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Dwarf Rotala PLANT PROFILE Dwarf Rotala Rotala rotundifolia This staple of the aquarist hobby is appreciated for both its leaves and flowers – but more so for the former. Its popularity with aquarists is mainly due to the ease of cultivation and its beautiful growth pattern. 1 1 http://www.aquascapingworld.com/images/rotala_rotundifolia2.jpg 1 PLANT PROFILE which lasts to this date, thus creating possible FACT SHEET mistakes, as the true Rotala indica was also Scientific name: introduced to the hobby several years ago. The Rotala rotundifolia differences in the inflorescence provide the key Common name: to proper identification. Dwarf Rotala Family: Lythraceae Description Native distribution: Indo-China, Vietnam, Burma (Myanmar) Rotala rotundifolia is a creeping aquatic Height: perennial species with soft stems that often 20 – 80 cm branch to form low, creeping clumps. R Width: 2 – 4 cm rotundifolia has both submersed (underwater) Growth rate: and emergent (out-of-water) forms, which Fast differ in a number of ways. While both forms pH: have small leaves – less than 2.5cm long, 6.8 – 7.2 Hardness: arranged in groups of two or three around 0 – 21°dKH / 2 – 30°dGH plants’ pink stems – the emergent form has Temperature: fleshy, bright-green and rounded leaves, while 18°C – 30°C in the aquarium they grow to a longer, Lighting needs: Medium to high narrower form which has darker green or Aquarium placement: reddish leaves that are thin and lanceolate Middle to background (sword-shaped). Rotala rotundifolia (also known in aquarist circles as Dwarf Rotala, Pink Baby Tears, Round Leaf Toothcup and Pink Rotala), has been a popular aquarium plant for decades. It is a staple of the hobby, being appreciated for both its leaves and flowers – but more so for the former. Its popularity with aquarists is mainly due to the ease of cultivation and its beautiful growth pattern. It is readily available from retailers and fellow hobbyists, with most aquatic gardeners having grown it at some point. Compared with other Rotala species, R. rotundifolia is a relatively Figure 1: Rotala rotundifolia in its natural habitat.2 undemanding plant. As an aquarium plant, R. rotundifolia was first introduced to aquarists under the erroneous 2 http://plantsrescue.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Rotala- name of Rotala indica around 1960, a confusion rotundifolia-4.jpg 2 PLANT PROFILE The growth habit between the forms differs as well. One would observe low-growing populations of emergent R. rotundifolia R. rotundifolia is a variable species and is widely creeping along shorelines and banks, with the distributed throughout the Asian subtropics and tropics. In the wild, this species is often found in plant height rarely exceeding 15cm. a semi-emmersed state in swamps, on The submersed plants form tight, mounded riversides and in rice fields from the lowlands to colonies in water as deep as 1.8m! They a height of 2700m above sea level. eventually grow to the surface of the water, The current distribution of this Rotala has forming dense mats that block out light to expanded beyond its native range and can now plants lower down and impede water flow. be found in the Southern United States. R. rotundifolia produces spikes of small, bright Anecdotal evidence has rice seeds imported pinkish-red flowers, but the plants only flower into the Southern US being contaminated with on plant tips that are aerial or emergent. The Rotala seeds, hence the proliferation of this flowers occur in spikes at the tip of stems with species in the US. the plants flowering prolifically during spring R. rotundifolia will also grow in ponds in and early summer. warmer areas and will even do well when R. rotundifolia can easily spread by floating grown emmersed as it often naturally appears stem fragments, which produce roots from in swamps and marshes lower nodes. The plant also produces viable seeds with the fruit being dry capsules that split Use in Aquascaping open to disperse seeds. Rotala rotundifolia is a relatively undemanding 3 Distribution and habitat aquarium plant and its growth can be rapid. As such R. rotundifolia is considered to be an ideal aquarium plants for beginners. However R. rotundifolia is regarded as a fragile plant and should be excluded from environments with very active or large fish that may damage their fragile stems. This species is considered a typical example of a rapidly growing stem plant and responds favorably to frequent and even heavy pruning. Without pruning, the plant will take on a bushy appearance which could be suitable for fry or breeding tanks. R. rotundifolia can be used as regulator in a newly cycled tank. Pruning must Figure 2: The native distribution of R. rotundifolia be done on a frequent basis as the side shots 3 https://www.aquasabi.com/aquatic-plants/background/rotala- will grow considerably under good condition, rotundifolia 3 PLANT PROFILE keeping the leaves at the base of the plant away Maintenance from the light. While growing red plants in an aquarium is When allowed to grow to the surface, the plant generally reserved for more experienced will often grow back downward in a visually aquarists, Rotala rotundifolia is a relatively easy attractive cascade. Although they are difficult to red plant to grow. The physical form and grow beyond the water surface; established coloration of R. rotundifolia is highly variable plants will flower small, purple flowers above depending on its surroundings. While it will the water line. grow in medium light, this plant really needs high light to show its true colors. The standard variants available in the trade are light green to reddish under water, depending on the light intensity. To get the best from this plant, slightly higher lighting levels are ideal. With stronger lighting, the red will come out and leaves will become larger and rounder. It will grow with medium lighting levels, but may not do as well (producing a somewhat lanky, yellow-green plant) and will usually revert back to a green color and narrow leaves. Figure 3: R. rotundifolia offers a subtle contrast to the Under intense light with good micronutrient green plants in an aquarium.4 levels it will acquire a nice pink coloration which R. rotundifolia’s popularity has increased over makes a nice contrast with other green aquatic time because of its ease of cultivation and plants. When it is well lit, the plant will grow at beautiful growth pattern. Because of its rapid an angle over the substrate instead of straight growth and size, this plant is usually placed in up. middle or background positions in a tank, but it is also wonderful when is used as an accent To encourage its red coloration, R. rotundifolia plant, forming a good clump under reasonable should be kept well lit (2.5 watts per gallon or conditions. It looks best when planted in large more provided by full spectrum (5000-7000K) groups. Once it is flourishing, it propagates bulbs) with no shading. Lean nitrate levels (< 5 easily through new shoots or cuttings. Both ppm), high phosphate levels (> 1.5-2 ppm), and Dutch and Nature-style aquascapes often heavy iron/micronutrients dosing will help feature this versatile plant. produce intense colors out of this plant. By varying these conditions, one is able to bring As pond plant, R. rotundifolia can be used for its out various shades from pink to yellow. beautiful flower heads in shallow water or grown as aquatic plant up to 30cm deep. R. rotundifolia benefits from the addition of a CO2 system which will bring out the best 4 coloration from the plant. http://www.tfhmagazine.com/assets/015/28126_400wh.jpg 4 PLANT PROFILE R. rotundifolia is a plant that grows very quickly to use tweezers to plant R. rotundifolia. It can and you should be prepared to perform regular be planted individually or in groups of 2-3. trimming if you want to grow it. Neglecting to trim frequently enough can lead to the bottom leaves becoming deprived of light and dying off. You shouldn’t be afraid to remove large portions of this plant as it will grow back in no time. Regular pruning allows you to create a very bushy plant as each time you prune the Rotala, each parent stem will produce 2-3 new shoots. Figure 4: Prune R. rotundifolia frequently to achieve a nice bushy appearance.5 It is very common for the lower sections of the plant to become overshadowed by the bushy The parent stem will quickly develop new sections of the plant above. Regular pruning is shoots and the newly planted cutting will therefore a good idea. You should be careful to quickly develop a root system. Over time, this not let the plant become too tall. Trim bi- topping process will develop lush, bushy plants. weekly to keep the plant at the correct height Rotala rotundifolia is beautiful in clumps. and to ensure the lower sections of the plant However it needs to have to have enough space stay strong and receive enough light. between stems when planting. Eventually the lower portions will degrade, and uprooting and Adaptable, decorative and fast growing, R. replanting the stem tops will restore the rotundifolia will tolerate large fluctuations of planting’s aesthetic appeal. both pH and General Hardness (GH). Ideally, the pH should be between 5.5 and 7.5, with dH Sometimes you may notice new roots appearing below 15. R. rotundifolia is suitable for tropical from the sides of stems. This is very normal and aquariums with water temperature below 30°C, means the plant is growing. but not lower than 21°C. Pruning can also be done by discarding the rooted portions and planting the top portions Propagation into the substrate.
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