no of 150cum existing
OH Reservoir (No/ cum capacity cum) 1no of 150cum OHT supplies at Ratamata planning area and ground reservoir supplies in Lamahi and other settlements. Control Valve Chamber (No.) 10 Pipe Valve Box (No.) 107 HH and Institutional connection (Existing HH connection 885 included) 2,499 Community connections 70
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(1 community connection for each 6HH)
13. Sanitation Component - Construction of storm drainage 6443m - Site development of dumping site (stone masonry wall) 381.50m - Tractor procurement for solid waste collection 1 nos. - Institutional Toilets 5 nos.
14. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068:
Total (including 10% physical contingencies, 5% price contingencies and 13% VAT) 172,985,115.78 Cost Breakdown GoN (50%) 86,492,557.89 TDF loan (45%) 77,843,302.10 Community contribution cash (5%): 8,649,255.79
15. Estimated project cost for sanitation component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068: Total (including 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT) 43,152,005.22 Cost Breakdown GoN (85%) 36,679,204.44 Contribution from Local bodies/ users (15%) 6,472,800.78
Other Sanitation Component (No contingencies and VAT)
Provision for ODF (658 HHs) 658,000.00
Provision for OBA (156 HHs) 1,404,000.00
Total Sanitation cost 45,214,005.22
16. Overall Sanitation Component Cost after Conceptual Design: (Both Sewer and Surface Drainage) 649,992,553.60
2.13 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR IMPLEMENTATION
92. The schedule of the project is shown in the Fig. 2.2.
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Fig 2.2: Work Schedule Work Schedule for Detailed Engineering Design Review/ Update, Construction Supervision and Operation Detailed Engg. Design Review/ Update Contra Construction Supervision and ct S.N. Description proces Operation and M aintenance M ay-10 Jun-10 Jul-10 Aug-10 Sep-10 Oct-10 Nov-10 Dec-10 Jan-11 Feb-11 M ar-11 Apr-11 Aug-11 Rem I Detailed Engineering Design Review and Update Phase 5/11 1 M obilisation 2 Collection and review of reports, documents etc. 3 Site visit, meeting with WUSC and
community, service area confirmation, hs source confirmation etc. 6/10 4 Prepare and submit field study inception report ing Construction Construction ing Provide input to PM C to prepare various 5 Months twelve hase documents 6 Water quality test, field verification/ carryout engineering survey and investigation, resettlement plan preparation 7 Review and update design works including population forecast, water demand determination, reservoir sizing, peak factor determination, intake design, pipeline design, treatment plant design, HH connection and auxillary works. 8 Cost estimate, economical and financial analysis, carryout Initial Environmental Examination and review and update social profile. 9/30 9 Prepare and submit updated detailed design draft report 10 Conduct workshop on draft report findings at Months Four Twenty Phase Supervision PM O and community level 11 Receive comments from clients/ community in updated draft design report 4/15 Contractural Procedure and Contract Award Four Mont Four Award Contract and Procedure Contractural 12 Prepare and submit updated detailed design final report by incorporating all comments
II Construction Supervision Phase Operation and Maintenance during Defect Liability P Liability Defect during Maintenance and Operation Contract Management and Contract Administration dur Administration Contract and Management Contract
III Operation and M aintenance Phase
2.14 PROJECT ACTIVITIES
93. The major project activities are as below: • Land acquisition • Construction of deep tubewell and its components • Installation of pumps and electrical facilities • Construction of service reservoir • Laying and jointing of pipes • Excavation along the municipal road, along foot paths etc for laying of pipe. • Construction of WUSC office/Lab building, Pump house/chaukidar house, Guard house etc. • Construction of Valve chambers, Pipe valve box and house connection
2.15 PATH FOR MOVEMENT IN THE PROJECT AREA WHERE PROJECT IS TO BE IMPLEMENTED
94. The East-West highway passes through the Lamahi Bazaar, which is a local market centre. There are other gravel roads and earthen tracks linking various settlements in the service area. Most part of the service area is easily accessible by motor vehicle; however accessibility to few settlements could be difficult during rainy periods.
2.16 MANUFACTURING PROCESS
95. The project will be constructed using cement, brick, sand, reinforcement steels, DI Pipe, GI Pipes, HDPE Pipes etc.
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2.16.1 Land acquisition
96. Acquisition of land for the construction of borehole, service reservoir, ancillary building has been completed.
2.16.2 Construction of Deep Tubewell
97. The augmentation of ground water in the existing w/s system is used for this new water supply system with expanding service area. One existing pump of 30 HP, including additional 30HP and 45HP capacities, that is, altogether three pumps are proposed to pump the ground water from deep tube well to aerator. As per design all three pumps shall be operated at a time during design year. The pump will operate maximum 22hrs a day.
98. The proposed well size should be of 12 inch (300 mm) dia housing of 50 m length and reducing it to 8" (200 mm) dia casing and screen. The total depth should be about 150 m with maximum screened area and allowing maximum drawdown, the yield of the tube well can be increased to great extent. The Johnson Stainless steel of 30m length is kept in screen to allow maximum opening in the pipe and remaining 70m will be casing.
99. Recommended Drilling Machine: Percussion or percussion cum rotary method of drilling rig is recommended for drilling which will perform effectively and efficiently.
2.16.3 Installation of Pumps and Electrical Facilities
100. Two new boring pumps of 45HP and 30HP capacity and another two pumps of each 10 HP are provided for lifting water from deep well to ground reservoir and from ground storage to overhead reservoir.
101. A stand by diesel generator for back up is provided to operate all pumps, assuming all pumps will be operated at a time during the failure of NEA supply. A transformer is proposed at this site, whose capacity is designed to provide adequate power required for all pump operation at a time, chlorination plant, external electrification of the site and other loads at DG room.
2.16.4 Construction of Service Reservoir
102. Service reservoir is designed for intermittent inflow and continuous supply from the tank for 12-22 hrs pumping depending on increasing water demand from each borehole at base year to design year respectively. A 20m high 150 m3 overhead reservoir and 800 m3 ground reservoir has been proposed to meet the water demand during peak period. The reservoir shall be constructed in the existing premises of WUSC at Ratmata Danda
2.16.5 Pipe Laying and Jointing Including Earthwork
103. The distribution system consists of pipe network designed by preparing the loop network system. The hydraulic design has been carried out accordingly. HDPE pipe of 50-160mm and GI pipe of 65-100mm, DI pipe of 150-250 mm dia have been proposed in the distribution system as per technical requirement and as suggestion of the community. The HDPE of 6-10 kg/ cm2 types are used in the design. The total estimated pipe length of the proposed distribution system is 54,325 m plus existing distribution pipe line 2,355 m. The existing pipe matched with the new design size has been used. The existing pipe shall be joined in new pipes. The joint should not have
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leakages. The proposed minimum size of the pipe is 50 mm HDPE and the maximum size is DI 250 mm. 104. The pipeline is designed by adding 10% extra length of actual one. However, the estimated distribution pipeline length is 56,885.00m including about 7% extra length in actual one.
2.16.6 Construction of House Connections
105. The household shall connect the tap to their household by making a Tee in distribution main to avoid frequent hole in distribution main.
106. The average 18m length of 15mm dia. Medium class GI pipe has been estimated up to meter for each HH connection. The meter shall be kept near and adjoining the compound of the houses. After meter, each HH should extend the pipe themselves as they desire. The necessary fittings have been designed.
2.16.7 Raw Materials to be Used
107. Sand, Gravel, river pebbles and bricks will be used as raw materials. The required sand, gravel and river pebbles will be used from the local quarry located at Arjun River. Other materials include cement, reinforcement steel, will be procured from the local materials. DI pipe, HDPE pipe and GI Pipe will be procured in Nepalgunj market. All the construction materials require for the construction work are available in above said market in required quantity. Construction materials will be stored in existing and proposed land for reservoir.
2.17 DETAILS OF TECHNOLOGY
108. The following design parameters have been considered for the design of the water supply system.
System: • 24 hours operational • Pumping system (pump will be used to lift water from deepwell to ground reservoir and from ground savoir to overhead tank) • Distribution system will be operated by gravity flow
Water quality: The water quality of the deep tube well has been recently tested after completion of test boring. It is found that the values of test results are within the range as compared with NDWQS standard (Annex- VII). It is envisaged that the water quality of proposed new tube well will be similar with the quality of test tube well.
Consumption Pattern:
Hours Percentage of daily demand 05:00 – 07:00 20 07:00 – 12:00 35 12:00 – 17:00 15 17:00 – 19:00 20 19:00 – 05:00 10
Peak factor: 2.4
Design Period: 15 years
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Water Demand:
SN Type of Demand Recommended Demand 1. Fully plumbed connections 100 lpcd 2. Yard connections 65 lpcd 3. Community taps 45 lpcd 4. Non domestic demand consists of rental/ floating 8% of domestic demand population, institutional demand, commercial demand, fire fighting
109. For the design purpose, 10% of total water demand has been considered for wastage, leakage or uncounted water use as specified in SSTWSSSP guidelines
Pressure and Velocity Minimum residual head of 8-10: at all service nodes Velocity: least 0.2 m/sec
Pipe materials: DI, GI & HDPE
(Source: Detailed Project Report of Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011)
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Chapter III: DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 WATER RESOURCES
3.1.1 Surface Water and Quality
110. The Rapti River in the –southern east side and Arjun River in the western side are the two main perennial river flowing through the project area. The rivers meet downstream of the proposed project’s service area. Kusum, Arnahawa, Baghai, are some seasonal streams that drain the area which originate locally from the Churia hill and join one of the rivers. Most of these seasonal streams remain dry except during rainy period and flash floods of short duration (few hours) are common in these streams during rainy season.
111. The Rapti River and Arjun Khola have been mined for sand, gravel and stones. The stone from the Arjun Khola is considered to be of good quality and is supplied to Tulsipur and other places. Extraction of sand is common from the Rapti River. Some impacts of the sand and gravel extraction from the rivers are becoming apparent as Arjun Khola’s bed is deepening. The river bank cutting by the Rapti and Arjun River is a serious problem, particularly in the flood plain area Substantial areas by the Rapti and Arjun Kholas get inundated by floods particularly near their confluence when flood in one affects the flow in another. According to the villagers, after the construction of the highway bridge over the Rapti, the River in the downstream has moved northward (towards the service area of the proposed project). However, Quality of the surface water is not suitable for the drinking purpose.
3.1.2 Ground Water and Quality
112. Southern part of the service area, flood plains of the Rapti and Arjun Rivers, has good potential for groundwater extraction as the rivers naturally recharge the aquifers. Groundwater potential is shown by the existence of the shallow tube-wells and deep boring of groundwater for irrigation. Shallow tube-wells, typically 20 feet deep, are common drinking water source in the southern areas settlements adjoining the Rapti and Arjun Rivers
113. The ground water is the source of the existing water supply system of the Lamahi Town project. The existing deep tube well extracts about 16.75 lps discharge to supply for the new system. The deep tube well is located at Deupur. The possibility of the human intrusion and water quality degradation is very less as the source is ground water and water is pumped from confined deep aquifer.
114. The water quality of existing deep tube well has been examined/ tested. The water quality of shallow tube well has also been tested to compare the test result of shallow and deep tube well.
115. The water quality of the proposed new deep tube well be tested after the completion of the boring. The water quality of recently constructed deep boring has slightly more iron than prescribed value. It is expected that the water quality from the new tube well will be obtained almost of the same quality as of existing tube well. Aeration followed by disinfection is proposed for existing and new tube well for iron treatment/water treatment.
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3.2 ECOLOGICAL RESOURCES
3.2.1 National Parks and Protected Areas
116. No any national parks and protected areas for forest/ wildlife exists nearby the project area
3.2.2 Flora
117. The Churia hill situated at the northern side of the project area is covered with forest, particularly community forests. There are six community forests (Karbi, Ajambari, Champar Khola, Parijat, Bangaun and Tikuligadh Community Forests) in the north of the project’s area which are continuous forests. Saj (Terminalia tomentosa), Sal (Shorea robusta), Khayer (Acacia Catechu), Harro (Terminalia chebula) and Barro (Terminalia bellirica) are some of the commonly found species.
118. There are three community forests (Sisou Bagar, Dumdum and Ghumna) situated in the southern part of the project area around the Arjun and Rapti rivers. These are isolate forests and the common species found in these areas are Sisau (Dalbergia sissoo), Khayer (Acacia Catechu), cane (Saccharum officinarum) and bamboo (Bambuse vulgere). Sal (Shorea robusta) is an endangered species.
3.2.3 Fauna
119. The commonly found mammals, birds and reptiles in the project are as follow:
• Mammals
The commonly found mammals in the area are Jackal (Canis aureus), Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis), Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), Hanuman langur (Presbites entellus), Jungle cat (Felis chaus), Dhole (Cuon lurtra), Squirrel (Fanambulus sps), Jungle rat (Bandicota indica), Swamp deer (Cervus duvauceli) and Chittal (Axis axis)
• Birds
Black shouldered Kite (Enalus caereleus), Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus), Great barbet (Meghalaima virens) and Jungle Myna are some common species of birds found in the project area.
• Reptiles
The common species of reptiles found in the area are green lizard (Calo tesversicolor), common monitor lizard (Vranus bengalensis), green pit viper (Trimeresrus albolabris) and water snake (Ntrix stolata)
3.2.4 Physical or Cultural Heritage
120. The project area has no physical or cultural heritage and archaeologically important monument and object of art. However, some temples are situated in the project area and during important religious occasions, people visit these temples. The popular festivals of the service area are Dashain, Tihar, Chhatha and Magi.
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3.2.5 Slums and Squatter Settlements
121. No slums and squatter settlements exist within project area. Hence there will be no slum creation hazard exist.
3.3 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND PROSPECTS FOR GROWTH
3.3.1 Land Use
122. The project area consists of core and densely populated bazaar area and has the rural and scattered settlement area. The core area is densely populated where 60.16% of total population live. Trade and economic activities are carried out in the bazaar area and the available land is mostly used for residential purposes. The bazaar is surrounded by the rural settlements pre- dominant with agricultural fields and residential type of settlement at distant from each other. These settlements are moderately habilitated which could turn into dense settlement after the project completion as the migration rate in the area is high and agricultural land is gradually converting into residential areas.
3.3.2 Infrastructure
3.3.2.1 Transportation
123. The East-West highway passes through the Lamahi Bazaar, which is a local market centre. There are other gravel roads and earthen tracks linking various settlements in the service area. Most part of the service area is easily accessible by motor vehicle; however accessibility to few settlements could be difficult during rainy periods.
3.3.2.2 Drinking Water Supply
124. The Lamahi Bazaar and surrounding settlements currently receive water from an existing deep tube well located at Deupur is pumped into a reservoir located at Ratamata. The existing system supplies water mainly to Lamahi Bazaar and areas adjoining the highway. Most of the households located in the flood plains of the Rapti and Arjun Rivers obtain drinking water from shallow tube- wells and dug-wells. As the population is rising and there is need to expand the service area and the present system needs to be upgraded and augmented. Especially the area at Ratmata Danda is in serious need of safe, reliable and adequate water supply.
3.3.2.3 Surface Drainage, Sanitation & Sewerage
125. Although most households adjoining the highway have toilets, there is only one public toilet for bus passengers in the bus park. Many passengers urinate openly by the road side due to lack of adequate public toilet, even in the bazaar area.
126. Management of the solid wastes generated in the bazaar area is another concern. Plastic and other wastes are haphazardly disposed of which fill the road side drain. Lack of slaughter house and dumping site is a concern in the bazaar area. Currently, Lamahi Town Development Committee is collecting and disposed solid wastes of the town in upstream forest area. The site development works for dumping site has been proposed.
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127. There is no water logging due to sufficient cross section area of drain and out lets available. The project area lies in flat terrain with mild slope towards the south. No water logging is apparent in rainy season. There is ample space and are sufficient outlet points to drain off the storm water naturally. The core area of project has storm drains facility. This drain is working perfectly and does not need further surface drains facility in that area. The outlets of the septic tanks have not been connected to drain. Further 6443m surface drain has been decided by WUSC in new service area.
128. There is no separate sewerage system in the proposed service area. But almost all households in the urban areas as well as in rural area have their own latrine connected to the septic tanks and the outlets of these toilets are not connected to the drain.
129. The environmental sanitation in the rural settlements appears to be moderate. The households' premises and the settlement in general were moderately clean. However, toilets as well as better handling of animal wastes (dung) need to be promoted in the rural parts of the project areas.
3.3.2.4 Electricity
130. Electrical facility is available in the project area and is connected with national grid system of Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA).
3.3.2.5 Communications
131. All kind of communication facilities are available in the project area. Lamahi has been facilitated by telephone and mobile phone services which include GSM, CDMA and sky mobile. Majority of people living in and around project area have television in their home. Project area facilitated by different national daily news papers like Kantipur, Rising Nepal, Gorakhapatra, Rajdhani etc. There is also good facility of postal service in the district.
3.3.3 Economic Characteristics
3.3.3.1 Industries
132. There are no major types of industries in the project area except one Rice & Oil Mill.
3.3.3.2 Agricultural development
133. The major occupation of the people of project area is agriculture. There is an irrigation canal withdrawing water from the Arjun Khola that irrigates areas of Deupur, Langadi, Khairi, Madhyanagar, Kashyapur, Dhippur, Lamahi, and Kolhai. The canal provides irrigation water throughout the year.
3.3.3.3 Mineral development
134. There is no mineral development activity prevalent in the area.
3.3.3.4 Tourism development
135. There are no possibilities of tourism development in the area.
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3.3.3.5 Development Organisations
136. There are numerous national and international organizations that are working in the development sector. Following are the some of the development organisation currently working in the Lamahi Town for different developmental issues: • Agriculture Service Centre • Nepal Telecommunication Office • Nepal Electricity Authority Office • Area Administration Office • Agriculture Organisation • Women Development Office • Ground Water Development Office • Area Forest Office • 4 number Bank including Rastriya Banijya Bank and Agriculture Development Bank • Cooperative & Saving Organisation – 8 nos.
3.3.3.6 Major Environmental Problems
137. There is no surface drain in some part of service area. During rain, water spread over the town for short period. The solid waste from the town will be collected regularly. The waste water obtained from each house hold need to be managed by each household.
3.3.3.7 Health and Sanitation
138. As the local people are dependent on water supplied through shallow hand pumps which could be easily contaminated; water borne diseases are most common in the area. Although, majority of the households have private toilets in the project area, open defecation practice is still common along the roadside thereby increasing the chances of diseases.
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Chapter IV: ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
139. Environmental impacts on physical, biological and socio–economic and cultural aspect are identified and predicted based on the existing environment condition with respect to the proposed project interventions in terms of their magnitude, duration and their extent during pre-construction, construction and operation & maintenance phase.
140. The impacts are not necessarily always negative; some impacts could be positive and beneficial as well. The implementation of the project will have several beneficial impacts to the people of Chailahi VDC in Dang district. The attempt is to augment the positive impact and remove or minimize the negative impacts by applying suitable mitigation measures.
141. The local people will benefit from safe and sufficient supply of drinking water and have improved sanitary situation. All this will significantly raise the living standard of the people in the Chailahi VDC.
142. The proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project will have only minor negative impacts on the physical, biological and socio-cultural aspects of the area. The impacts are mostly local in nature and can be easily and cheaply mitigated with suitable mitigation measures and regular monitoring schedules. Some of these impacts are described below:
4.1 WATER SUPPLY
4.1.1 Pre-Construction Phase
4.1.1.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Location and Design
143. As the project has been designed as ground water system, the potential adverse impacts due to the project design have been found to be non-significant. There could be some issues related to project location and design such as encroachment of forest area and effect on agricultural land. However, no forest area is encroached and no cutting of any trees is required. The land toned not to be procured for construction of major structures such as boreholes, treatment plant and OHT. Thus there is insignificant impact on the agricultural productivity of the area. Since the location and areas of the major structures have been decided in consultation with the WUSC (the required areas have been managed by WUSC), the chances of conflict due to location of the project components are minimal
144. To avoid the risk of pollution of raw water supply and water distributed to the users; the system has to be designed in such a way that there is adequate protection of the deep tube well and storage tanks and the distribution pipe has to be located away from the drains to avoid the contamination of water being supplied.
145. There could be risk associated with excessive abstraction of ground water which could eventually cause land subsidence. The design will ensure that the abstraction rate doesn’t exceed the safe
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yield and only required amount of water is extracted from the existing and proposed deep tube well.
4.1.2 Construction Phase
4.1.2.1 Environmental Impacts Due to Project Construction
Physical Environment
146. The project may have impacts on physical environment of the project site at all three stages. As the size of structures proposed for water supply system the impacts do not seem to be significant.
147. The major physical environmental issues identified are briefly presented below in Table 4.1.
Table 4.1: Physical environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Land use • Change in land use (water supply D Site Long L C & O structures) • Change in land use (pipelines) D Site Short L C Erosion, land • Boreholes D Site Short L C stability & • OHT, Pump House, Treatment Unit D Site Short L C geology & Guard House
• Transmission line D Site Short L C • Distribution lines D Site Short L C
Ground Water • Depletion in water table D Local Long L & M O Water Quality • Water pollution due to earthwork I Local Long L & M C and Hydrology activities • Littering of solid waste D Local Medium L & M O
Air Quality • Air pollution due to movement of D Local Short L C & O project vehicles • Air pollution due to dust particles • Air pollution due to operation of D Site Short L C & O Pumps & Diesel Generator D Local Medium L C & O Noise and • Noise & vibration due to project D Local Short L C Vibration vehicular movement • Noise pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator D Site Medium L C & O Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
i) Change in Land use pattern
148. Land proposed for the construction of Borehole, OHT and Ancillary buildings are public land. Similarly, pipe lines are aligned along the public property like roads, footpath and will reinstated after the laying the same. Thus during the construction and operation phase no remarkable impact on land is expected. The change in land use pattern is temporary and expected insignificant
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ii) Erosion, Soil Stability and Geology
149. Since the project has been designed as ground water system and the project activities will be carried out in plain area, chances of erosion and landslides are not expected. Thus there is no remarkable and inverse impact on geology is expected during the construction and operation phase of proposed project. But the possibility of falling of children and cattle into trenches during laying of pipes has to be avoided can disturb the land system and induce erosion. To avoid this, care will be taken while excavation so that there is minimal disturbance and the excavated soil needs to be properly backfilled and disposed of against erosion.
150. Mitigation measures: Excavated soil placed safely against erosion and reuse of excavated soil
iii) Ground water and Hydrology
151. The aquifers of the area proposed for abstraction of ground water are formed of coarse sand to very coarse sand, gravel, cobbles and pebbles materials which indicate very high transmissivity value. The static water level ranges from 9 m to 17 m in different wells situated in the project area which could be due to the difference in elevation of the tube well location. The deeper wells indicate the availability of more thickness of aquifers which may increase the yield of the tube well. Considering the discharge-drawdown relationship by allowing more drawdown the discharge rate could be increased to great extent. As the proposed tube well project lies in the same area of the existing tube well at required distance from each other, the desired amount of yield can be obtained.
152. Properly constructed tube well can produce sufficient yield, without disturbing groundwater in the proposed project area. From the above facts it is clear that there exist potential aquifer zones and for the effective exploitation of groundwater. Thus during the construction and operation phase no remarkable and inverse impact on hydrology is expected. Regular measurement of ground water table will be taken.
iv) Water Quality
153. Leakage of pipes, intrusion of the waste water, leachate of the foreign materials into the pipes is the major sources of water pollution which make water unfit for the drinking purposes. Most of the impacts are expected to be emerged during the operation of the system.
154. Mitigation measures: Regular visual inspection and maintenance work will be carried out
v) Air Quality
155. The project area adjoins the highway so there is chance of air pollution around the area. Besides these, the trucks and tractors that will be used for the transportation of construction materials. The vehicular movement for construction purposes, excavation and other construction activity may release dust and particulate matters. Crushers and other mechanical equipment may emit some quantity of dust and smoke. Increase in suspended particulate matters, increase in fugitive dust particles during construction and increase in vehicular movement for construction purposes may have negative impacts on air quality in the project area. However, all these effects will be temporary and will last during construction period only.
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156. Mitigation measures: Provisions of emission testing equipment, restriction on waste littering, use of masks, spraying of water to control dust, air quality monitoring, water will be sprinkled at regular intervals so that the dusts settle down and regular maintenance of the equipment and vehicles will be carried out.
v) Noise and Vibration
157. Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical equipment may have some impact to the workers but not much to the local community. The proposed project does not consider blasting; 24-hours of works on shift and use of excessive heavy machineries and equipments are not involved. It means that the noise and vibration levels over the existing ones do not seem to be significant and all these effects will be temporary and will last for the construction period only.
158. Mitigation measures: Provisions of restriction on horns, maintenance of equipment, fitting of mufflers to noisy equipment, speed restriction etc.
vi) Waste Water Disposal and Management
159. During the project operation period waste water will be generated, this water can be utilized in water consumers farms and vegetable gardens themselves as the project area is located in agricultural built up area. Since there is not any sewerage system, each household have septic tanks for the management of human excreta.
vii) Spoil Disposal and Quarry Site
160. Since the source is under ground and drilling will be carried out during construction of wells, no major excavation is required. The major excavation is required only during the construction of foundation for reservoir tanks, which is of low magnitude thus avoiding the problem of disposal. The excavation and transportation of soil has both physical and economical consequences. Since the location of well site is in well accessible site, there is no need of construction of access road and other structures for the transportation of excavated materials, thus giving lesser impacts to the economical consequences.
161. Mitigation measures: Excavated soil will be reused properly during backfilling with well compacted and surplus excavated soil will be safely disposed in designated place (existing dumping site).
Biological Environment
162. The potential environmental impact of the project on local flora and fauna during construction and post construction phases will be low as the activities do not involve clearing of trees and vegetation, grazing land and fertile agricultural lands. Site clearance is required during laying of pipeline and construction of service reservoir sites and deep tube well site. However, those impacts are for short period only during the construction period.
163. Since this project has been designed as ground water system, the, above mentioned environmental impact regarding the aqua-species is non-significant. But there are some potential impacts, which illustrated in Table 4.2.
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Table 4.2: Biological environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Vegetation • Loss of vegetation for clearance of sites D Site Short L C for structures • Loss of vegetation due to laying of pipelines D Site Short L C & O Flora & fauna • Loss of flora & fauna due to project D Site Short L C sitting & related activities Habitat • Loss of habitat due to project sitting & D Site Short L C related activities Aquatic life and • Effects to aquatic life due to wastewater D & I Site Short L C & O ecosystem discharge & project activities Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
i) Vegetation
164. The natural vegetation and ecology of project area will be disturbed due to construction activities of different project components. The vegetation/ bushes clearance will permanent in the sites of borehole, OHT and ground storage reservoir, whereas the damaged vegetation will be recovered in pipe laying works after a short period. So the chances of cutting of forest trees are non- existent.
165. Community forests are located in the north of project area around Churia hill and on south of the project area around the flood plains. None of the project activity, including construction of major structures and laying of pipes pass, requires clearing of trees or pass through the forest area. There is possibility of some disturbance due access of labour force to nearby forest but the chances of cutting trees by the labourers are limited as the forest is managed by the community. And since the community itself owns and manages the forests, the risk of damage to the forest will be negligible/low.
166. Mitigation Measures: Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp, provision of minimization of vegetation clearance
ii) Flora, Fauna and Wildlife
167. The project area being located in sparse vegetated area features low level of bio-diversity. The possible adverse impacts on local wildlife population will be minimal as the construction activity involves minimal clearance of vegetation which is the habitat of wildlife population. Similarly, the impacts on seasonal migration of mammals will be minimum and insignificant as habitat degradation and vegetation loss by this project will be minimal. However, the use of machinery and possible hunting activities of the project labourers could cause disturbance to the local wildlife. But there is no forest in the surrounding. The impact on wildlife due to construction of the project is non-significant.
168. Mitigation Measures: Provisions of minimization of vegetation clearance by pegging, restriction of fuel woods at the camps, etc. and provision of restriction on fishing activities.
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iii) Habitat
169. Clearance of ground vegetation during construction may result loss of wildlife habitat but the chances are minimal as clearing of forest and vegetation is not involved to a great extent. The population dynamics of resident and migratory birds and reptiles at the project sites may be temporarily affected during construction phase due to earthwork activities and such impacts are insignificant.
170. Mitigation Measures: Provision of minimization of vegetation clearance, Environmental awareness program
iv) Aquatic Life and Eco-System
171. Since the project has been designed as ground water system, the aquatic life will be hardly disturbed.
172. Mitigation Measures: Environmental awareness program required, excavated soil will be dispose safely against erosion, the quality of river waters will be regularly monitored and the workers will be prohibited from fishing activities.
v) Obstruction of fish migration and fish entrainment due to the construction work:
173. Water source of the proposed project is under ground water; hence such problems will not exist.
Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment
174. The major environmental factors associated with the human life are socio-economic, cultural, human health, land acquisition, compensation, resettlements, rehabilitation and occupational and safety hazards. Assessment of the impacts on these factors is given in Table 4.3.
Table 4.3: Socio-economic and cultural environmental issues and impacts Issues Impacts Type Extent Duration Magnitude Phase Acquisition of land • Acquisition of agricultural land D Site Long H C & O and property • Acquisition of private properties D Site Long L C
Socio-economic • Impact on social structure & cultural D & I Local Long H C & O & cultural aspects practices • Impact on employment D & I Local Short M C & O • Migration D & I Local Long H C &O • Local economy D & I Local Long M C & O Quality of life • Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) D Local Short L C values • Socio-economic values I Local Long M C & O • Public health I Local Long H O • Aesthetic values I Local Short L C & O • Cultural values I Local Long L O Traffic Reinstatement of damaged community Management services an infrastructure such as irrigation canals, road, foot trails, water supply line etc. • Difficulties in traffic and pedestrian D Local Short M C movement • Visual & aesthetic impacts I Local Short L C
Note: D Direct Impacts L Low Impacts C Construction Phase
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I Indirect Impacts M Moderate Impacts O Operation Phase H High Impacts
i) Land Acquisition
175. The construction of permanent structures such as Boreholes, OHT and ground reservoir does not require land acquisition and will be construction in existing WUSC premises. Hence land acquisition; resettlement plan and compensation will not be issues during the project implementation.
176. As compared to the size and nature of the project land acquisition will not be required for the execution of the project. The contractor will rent temporary land for his camp/ office through the negotiation with the owner in the approval of DSC.
177. The following table shows the details of properties, public or private, which are likely to be intercepted during the construction of pipe lines and other components of the project:
Table 4.4: Details of land required by the project components Likely S Length Property VDC Ward Stretch Nature of Compensation N (m) Intercepted damage 1 Chailahi 3 Pump 1 Kattha WUSC’s land Occupy the Land acquired House 1 required area. by User committee. 2 Chailahi 3 Transmissi 2902 Government land Temporary Not required on (New) and earthen road Main and 800 (existing 3 Chailahi 3 Treatment 6 Kattha Existing WUSC . Not required. plant, premises Construction reservoir work will be take site place at existing WUSC premises 4 Chailahi Chaila Distributio 54325 Mostly passes Temporary Not required. hi n main (New) through earthen damage in Pitch road (ward and road and few of earthen road cutting will be 1,2,3,4 2355 them passes and road pitch. repaired after ,5,,9 (existing) through pitch road pipe laying.
& crossing in some places
ii) Impairment to Infrastructure
178. All the major structures of the proposed project like water storage and ancillary buildings will be constructed on public land. Similarly, most of the pipe lines are aligned along the public property. Necessary precaution will be adopted at time of construction for minimum impairment to infrastructure. But some of the pipe line impairs the footpath, existing drain and pitch road in Lamahi bazaar area of Chailahi VDC W. No. – 2. Approx 450m footpath and 50 m drain will be impaired during the laying of pipe line. There will be no need of relocation of existing public and private facilities.
179. Mitigation Measures: All the damaged infrastructures have to be repaired.
iii) Historical and archaeological treasures
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180. The service area of the project is not a site of archaeological and historical values. Hence, there are no any impacts on archaeological and historical artefacts’.
iv) Law and Order Issue due to the Influx of outside workforce, money and unwanted activities
181. Currently the project area is not habituated but during project implementation, the influx of large number of seasonal workers can create some law and order issues. Involvement of outside workforce may initiate conflict with the locals due to cultural and other differences. Similarly, fights, disease transmission, pollution and competition for available resources with outsiders may arise in due course.
182. Mitigation Measures: The project should take protective measures to minimise impact, cultural awareness program will be conducted. Priority will be given to local people while employing labourers for the project works. Child labour should be prohibited
v) Human Health
183. Spread of the water borne diseases and deterioration in sanitary conditions due to construction activity (unsafe working condition, accidents, transmission of communicable diseases) is of major concern in the project area, especially to the construction workers.
184. Mitigation Measures: Health and hygiene of the workforce is to be given top priority. Provide proper sanitation and hygiene, health care and control of epidemic diseases to the workforce. Sanitation awareness program will be conducted
vi) Gender Issue
185. The project will create job opportunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled people. Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involved in the job. This will create a positive impact on the socio-economic environment of community and play a vital role towards gender empowerment
vii) Health and safety . • Occupational Health and Safety (OHS)
186. Precaution will be taken regarding major injuries that may occur at the construction site and priority will be given to the safety of the workers. The workers are exposed to dust, noise, spills and heavy machineries and the chances of accidents are high. Adequate safety equipments like hand gloves, hard cover helmets and boots will be provided to the workers and all the labour force will be strictly instructed to adopt safety measures during the construction work. Adequate amount of first aid medicine will be provided in construction site.
• Community Health and Safety
187. Spread of the water borne diseases and deterioration in sanitary condition is of major concern in the project area. The existing sanitation practice is directly related with quantity as well as quality of water supplied. This is also dependent on climatic condition, living standard, culture and awareness of the people in the health and sanitation activities. The common diseases caused
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due to water in the service area are diarrhoea, jaundice, dysentery and typhoid. The communicable diseases can spread in the entire community. Awareness, improved water supply, maintenance of proper working conditions and regular health checkups will ensure safe community health and hygiene.
188. Mitigation Measures: Sanitation awareness program will be conducted, provision of first aid medicine and safety equipments (hand gloves, hard cover helmets and boots etc). Health and accident insurance will be provided by the contractor to all workers.
viii). Traffic Management
189. The project area does experience heavy traffic movement except in the adjoining east west highway. Traffic plans will be prepared to mitigate traffic congestions and disturbances to pedestrians. Temporary disruption of the local access due to construction and excavation could affect pedestrians and other vehicles.
190. Mitigation Measures: Proper diversion signboards and prior notifications of the construction activities will be provided during the construction period.
ix) Livelihood and impact on local economy
191. Since the project will create job opportunity to considerable number of skilled and unskilled people. Large number local women will also have opportunity to get involved in the job. This will create a positive impact on livelihood and economy of the community.
x) Migration Problem:
192. After completion of the project, there will be increase in the population of the project area. The project is designed for 15 year with considering population growth rate. Hence problem of migration will be insignificant.
xi) Impact on Education:
193. Increase in the population of the project area will create pressure on education, but impact on education will be insignificant
4.1.3 Operational and Maintenance Phase Impacts
194. Inadequate Operation and Maintenance of the project will create hazard in terms of safety of the personnel involved as well as in the overall output of the project. Timely monitoring and routine maintenance of the sub system will ensure smooth running of the project and avoid unnecessary obstruction and delays.
• Under sub-optimal operational condition, there will be risk of contamination of water in the distributed system which could lead to disease epidemics throughout the community. Such risk will be minimized by regular monitoring of water in the distribution to ensure that it meets the minimum National Drinking Water Quality Standards (NDWQS). Training will be provided to the staff on water quality assessment and operational supervision will be ensured
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• There is risk of health hazard, especially to the operating staff, due to unmanaged and improper use of chlorine. Guidelines for using chlorine will be developed and proper handling and storage of chlorine to be set up.
• There is a risk of nuisance cause by inadequate disposal of sludge from water storage tank and Treatment plant. The sludge from water storage tank will be disposed in designated areas. The location and design of sludge disposal be made accordingly. • There is a risk of pollution of raw water supply (deep tube well) due to the improper sanitation condition. It could be mitigated by locating the deep tube well site comparatively higher place, sealing the casing, grouting the well casing, protecting the floor by concrete platform and chlorination of well according to the standards to disinfect the pipe and screen of the tubewell.
4.2 DRAINAGE WORKS
195. There is no drainage system to drain out the rain water (runoff water) in service area along side except few stretches in Lamahi bazaar area. Since, the area is situated at the lower foothill; there is no well drainage system in Lamahi. Therefore, various drainage options were discussed with Water User and Sanitation Committee (WUSC) in the meeting and the area for construction of surface drainage was decided in the meeting. A rectangular stone masonry drain with a total length of 6443m has been designed in the area selected by WUSC
4.2.1 Anticipated Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
196. The construction of drain will involve along the road side relatively short length of road. There will no significant environment impact, if proper precautions are taken, however some of the anticipated environmental impacts are as follows:
• The construction activities of drain will be carried out along the road side, chances of erosion and landslides are not expected. But the possibility of falling of children and cattle into trenches of drain has to be avoided, • Due to the construction activities along the road side disturbance to local residents, pedestrian and local amenities are anticipated. • There is chance of air pollution around the area due to the construction of drainage. Besides these, the trucks and tractors that will be used for the transportation of construction materials. The vehicular movement for construction purposes, excavation and other construction activity may release dust and particulate matters • Noise induced from vehicular movement for construction purposes and use of mechanical equipment may have some impact to the workers but not much to the local community. • There is a risk of blocking of drainage especially in dry season by solid waste disposal and accumulation of silt. It may also contain heavy metals and pathogens which may also cause of health and environmental problems.
197. The following mitigation measures are to be included and implemented during the construction of drainage works.
• Reuse of excavated soil properly during the backfilling with well compacted, • Surplus excavated soil will be safely disposed in designated place (existing dumping site).
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• Provide prior information about the construction work and schedule to the public and strictly follow the safety rules of constriction activities. • Exclude the public from the construction site and proper use of sign board, diversion signs etc. • Provide onsite training to workers on safety measures and use of protective equipment like gloves, boots, mask etc. • Public awareness program • Use of tarpaulin to cover loose construction materials (sand and Aggregate) at the time of transportation. • Transportation of construction materials as and when required. • Provision of periodic flushing and cleaning of the drain.
4.3 MITIGATION MEASURES
198. The following Table 4.5 provides the summary of project activities, potential environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measure
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Table 4.5: Types of impacts, mitigation measures, responsibilities and cost Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage Review of None None DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC NA design/Estimate Pre- Project Activity (Project
Review of specification None None DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC/DSC NA of work
Preparation for construction Physical Environment Earthwork in excavation 1. Soil erosion and soil stability • Excavated soil placed safely against Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in for pipe laying and erosion contractors construction works • Reuse of excavated soil properly during bidding documents backfilling the pipe line trench with
proper compaction Earthwork in excavation 2. Air Quality (Dusty Environment) • Frequent sprinkling of water Contractor / DSC/ WSSDO Included in for pipe laying and • Air pollution due to movement of • Monitoring of air quality contractors construction works project vehicles • Use of masks bidding documents • Air pollution due to dust particles • Air pollution due to operation of Pumps & Diesel Generator Earthwork in excavation 3. Noise and Vibration due to: • Restriction on unnecessary honking of "" Construction Phase: for pipe laying and • project vehicular movement horn from the vehicles used for Contractor/ DSC construction works • Noise pollution due to operation of construction purpose Pumps & Diesel Generator • Regularly maintenance of equipment • Mufflers fittings to noisy equipment • Speed restriction Biological Environment
Construction works 4. Impact on natural vegetation and • Restricting use of fuel wood in labour Contractor/ DSC NA ecology (Disturbance and loss of natural camp. vegetation and ecology) • Provision of minimization of vegetation • Construction of different component clearance Phase of system like pipe laying, water tank, • Forestation where ever needed Construction building etc
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage •
5.Loss of habitat (Clearance of • Provision of minimization of vegetation Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC NA bushes/vegetation) clearance • Environmental awareness program • Loss of flora & fauna due to project sitting & related activities • Loss of habitat due to project sitting & related activities • Effects to aquatic life due to wastewater discharge & project activities Socio Economic Environment
Construction works 6. Impairment to infrastructure • Proper precaution to be taken at the time Contractor/WSSDO/ DSC Included in (Construction activities may impair some of construction contractors of the existing community infrastructure • Any damaged to the existing infrastructure bidding documents such as road, foot trail) to be repaired 7.Cultural Practices Contractor NA (Intervention/disturbances on social structure and cultural practice) • Instruction to all workers to act in a • Impact on social structure & cultural responsible manner aspects • Prohibition of use of alcohol and gambling • Impact on employment • Migration • Local economy Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC • Construction Phase 8.Employment of local people (Economic Positive impact on the project and condition of local people increases) community
9.Occupationan Health and safety (impact • Instruction to adopt safety measures Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC on health of workers) • First aid to be easily accessible • Occupational Health and Safety • Workers are to be insurred by the (OHS) contractor. • Socio-economic values
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage • Public health • Aesthetic values • Cultural values 10. Cultural conflict between work force • Cultural awareness of local communities Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC and local people to outside work force • Orientation to outside work force 11. Pollution from outside work force • Proper sanitary condition to be maintained Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC in the labour camp • Collection of solid waste in fixed place • Periodic cleaning Construction works 12. Traffic management • Prior notification of construction activities Contractor/WUSC NA • Traffic congestions and disturbance to • Diversion signboards to be provided pedestrians • Disruption of the local access
Construction works 13. Reinstatement of damaged • Proper reinstatement of the pavement Contractor/ DSC Included in community services an infrastructure works including the road and footpath to contractors such as irrigation canals, road, foot trails, original state bidding documents water supply line etc.
Construction Phase • Difficulties in traffic and pedestrian movement • Visual & aesthetic impacts
Construction of Drain Construction of drain 14. Soil erosion, silt runoff and unsettled • Excavated soil placed safely against Contractor/ DSC Included in cost street surfaces erosion estimate • Reuse of excavated soil properly during backfilling with well compacted • Surplus soil to be disposed in proper places. Construction of drain 15. Air, dust and noise pollution • Frequent sprinkling of water Contractor / DSC/ WSSDO Included in • Air pollution due to movement of • Monitoring of air quantity contractors project vehicle • Use of tarpaulin to cover loose bidding documents • Air pollution due to dust particle construction materials (sand and Phase Aggregate) at the time of transportation. Construction • Transportation of construction materials
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Project Project Activity Potential Environmental Impacts Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibility Cost (Rs) Stage as and when required.
Construction of drain 16. Disturbance and risk of accidents on • Inform the public in advance Contractor/ DSC Included in cost site to workers and public • Follow the safety rules for all construction estimate activities • Exclude the public from the construction site and use of notice board & diversion signs • Use of protective equipment like gloves, boots, face mask etc. Operation of water 17. Risk of contaminated water in the • Regular monitoring of water quality at WUSC/ DWSS NA supply system distribution system different outlets.
18. Health hazard due to unmanaged use • Proper handling and storage of chlorine to WUSC/ DWSS These costs are of chlorine be set up mentioned in the • Guidelines for using chlorine to be contractor provided documents bidding documents for DLP period Operation of drain 19. Blockage of drain especially during • Periodic flushing and cleaning of the Contractor/ DSC Included in cost
Operational Phase dry season by solid waste disposal and drain lines estimate accumulation of silt • Public awareness
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4.4 MITIGATION COST
199. In order to address the issues and mitigate the impacts on environment during implementation and post implementation and maintenance phase, the following cost is estimated. The mitigation cost for construction phase has been included in the cost estimation of the project.
Table 4.6: Mitigation cost SN Activities Estimated Cost (NRs) Spoil management along and across the 150,000.00 1 road for frequent traffic and pedestrian
movement Provision of first aid medicine and safety 2 equipments (hand gloves, hard cover 125,000.00 helmets and boots etc) Provision of cost for reconstruction of 3 225,000.00 community infrastructure Total: (NRs) 500,000.00
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Chapter V: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES WITH AND WITHOUT PROJECT SITUATIONS
200. The alternatives analysis of the project in terms of project location, technology, implementation procedure and raw materials used have been studied and analysed. The alternatives in environmental studies can also be analyzed and compared in term of "No Action" option with the proposed "Action Option". No action option defines the scenario of present situation, which means that one has to note of what is happening without any interventions.
5.1 PROJECT LOCATION ALTERNATIVE
201. No significant environmental impact has been found with the present location of the project. The location of project components such boreholes, reservoir and treatment plant has been decided in consultation with local people and WUSC and the area managed by WUSC. Similarly the alignment of transmission line and distribution pipe has been fixed with minimum environmental impacts. The impacts associated with the location of project components are therefore minimal and insignificant.
5.2 PROJECT DESIGN ALTERNATIVE
202. The project has been designed to abstract ground water in deep aquifer. Arjun Khola is situated at west side and need to go far to gain head for gravity system. Rapti river located just south of the project area, has not been used instead of ground water, because more expensive than utilizing ground water sources.
203. The ground water will be extracted by digging deep boreholes which will be collected in ground reservoir and overhead tanks and subsequently distributed after basic treatment/disinfection. Two options for distribution involved either pumping or gravity system of flow. Since the area is a flat terrain, gravity system could not be considered feasible for transmission main and hence pumping system has been adopted. Similarly, gravity system is enough for distribution system from ground/OHT. Therefore, the proposed design of the project has no other alternatives.
5.3 TECHNOLOGY CHOICE & CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES ALTERNATIVE
204. Most of the technology proposed for the project are simple and labour intensive with minimal use of heavy machinery. There is no use of explosives and other danger chemicals. Appropriate technology and equipment to suit the local condition will be used. There could be some noise and disturbance in the land system during drilling of the boreholes, but those are temporary and can be minimized with careful handling and protective measures. The construction materials to be used are local as far as possible, so that there is minimal impact associated with transport and storage of the raw materials. The project structures will be made inaccessible by fencing or building compound wall. Local man power will be used as far as possible so that the local knowledge of the area is utilized and chances of conflicts are minimized. Hence, the proposed project has minimal impact against alternative technology and construction choice.
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5.4 NO ACTION OPTION
205. Although there exist a water supply system currently covering some parts of the project area, the quality of the water supplied is not adequate and the supply is erratic. The demand is growing and the local people are suffering from severe shortage of water supply. The local people in the project area are quite receptive of the project and will involved in the every phases of project.
206. If the project is not implemented; the people of the project area will still have to suffer the existing water supply and sanitation problems. They will have to continue using the water drawn from shallow tube wells which have high iron content and high risk of contamination.
207. The only advantage of "No Action" alternative is that the few adverse impacts as outlined be avoided and the entire project cost will be saved. However, because most of those impacts are not significantly harmful and are site specific or local, the advantage far outweighs the disadvantages.
5.5 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE 208. The cost requires for operation and maintenance has been kept in contract for the first year after completion of the project. Similarly, the cost required after completion of post construction of the project has been estimated and accordingly, the water tariff has been determined.
5.6 IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT OPTION
209. The relatively stable topographical condition, sparse vegetation covers and limited loss of arable land in the project area favours the implementation of a cost effective and environmentally sustainable water supply and sanitation scheme.
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Chapter VI: INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
210. The proposed project has been designed in a participatory approach. The local people and concerned stakeholders have been and will be involved in every phases of the project including project design, construction and operation and maintenance. Public participation provided an opportunity to interact with the beneficiaries and understand their opinion regarding the project.
6.1 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
211. A public notice was published in the Samachar Patra, a National Daily newspaper on 2067-11-19 B.S. (3rd March, 2011) requesting comments and suggestions from all the interested parties. A copy of this public notice is included in Annex-III. The notice was also posted in the school, health post, V.D.C. office and other local areas in the project area and the deed of public inquiry (Muchulka) was collected.
6.2 INDIVIDUAL/INSTITUTIONS CONTACTED 212. All the concerned authorities such as VDC was contacted and their consensus regarding project implementation was obtained. Apart from the concerned authorities, other institutions such as community organizations and other local bodies were approached to and their suggestions and opinions were collected. A focus group discussion (FGD) was held at project area with WUSC and key stakeholders and their concern regarding the project construction and implementation were listened and clarified. Another view regarding environmental effects and remedial measures were discussed.
213. The list of key people stakeholders contacted during public consultation held at WUSC’s office are presented in Table 6.1.
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Table 6.1: Key people stakeholders contacted during public consultation SN Name of Participants Designation Address 1 Mr. Bim Bahadur K.C. WUSC Chairman Chailahi VDC 2 Mr. Dilip Raj Khanal WUSC Vice-Chairman Chailahi VDC 3 Mr. Tilak Neupane WUSC Secretary Chailahi VDC 4 Mr. Devendra K. Budhathoki WUSC Treasurer Chailahi VDC 5 Ms. Shova Kala Khanal WUSC Member Chailahi VDC 6 Ms. Parvati Thapa WUSC Member Chailahi VDC 7 Ms. Parvati K.C. WUSC Member Chailahi VDC 8 Mr. Om Prasad Subedi WUSC Member Chailahi VDC 9 Mr. Dil Kumar Shrestha WUSC Member Chailahi VDC 10 Ms. Rati Nepali Water Users Chailahi VDC 11 Ms. Uma Chaudhary Water Users Chailahi VDC 12 Mr. Jhabindra Aacharya Water Users Chailahi VDC 13 Mr. Tribikram Yogi Water Users Chailahi VDC 14 Mr. Yadav Lamichhane Water Users Chailahi VDC 15 Mr. Kamata Prasad Chaudhary Water Users Chailahi VDC 16 Mr. Mahadev Sunar Water Users Chailahi VDC 17 Mr. Purna Upreti Water Users Chailahi VDC 18 Mr. Raju Sahi Water Users Chailahi VDC 19 Mr.Keshav Raj Oli Water Users Chailahi VDC 20 Ms Dibuki Chaudhary Water Users Chailahi VDC 21 Ms. Rita Devi Gharti Water Users Chailahi VDC 22 Mr. Budhdhi Man Chaudhary Chairman Chailahi VDC Office
214. During FGD meeting, the people said that there will be positive impact on environment and vegetation growth due to extraction of water from deep boring. The local worker need to be involved during construction as far possible to preserve social cultural environmental. During excavation of pipe line trench, dust may deteriorate the existing environment for a short period, precaution need to be taken to reduce such impacts. The details of FGD are given in Annex-IV
6.3 COMMENTS/SUGGESTIONS/ISSUES RAISED
215. No comments and suggestion were received from the institutional, organisation within the given time frame, where the notice was posted. Also, no written comments and suggestion were received from public within the given time frame notified through National Daily Newspaper.
216. The summary of the focus group discussion (FGD) were as follows: • Local workers need to be involved during construction as far as possible to preserved
social culture environmental. • There is no impact on forest due to the construction work and proposed tube well is
isolated from the community, so no inverse impact on environment. • During the excavation of pipeline trench, dust may deteriorate the existing environment
for short period, precaution need to be taken to reduce such impacts by sprinkling water. • The wastage comes from concrete and masonry work will be managed properly. • The waste water comes from the individual household will be managed by each
household by constructing soak pit to improved environment. • During pipe laying, existing road, drain and other structure will be safe as far as possible.
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Chapter VII: GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISM
217. The Grievance and Redress Mechanism is necessary to address the grievances of the people in the project. The Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO) will be responsible to address the issues and problems raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation etc. during the implementation of the project. The Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office ask the Environment Specialist of the DSC to assist in the handling of grievances and the community level stakeholders will be encouraged to help in the handling of grievances at the project sites.
218. The affected person / community will submit written grievances / complaints to the Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO) located at Ghorahi, Dang. The WSSDO with the help from Environmental Specialist of the DSC will try to solve the grievance at the project level. WSSDO will respond the affected person/ institution within a week (or 7 days) and clarify their concern. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO will forward it to Project Director at SSTWSSSP, Kathmandu. The SSTWSSSP office at Kathmandu will clarify the grievance and inform WSSDO within 15 days. If the grievance cannot be resolved even by the SSTWSSSP, it will be finally forwarded to the Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) will respond within 21 days
Fig. 7.1: Grievance Redress Mechanism
DWSS (within 21 days)
SSTWSSSP (within 15 days)
Redress WSSDO Environmental Specialist (within 7 days)
Grievance
Affected Person
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Chapter VIII: MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT
8.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
219. The SSTWSSSP will set out environmental management requirements to develop procedures that ensure all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in this Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) report. The EMP will actually be carried out in subsequent stages of project development, operation and post operation phase of the proposed project.
8.1.1 Objectives of the EMP
220. The basic objectives of the EMP are to: • Formulate environmental management requirements to ensure that all mitigation measures and monitoring requirements specified in the approved IEE report will actually be carried out in different stages of project development and operation; • Define environmental management principles and guidelines for the pre-construction, construction, operation and post operation phases of project development; • Recommend a plan of action and a means of testing this plan to meet existing and projected environmental problems; • Establish the roles and responsibilities of all parties involved in project environmental management; • Describe mitigation measures that be implemented to avoid or mitigate adverse environmental impacts by maximizing the positive ones; • Establish a supervision, monitoring, auditing and reporting framework; • Ensure implementation of recommended corrective actions aimed for environmental management and its enhancement; and • Ensure that the environment of the project area and its surrounding areas is protected and developed to meet the needs of the local people, the stakeholders and safeguard the interest of common people.
8.2. MITIGATION AND MONITORING
221. Environmental monitoring is required to identify the changes in the environmental quality over the time. It is also an integral part of the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures. Environmental monitoring generates real data and improves the quality of implementation of mitigation measures.
8.2.1 Monitoring Indicators
222. The project also includes performance indicators for:
Water Quantity
• Availability of at least 65 LPCD of drinking water during the summer months; • Trend in falling ground water table arrested/reversed
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Water quality
• Residual chlorine test at the service reservoir and public taps • Number of toilets using 'safe' sanitation technologies • Decline in the number of cases of parasites • Number of awareness programs organized, attendees and simple pre- and post evaluation to assess the efficiency of training
Lack of sanitation and environmental health
• Percentage/number of households with access to safe sanitation and environmental hygiene facilities • Cases of diarrhoea in children under five years of age
8.2.2 Types of Monitoring
223. Monitoring is continuous measurement of proposed actions to examine what changes have been taken place, what has gone wrong and who to improve them. Usually, monitoring takes place in three aspects:
a) Baseline Monitoring: In this monitoring, pre-project information is compared with the information obtained during the project implementation. Any changes that have occurred during the period of time will be recorded. However, most of the major baseline information of this project has already been collected and there are very few chances will change till implementation phase. Therefore, baseline monitoring will not be conducted unless any striking new scenarios in terms of physical and socio-economic conditions emerge.
b) Impact Monitoring: It is carried out to examine the occurrence of impacts identified and predicted impacts. It is necessary to know the actual level of impact in the field during the construction and operation of the project as the environmental impacts are predicted based on value judgment with some valid assumptions.
c) Compliance Monitoring: It is carried out to examine whether the compliance of the condition prescribed in laws and regulations have been followed in implementation of the project. It is essential to encourage and promote the proponent to comply with the requirements as listed in the mitigation measures and any condition set forth during the project approval.
8.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
8.3.1 Environmental Monitoring Plan during different phases of Project Implementation
224. The environmental mitigation measures proposed is implemented in different phases of the project implementation (design, pre-construction, construction, operation; post-operation phases).
225. Mitigation measures and monitoring indicators during both construction and operation stage of the water supply projects are listed below and shown in Table 8.1.
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Table 8.1: Types of mitigation measures, monitoring parameters, responsibilities and cost
Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored Pre-Construction Phase Review of Design/Estimate Technical Design At respective After submission DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC NA office of design report Review of specification of Technical At respective After submission DWSS/SSTWSSSP/PMC NA work specification office of design report regarding materials and workmanship Physical Environment Construction Phase 1. Soil erosion and soil • Excavated soil placed • Stacking of soil At construction Twice a week Contractor/WSSDO/DSC Included in stability safely against erosion • Quantity of soil site contractors • Reuse of excavated soil remain bidding properly during backfilling documents the pipe line trench with well compacted
2. Air Quality (Dusty • Frequent sprinkling of • Dust in Air Wherever Every day Contractor/WSSDO/DSC Included in Environment) water earthwork is contractors • Monitoring of air quantity going on bidding • Use of masks documents 3. Noise and Vibration • Restriction on • Control on use of Wherever Daily during Contractor/WSSDO/DSC NA unnecessary honking of blowing horns earthwork is construction horn from the vehicles going on used for construction purpose • Periodic • Regularly maintenance maintenance of equipment record • Mufflers fittings to noisy equipment • Controlling speed • Speed restriction
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored Biological Environment Construction Phase 4. Impact on natural • Restricting use of fuel • Smoke, coal • Labour camp • Biannually WSSDO/WUSC Nil vegetation and ecology wood in labour camp. • Cleared area • Reservoir site (Disturbance and loss of • Provision of minimization • Afforested area, natural vegetation and of vegetation clearance ecology) 5. Loss of flora & fauna • Provision of minimization • Appearance of • Reservoir site • Biannually WSSDO/WUSC Nil due to project sitting & of vegetation clearance fauna related activities • Environmental awareness program • Restricting use of fuel wood in labour camp. Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment Construction Phase 6. Impairment to • Proper precaution to be • Uninterrupted • Along pipeline • Daily Contractor/ WSSDO/DSC Included in infrastructure taken at the time of human movement route contractors (Construction activities construction bidding may impair some of the • Any damaged to the document. existing community existing infrastructure has to be repaired infrastructure such as road, foot trail etc.) 7. Cultural Practice • Instruction to all workers • Behaviours of local • Construction • Weekly Contractor/ WSSDO/DSC Nil (Intervention/disturbance to act in a responsible people workers camp on social structure & manner • Alcohol bottle, • culture practice) Prohibition of use of quarrels alcohol and gambling • Cultural awareness of local communities to outside work force • Orientation to outside work 8. Employment of local • Positive impact on the • Appearance of • Construction • Weekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Nil people (Economic project and community local people in site condition of local people work force increases)
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored
9. Occupational Health and • Instruction to adopt • Use of safety • Construction • Biweekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Included in safety safety measures measures viz. site contractor’s • First aid to be easily Helmet, safety belt bidding accessible etc. document. 10. Pollution from outside • Proper sanitary condition • Sick labours • Construction • Biweekly Contractor/WSSDO/DSC/WUSC Included in work force to be maintained in the • Waste and site and contractor’s labour camp (Sanitary cleanliness of area labour camp bidding toiler, safe drinking document. water) • Collection of solid waste in fixed place • Periodic cleaning 11. Traffic management • Prior notification of • Notice boards • Construction • As needed Contractor/ WUSC Included in the • Traffic congestions and construction activities • Use of diversion site project cost disturbance to pedestrians • Diversion signboards to sign boards • Disruption of the local be provided access Construction of Drainage Work 12. Soil erosion, silt runoff • Excavated soil placed • Stacking of soil • At • Twice a week Contractor/ DSC Included in cost and unsettled street safely against erosion • Quantity of soil construction estimate surfaces • Reuse of excavated soil remain site properly during • backfilling with well compacted • Surplus soil to be disposed in proper places. (Arjun Khola and Existing dumping site) 13. Air, dust and noise • Frequent sprinkling of • Dust in Air • Wherever • Every day Contractor / DSC/ WSSDO Included in pollution water • earthwork is contractors • Monitoring of air quantity going on bidding • Use of tarpaulin to cover documents loose construction materials (sand and Aggregate) at the time of transportation. • Transportation of
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Parameters to be Types of Impact Mitigation Measures Location Frequency Responsibilities Cost monitored construction materials as and when required.
14. Disturbance and risk of • Inform the public in • Use of safety Construction Weekly WUSC Included in cost accidents on site to advance measures site estimate workers and public • Follow the safety rules • Availability of first for all construction aid medicine at activities site • Exclude the public from • Accident records the construction site and use of notice board & diversion signs • Use of protective equipment like gloves, boots, face mask etc. Operation Phase 15. Risk of contaminated • Regular visual • Water quality • At community • Monthly WUSC/DWSS NIl water in the distribution observation & carryout parameter for tap and system maintenance work drinking water is to household • Regular water quality be tested monthly connection monitoring of water in • Regularly • Pipe line route • Daily the distribution system inspection will be • Training to the staff on done to detect any water quality leakage from pipe assessment line 16. Health hazard due to • Proper handling and • Use of safety Construction Weekly WUSC Included in cost unmanaged use of storage of chlorine to be measures site estimate chlorine set up Health of workers • Guidelines for using chlorine to be provided Operation of Drain 17. Blockage of drain • Periodic flushing and • Stacking of water • Drainage site • Two times in a Contractor Included in the especially during dry cleaning of the drain lines in the drain and yearly cost estimate season by solid waste • Public awareness discharge at outfall disposal and of the drain accumulation of silt
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8.3.2 Mechanism for Monitoring
226. The EIA/IEE Report Review Committee under MPPW have the overall responsibility and will monitor all activities from planning to construction and operational phases of the project, mainly for impact and compliance monitoring. The environmental monitoring and management plan will be so designed that the contractor is monitored during the construction phase to see that the work is done according to the contract document in which mitigation measures are specified. The EMP will also require regular monitoring of the actual environmental impacts during project operation over the years following project completion.
227. The SSTWSSSP/PMC under DWSS has a Project Management Office in Kathmandu. For base line monitoring, a committee should be formed at local level consisting of representatives from DWSO, VDC, civil societies and local user community. District Engineer of DWSO should act as member secretary of the Monitoring Committee. This committee should be assigned following duties and responsibilities. • The committee should meet at least twice a month; • The committee should collect all complaints from the local people concerning distribution, pipeline etc and should discuss in the meeting for the final decisions. • The monitoring committee should identify the mistakes and deficiency regarding the project and should discuss in the meeting for the purpose of correction; • Any negligence regarding the water quality should be considered and take necessary action. • The committee should also supervise and issue necessary instruction.
Examine monitoring reports periodically and take necessary actions if required etc
8.3.3 Monitoring Cost
228. The cost required for the environmental monitoring has been provided in Table 8.2.
Table 8.2: Environmental monitoring cost SN Particulars Estimated Amount Remarks 1 Skill development training for periodic 100,000.00 maintenance and laboratory testing 2 Monitoring Cost (expenses for expert for 400,000.00 For 2 years observation and monitoring during construction and operation phases) 3 Public awareness program 100,000.00 4 Miscellaneous 100,000.00 Sub-total 700,000.00 Contingency @ 20% 140,000.00 Total 840,000.00
8.3.4 Modality of Operation
• Determination of potential impacts of the proposed project. • Analysis of alternatives of proposed project sites. • Development of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate adverse impacts and enhancement of beneficial impacts.
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• Identification of institutional needs to implement IEE recommended mitigation/ enhancement measures. • Development of monitoring plan. • Auditing plan. • Inter-agency coordination and public/ NGO participation
8.3.5 Environmental Procedures and Institutions
229. The main institutions to be involved for environmental management of the proposed project are presented in the Table 8.3.
Table 8.3: Environmental management roles and responsibilities of different parties SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule I MOPPW Monitoring of the project design, construction, and At least once in a year during operation and post operation activities against approved construction and operation and IEE and EMAP measures and National Environmental once in two years in post Standards. operation phase.
Auditing of project general performance during operation Every two years in operation and and post operation phase. post operation phase 2 DWSS Monitoring of project design, construction and operation At least three times a year during activities against approved IEE and EMAP measures and construction and operation and National Environmental Standards. once in a year during post operation phase. 3 PMO, Ensure that the IEE and EMAP measures are incorporated Prior to contract award SSTWSSSP in the final project design.
Acquire necessary permits and approval for project Before construction construction and operation
Ensure that the project construction, operation and post During construction, operation operation activities are in accordance with EMAP and other and post operation phase GON legislative requirements.
Monitoring and record keeping regarding environmental During construction, operation measures and impacts, and post operation phase.
Ensure public participation and involvement in all phases During construction, operation on project implementation and post operation of the project. and post operation phase.
Ensure implementation of environmental enhancement programs with involvement of local bodies and communities During construction and operation phase. 4 Relevant VDC Follow and ensure day-to-day activities of the project Daily during operation phase. operation that best fits to meet environmental standards.
Ensure air quality, noise and vibration level within Once in from month during acceptable standards. operation phase. 5 Consultant Incorporate environmental mitigation measures as per IEE During final design in the final design. 6 Construction Supervision and compliance monitoring of construction Daily & Operation contractor’s activities and project operation activities with Phase regard to environmental mitigation measures as per IEE Supervisor report and EMAP.
Environmental audits of construction contractors and Once in a year operator’s activities and audit reports. During construction and operation Ensure public participation and involvement in project phase.
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SN Organization Roles and Responsibilities Time Schedule construction. 7 Construction Implement mitigation measures as specified. Daily during construction phase Contractor Monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation Regularly during construction measures implemented. phase. 8 Operator Implement mitigation measures as specified. Daily during operation phase
Monitoring and record keeping of environmental mitigation Daily during operation phase. measures adopted during project operation. 9 Other Monitor that the environmental mitigation measures and Project period. Stakeholders enhancement measures are implemented in all stages of (VDC, DDC) the project.
Ensure that the public participation and Project period. involvement in the project implementation and operation phase is maximized by the project proponent
8.3.6 Potential Environmental Enhancement Measures
230. The proposed water supply and sanitation project aims to provide water supply and sanitation facilities to the community of Chailahi VDC. The training and awareness program in health and sanitation activities will be launched in the community. The occupational, health and safety activities, usage of water and their importance will be explained in the training program. Technical trainings need to be provided to supervision staffs for the successful operation of the water supply and sanitation system. The sufficient staffs will be mobilised to monitor the system. The local people will be employed as local staff as much as possible. The degradation site will be restored by plantation and protection of sites. Hence, the project is expected to bring a significant improvement condition and enhance the quality of life.
8.3.7 Documentation and Reporting
231. The contractor has a crucial role in ensuring that the mitigation measures are implemented during project construction phase. The contractor should develop an Environmental Mitigation Execution Plan (EMEP) based on EMP. The contractor has to report weekly about the progress of its work together with day-to-day practical aspect of project implementation to the DSC. It is suggested that a team comprising of WUSC member and contract workers be established at the onset of the project to make periodic reporting to the DSC.
232. Six copies draft IEE report will be prepared and sent to the proponent (SSTWSSSP) for review, and after receiving and incorporating its comments, the report will be sent again SSTWSSSP. SSTWSSSP will send the report to ADB and MoPPW for their review. The six copies final report will be prepared and submitted to SSTWSSSP and also made available to any concerned individual or institution through website. The report also consists of summary in both English and Nepali language so that all kind of general people can understand the project. The summary and approved report will be available SSTWSSSP, WSSDO or in ADB’s website.
233. As a part of EMP, reports should be produced and submitted at regular time intervals depending upon type and size of project during construction and post construction period respectively. Since, the construction period is two years, four copies each monthly report and trimester reports will be prepared and submitted to the SSTWSSSP/PMC office, Kathmandu. After completion of the project, the Project Completion Report (PCR) four copies will be prepared and submitted.
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Each report will include physical progress of construction works, environmental monitoring activities etc.
234. The Contractor will be needed to get the implementing agency’s approval for the worker’s arrangements and agreement for environmental protection, health and safety, waste management and other environment related actions identified during the IEE Study and these must be written into the Contract Document.
235. WSSDO will inform the SSTWSSSP/PMC office in case of non-compliance and of any other environmental issues that require immediate attention. The contract will detail the remedies for non compliance by the Contractor.
236. The monthly reports will be based on recurrent site inspections and will report on the effectiveness of the mitigation measures; the Contractor's compliance with the environmental specifications; measures recommended in the events of non-compliance and recommendations for any other remedial actions, etc.
237. This Environmental Management Plan (EMP) makes also provision for a set of monitoring activities that are designed to ensure the effectiveness of the proposed management. The monitoring activities also will help to improve/maintain an environmentally and socially sound and acceptable level once the water supply project has been completed and becomes fully operational.
8.3.7.1 Implementation of EMP
238. The SSTWSSSP (Proponent) will be responsible for the implementation of mitigation measures as given under EMAP during design, construction and post construction stage proposed in Chapter VIII. Various agencies including concerned governmental line agencies will support implementing agency for the implementation of mitigation measures. The detail action plan for activities to be carried out to augment beneficial impacts and control/mitigate adverse impact produced from the implementation of Proposal and responsible implementing and supporting agencies are provided in Chapter VIII (Table 8.1).
8.3.8 Procurement Plan and Cost Estimates
8.3.8.1 Cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities
239. The cost for the recommended mitigation measures and monitoring activities are described in the Table 4.6 and Table 8.2. Cost of mitigation measures directly linked to the construction activities (such as erosion control measures) are not included in the cost estimates as most of these are already included in the construction and operation and maintenance cost of the project.
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Table 8.4: Cost for EMP SN Item Cost 1 Cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures 500,000.00 2 Cost for Enhancement Measures Nil Cost Other Social Support Programs and Corporate Social 3 Nil Responsibility (CRS) 4 840,000.00 Cost for Environmental Monitoring
Total Environmental Cost 1,340,000.00 Total Project Cost (Water Supply + Sanitation) 218,199,121.00 Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost 0.62%
8.3.8.2 Project Cost
240. The rate analysis of the Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project has been calculated using district rate of fiscal year 2067-2068 BS. Some items having no GoN norms, practical experience has been used. 15% contractors' overhead and profit has been included in rate analysis for all items of works used in the project design. The rates of materials not provided in the district rate are taken from the prevalent market price. The rates of pipes and fittings are taken from Dang District, as far as possible. The quantity estimate of the structures and pipes has been calculated. Based upon the calculated rate obtained from rate analysis and estimated quantities, the cost of each component has been calculated in detail. The cost of each component has been added to obtain total cost of water supply system. The project cost includes 5% contingencies for price adjustment, 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT. The detailed cost estimate of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is presented in Volume III of detailed engineering design report.
8.3.8.3 Capital Cost of Water Supply System
241. The total project cost for the development of new water supply system at Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation is Nrs. 172,985,115.78. The cost includes contractors' overhead and profit, two types of contingencies and VAT. The summary of cost of each component has been given in Table 8.5.
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Table 8.5: Cost of water supply component SN Description of Works Qty. Unit Unit Rate Costs 1 Water Supply Component A General Items 1 Job 6,043,078.51 6,043,078.51 B Drilling and Installing 300/200mm diameter Deep 1 Job 2,654,979.11 2,654,979.11 Tube well of depth 125m by RIG Machine C Civil Works 1 Bore Hole plate form 1 Nos. 72,404.88 72,404.88 2 Over Head Intz Water Tank-150 cum capacity and 20m 1 Nos. 5,556,022.37 5,556,022.37 height 3 Aerator (Size: 7.00 m x 7.20 m) 1 Nos. 4,315,789.91 4,315,789.91 4 400 m3 Circular RCC RVT (Size: 11.85m dia. 4.0m 2 Nos. 4,592,958.44 9,185,916.88 Height) 5 Pipe Valve Box (107 Nos.) 1 Job 545,796.21 545,796.21 6 Sectional Valve Chamber- Type-II(Size 0.9m x 0.9m x 10 Nos. 24,763.69 247,636.90 1.0m) 7 Earthwork in excavation and back filling for Pipe laying 1 Job 13,639,531.62 13,639,531.62 and Jointing(102271.43m) 8 Generator/Guard House 2 Job 694,417.07 1,388,834.14 9 Boundary Wall and Site Development(98.5+12+12)m 1 Nos. 1,091,479.65 1,091,479.65 10 Pipe Support Block 50 Nos. 2,838.63 141,931.68 12 Environmental Mitigation Work 1 Job 5,00,000.00 5,00,000.00 Sub-Total C: 36,685,344.24 D Pipes, Electrical Works 1 Transmission Main(DI2,806m and GI Pipe 96m) 1 Job 12,961,843.23 12,961,843.23 2 Distribution Main ( HDPE 52,160m, GI 260m and DI 1 Job 32,675,861.85 32,675,861.85 1,905m with laying and joining) 3 Fittings Requirement for Transmission and Distribution 1 Job 8,325,412.23 8,325,412.23 Pipes 4 Household Connections (2,569 Nos.) 1 Job 18,797,043.49 18,797,043.49 5 Electrical and electromechanical works including 1 Job 9,517,605.00 9,517,605.00 generator, transformer, pumps etc Sub-Total D: 82,277,765.80 E Tools & Equipment and Water Lab Instruments 1 Job 509,424.00 F Operation and Maintenance Cost for base year 1 Job 4,946,080.74 Sub total A, B, C, D, E & F ---- ( i ) 133,116,672.40 Physical contingencies 10% of i ---( ii = i x 0.10) 13,311,667.24 Price contingencies 5% of i ---( iii = i x 0..5) 6,655,833.62 Sub total including contingencies ----(iv=i+ii+iii) 153,084,173.26 VAT 13% of iii ----- (v=iv*0.13) 19,900,942.52 Total W/S cost including contingencies and VAT --- 172,985,115.78 ( vi = iv +v)
242. The cost estimate of sanitation component has been determined. Physical price contingencies and VAT are included in the cost estimate. The Table 8.5 shows the detailed cost of sanitation components and total project cost of water supply and sanitation component.
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Table 8.6: Cost of sanitation component SN Description of Works Qty. Unit Unit Rate Costs 2 Sanitation Component 1 Institutional Latrine including Septic tank & Sock pit 1 Nos. 421,629.41 421,629.41 (up to 200 Student.) 2 Institutional Latrine including Septic tank & Sock pit 1 Nos. 547,522.04 547,522.04 (up to 200 Student.) 3 Institutional Latrine including Septic tank & Sock pit 2 Nos. 661,819.32 1,323,638.64 (up to 200 Student.) 4 Institutional Latrine including Septic tank & Sock pit 1 Nos. 701,408.16 701,408.16 (up to 200 Student.) 5 Storm Drainage (6443 m) 1 Job. 24,301,055.74 24,301,055.74 6 Compound Wall for dumping site 1 Job. 4,411,367.96 4,411,367.96 7 Purchasing of Tractor 1 Nos. 1,500,000.00 1,500,000.00 Sub-total i 33,206,621.95 Physical contingencies 10% of i ---( ii = i x 0.10) 3,320,662.20 Price contingencies 5% of i ---( iii = i x 0.10) 1,660,331.10 Sub Total of Sanitation cost including 38,187,615.24 contingencies and VAT ---( iv =i+ii+iii) VAT 13% of iv ……… (v=iv x 0.13) 4,964,389.98
Total of Sanitation cost (Agreed by WUSC) 43,152,005.22 including contingencies and VAT … (vi = iv =v)
3 Other Sanitation Component (without contingencies and VAT)
i Provision of ODF (658HHs) 658 Job 1,000.00 658,000.00
ii Provision of OBA (156HHs) 156 Job 9,000.00 1,404,000.00
Total Sanitation Cost including contingencies and VAT 45,214,005.22 4 Total Cost of the Project (WS + 218,199,121.00 Sanitation(Agreed by WUSC) + Other Sanitation Component)
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Chapter IX: CONCLUSION
243. On reviewing the existing environmental conditions and the characteristics of the proposed project, it can be concluded that the proposed Lamahi Water Supply and Sanitation Project has minimal adverse impacts on the socio-economic, physical and biological aspects of the project area and the impacts can be easily mitigated. The proposed water supply and sanitation project aims at providing adequate and safe drinking water to the community of Lamahi VDC. If the project is properly implemented and environmental issues considered, there will be a significant improvement in the health of the people, household and community hygiene practice and environmental sanitation thereby increasing the quality of life and community health
244. There are no major objections from the local community except that the manpower (labours) should be employed locally and local resources should be used as far as practicable. Proposed mitigation measures should be implemented wherever applicable in the course of construction and operation of the proposed project.
245. From the study, it can be seen that no adverse or harmful impacts of any significance are expected, so a full scale EIA is not required. The project falls under category B of ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009) for which only IEE is required.
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REFERENCES
1. Detailed Project Report of Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal
2. ‘’Environment Protection Act, 2054 and Environment Protection Regulation 2054’’ with amended, Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology, Singhdurbar, Kathmandu
3. ‘’Terms of References’’ of Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project, 2011, Department of Water Supply and Sewerage, Second Small Town Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Annex I: Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist of Water Supply and Social Survey Questionnaire
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Rapid Environmental Assessment (REA) Checklist
Instructions: (i) The project team completes this checklist to support the environmental classification of a project. It is to be attached to the environmental categorization form and submitted to the Environment and Safeguards Division (RSES) for endorsement by the Director, RSES and for approval by the Chief Compliance Officer. (ii) This checklist focuses on environmental issues and concerns. To ensure that social dimensions are adequately considered, refer also to ADB's (a) checklists on involuntary resettlement and Indigenous Peoples; (b) poverty reduction handbook; (c) staff guide to consultation and participation; and (d) gender checklists. (iii) Answer the questions assuming the “without mitigation” case. The purpose is to identify potential impacts. Use the “remarks” section to discuss any anticipated mitigation measures.
Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Country/Project Title:
SSTWSSSP, DWSS Sector Division:
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS A.PROJECT SITING
IS THE PROJECT AREA…
DENSELY POPULATED? Densely populated only in core bazaar area and scattered households in other area. HEAVY WITH DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES? No any heavy development activities within the project area. Only small scale development activities are exists. ADJACENT TO OR WITHIN ANY
ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE AREAS?
• CULTURAL HERITAGE SITE No any cultural heritage site within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• PROTECTED AREA No any protected area within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• WETLAND No wetland area within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• MANGROVE No mangrove area within or adjacent and nearby the project area.
• ESTUARINE no Estuarine area within or adjacent and nearby the project area
• BUFFER ZONE OF protected AREA No buffer zone of protected area within or adjacent and nearby the project area. SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS • SPECIAL AREA FOR PROTECTING No special area for protecting biodiversity within or BIODIVERSITY adjacent and nearby the project area.
• BAY No any bay within or adjacent and nearby the project area. B.POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTSWill the Project cause… pollution of raw water supply from upstream wastewater discharge from communities, industries, Almost all the household in the project area have agriculture, and soil erosion runoff? their own latrine with septic tank and the outlets
from the septic tank are not connected to the drain. There are no big industries within the project area. So waste water from households will not pollute raw water supply. impairment of historical/cultural monuments/areas and loss/damage to these sites? No any historical/cultural monuments area within the
project area. No any chances of loss/damage to those sites. hazard of land subsidence caused by excessive ground water pumping? The proposed water sources are stream, no need of ground water pumping. social conflicts arising from displacement of communities ? No displacement of the communities, hence no social conflicts exists. conflicts in abstraction of raw water for water supply with other beneficial water uses for surface and Tapped water quantity is very less in comparison to ground waters? the total yield of the sources.
unsatisfactory raw water supply (e.g. excessive pathogens or mineral constituents)? Water quality test shows that quality of water is suitable for water supply after some treatment. delivery of unsafe water to distribution system? Water will be supplied after complete treatment only.
inadequate protection of intake works or wells, leading to pollution of water supply? Enough protection works will be carried out in intake.
over pumping of ground water, leading to salinization and ground subsidence? The proposed water sources are stream, no need of ground water pumping. excessive algal growth in storage reservoir? Water will be stored in reservoir after treatment
process. There will be no excessive growth of algae. Also reservoir will be cleaned periodically. increase in production of sewage beyond capabilities of community facilities? Almost all the household in the project area have their own latrine with septic tank and the outlets from the septic tank are not connected to the drain. SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS inadequate disposal of sludge from water treatment plants? Treatment plants will not produce big quantity of sludge. However the sludge will be disposed at the natural drain. inadequate buffer zone around pumping and treatment plants to alleviate noise and other possible nuisances Treatment plant will not make noise and other and protect facilities? possible nuisances.
impairments associated with transmission lines and access roads? Most of the pipe line route follows the foot track hence no any impairments associate with transmission lines and access roads. health hazards arising from inadequate design of facilities for receiving, storing, and handling of No any hazardous chemicals will be used. Only chlorine and other hazardous chemicals. chlorine will be used for disinfection of water, will
not cause health hazards. health and safety hazards to workers from handling and management of chlorine used for disinfection, Chlorine will be used for disinfection at the time of other contaminants, and biological and physical operation of the projects. Trained manpower will be hazards during project construction and operation? deployed for this purposes, hence will not cause any
health and safety hazard to the workers. dislocation or involuntary resettlement of people? This type of problem will not rise.
disproportionate impacts on the poor, women and children, Indigenous Peoples or other vulnerable Project will be benefited for all types of society. groups? Besides this poor, women and indigenous people or other vulnerable groups will get opportunities to work in the project construction work and earn money. noise and dust from construction activities? At the time of construction there will be noise and
dust from construction activities in some extent but will not cause serious problems increased road traffic due to interference of construction activities? At the time of construction there will increased road
traffic from construction activities in some extent but will not interference for any traffic movement and also will not cause serious problems. continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations? There is no big amount of earthwork in one place, hence no cause of continuing soil erosion/silt runoff from construction operations. delivery of unsafe water due to poor O&M treatment processes (especially mud accumulations in filters) Trained man power will be deployed from the users and inadequate chlorination due to lack of adequate committee for the operation and maintenance of the monitoring of chlorine residuals in distribution systems? project. Beside this one well equipped water lab will be established at the treatment plant site. Hence this type of problem will not arise. SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SCREENING QUESTIONS Yes No REMARKS delivery of water to distribution system, which is corrosive due to inadequate attention to feeding of Trained man power will be deployed from the users corrective chemicals? committee for the operation and maintenance of the
project. Beside this one well equipped water lab will be established at the treatment plant site. Hence this type of problem will not arise. accidental leakage of chlorine gas? No uses of chlorine gas, hence no possibilities of its leakage. excessive abstraction of water affecting downstream water users? Only small quantity of water will be tapped from the sources in comparison to yield of the source. competing uses of water? Only small quantity of water will be tapped from the
sources in comparison to yield of the source, hence no competing uses of water. increased sewage flow due to increased water supply Sewage flow will be increased of due to increase of water supply but not cause any problems. increased volume of sullage (wastewater from cooking and washing) and sludge from wastewater Volume of sullage and sludge will be increased in treatment plant small quantity but not cause any serious problems.
large population influx during project construction and operation that causes increased burden on social It is expected that the population will be increased as infrastructure and services (such as water supply and per anticipated population growth rate, no large sanitation systems)? population influx will occur during project
construction hence no increased burden on social infrastructure and services will occur social conflicts if workers from other regions or countries are hired? Most of workers will be hired from local level, only
skill manpower will be hired from outside, hence no social conflicts. risks to community health and safety due to the transport, storage, and use and/or disposal of materials There will be no use of explosive and other dangerous such as explosives, fuel and other chemicals during chemicals during operation and construction, hence operation and construction? no any risk to community health and safety.
community safety risks due to both accidental and natural hazards, especially where the structural Proper safety precaution will be adopted during the elements or components of the project are accessible construction period to minimized safety risk due to to members of the affected community or where their failure could result in injury to the community the accidental and natural hazards. throughout project construction, operation and decommissioning?
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex II: General Layout of Reservoir Borehole, Pump House/ Generator House
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex II: General Layout of Reservoir Borehole, Pump-house/ Generator House
BYPASS
VC TYPE # III DISTRIBUTION TO RATMATA PLANNING VC TYPE # I DISTRIBUTION TO BAZAAR AREA PUMP/GENERATOR HOUSE NEW RVT N NEW OHTL=40.5 m (DI 150 mm) L=40.5 m (DI 150 mm)
STORE AERATOR
VC TYPE # I EXISTING DISTRIBUTION VC TYPE # II WUSC L=30 m (DI 150 mm) OFFICE BUILDING EXISTING RVT
VC TYP BYPASS FROM BH-3 E # II
TOILET EXISTING OVERHEAD TANK BYPASS FROM BH-2 VC TYPE # II L=1425 m L=1425 200mm) (DIm
L=1250 m (DI 200 mm)
BH-2 BH-1 BH-3 EXISTING PUMP HOUSE(NEW) EXISTING PUMP HOUSE(OLD) NEW PUMP HOUSE
GENERATOR/ GUARD HOUSE GENERAL LAYOUT SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex III: Project Location Map
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex III-a: Project Location Map
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Annex III-b: VDC MAP
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex III-c: Zone of Influence (Direct & Indirect Impact Area)
Highest Altitude - 295.61 (Ratmata Danda) * Dumping Site - Location of Spoil Disposal
*** Outfall - 1 at Arjun Khola ***** Outfall - 4 at Kholsi Outfall - 5 at Arnahawa1 Khola Outfall - 3 at Existing Drain
O utfall - 8 at Outfall - 6 at Arnahawa1 Khola Arnahawa Khola Latrine -1
Latrine -5 Latrine -4
Latrine -3
**** Lowest Altitude - 251.88 (Colahi) INDIRECT IMPACT AREA
2, 3,9 and Tukalighdh og Sobapur VDC
PROJECT AREA (DIRECT IMPACT) Latrine -2 (Chailahi VDC Ward no.- 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 & 9) * Dumping Site - Location of Spoil Disposal ** Rapti River - Location For Quarry Outfall -2 at Rapti Khola *** Highest Altitude - 295.61 (Ratmata Danda) **** Lowest Altitude - 251.88 (Colahi) ***** Labor Camp Site
** Rapti River - Location For Quarry
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex IV: Public Notice, Muchulka, Recommendation Letter and Focus Group Discussion
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex IV: Public Notice
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Sample Notice Published in Project Area bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf r}nflx, bfë
k|f/lDes jftfj/0fLo kl/If0fsf] nflu /fo ;'emfj k]z ug]{ ;+DaGwdf+DaGwdf
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/fo ;'emfj k7fpg] 7]ufgfM
vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ l8lehg sfof{no 3f]/fxL, bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ cfof]hgf sf]O{d]Gsf] g]kfn k|f=ln= bfë cfof]]hgf Joj:yfkg sfof{no kf]= j = g+= !((^! kmf]gM )*@à %^))@^ kfgL kf]v/L, sf7df8f} Zf+vd"n, sf7df8f} ÇofS;M )*@à%^!%@% kmf]gM )! à $$@#@*^ kmf]g´ ÇofS; M )!à$&*$%%* ÇofS;M )!à$$!#@*) M SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Muchulkha
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Recommendation Letter
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Focus Group Discussion
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Annex V: ToR Approval Letter, IEE Terms of Reference SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
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Annex VI: Water Quality Report
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Annex VII: Air Quality Standards, Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056, National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines (As per Urban Environment Guidelines, 2068)
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Air Quality Standards
National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Nepal
Concentration Parameters Units Averaging Time in ambient Air, maximum Annual - TSP µg/m3 24 - hours* 230
3 Annual - PM10 µg/m 24 - hours* 120 Annual 50 Sulfur Dioxide µg/m3 24-hours** 70 Annual 40 Nitrogen Dioxide µg/m3 24-hours** 80 8hours 10000 Carbon Monoxide µg/m3 15 minutes 100000 Annual 0.5 Lead µg/m3 24-hour - Annual 20 Benzene µg/m3 24-hours* -
Ref.: Environment Sector Program Support, Ministry of Population and Environment, Kathmandu: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring in Kathmandu Valley, Yearly Report for the year 2003, March 2004 Note: * : 24 hourly values shall be met 95% of the time in a year. 18days per calendar year the standard may exceed but not on two consecutive days.
**: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 are not to be controlled before MOPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This will be done before 2005.
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard for gasoline & Diesel operated Vehicles, 2056
Model HC, Fuel Vehicle Type CO% HSU, % Test Year ppm Up to 1980 4.5 Four wheeler 1000 - Idle After 1981 3.0 Petrol Three Up to 1991 4.5 7800 - Idle wheelers After 1992 3.0 Two wheelers All 4.5 7800 - Idle LPG/ All categories - 3.0 1000 - Idle CNG 75 Ka=3.22per Up to 1994 Free meter) Diesel Four wheelers - - 65 (K=2.44 per After 1995 Acceleration meter) K= Coefficient of light absorption, a measure of blackness of smoke. It is independent of the measurement length.
Ref.: Policies & Institutional Arrangements for managing emissions from motor vehicles (Ref.: Urban Transportation and the Environment in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal Shobhakar Dahal, 2006)
Legal Framework for AQMS in Nepal
Actions Undertaken by Government1:
• Vehicle exhaust emission control standards: Nepal introduced vehicle exhaust emission tests in 1994 following the tail-pipe standards of 65 hartridge smoke units (HSU) for diesel operated vehicles and 3% CO for petrol - operated ones. A vehicular color rating system with respect to the exhaust emission standards was introduced. This system provides green stickers to vehicles meeting the emission standard and red stickers to vehicles failing test.
• Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standard 2056BS (2000AD): Nepal vehicle mass standard is the government’s major step towards reducing emissions per kilometer of travel. This standard is similar to the EURO - 1 standard.
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
National Drinking Water Quality Guidelines Maximum Categories Parameters Concentration Remarks Limits, (MCLs) Turbidity, (NTU) 5(10) pH 6.5-8.5* Color, (TCU) 5(15) Physical Taste & Odor Total Dissolved Solid, (mg/l) 1000 Electrical Conductivity 1500 Iron, (mg/l) 0.3(3) Manganese, (mg/l) 0.2 Arsenic, (mg/l) 0.05 Cadmium, (mg/l) 0.003 Chromium, (mg/l) 0.05 Cyanide, (mg/l) 0.07 Fluoride, (mg/l) 0.5-1.5* Lead, (mg/l) 0.01 Ammonia, (mg/l) 1.5 Chloride, (mg/l) 250 Chemical Sulphate, (mg/l) 250 Nitrate, (mg/l) 50 Copper, (mg/l) 1 Total Hardness, (mg/l) 500 Calcium, (mg/l) 200 Zinc, (mg/l) 3 Mercury, (mg/l) 0.001 Aluminum, (mg/l) 0.2 Only for Residual Chlorine, (mg/l) 0.1-0.2* chlorinated systems E-Coli, (MPN Index / 100ml) 0 Micro-Biology Total Coliform, (MPN Index / 0(95)% ) 100ml) Ref.: /fli6ío vfg]kfgL u'0f:t/ dfkb08 sfof{Gjog lgb]{lzsf, @)^@, g]kfn /fhkq, v08 %^ sf7df8f}+, efu #, ;+Vof (, g]kfn ;/sf/, ef}lts of]hgf tyf lgdf{0f dGqfno, @)^#
Note: 1. *: Represents the range values. 2. ( ): The indicated values inside the brackets represent for those water if other alternative options are unavailable SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Annex VII: COMMENTS AND RESPONSES
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Comments and Responses Project: Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Comments Response Matrix (from ADB) S. No. Comments Responses 1 Replace ‘should’ by ‘will’ in the report Replaced 2 Rewrite Nepali executive summary covering in brief the project proposal, baseline Restructured and clarified information, potential major impacts, mitigation measures and environment management plan with cost 3 Attach a copy of approved Terms of Reference for IEE study with official stamp from This has been given in Annex -V MPPW 4 Subsection 1.2.5 Approach and Methodology of IEE study is incomplete. The paragraph Clarified, Please refer to Paragraph 15 to 26 is discusses about the about the survey methodology, but the IEE process followed for the study is missing. Please complete the subsection in brief 5 Subsection 3.2.2 Flora: Please check that the scientific name of Khayer trees is Acacia Clarified Catechu, Bamboo is Bambuse vulgere. 6 Subsection 4.2.1.2 Biological Environment (i) Vegetation: Please mention number and Clarified: no need to cleared tress for project works. species of trees to be cleared for project works. 7 Table 4.1 Details of Land requirement by the project components: Please check the Clarified information with the resettlement plan prepared for the subproject and provide uniform information. 8 One of the mitigation measures for OHS measure is to insure labourers. Please check Please refer to Paragraph 186 -188 this in subsection 4.2.1.3.(ix) 9 Table 4.2 Types of Impact, monitoring parameters, mitigation measures, responsibility This has been included in Table 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3 and cost. Please add the significant of the impacts (Type, magnitude, extent, duration and reversibility) 10 Table 4.3 Mitigation Cost: The table does not include cost for community infrastructure Clarified, Please refer to Table 4.6 reconstruction. OHS cost is repeated in the table. 11 Chapter VII Grievance and Redress Mechanism: Please clarify mention time allocated to Please refer to chapter VII redress grievance at each stage of Grievance and Redress Mechanism. Also elaborate the mechanism covering what will happen if the Grievance cannot be resolved by the project directors office (refer resettlement framework) SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
12 Subsection 8.3.4 Environmental Audit: Please clarify who will conduct the Audit after 2 Audit is not require for IEE years of completion of the subproject and how budget will be arranged for the this 13 Delete Fig 8.1 as this is repetition of 2.1 Deleted
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
Project: Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project Comments Response Matrix (from MPPW) SN Comments Responses 1 Incorporate all the Issues in IEE report which are mentioned in approved Terms All issues mentioned in approved TOR of IEE is of reference. incorporated. Please refer to Paragraph 146 to 197 2 Clearly mention the zone of influence for direct impact zone and indirect impact Please refer to Annex III-a to III-c and Please refer zone with logic of demarcation of the zone. page number 7 3 State why the proposal requires IEE study in sub chapter "Relevancy of the Please refer Paragraph 7 to 14 Project" by indicating threshold value and clause number according to EPR 1997, Schedule 1 and 2 in relevant sector (such as Road sector, forest sector, Historical, cultural and Archaeological area, National Park etc). Remove the threshold regarding project cost from the same chapter. 4 Project layout map shall be presented with affected Municipality/VDC boundaries Please refer to Annex III-a to III-c clearly demarcated. Give highest and lowest altitude of the proposal area along with camp site, quarry site waste/spoil disposal site etc. Also provide proper legend in the map. 5 Enlist the issues raised by the public in public consultation and incorporate them Issues raised by the public in public consultation are properly in the Impact/Mitigation and monitoring chapter. incorporated. Please refer Paragraph 215-216 and Paragraph 126, 156, 178, 182 6 Include all the materials needed like - Cement, aggregate, steel, reinforcement Please refer Paragraph 107 bars, pipe, fittings and others. Sources of materials and their adequacy have to be identified and discussed. 7 Relocation of existing public and private facility has not been stated, for example: Please refer Paragraph 178 - 179 power lines for each voltage (no. of poles, total line length); for communication lines (no. of poles, total length, no. of telephone cabinet); water supply lines and sewerage pipeline (pipe size and length), canal, foot-trail etc. 8 Correct the scientific name of Plant/species and write in italic. Corrected, Please refer Paragraph 117 and 118 9 The executive summary in Nepali is way different than the summary in English. Executive summary in Nepali is restructured included As this report will be used by the local Nepalese, there should not be difference in the report (Page I to VI) between Nepali and English. Further the contents of the reports shall be grossly reflected in the executive summary.
SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SN Comments Responses 10 Construction planning shall briefly discuss (detail can come in Management Construction process is given in 2.16. Paragraph 95 to action plan): 107 • Pre-construction activities like - land acquisition and compensation; Refer to Paragraph 61 and Table 2.11 relocation of HH and families, business, shops etc.; relocation of power lines, communication lines, and water supply lines;. • Quarry and storage facility management, construction material transport, Refer to Paragraph 107 storage facilities of other materials • Traffic management - Construction and provision of bypass to re-route Refer to Paragraph 189 – 190 existing traffic during excavation of pipeline etc.
• Camp site management - for contractor, labour, engineer's whichever is required. Refer to Paragraph 176
11 In case of Ground Water extraction; mention its impacts, mitigation and Refer to Paragraph 151 - 152 monitoring mechanism 12 Rewrite chapter IX with conclusion and remove recommendation part. Restructured, Paragraph 243 to 245 13 Include deed of Enquiry as per Rule 7 and Recommendation letter of affected Included, Annex IV Municipality and VDC as per Rule 10 of EPR-2054. 14 The structures like Intake, Pipeline, storage tank, Treatment Plant etc may Paragraph 60-61, Table 2.11 require land. It shall give the following as per the chainage: • Existing land owned by the project • Additional land requirements for the different structures encompassing – agricultural (khet, bari), forest land (government, community, private, etc...), private land, public land etc • temporary and permanent land requirement 15 Language regarding mitigation measures shall reflect proponent's commitments. Corrected Mitigation measures shall be clear and specific. Please do not use the word like proper, safe, should be, may, may have, etc in mitigation measure 16 The cover page shall be corrected by writing the report is submitted by the Corrected proponent.
17 The Terms of Reference make a reference to a number of policies, legislations, Corrected standard and in the IEE. In addition there is no mention why the piece of policies, legal framework, and standards guidelines to be complied and reviewed during SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SN Comments Responses IEE, however, only a few have been discussed guideline attracts the project. 18 Review the Acts/Rules/Policies.. as mentioned in the ToR in chronological order Rearranged in chronological order, Please refer to (Constitution, Policy/Plan, Acts, Rules, Manual/Guideline/Standard, International Paragraph 4 Convention). And correct the date of Interim constitution of Nepal. Better write date in Bikram Sambat too. 19 One of the objectives of IEE, besides alternative analysis is to recommend Please refer to Paragraph 245 whether the project requires EIA level study or not to the decision makers. 20 The baseline environmental discussions, particularly physical and biological Corrected environment are not adequate enough to evaluate the predicted impacts. The discussed environmental baseline is highly general and do not give site specific information to actually judge the impact even for the social and cultural environment. Include baseline information of respective identified impacts. 21 Name the community and other forest influenced by the project activity. No community forest inside the project area. Community forest surroundings to the project area is given in Paragraph 117 - 118 22 The environmental impacts predicted should show site specific relationship Corrected, Chapter IV, Please refer to Paragraph 146 between baseline and project activity logically. Such a site specific relationship is - 197 no where presented, rather a generalized approach has been taken as if the project implementation area is not known. 23 Table 4.1 in all of the IEE reports is confusing — Project activity column mention Corrected, Please refer to Table 4.5 construction works and operation works which are as good as construction phase and operation phase. 24 Impact prediction summary table as per EIA guideline is missing. Please refer to Paragraph 198 (Table 4.5) for Impact prediction summary
25 Table 8.1, • The types of impacts and mitigation measures in write up in Chapter IV and Corrected, Please refer to Table 8.1 Table 4.1 do not tally with types of impacts and mitigation measures of SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SN Comments Responses Table 8.1. • Further monitoring indicators are very ill defined and the purpose of monitoring (baseline, impact and compliance) is not explicit.
• Some of the sites for monitoring locations are illogical such as water quality monitoring of the reservoir, the specified location for monitoring is at lab building. Further water quality monitoring at the reservoir only is inadequate it should at least cove the terminal end water taps of the system to ensure the water quality safety. • Monitoring methods are lacking • Some of the topics lack responsible authorities for monitoring Cost Included in contractor’s bidding document for the • Costs — even operation phase costs are mentioned as kept in bidding first year after project completion, then after document? responsibilities of WUSC 26 "Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" shall be given which shall include the "Summary of Cost Benefit assessment" is given in followings: paragraph 239, Table 8.4 • cost for Environmental Mitigation Measures • cost for Enhancement Measures, • cost for Other Social Support Programs and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), • cost for Environmental Monitoring, • Total Project Cost; and • Percentage of total Environmental Cost to the Total Project Cost; and . 27 For IEE level project an environmental audit is not required by the EPR-2054. Removed 28 Documentation and Reporting includes the IEE report documentation and Please refer to Paragraph 231 to 238, for monitoring reporting. In fact this section should provide the record and reporting system for mechanism please refer to Paragraph 226 to 227 how the environmental mitigation is implemented, how monitoring is conducted and the findings of monitoring and how corrective actions are implemented etc.
29 Summary Mitigation and Enhancement-Matrix and associated cost for each Included. Please refer to Paragraph 199, Table 4.6 environment shall be prepared at the end of respective sections. and Paragraph 228, Table 8.2 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi WSSP IEE Report
SN Comments Responses 30 Changes shall be made of the word "Resources" used in chapter headings of Corrected chapter 3 into "Environment" 31 Those mitigation measures that can be or are part of contractual obligation for Please refer to Table 8.1 , project construction shall be clearly identified. Mechanism of ensuring implementation of those mitigation measures, from the proponent part as a compliance of contractors shall be categorically proposed. 32 Include the impact regarding Waste water management of operation phase Please refer to Paragraph 159, Please refer including mitigation measure and monitoring mechanism. Write the location of Paragraph 161 & Annex III-c for the location of spoil spoil disposal site. disposal 33 Include Reference for cited documents Included Reference for cited documents, Please refer page no. – 70 (Page 6, 29) 34 Afforestation, restriction of fishing activities, reinstatement of damaged Corrected, Please refer to Paragraph 146 – 197, Table community structures etc is mentioned in the mitigation measures however 4.5 and Table 8.1 corresponding impacts is not identified in report. The content of chapters - impact, Mitigation measure and Monitoring mechanism shall be compatible to each other
bf]>f] ;fgf zx/L vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ If]qut cfof]hgf 3/w'/L ;j]{If0f k|ZgfjnL lhNnf======gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;======j8f g+======gu/ cfof]hgfM ======3/ g+======cGt/jftf{ lng]sf] gfd M ======cGt/jftf{ ldlt M ======;'kl/j]Ifssf] gfd M ======!= ;fdflhs–cfly{s ljj/0f -pko'Qm sf]7fdf -√_ of] lrGx nufpg' xf];\_
!=! cGt/jftf{ lbg]sf] gfd M !=@ 3/d'lnsf] gfd ======lnË M k'?if dlxnf !=# o; kl/jf/df ckfËtf ePsf] s'g} ;b:o x'g' x'G5< 5 5}g !=$ hfthfltdWo] s'g xf]< s_ cflbjf;L hghflt v_ blnt u_ cNk;+Vos 3_ cGo -cGtjf{tf lng]n] y/sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ju{df lrGx nufpg] _ !=% cGt/jftf{ lbg] JolQmsf] gftfM ======!=^ o; kl/jf/sf ;b:ox?sf] ljj/0f lbg';\ qm=;+= 3/d'lnl;tsf] gftf÷gfd pd]/ lnË lzIff :t/ k]zf ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( !) Gff]6M k]zf M != s[lif @= Jofkf/ #= gf]s/L $+= pBf]uwGbf %= /]ld6]G; -a}b]lzs /f]huf/_ ^= Hofnf &= cGo lzIff M != lg/If/ @= ;fIf/ #= k|fylds;Dd $= dfWolds;Dd %= P;=Pn=;L= plt0f{ ^= cfO{=P= &= lj=P= *= Pd= P= (= cGo !=& o; kl/jf/df a;f]af; ug]{ cGo ;b:ox?sf] ;xof]uL 8]/fjfn s'n ;+Vof
!=* o; gu/÷zx/df slxn] b]lv a:b} cfpg' ePsf] 5 < jif{
1 :jjf;L a;fO ;/]sf] a;fO{ ;/L cfPsf] eP s'g lhNnfaf6 ======< !=( a;fO{ ;g'{sf] sf/0fM k|fs[lts k|sf]k Jofkf/÷Joj;fo lzIff åGb lhljsf]kfh{g ;fdflhs ljnog !=!) slxn] b]lv o; 3/df a:b} cfpg' ePsf] xf] < ;fn÷aif{ !=!! of] 3/ cfk\mg} xf] < xf] xf]Og olb xf] eg] xfnsf] d'No slt xf]nf cg'dflgt ?= v_ ef8fdf a;]sf] xf] xf]Og xf] eg] dfl;s 3/ efF8f slt ltg'{x'G5 < ?= u_ ;'s'Daf;L xf] xf]Og !=!@ o; 3/df efG5f sf]7f afx]s cGo slt j6f sf]7fx? 5g\ < ! sf]7f @ sf]7f # sf]7f $ sf]7f jf ;f] eGbf jl9 !=!# 3/sf] cjnf]sg u/L 3/sf] lsl;d n]Vg] . kSsL cw{ kSsL sRrL -kSsL M 5t 9nfg, cw{ kSsL M 9'Ëf÷O§fsf] ufx|f], 6Lgsf] 5fgf÷9'Ëf÷:n]6,lemu6L÷6fon cflb, sRrL M df6f] ufx|f] / v/÷6fonn] 5fPsf]_ !=!$ o; kl/jf/;+u hUuf hdLg 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] % /f]kgL -)=@% x]S6/_ eGbf jl9 jf % /f]kgL eGbf sd !=!% oxfFsf] hUufsf] lsl;dM s_ v]t jf af/L ÷cl;+lrt hUuf -======lj3f÷/f]kgL_ v_ v]t jf af/L ÷l;+lrt hUuf -======lj3f÷/f]kgL_ !=!^ oxfFn] ufO{÷e};L kfNg' ePsf]5 < 5 5}g , 5 eg] sltj6f < Pp6f b'O{j6f jf jl9 !=!& tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df tn pNn]lvt s'g s'g ;fdfg 5g\ < -ePsf] ;fdfgsf] ;+Vof n]Vg]_ qm=;+= ;DkQL ;+Vof s}lkmot ! ;fOsn÷l/S;f @ Dff]6/;fO{sn # a}nuf8f $ sf/÷lhk % ldgLa;÷a; ^ 6«ofS6/÷6«s & /]l8of]÷Sof;]6 * 6]lnlehg÷lel8of];]6 ( :6f]e÷Uof; r'nf] !) /]lk|mh]6/ !! jfl;Ë d]lzg !@ jf6/ lkmN6/ !# sDKo'6/ !$ Od]n÷OG6/g]6sf] kx'Fr !% cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ . !=!* olb d'n k]zf s[lif eP slt dlxgf vfg k'U5< # dlxgf ^ dlxgf !@ dlxgf olb gk'u ePdf s;/L wfGg' x'G5 < k;n÷3/ef8f tnj k]G;g cGo 2 !=!( tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t jflif{s vr{ slt 5 pNn]v ug'{xf]; . qm=;+= vr{sf] lzif{s / lsl;d dfl;s vr{ ?= s}lkmot ! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! /;folgs dn, ljp, ls6gfzs cfbL vl/b ug{ !=@ Dff6f]sf] t}of/L, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], afnL sf6\g], leqfpg], 9'jfgL / laqmL ubf{ x'g] vr{ !=# cGo eP -pNn]v ug'{;\_ -s_ sf] hDdf @ -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ @=! vfBfGg -cGg / b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t'_ @=@ sk8f @=# lzIff @=$ 3/ ef8f÷3/ dd{t @=% oftfoft÷;+rf/ @=^ ljB't @=& kfgL kf]t ÷dd{t ;Def/ @=* Cf}{iflw÷pkrf/ -kfgLaf6 x'g] /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ @=( Cf}iflw÷pkrf/ -cGo /f]u_ ======jflif{s vr{ @=!) cGoM rf8ka{ sd{sf08 ;+:sf/ cflb pNn]v ug]{ ======jflif{s vr{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v sf] s'n hDdf
!=@) tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] cf};t dfl;s cfo slt 5 < pNn]v ug'{xf]; . ;+nUg kl/jf/ k|fKt x'g] cfo qm=;+= cfo;|f]t s}lkmot k'?if dlxnf -?= dfl;s_ ! -s_ s[lif tkm{ !=! s[lif pTkfbgsf] ljqmLaf6 cfo -ds}, ux'F, wfg, t/sf/L, kmnk"mn_ !=@ kz'hGo pTkfbg -b'w, bxL, £o", afv|f, s'v'/f cflb_ -s_ sf] hDdf @ -v_ u}x| s[lif tkm{ @=! gf]s/L ÷ hflu/ @=@ Hofnf dhb'/L @=# k]G;g÷pkbfg cfbL @=$ j}b]zLs /f]huf/ -/]ld6]G;_ @=% k;n÷Jofkf/ @=^ pBf]u @=& k;n÷3/ ef8f @=* uf8L÷9'jfgL Joj;fo @=( cGo eP pNn]v ug]{ -v_ sf] hDdf s±v s'n hDdf !=@! oxfFsf] kl/jf/n] s'g} 7'nf] C0f af]Sg' k/]sf] 5 < 5 5}g
3 @= vfg]kfgL tyf ;/;kmfO{ Joj:yfkg @=! tkfO{sf] kl/jf/sf] nfuL vfg, vfgf ksfpg, g'xfpg, efF8fjt{g tyf n'uf w'gsf nfuL k|of]u ul/g] kfgLsf] >f]t Pp6} xf] < xf] xf]Og @=@ tkfO{sf] vfgkfgLsf] d'Vo >f]t sxFf 5 < 3/ sDkfp08 leq} ;fj{hlgs :yndf @=# tkfO{sf] kl/jf/n] lkpg, vfgf ksfpgsf] nfuL k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] >f]t s'g xf] < b}lgs slt ln6/ kfgL vr{g' x'G5 < s[kof tnsf] sf]7fdf-9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . ln6/÷ ln6/÷ qm=;+= jiff{ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf 9 b}lgs 9 b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ @= O{gf/÷s'jf -9Ssg ePsf]_ Ogf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ePsf]_ #= 6\o"a]n÷x\of08kDk 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk $= l8k 6\o"a]n l8k 6\o"a]n %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgn] tfGg] ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f ;fj{hlgs wf/f &= lghL wf/f lghL wf/f ] *= d"n, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L (= laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ laqm]tf;Fu kfgL lsg]/ !)= jiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ aiff{tsf] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ !!= cGo cGo !@= yfxf 5}g yfxf 5}g
@=$ b}lgs vfg]kfgL cfjZos k"lt{ kfgL ;+sngaf/] lgDg lj:t[t ljj/0f lbg'xf];\ . jiff{ ofddf ;'Vvf ofddf qm=;+= ljj/0f k'?if dlxnf aflnsf Affns k'?if dlxnf aflnsf afns != slt v]k÷k6s @= ln6/÷v]k #= s'n kl/df0f $= kfgL Nofpg nfUg] ;do - ldg]6_÷v]k • kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd k'Ug • d'xfgdf kv{g' kg]{ ;do • kms{bf nfUg] ;do %= k|lt v]k nfUg] ;do gf]6 M cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] kfgLsf] efF8f] x]/L ;f]sf] Ifdtf olsg ul/ pNn]v ug]{ .
4 @=% efF8f dfem\g, g'xfpg / n'uf w'g tyf cGo sfdsf] nfuL s'g >f]ts]f kfgL k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < slt kfgL vkt ug'{x'G5< s[kof ; lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . qm= ln6/÷ ln6/÷ jiff{ofdddf ;'Vvf ofddf ;+= 9 b}lgs 9 b}lgs != O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ O{gf/÷s'jf -v'Nnf_ @= O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt O{gf/÷s'jf 9Ssg ;lxt #= 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt 6\o"a]n x\of08kDk ;lxt $= l8k 6\o"a]n l8k 6\o"a]n %= O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] O{gf/÷s'jf d];Lgaf6 tfGg] ^= ;fj{hlgs wf/f ;fj{hlgs wf/f &= 3/s} lghL wf/f 3/s} lghL wf/f *= D"fn, vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L d"n vf]nf, gbL, kf]v/L (= kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ kfgL laqm]tf;Fu lsg]/ !)= cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng u/]/ !!= cGo cGo !@= Yfxf 5}g Yfxf 5}g
@=^ n'uf w'g / g'xfpg 3/af6 kfgLsf] d'xfg ;Dd hfg slt ;do nfUb5 . -olb >f]t÷d'xfg 5'§f5'§} ePdf ;do -ldg]6df_ pNn]v ug]{_
s_ n'uf w'g hfg] g'xfpg efF8f dfem\g v_ jiff{ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6 ;'Vvf ofddf nfUg] ;do ldg]6
@=& olb wf/fsf] kfgL oxfFsf] cfjZostf kl/k'lt{ug{ kof{Kt 5}g eg] s;/L cfk'lt{ ug'{ x'G5<
kfgLsf] >f]t kl/df0f vr{g' kg]{ ;do -306f_ b}lgs Yfk vr{ dfl;s ln6/ s'jf Ogf/ cfsf;] kfgL ;+sng lghL 6}+s/af6 kfgL lsGg] Xf08\ kDk,6\o'jj]n ldgn/ jf6/ hf/ cGo
@=* ufO{a:t'sf] nflu rflxg] kfgL s'g >f]taf6 slt dfqfdf pkef]u ug'{x'G5 . s_ k|of]u ePsf] ;|f]t======v_ kl/df0f -ln6/÷b}lgs_ ======u_ >f]t;Dd hfg cfpg nfUg] ;do -ldg]6_======
5 #= lghL wf/f h8fg
#=! s] tkfO{n] 3/df kfOk wf/f h8fg ug'{ ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg] slt vr{ nfUof]< ?= #=@ s] tkfO{ cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f hf]8\g rfxg' x'G5 < rfxG5 ' rfxGg rfxg' x'G5 eg] s:tf] k|sf/sf] wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5f /fVg' x'G5 < s_ 3/leq lghL wf/f v_ sDkfp08leq lghL wf/f u_ ;fd'bflos wf/f #=# olb tkfOsf] 3/df lghL wf/f h8fg ePsf] 5}g eg], lsg h8fg gu/]sf] < s_ vr{ ug]{ Ifdtf gePsf]n] v_ h8fg z'Ns w]/} kg]{ ePsf]n] u_ dfl;s kfgL lan w]/} cfpg] ePsf]n] 3_ kfgLsf] dfqf kof{Kt gePsf]n] ª_ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{ lgoldt gePsf]n] r_ o; If]qdf kfOknfOg h8fg ug{] Joj:yf pknAw gePsf]n] 5_ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ /fd|f] gePsf]n] h_ cGo sf/0f pNn]v ug]{ em_ yfxf 5}g #=$ xfn tkfO{n] kfghL wf/f afkt uPsf] dlxgfdf kfgLsf] dxz'n slt ltg'{ eof] < ? #=% uPsf] dlxgfdf lt/]sf] lan b]vfpg ;Sg' x'G5 < -lan pknJw eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f eg]{_ s_ lt/]sf] /sd ? v_ vkt ePsf] kfgLsf] dfqf ln6/ #=^ kfgLsf] lan s'g cfwf/df ltg'{x'G5 < ; lrGx nufpg'xf];\ . s_ dfl;s lglZrt tf]lsPsf] /sd v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë adf]lhd u_ vfg]kfgL sfof{non] eg] hlt 3_ ltg'{ kb]{g ª_ cGo r_ yfxf 5}g #=& tkfO{nfO{ kfgLsf] lan ltg{ s'g tl/sf dg k5{ < s_ lglZrt tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns v_ ld6/ l/l8Ë lan cg';f/ #=* 3/sf] wf/fdf kfgL gcfpFbf klg kfgL dxz'n ltg'{ k5{ < k5{ kb}{g
6 #=( lghL wf/fsf] kfgL afx]s tkfO{n] slxn] yk kfgL lsGg' kg]{ ePsf] 5 < jiff{ofddf ln6/ ;'Vvfofddf ln6/ kb}{g #=!) lghL:t/sf kfgL laqm]tfaf6 lsGbf slt kl/df0f s'g b/df kfgL lsGg' ePsf] 5< ln6/ ?= ÷k|lt ln6/sf] b/ ?= #=!! tkfOsf] 3/sf] wf/f slt e/kbf]{ 5 < s_ kfgL lg/Gt/ cfp5 v_ kfgL slxn] cfpF5 / slxn] cfpFb}g u_ kfgL Ps lbg la/fP/ cfpF5 3_ kfgL k|To]s lbg s]xL 306f cfpF5 #=!@ vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnL cj?4 x'bf dd{t ;Def/ ubf{ nfUg] vr{ Joxf]g]{ lhDdf s;sf] xf] < s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ v_ vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf ;/;kmfO ;ldlt u_ ;d'bfo ÷ 5/ l5d]sL 3_ cGo pNn]v ug]{ ======#=!# vfg]kfgLsf] kfOk÷wf/f dd{t ;'wf/sf] nflu jflif{s slt /sd vr{ ug'{x'G5 < u5'{ ulb{g #=!$ ;fj{hlgs wf/f k|of]u u/] jfkt kfgL kf]t ltg'{ k5{< kb}{g k5{ , k5{ eg] slt < /sd dfl;s÷jflif{s #=!% kfgLsf ] u'0f:t/M tkfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/k|lt ;Gt'i6 x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb 5}g eg], kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ ;DalGw ;d:of s:tf 5g < c_ kfgL uGxfpF5 cf_ :jfb g/fd|f] 5 O_ kfgL k|b"lift÷wldnf] 5 O{_ cGo s]lx ;d:of eP pNn]v ug]{ ======
#=!^ o;/L k|of]u ug]{ kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ s] ug'{ x'G5 kfgLsf] k|zf]wgsf 3/]n' ljlw Yfk vr{ dfl;s pdfNg] lkmN6/ ug]{ 5fGg] Snf]l/g -lko';_, cfnd, kf]6f; o'/f] uf8{ ;f]l8; cGo
7 ;x–nufgL cjwf/0ff ;DaGwL k|fyldstf
$=! olb tkfO{sf] gu/kflnsf÷uf=lj=;= df ljleGg of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ /sd pknAw 5 eg] lgDglnlvt dWo] s'g s'g @ of]hgfnfO{ klxnf] k|fyldstf lbg'x'G5 < s_ ;8s aQL 5_ ljB't v_ sfnf]kq] ;8s h_ ;+rf/ u_ ljBfno em_ ;/;kmfO{÷;'ljwf 3_ c:ktfn `_ l;rfO{ ª_ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL k|0ffnL 6_ kf6Lkf}jf wd{zfnf 7_ cGo ======r_ k}bnofqL ;8s $=@ olb tkfO{ Jojl:yt vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ dxTjk"0f{ 7fGg' x'G5 eg], s:tf] lsl;dsf] vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] rfxgf ug'{ ePsf] 5 < s_ 3/÷ sDkfp08leq} JolQmut÷lghL wf/f h8fg u_ z'Ns ;lxtsf] ;fd'bflos wf/f h8fg 3_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, x\of08kDk hl8t ª_ ;'wfl/Psf] s'jf, ljB'tLo oGq hl8t r_ xfn pknJw ;]jfdf ;'wf/ cfjZos 5}g 5_ cGo -pNn]v ug'{xf];\_======$=# olb tkfO{sf] 3/df wf/f 5}g / lghL wf/f /fVg OR5's x'g'x'G5 eg], slt /sd ;x–nufgL ug{ ;Sg'x'G5 < s[kof tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf lglh wf/f /fVg slt /sd ;Dd nufgL ug'{x'G5 nufgLsf] /sdsf] ;Ldfdf ; lrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= nufgLsf] ljj/0f ; lrGx nufpg] != !%))) eGbf dfyL @= ())! b]lv !%))) ;Dd #= ^))! b]lv ())) ;Dd $= #))! b]lv ^))) ;Dd %= !%)! b]lv #))) ;Dd ^= !%)) eGbf sd $=$ lghL wf/f h8fg afkt nfUg] z'Ns Joxf]g'{ kg]{5< dGh'/ 5 dGh'/ 5}g $=% gofF vfg]kfgL of]hgf z'? ePdf / ;f] of]hgfaf6 rf}lj;} 306f kof{Kt dfqfdf u'0f:t/o'Qm kfgL pknJw ePsf] v08df s] tkfO{n] cfkm\gf] 3/df wf/f h8fg ug{ OR5's x'g' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's eP gofF lgodfg';f/ dfl;s kfgL dxz'n lgoldt a'´fpg' x'G5< 5' 5}g olb OR5's x'g' x'G5 eg] tn lbO{Psf] tflnsfdf kfgL dxz'nsf] ;Ldfdf ; lrGx nufP/ cfkm\gf] O{R5f JoQm ug'{xf]; .
8 qm=;+= Dffl;s kfgL dxz'n ; lrGx nufpg] != ? %)) eGbf dfyL @= ? $%! b]lv %)) #= ? $)! b]lv $%) $= ? #%! b]lv $)) %= ? #)! b]lv #%) ^= ? @%! b]lv #)) ^= ? @)! b]lv @%) &= ? !%! b]lv @)) $=^ gofF vfg]kfgL ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yf x'g tkfO{sf] kl/jf/af6 klg k|ltj4tf :j?k clu|d /sd of]ubfg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5, oxfFsf] ljrf/df slt k|ltzt of]ubfg x'g ;S5< nfutsf] %Ü !)Ü !%Ü $=& gofF ;/;kmfO{ ;'ljwf -;fd'bflos zf}rfno tyf ;txL 9n_ lgdf{0fsf] nflu ;x nufgL :j?k !%Ü :yfgLo lgsfo / pkef]Qmfn] ;xnufgL ug{ OR5's x'g'x'G5< 5' 5}g olb rfxg'x'G5 eg], slt ;Dd < $=* oxfFnfO{ geO gx'g] tyf eP /fd|f] x'g] k|fylds cfjZostf s'g xf]< lghL wf/f h8fg lghL rkL{ lgdf{0f b'j}
%=n}lËs b[li6sf]0faf6 dlxnf ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf dlxnf ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu dfq ;f]lwg] k|Zgx?_ s_ dlxnfx?sf] pkl:ylt / ;xefuLtf %=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{ s'g} a}7s af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg %=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof] < lyof] lyPg olb lyof] eg] dlxnf pkef]Qmfx?sf] e'ldsf s:tf] lyof] < ;'Gg] dfq cGtlqm{ofTds lg0ff{os %=# cfof]hgfsf] lqmofsnfkx?sf] /]vb]v ug{ s] vfg]kfgL pkef]Qmf tyf ;/;kmfO{ ;ldlt÷;+:yf u7g ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g %=$ vf=kf=p=;=;ldltsf ;b:ox? dWo] slt dlxnf ;b:ox? 5g\< -cGtjf{tf lng] JolQmn] vf=kf=p=;=;=l;t ;ldltsf] kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:ox?sf] gfdfjnL tyf tnlj sd{rf/Lsf] ljj/0f dfu u/L pknJw u/fpg] _
9 v_ n}lËstfsf cfwf/df sfo{ ljefhg %=% tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPsf] sfdx? cS;/ s:n] ug]{ ub{5< (√)lrGx nufpg';\ b}lgs 306fdf qm=;+ 3/fol; lqmofsnfkx? k'?if Dflxnf s'n ;do ! Vffg]kfgL eg]{, af]Sg], e08f/0f / k|of]u ug]{ @ efG5f tof/ ug]{, ef8fF dfem\g # Affnaflnsf / j[4j[4fsf] :ofxf/ $ n'uf w'g] 3/ ;kmf ug]{ % vfBfGg e08f/0f tyf tof/L ^ cGo u_ kfl/jfl/s Joj:yfkg, cfo >f]t / cGo ljifodf dlxnfx?sf] lgoGq0f / kx'Fr %=^ tnsf] tflnsfdf pNn]lvt kfl/jf/Ls ljifo jf If]qx?df lg0f{o ubf{ oxfFsf] 3/ kl/jf/df dlxnf÷k'?ifsf] egfO{sf] ;'g'jfO{ x'G5 < pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\ qm=;+ ljifo jf sfo{If]qx? x'G5 (√) x'b}g (√) ! cfly{s ;/f]sf/sf s'/fx? @ s]6fs]6Lsf] lzIff lbIff # s]6fs]6L / j[4j[4fsf] :jf:Yo / :ofxf/ $ crn ;Dklt lsgj]r -3/ hUuf_ % b}lgs lqmofsnfkx? ^ ;fdflhs ljlw Jojxf/, ljjfx, at{jGw, rf8kj{ tyf ;fdflhs÷kfl/jf/Ls ;';DjGwg cflb & cGo
%=& oxfFsf] kl/jf/df kfl/jf/Ls ;Dkltsf lgDg ljifodf dlxnfsf] kxF'r / :jfldTj /x]sf] 5 5}g tnsf] tflnsfdf pko'Qm sf]7fdf (√)lrGx nufpg';\
qm ;+ ljj/0f kx'Fr :jfldTj ! hUuf hldg @ 3/ tyf cGo ;+/rgfx? # rn ;Dklt÷;l+rt k};f $ B}lgs lqmofsnfkx? % cGo 3_ vf=kf=p=;=;= tyf ;d'bfodf dlxnfsf] :t/ -x}l;ot_ -lgDg a'Fbfx? cGt/jftf{ lng] JolQmn] u/]sf] cjnf]sgsf cfwf/ x'g]5 _ qm;+ ljifo pRr dWod lgDg ! cfTd;Ddfgaf]w @ cfTdljZjf; g]t[Tj zLk # bfloTjaf]w / Ifdtf $ Nofst, ts{ ;+ut, w}o{ / d]xgt % cGo
10 ^= ;d ljsf;df kx'Frsf cfwf/df ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf -cfof]hgfsf] ljleGg r/0fdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{sf,] cflbjf;L hghflt, blnt tyf k5fl8 k/]sf ju{sf] ;dfj]zL ;xeflutf ;DalGw hfgsf/L ;+sng ug{ k|To]s 3/b}nf]df, nlIft ;d'x 5nkmnaf6 / 5'§} dlxnf ;d'x;Fu 5nkmn ubf{ ;f]Wg] k|Zgx?_ s_ cfof]hgf lqmofsnfkdf u}/nfeflGjt ljkGg ju{x?, hfthflt, blnt, ckfËtf ePsf] JolQmsf] pkl:ylt ^=! cfof]hgfsf]af/]df 5nkmn ug{] s'g} e]nf÷a}7sdf ;dfj]zL tj/n] af]nfO{Psf] lyof] < lyof] lyPg ^=@ s] cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 ug{ a}7sdf ;dfj]zLtfsf] cfwf/df ;xefuLx?sf] pkl:ytL lyof]< lyof] lyPg ^=# s] vf=kf=p=;=;=sf] u7gdf ;dfj]zLtf c+uLsf/ ePsf] lyof]< lyof] lyPg
v_ lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;dfj]zL k|s[of ckgfPsf] lyof] <
^=$ cfof]hgf 5gf}6 ug{ hfthfltx?sf] s:tf] e"ldsf s:tf] lyof] < pRr dWod lgDg ^=% ;fgf ;x/L vfg]kfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL cfwf/df pkef]Qmfx?sf] kl/rfng ug{ ePsf] k|of; s:tf] lyof]< /fd|f] dWod lgDg
&= :jf:Yo / ;/;kmfO s= vfg]kfgL ! tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df kfgLsf] u'0f:t/ g/fd|f] -v/fa_ ePdf s] ;d:ofx? b]lvg ;S5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b'u{Gw cfpg] ÷ gld7f] :jfb !=@ bfFt ljlu|g]÷/+uLg] !=# la/fdL agfpg] !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ kfgL eg]{ / /fVg] efF8f] kfgL eg'{ / e08f/ ug'{ k"j{ ;kmf ug'{k5{ eGg] yfxf 5 < 5 5}g olb 5 eg], kfgL /fVg] efF8f] s;/L ;kmf ug'{ x'G5 < vfnL kfgL dfqn] v/fgL kfgLn] e';÷lk7f] / kfgLn] ;fa'g kfgLn] cGo -pNn]v ug'{;\_ ======#= tkfO{ 3/df kfgL s;/L /fVg' x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ 11 #=! kfgL eg'{ klxn] efF8f ;kmf ug]{ #=@ af;L kfgL km\ofFSg] #=# kfgL /fVg] efF8f] /fd|f];Fu 9fs]/÷5f]k]/ /fVg] #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======$= tkfO{ ufu|f] jf 3}+6f]af6 kfgL s;/L lgsfNg'x'G5 < $=! kfgL ;fg'{ cl3 cDvf]/f, nf}6f, s?jf, du wf]P/ $=@ lunf;, du, sk ufu|Ldf 8'afP/ $=# ufu|f]af6 nf]6f, c+Dvf]/f, s?jf, lunf;df kfgL ;f/]/ $=$= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======v= rkL{ != rkL{ k|of]usf kmfO{bfx? s] s] 5g\ < -PseGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! a'9f, afns tyf la/fdLnfO{ ;'ljwf !=@ 3/ tyf jftfj/0f ;kmf x'g] !=# uf]Kotf x'g] !=$ /f]uaf6 arfj6 x'g] !=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======@= s] tkfO{FnfO{ lb;faf6 /f]u ;5{ eGg] nfU5 < nfU5 nfUb}g olb nfU5 eg], dflg;sf] lb;faf6 ;g]{ /f]ux?sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ < ======#= s] tkfO{Fsf] 3/df rkL{ 5 < 5 5}g #=! olb 5 eg], s:tf] k|sf/sf] rkL{ 5 < ! vfN8] rkL{ $ l;:6g{ km\n; @ e]lG6n]6]8 vfN8] rkL{ % cGo ======# jf6/ l;n÷kf]/ km\n; #=@ olb 5 eg], tkfOF{sf] 3/df rkL{ s;s;n] k|of]u ug'{x'G5 < -!= ;a}n], @= aRrf afx]s ;a}n] #= jo:s / k|f}9n] dfq} $= lj/fdL dfqn]} _ #=# olb 5}g eg], lsg rkL{ gagfpg' ePsf] xf] < -s= agfpg] tl/sf yfxf geP/, v= nufgL ug{ g;s]/, u= v'Nnf d}bfgdf lb;f ug]{ afgL eP/, 3= hUufsf] cefjn] ª cGo -pNn]v ug]{+_======_ #=$ olb 5}g eg,] lb;f ug{ sxfF hfg'x'G5 < -s= Vff]nf÷hËn÷lsgf/ v= v'Nnf d}bfg÷7fpF u= 3/÷;8s 5]p 3= hxfF ;lhnf] x'G5_ #=% olb 5}g eg], rkL{ agfpg slt nufgL ug{ ;Sg' x'G5 < ?= u= vfg]s'/fsf] ;/;kmfO != vfBkbfy{ b"lift x'gaf6 s;/L arfpg'x'G5 < -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg;Sg]_ !=! ksfPsf] vfgf 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg] !=@ af;L aRg] u/L w]/} gksfP/ !=# sfFr} vfOg] vfg]s'/f /fd|f];Fu kvfn]/ wf]P/ dfq vfg]
12 !=$ xft uf]8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq efG;fdf k;]/ !=% ;kmf xftn] vfgf k:sg] !=^ 8f8' kGo', yfn÷efF8fs'F8f ;kmf u/]/ dfq vfgf k:sg]÷vfg] !=& r'nf] rf}sL ksfpg] ef8f, 9sgx? ;kmf /fVg] !=* w]/} af;L jf ;8] un]sf kmnkm'n t/sf/L gvfg] @= s] tkfO{ vfg]s'/f 5f]k]/÷9fs]/ /fVg'x'G5 < /fV5' /flVbg olb /fVg'x'G5 eg], To;af6 s] s] kmfObfx? 5g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! w'nf] d}nf], lem+uf, ;fËnf, ls/f, tyf 3/kfn'jf kz'kG5Laf6 arfj6 @=@ d";f÷5'r'Gb|f]÷dfp;'ln÷la/fnf]af6 aRg @=# vfB k|b'if0faf6 x'g] /f]uaf6 aRg @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======hLjghn agfpg] tl/sf yfxf 5 5}g ;f]Wg], olb yfxf ePdf ;lx tl/sfn] hLjghn agfpg] . hLjghn agfpg] ;lx tl/sf lgDgcg';f/sf] 5 . != klxnf ;fa'g kflgn] xft ;kmf ug]{, @= lrof lunf;sf] ^ lunf; -Ps ln6/_ kfgL Pp6f ;kmf efF8f]df xfNg] -olb kfgL pdfn]sf] ePdf ;]nfpg lbg]_, #=hLjghnsf] Ps Kofs]6leq ePsf] w'nf] k"/} kfgLdf xfnL kfgLnfO{ /fd|/L rnfP/ w'nf]nfO{ 3'Ng lbg] .
3= JolQmut ;/;kmfO
!= tkfO{F / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] / s] u/]kl5 xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g] eP o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . -Ps eGbf a9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ % jif{ d'lgsf qm=;+= lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ ! vfgf vfg' cl3 @ vfgf vfPkl5 # lb;f uPkl5 $ kmf]x/ d}nf 5f]Pkl5 % sfdaf6 kms]{kl5 ^ s]6fs]6LnfO{ lb;f lk;fj u/fO ;s]kl5 & cGo -pNn]v ug]{_
@= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] s] n] xft w'g'x'G5 < w'g]df o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gw'g]df o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . % jif{ d'lgsf qm=;+= lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ w'g] -9_ gw'g] -×_ != kfgL dfq} @= v/fgL kfgL #= e';÷lk7f] kfgL $= ;fa'g kfgL %= cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ hDdf
13 #= tkfO{ / kl/jf/sf cGo ;b:on] slxn] slxn] g'xfpg'x'G5 < g'xfpg] eP o:tf] -9_ lrGx nufpg'xf];\ / gg'xfpg] eP o:tf] -×_ lrGx nufpg'xf]; . qm=;+= k|lqmofsnfk afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if -9_ -×_ -9_ -×_ -9_ -×_ != k|To]s lbg @= Ps lbg la/fP/ #= xKtfdf @ k6s $= xKtfdf ! k6s %= @ xKtfdf ! k6s ^= dlxgfdf Ps k6s hDdf ª= kmf]x/ d}nf Joj:yfkg != tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] 7f]; kmf]x/ d}nf sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < !=! 3/ glhs vfN8f]df !=@ lghL kmf]x/ ;+sngstf{nfO{ lbg] !=# uf=lj=;=÷gu/kflnsfn] Joj:yf u/]sf] vfN8f] jf Sofgdf !=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======@= 7f]; tyf t/n kmf]x/ j:t'nfO{ cJojl:yt tl/sfn] lj;h{g ugf{n] x'g] g/fd|f c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ @=! kmf]xf]/ jftfj/0fdf j[l4 @=@ nfdv'§], lem+uf, ls/fx?sf] j[l4 @=# /f]u ;g]{df j[l4 @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= tkfO{sf] 3/af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ kfgL sxfF lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 <
#=! vfN8f]df (Soak pit) #=@ t/sf/L af/Ldf÷s/];f af/Ldf #=# ;fj{hlgs 9ndf #=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======r= j:t'efpsf] kmf]x/ Joj:yfkg != s] tkfO{n] a:t'efp kfNg' ePsf] 5 < 5 5}g -olb 5}g eg] kfgL hGo ;?jf /f]udf hfg]_ olb 5 eg] s'g s'g k|sf/sf 5g\ / ltgLx?nfO{ sxfF /fVg' x'G5 < qm= a:t'efpsf] k|sf/ 3/leq} /fVg] aflx/ 5'§} uf]7df /fVg] ;+= ! ufO{÷e}+;L @ a+u'/÷;+u'/ # afv|f $ s'v'/f÷xfF; % cGo
14 @= a:t'efpaf6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/ sxfF / s;/L lj;h{g ug'{x'G5 < @=! dnvfbdf @=@ cfuf] afNg]÷u'OF{7f agfpg] @=# uf]j/ Uof; KnfG6df k|of]u ug]{ @=$ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======#= j:t'efpsf] kmf]xf]/ d}nfsf] hyfeflj cJojl:yt tj/n] lj;h{g ubf{ x'g] v/fj c;/x? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ #=! jftfj/0fL kmf]xf]/df j[l4 x'g] #=@ nfdv'§,] lem+uf, ls/fx?s]f j[l4 x'g] #=# /f]uAoflw j9\g] tyf ;g]{ #=$ ufFp, 5/l5d]s tyf gu/ czf]elgo b]lvg] #=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ ======5= kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]ux? != kfgLhGo ;?jf /f]usf] sf/0fx? s] s] x'g\ < -Ps eGbf j9L pQ/ cfpg ;Sg]_ !=! b"lift kfgL k|of]u ubf{ !=@ b"lift vfgf vfFbf !=# 3/ tyf ;fj{hlgs :yndf kmf]x/ a9\gfn] !=$ dflg;sf] dnd"q hyfefjL km\ofSg] ubf{ !=% kmf]xf]/ d}nf hyfefjL km\ofFSg] ubf{ !=^ :jf:Yo lzIff tyf :j:y afgLsf] cefj !=& ;/;kmfO{ / :jf:Yo ;DjGwL 1fg / r]tgfsf] cefjn] !=* cGo ======
@= tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/df sf]xL la/fdL k/]df s] ug'{x'G5 <-k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ @=! 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ @=@ wfdL, emfFqmL, k'hf/L sxfF nfg] @=# cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] @=$ :Jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg] @=% cGo -pNn]v ug]{_ #= olb kl/jf/df s;}nfO{ emf8fkvfnf nfu]df s] ug'{x'G5 < -k|fyldstf cg';f/ gDa/ n]Vg]_ #=! hLjghn v'jfpg] #=@ 3/fo;L pkrf/ ug]{ #=# wfdL, emf+qmL jf k'hf/L sxfF hfg] #=$ cf}iflw k;ndf hfg] #=% :jf:Yo rf}ls jf c:ktfndf hfg]
15 #=^ cGo -pNn]v ug]{_======$= ut Ps jif{leq kl/jf/sf ;b:ox? tnsf /f]ux? dWo] s'g s'g /f]uaf6 lj/fdL eP< -df]la{l8l6 sf] l:ylt_ %= tkfO{sf] kl/jf/df kfgLhGo lgDglnlvt ;?jf /f]uaf6 sf]lx lj/fdL k/]sf] lyof]< tnsf] tflnsfdf ;+Vof pNn]v ug'{;\ .
% jif{ d'lgsf jflif{s qm= ;+= /f]u dlxnf k'?if afnaflnsf vr{ ?= ! emf8fkvfnf @ cfpF # h'sf $ 6fO{kmfO{8 % x}hf ^ 5fnf ;DaGwL /f]u & cf}nf]/f]u -dn]l/of_ * sdnlkQ -h08L;_ ( cGo hDdf ^= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{sf kl/jf/df sf]xL emf8f kvfnf tyf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?af6 d[To' ePsf] 5 < -d[To' cj:yf_ /f]u % jif{ d'lgsf afnaflnsf dlxnf k'?if emf8f kvfnf cfpF kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf
&= ut Ps jif{leq tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:onfO{ emf8fkvfnf / kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux?sf] pkrf/df slt /sd vr{ ug'{ eof] < Vfr{ /sd -?=df_ /f]u @))) ;Dd @))!—#))) #))!—%))) %))) eGbf dfly emf8fkvfnf kfgLhGo cGo ;?jf /f]ux? hDdf ;xof]usf nfuL wGojfb!
16 Governent of Nepal Ministry of Physical Planning and Works Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Secod Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitatin Sector Project Project Management Office Panipokhari, Kathmandu
Initial Environmental Examination for Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Dang District Batch I (Package II) (ADB Grant-0157 (NEP)
TERMS OF REFERENCE
December, 2010 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ADB : Asian Development Bank amsl : Above Mean Seal Level DI : Ductile Iron Dia. : Diameter DWSS : Department of Water Supply and Sewerage DSC : Design and Supervision Consultant EDC : Engineering Design Consultant EIA : Environmental Impact Assessment EPA : Environmental Protection Act EPR : Environmental Protection Rule GI : Galvanised Iron GoN : Government of Nepal HDPE : High Density Polyethylene Pipe HHs : Households IEE : Initial Environmental Examination lpcd : Liter per capita per day lps : Litre per second MPPW : Ministry of Physical Planning and Works NDWQS : National Drinking Water Quality Standard NEA : Nepal Electricity Authority NGO : Non-government Office Nrs. : Nepalese Rupees O&M : Operation and Maintenance OD : Outer diameter PMC : Project Management Consultant PMO : Project Management Office SSTWSSSP : Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project TDF : Town Development Fund VAT : Value Added Tax VDC : Village Development Committee WHO : World Health Organisation WSSDO : Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office WUSC : Water User’s and Sanitation Committee
i SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS I TABLE OF CONTENTS II
CHAPTER I NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT ...... 3 CHAPTER II BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT ...... 4
2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT ...... 4 2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 5 2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT ...... 8 2.3.1 Water Supply System ...... 8 2.3.2 Sanitation System...... 8 2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System ...... 8 CHAPTER III PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT ...... 10
3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY ...... 10 3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT ...... 11 3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT ...... 11 CHAPTER IV POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES ...... 12 CHAPTER V TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ...... 13 5.1 TIME ...... 13 5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET ...... 13 5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED ...... 13 CHAPTER VI ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT ...... 14
6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS ...... 14 6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS ...... 14 6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS ...... 15 CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT ...... 16 CHAPTER VIII MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 17 CHAPTER IX MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT ...... 18
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 18 9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN ...... 18 9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION ...... 19 9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 20 CHAPTER X REPORT ...... 21 CHAPTER XI RELEVANT INFORMATION ...... 22
ii SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
CHAPTER I NAME AND ADDRESS OF THE INSTITUTION PREPARNG THE PROJECT
The Environment Protection Regulations of 1997 (amended in 2007) mentions that a ToR for an IEE is required.
This ToR is prepared to carry out Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project in Dang District. The project proponent, STWSSSP of Government of Nepal, Ministry Of Physical Panning and Works. Department of Water Supply and Sewerage (DWSS) is responsible for the preparation of IEE report.
Name of Proponent: Project Management Office Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project Department of Water Supply and Sewerage Ministry of Physical Panning and Works Government of Nepal
Address of the Proponent: Panipokari, Kathmandu Tel: 977 1 442388, 977 1 4412348 Fax: 977 1 4413280 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.sstwsssp.gov.np
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CHAPTER II BACKGROUND AND DESCRIPTION OF THE ROJECT
2.1 RELEVANCY OF THE PROJECT
It is required to carry out environmental analysis of the project considering provisions mentioned in the Environmental Protection Act 1997 and Environmental protection Regulations 1997 (Amendments 1999 and 2007). The EPA (1997) and The EPR (1997 as amended, 1998), recommend/ mandate EIA, IEE studies depending upon the nature of the water supply schemes (EPR, 1997, Rule 3 and Annex 1 and 2). The revised environmental rules published on 20sept, 2007 is also used to determine the criteria for the IEE or EIA of the project.
The proposed Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project supplies water to more than 5000 but less than 50,000 populations by augmentation of new water sources from two deep tube well from ground water sources pumping less than 25 lps, (existing flow is not in consideration for environmental issues). The project does not involve construction of any tunnels; relocation of people or households, and construction of river training works is not required. The following table compares the status of the project against criteria defined by EPA and EPR for which a drinking water project would require an IEE or EIA.
a. The Supply drinking water from new source for design population An IEE is required. 33,969 (i.e. between 5,000 to 50,000), criteria satisfy but the system is augmentation of flow and rehabilitation one. b. Augmentation of new water source in existing system population An IEE is required. 33,969 (i.e. between 10,000 to 100,000), the system is augmentation of flow. c. Treatment/ processing system and its capacity is 17.20lps An IEE is required. augmentation discharge, its capacity is less than 25 litres per second. The existing system abstract 30.37 lps from deep tube well and supplies directly into the distribution system. d. Project Cost. The scheme cost is estimated Nrs 153,320,228.85 An IEE is required. (IEE required when the project cost is in between 50 million to 250 million rupees) e. The project location in relation to environmental sensitive area. No environmental assessment (IEE The scheme will not be located in any defined protected area or or EIA) is required environmental sensitive area. f. Displacement of people. The scheme is unlikely to displace the No environmental assessment (IEE people. or EIA) is required g. Construction of water conveyance tunnel Not applicable- no environmental assessment (IEE or EIA) is required h. Recharging groundwater aquifer for the purpose of developing Not applicable- no environmental groundwater resources assessment (IEE or EIA) is required
Considering this, it is required to conduct IEE study as per the GoN/ EPR.
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2.2 BACKGROUD AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT
Lamahi is situated in ward no. 2 of Chailahi Village Development Committee (VDC) of Dang District lies in Rapti Zone of Mid-western Development Region of Nepal. The town lies in the East West Highway 24 km south from Ghorahi, the district head quarters of the Dang district. The latitude and longitude of Lamahi is 27°52'15" N and 82°32'15" E and is located 290 m above mean sea level (amsl).
The climate of the project area is tropical. There are no rain gauge station and climatological station in the project area. Based upon the available rainfall data, the maximum monthly rainfall is 827mm, which is significantly less than 1,400 mm average precipitation of Nepal. The mean monthly temperature of the town varies from 5.8°- 35.8°C.
The service area of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project covers ward no 1 to 5 and 9 of Chailahi VDC. The major places/ villages of Chailahi VDC included in the service area are Arnahawa and Chailahi (Ward no. 1); Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata Town Planning area (Ward no. 2); Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur (Ward no. 3); Khairi upto Dumduma School, Madhyanagar, Dhikpur, Kasyapur (Ward no. 4); Langadi (Ward no. 5) and Bangau Chowk, Narayanpur Gaon (Ward no. 9).
As per the population census 2058 BS (2001 AD), the population under Chailahi VDC is 15,966 in total. Out of this 8,063 are male and 7,903 are female. The present population in the proposed service area is 14,513 (including 12,659 permanent and 1,854 rental) in 2,330 HHs. The total population in the proposed service area during design year shall be 33,969 (including 24,659 permanent and 9310 projected populations for 1235 plots in planning area). The population growth rate is 4%.
The project comprises with two major components. The first component is water supply services which include augmentation of additional water sources, construction of water treatment facilities and storage tanks/ service reservoir, rehabilitation or expansion of existing transmission and distribution systems in required extent. The second component is sanitation services, which include public toilets, sludge drying bed for septic tank and sludge disposal is to be provided in the town through an integrated approach. The solid waste management activities, construction of drainage system in the town core area and provision of Output Based Aid (OBA) to the service providers are also included in the town project. The project details have been presented in Salient Features:
5 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
SALIENT FEATURES
1. Project Name: Second Small Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
2. Scheme Name: Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project, Lamahi, Dang
3. Service Area: All service area lies in Chailahi VDC. The settlements are:
• Ward no. 1: Arnahawa and Chailahi • Ward no. 2: Lamahi bazaar, Kolahi, Lamahi Gaon, Lamahi Ratmata Town Planning area • Ward no. 3: Thulo Maharwa, Chotaki Maharwa, Deupur • Ward no. 4: Khairi upto Dumduma School, Madhyanagar, Dhikpur, Kasyapur • Ward no. 5: Langadi • Ward no. 9: Bangau Chowk, Narayanpur Gaon
4. Scheme Type: Pumping system (Augmentation of groundwater with existing pumping system).
5. Designed Flow (lps): 47.60 Supplied from existing system (lps): 16.5 Required from new groundwater pumping System (lps): 31.1
6. Source Discharge Measurement
Proposed Sources Measured Discharge Safe Yield Tapped Flow lps. lps. lps. Existing pumping - - 16.5 New ground water (from additional two tube well) 31.1 7. Design Period: 15 Years (1 year preparation, 2 year construction and 15 years design period).
8. Household No. - Survey Year: 2,330 (including all planning plots) Empty planning plots at Ratmata 1235 9. Growth Rate: 4% per annum.
10. Population: Survey Year 2010 Base Year 2013 Design Year 2027 Other settlements 10,676 12,009 20,796 Ratamata Planning 1,983 2,231 3,863 Projected population at Empty Planning Plots 1,342 9,310 Total 12,659 15, 582 33,969
11. Water Demand at design year (lpd) Domestic: 3,396,895 Non-domestic demand (adopt 10 % of domestic demand, which includes rental population demand, Institutional demand, Industrial/ Commercial demand, filter backwash demand, fire demand etc.) 339,689
6 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
Leakage and wastage (10%): 373,658 Total: 4,110,242
12. Structures required Intake Type Deep Tube Well (1 existing, 1 newly developed but not functioned yet, 1 new proposed) 3 Pump house 1 Generator house 2 Pipe length (m) Transmission main (existing 800m, new 2940m) 3,740m Distribution main (existing 2341.89m, new 54288.16m) 56,630.05 m
Pipe Size Transmission Main GI(M) (mm) 150 DI (M) (mm) 200 Distribution main: HDPE (mm) 50 – 160 GI(M) (mm) 40 -100 DI (M) (mm) 125 - 250 Aerator (no) 1 Ground storage (No/ cum cap. cum) 1nos of 1000 cum new 1no of 150cum existing OH Reservoir (No/ cum capacity cum) 1no of 150cum OHT supplies at Ratamata planning area and ground reservoir supplies in Lamahi and other settlements. Control Valve Chamber (No.) 50 Washout/ Air Valve Chamber (No.) 9 HH and Institutional connection (Existing HH connection 885 included) 2,398 Community tap stand post in 1% of total HH (No) 4 (1 community tap for each 6HH)
13. Sanitation Component Construction of storm drainage 6475m Site development of land fill site (stone masonry wall) Tractor procurement for solid waste collection School toilet 5nos
14. Estimated project cost for water supply component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068:
Total (including 10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT) 153,320,228.85
15. Estimated project cost for sanitation component (Nrs.) as per district rate 2067-2068: Total (10% physical contingencies and 13% VAT) 39,228,633.40 GoN (85%) 33,344,388.39 Contribution from Local bodies/ users (15%) 5,884,295.01
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2.3 BASELINE CONDITION OF THE PROJECT
2.3.1 Water Supply System
There exists a water supply system in Lamahi bazar and villages such as Deupur, Kolahi etc. The water supply source used in the existing system is groundwater pumped from 121m (i.e. 397 ft) deep tube well. The pump house is located at Deupur. The supply fully covers ward no 2 and partially of ward no. 3 of the Chailahi VDC. The total beneficiaries from the system are about 8355 (ie about 50% of ward 2 and 3). The people are also using water from shallow tube well for bathing and washing.
There is no piped water supply system in ward no 1, 4 and 9 of Chailahi VDC. People are fetching water from shallow tube well. Most of the houses have their own hand tube well. It seems that the water contains iron in shallow tube well.
There are two reservoirs with 150 and 15 cum capacity situated at Ratmata Danda in the WUSC premises. The first reservoir supplies water in bazaar area and villages, where as the second reservoir supplies the water in Ratmata planning area. The scheme is functioning well.
Recently, WUSC has constructed another deep tube well (about 113 m deep) at Deupur - 3 about 175m west from the existing deep tube well. Installation of 40HP submersible pump and transmission pipe laying works are in completion stage.
The system has about 885 private connections and 4 metered community taps. There is more than 50% water leakage in the distribution system. Further 113 HHs are demanded for new connection. Every month 15-20 meters are damaged and need to be repaired due to their bad quality.
The average water consumption from the existing system is about 77.55 litres per capita per day. But due to the leakage in the system, people are fetching about half only i.e. 39 lpcd.
2.3.2 Sanitation System
The sanitary condition of the community is satisfactory. The personal sanitary infrastructure condition of the community is satisfactory. The storm water flows from north to south. The town area has road side drain to allow the flow of storm water. This can be proven that there is no foul and garbage seen along the road side and near the house. Private toilets have been constructed in limited households in the rural / village settlement. Almost all households in the urban areas have their own toilet with septic tanks. Some poor households have pit latrine. But due to the shortage of water, the latrines do not function properly in rural settlements. There is one public toilet beside Bus Park, which is functional. Also there are surface drainage facilities in some places to dispose rainwater, which is not enough.
The common diseases caused due to water in the service area are diarrhea, jaundice, dysentery and typhoid.
2.3.3 Solid Waste Management System
Lamahi Town Development Committee has disposed solid waste of the town in upstream forest area. The existing land fill site is located in the jungle situated about 1km north from the Ratmata
8 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
town planning. The site development works has been carried out; however no structures are made yet. WUSC has decided to construct the boundary wall around the disposal site to prevent the leechet flow into the town. Hence stone masonry wall has been provided in the boundary wall.
Similarly, one tractor has been kept for the collection of waste, which is not sufficient to collect the daily waste.
The location of project area and service area of Lamahi Town Water Supply and Sanitation Project is provided in Dwg: LA - 01
9 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
CHAPTER III
PROCEDURES TO BE ADOPTED WHILE PREPARING THE REPORT
3.1 GENERAL METHODOLOGY
The IEE approach, methodology and procedure should generally follow the provisions of the EPA & EPR and related national and sectoral guidelines. The approach /methodology to be used for conducting the IEE include review of literature, simple survey/ inspections/ observations making simple measurements, discussion with communities and other stakeholders, and IEE team judgment.
a. Literature review: published and unpublished readily available relevant information should be reviewed. The potential sources of information include, but not limited to; topographical maps, publications of DDC, District Forest Office, District Soil Conservation Office, District Agriculture Office, District Irrigation Office, District Water Supply Office, District Livestock Services Office, and NGOs. Moreover, the reports related to scheme (e.g. Feasibility Study Report, consultation report and any other relevant report) should be considered in preparing IEE report.
b. Walk-through survey: The IEE team will walk-through the service area, scheme component sites and visit the significant environmental features in the probable influence area, and make necessary measurements, inspect/ observe and discuss it with the local stakeholders.
c. Focus Group Discussion (FGD): The team conduct shall consult with the local communities and other stakeholders, and organize FGD with them.
The project proponent shall adopt the methodology in following sequence of activities to accomplish the assignment.
• Complete the Rapid Assessment Checklist for each subproject. It should cover water supply, sewerage, solid waste and urban development sub-projects. • Prepare a comprehensive database on the corridor of influence on the physical, biological and socio-economic environment. • Secondary data will have to be collected from published and unpublished reports, maps, aerial photographs, newspaper articles, etc. from different Governmental and non-governmental organisations. • Questionnaires/checklists/matrices for collection of primary data will be prepared for both the physical, biological and socio-economic assessments. • The Consultant will provide a description of relevant parts of the Project, using maps with appropriate scale and photographs and aerial photos where necessary, including the following information: location, alignment and alternatives, design standards, pre-construction activities, construction activities, post-construction activities, work schedule, staffing and support facilities and services. • Information on mitigation costs associated with construction activities (during design, construction and operation and maintenance activities) should also be included.
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3.2 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT
The IEE should consider the likely environmental consequences that may arise as a result of the proposed upgrading/ improvement during the construction as well as operation periods. The existing environmental constraints and potential impacts in the Project area have to be studied through field surveys, complemented by secondary information from reports and interviews with a number of government officials, representatives of NGOs and International Organisations’ (IOs) supported projects and researches.
The Consultant will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the area along the pipeline routes and its corridor of influence, including the following information:
(a) Physical Environment: topography, soils, climate and meteorology, geology, surface and ground water hydrology, noise, air and water quality
(b) Biological Environment: flora, fauna, rare and endangered species, religious trees and sensitive habitats (including parks or reserves)
The Consultant will develop all necessary documents for field visit and collect data with the help of the survey team. It is suggested that the IEE team go to the field and work as a team and not dispersed at different times.
3.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ASSESSMENT
Socio-economic and cultural assessment of the projects shall be carried out to determine the implications (issues) in terms of assumed positive and negative impacts related to location, design, construction and operation. Since preparation and actual implementation of the construction activities will create some nuisance and inconvenience for the communities in the area, these impacts have to be duly considered.
Primary data should be obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with communities along the pipeline routes under consideration. Additional data should be collected from the various Committees (VDCs, DDCs, NGOs, community groups etc.) through whose territory the respective pipe alignments pass.
11 SSTWSSSP: Lamahi Town Water Supply & Sanitation Project ToR for IEE
CHAPTER IV
POLICIES, LAWS, RULES, AND DIRECTIVES
Since the proposed project has to comply with the national legislation besides other relevant legislations, the Consultant shall describe the pertinent regulations and standards that govern environmental quality, health and safety, protection of sensitive areas and endangered species etc. at international, regional, district, VDC and Ward levels.
Nepal is a signatory to many international conventions, including those concerning habitat, bio- diversity and cultural heritage protection. These issues should be considered during the IEE and their avoidance/ mitigation measures should be identified.
The IEE should also be conducted in compliance with the following GoN Acts, Regulations and Guidelines:
• First Amendment to the Environment Protection Regulations, 2066 (1999) • Policy Guidelines of Ninth Five Year Plan, HMG/N, Planning Commission, 2055 (1998) • 2055/56 Fiscal Policy Guidelines, Ministry of Finance, HMG/N, 2055 (1998) • Environment Protection Regulations, 2054 (1997) • Draft EIA Guidelines for the Road Sector, 2054 (1997) • Environment Protection Act, 2053 (1997) • EIA Guidelines for the Forestry Sector, 2052 (1995) • National EIA Guidelines, 2050 (1993) • Forest Act, 2049 and Forest Regulations, 2050 • Land Acquisition Act, 2034
The IEE will also take into consideration ADB’s “Safeguard Policy Statement” (SPS 2009).
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CHAPTER V TIME, ESTIMATED BUDGET AND SPECIALISTS REQUIRED
5.1 TIME
After the approval of the ToR, it is expected that the approximate time needed to complete the final IEE report will be 6 weeks as follows:
ACTIVITY DURATION
1. Desk-top study 1 week
2. Field study 2 weeks
3. Data compilation 1 week
4. Draft IEE Report 1 week
5. Final IEE Report 1 week
5.2 ESTIMATED BUDGET
A budget of approximately Rs. 300,000.00 will be required to complete the IEE for the Project.
5.3 SPECIALISTS REQUIRED
The IEE study requires a multidisciplinary team of specialists/experts for the bio-physical and socio- economic and cultural assessments. The following team is proposed:
• Environmental Specialist • Geologist • Botanist/Forester • Sociologist • Water Supply and Sanitary Engineer
Three to four enumerators will also be required to help the team. The IEE team will also benefit from the inputs provided by the design team.
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CHAPTER VI ANTICIPATED IMPACTS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT ON ENVIRONMENT
The impacts shall be identified mainly for the two activities i.e. project construction and post construction (O&M) phase on the existing physical, biological and socio-economic resources. A distinction will have to be made between potentially significant positive & adverse impacts, direct & indirect impacts. The impacts shall be characterized as i) low, high & medium in terms of magnitude, ii) long term, short term & medium term in terms of duration and iii) site specific, local & regional/national in terms of extent. As a part of the study, enhancement of the positive impacts shall also be carried out. The potential physical, biological and socio-economic impacts should be considered as follows:
6.1 PHYSICAL IMPACTS
a. Land: The study shall consider the possible changes in the land use pattern of the area in relation to landslide, erosion, and environmental aesthetics degradation. Moreover, the study shall also consider compensation for the acquired land if any.
b. Water: The study shall consider the possibility of negative impacts on surface water, ground water, wastewater problems and obstruction to natural drainage. Apart from this, the study shall also focus on the source dispute and water use conflicts if any.
c. Air & Noise: The potential deterioration in ambient air quality and noise & vibration disturbance during the construction and operation phases shall be considered to recommend the mitigation measures.
d. Soil & Geology: The IEE study should consider the degradation in the soils and geological status of the project area due to the project and its associated activities. The consequences of the erosion and landslides due to the project shall also be studied.
e. Hydrology: The IEE study shall cover changes in river hydrology as a result of project implementation along with the consequences (adverse or positive) resulted from the project. In addition, the effects on ground water table will be studied in accordance with the requirements.
f. Others: The study also consider other applicable parameters, such as: quarry site impact, spoil disposal impact, waste materials disposal impact etc., identified during the study. In addition to this, cumulative impacts shall also be considered during the identification of the impacts of the project on the natural settings of the environment.
6.2 BIOLOGICAL IMPACTS
a. Flora (Forest & Terrestrial Vegetation): The study shall consider the possible changes in forest cover/forest clearance, extinction of rare and endangered species of floral species, timber exploitation, firewood extraction etc. due to the project activities in order to assess the losses to the vegetation and to suggest suitable mitigation measures.
b. Wildlife and Terrestrial Fauna: The study also consider the change in the terrestrial wildlife, avi-fauna and aquatic life including fish, extinction of rare and endangered species, loss of habitat, sensitive habitat, migratory routes, construction disturbances, hunting and poaching by workforce, destruction of spawning and rearing of ground of fish, impact on fishermen etc. due to the project.
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c. Others: Other applicable parameters, if any, such as permanent disturbances to the vegetation coverage, local wildlife, fish migration, fish entrainment, and riparian release etc. identified during the study shall be incorporated in the report along with their cumulative effects on the environment.
6.3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL IMPACTS
The socio-economic and cultural impacts can be wide ranging in their nature. So the study shall incorporate the factors like; livelihood, infrastructure & access, cultural sites, sanitation & wastes, occupational health and safety impact, land acquisition and compensation impact, Impact on women and vulnerable, impact on local economy, migration problem, resettlement & rehabilitation problems, slum creation hazard, impact on education, law and order problem, generation of employment, impacts due to influx of workers and resulting cultural differences hazards.
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CHAPTER VII ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES TO THE PROPOSED PROJECT
The alternative analysis of the project shall be conducted during the study to minimize the possible negative environmental impacts. Alternative measures to the proposed project to meet the same project objectives will have to be described in following aspects:
• Project Location (setting) • Design • Technology choice • Construction techniques • Operation and Maintenance.
Alternatives in terms of potential environmental impacts, capital and operating costs and institutional training and monitoring requirements should be described. Costs and benefits of each alternative should be quantified (wherever possible); incorporating the estimated costs of any associated mitigation measures. The no project option is always open.
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CHAPTER VIII MITIGATION MEASURES
The mitigation measures for adverse potential impacts due to location, design, construction and post-construction will have to be proposed during the preparation of IEE report for all the perceived impacts to minimize the environmental impacts of project implementation after the prediction of extent, magnitude and duration of the impacts. Mitigation measures will have to be incorporated from the planning stage onwards. In general the following area shall be covered while preparing mitigation measures:
a. Project Design phase
b. Project construction phase
c. Project operation and maintenance phase
Concerned agencies like STWSSSP, DWSS, WUSC and local agencies, Local administration, police office shall be consulted during the implementation of mitigation measures. The proponent is required to prepare Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and these measures should be outlined in the EMP in order to implement the proposed measures during the project implementation.
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CHAPTER IX MATTERS TO BE MONITORED WHILE IMPLEMENTING THE PROJECT
9.1 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
The project proponent has to develop an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to systematically manage all the perceived environmental impacts of the project. It shall be therefore based on the mitigation measures for the project induced impacts. An Environmental Management Plan (EMP) has a dual purpose. It is designed to monitor the contractor’s work during project implementation. It helps to check contractual compliance with specified mitigation measures. It also helps in making periodic checks on the actual environmental impacts of the Project over the years following completion of the works, and compares these with those impacts anticipated at the time of Project appraisal. The EMP therefore provides the necessary feedback required for correcting potentially serious Project deficiencies, and for planning of other projects.
The EMP shall include the responsibilities of different stakeholders based on preliminary plans and schedules. This program shall include measures required during the project design, construction and operational phases and shall include recommendations on allocation of components of the EMP to the various parties involved. Feasible and cost-effective measures to prevent/mitigate/reduce significant negative impacts should be recommended in an Environmental Management Plan. The impacts and costs associated with implementing the measures will have to be detailed. The EMP will include proposed work programs, budget estimates, schedules, staffing and training requirements and other support services to implement the mitigating measures.
9.2 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
The project will develop Environmental Monitoring Program for the pre-construction, construction and post construction activities of the project. The program will evaluate: (i) the extent and severity of the adverse environmental impacts as compared to what was predicted, (ii) how effective the mitigating measures were and compliance with the regulations and the (iii) overall effectiveness of the EMP.
The environmental monitoring of the project includes field supervision and reporting of project activities prior to and during the project construction and operation in order to ensure that the works are being carried out in accordance to the approved design and that the environmental mitigation measures are fully implemented in accordance with the EMP. A monitoring system will be developed involving i) front line monitoring ii) monitoring by the government line agencies or independent monitors and iii) auditing through the involvement of government agencies, donor agencies and independent auditors.
The EDC will prepare progress reports on EMP implementation and submits to relevant agencies on regular basis. The Division Office will oversee the environmental monitoring activities undertaken by EDC.
The construction and operation phase monitoring of the mitigating measures will mainly consider the following impacts due to:
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1. Construction Phase: Soil erosion, sedimentation and slope stabilization; spoil-tip protection and management; stock taking of species of urban vegetation during vegetation clearance along pipeline alignments and re-plantation; change in hydrology and morphology of streams and rivers; water, air and noise (vibration) pollution; solid waste; land intake and compensation; reinstatement of damaged structures and services; crime and community stress; health, safety and sanitation of the work force and camps; archaeological and cultural sites and chance finds; and traffic management.
2. Operation Phase: Discharge of industrial wastes to wastewater treatment systems; wastewater treatment operations; sludge disposal; quality of drinking water supplies; pipe flushing and wastewater release to receiving waters.
9.3 INFORATION DISCLOSURE, PUBLC CONSULTATION AND PARTICIPATION
Public consultation is the process of exchanging information with those persons and organisations with a legitimate interest in a project and/or who are likely to be affected by the project (stakeholders). It is a two-way process that informs and involves the community in developing a project, and informs the proponent about issues and concerns, which can then be addressed in project design. Information disclosure involves stakeholders in monitoring the development and implementation of a project and fosters openness in decision-making by presenting documents and other project materials for public scrutiny.
The consultation and disclosure involves consultation with stakeholders at an early stage of project preparation, and throughout project implementation. As a minimum, stakeholders will be consulted regarding the scope of the environmental study before work has commenced in earnest, and should then be informed about the likely impacts of the project and proposed mitigation once the draft IEE report is under preparation. The report should record the views of stakeholders and indicate how these have been taken into account in project development.
Information is disclosed through public consultation and more formally by making documents and other materials available in a form and at a location in which they can be easily accessed by stakeholders. This normally involves making draft reports available (in the local language) at public locations in the community and providing a mechanism for the receipt of comments and making documents available more widely.
Public consultation and involvement should be given highest priority in the implementation of mitigation measures. Public consultation should take place and on the basis of decision of the consultation meeting, implementation of mitigation measures should be prioritized and should be carried out with the involvement of the local people.
Monitoring is one of the components of EMP. The results of monitoring should also be disclosed in the form of demonstration, charts, figures, graphs, and samples, etc., to the local people, school students and other interested stakeholders. In the process of compliance monitoring of the project construction, local people and construction workers should be consulted.
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9.4 GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM
The Grievance Redress Mechanism as proposed in the Resettlement Plan is also relevant here. The Division Office will be responsible to address the issues and problems raised by the local communities regarding the loss of assets, water and sanitation etc. during the implementation of the project. The Division Office shall ask the Environment Specialist of the EDC to assist in the handling of grievances and the community level stakeholders should be encouraged to help in the handling of grievances at the project sites.
The affected person / community will submit grievances / complaints to the Water Supply and Sanitation Division Office (WSSDO). The WSSDO will try to solve the grievance at the project level. If the grievance cannot be solved at the project level, WSSDO will forward it to Director General (DG)’s Office at Kathmandu.
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CHAPTER X REPORT
The IEE report shall be prepared as per this ToR. The IEE report, whenever applicable, shall contain maps, graphs, photographs, tables and matrix. The format of report will be in accordance with be in accordance with Schedule 5 of EPR. However, the IEE report should include the following:
1. Executive summary (in English and Nepali) 2. Table of contents 3. List of tables 4. List of figures/photographs 5. Appendices 6. List of Abbreviations 7. Acknowledgement 8. Introduction 9. Name and address of the institution preparing the report o Summary of the proposed and objective and relevancy 10. Description of project 11. Description of the environment 12. Anticipated environmental impacts and mitigation measures (construction and operation stage) 13. Analysis of alternatives with and without project situations 14. Matters to be monitored while implementing the project: o Information disclosure, consultation, and participation o Grievance and redress mechanism o Environmental management and monitoring plan 15. Other necessary matters: Review of policies, laws, rules, directives and guidelines 16. Findings and recommendations 17. References 18. Annexes
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CHAPTER XI RELEVANT INFORMATION
The project will collect primary and secondary data, evaluate them and describe the relevant environmental characteristics of the area along the proposed alignment and its corridor of influence, including the following information: • General socio-economic conditions, • Population and demography, • Land use pattern of the project area, • Planned development activities, • Community structure, • Government services, • Employment, • Distribution of income and source of livelihood, • Goods and services produced, • Water supply, • Public health, • Education, • Extension services, • Religious, cultural sites and heritage, • Tribal people, • Customs, • Aspirations and attitudes, • Expected water users and those benefiting from it, • Different needs and demands of VDCs, • Social infrastructures including industries and commercial establishments, • Occupational health and safety (OHS), • Resettlement and rehabilitation and • The present Quality of Life (QoL) etc.
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