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General Technical Information Vishay Roederstein Film Capacitors General Technical Information www.vishay.com Vishay Roederstein Film Capacitors FILM CAPACITORS RFI suppression capacitors are the most effective way to Plastic film capacitors are generally subdivided into film/foil reduce RF energy interference. As its impedance decrease capacitors and metalized film capacitors. with frequency, it acts as a short-circuit for high-frequencies between the mains terminals and/or between the mains FILM / FOIL CAPACITORS terminals and the ground. Film / foil capacitors basically consist of two metal foil Capacitors for applications between the mains terminals are electrodes that are separated by an insulating plastic film called X Class capacitors. Capacitors for applications also called dielectric. The terminals are connected to the between the terminals and the ground are called Y Class end-faces of the electrodes by means of welding or capacitors. soldering. X-Capacitors Main features: For the suppression of symmetrical interference voltage. High insulation resistance, excellent current carrying and Capacitors with unlimited capacitance for use where their pulse handling capability and a good capacitance stability. failure will not lead to the danger of electrical shock on human beings and animals. The capacitor must present a METALIZED FILM CAPACITORS safe end of life behavior. The electrodes of metalized film capacitors consist of an Y-Capacitors extremely thin metal layer (0.02 μm to 0.1 μm) that is vacuum Capacitors for suppression of asymmetrical interference deposited either onto the dielectric film or onto a carrier film. voltage, and are located between a live wire and a metal The opposing and extended metalized film layers of the case which may be touched. High electrical and mechanical wound capacitor element are connected to one another by reliability to prevent short-circuits in the capacitors. The flame spraying different metals to the end-faces. The metal capacitance value is limited, in order to reduce the AC spraying process is also known as schooping. The terminals current flowing through the capacitor. By following these are connected to the end-faces by means of welding or technical requirements, it is intended that its failure will not soldering. For the production of metalized film capacitors lead to the risk of electrical shock, making the device with Y Vishay film capacitors uses the conventionally wound film. capacitor (in conjunction with other protective measures) Main features: safe to human beings and animals. High volume efficiency, self-healing properties For detailed information, we refer to www.vishay.com/doc?28153. SPECIAL DESIGN CAPACITORS SELF-HEALING For high current applications Vishay film capacitors is also able to offer special designs such as capacitors with a heavy Self-healing, also known as clearing, is the removal of a edge metalization or a double sided metalization as well as defect caused by pinholes, film flaws or external voltage combinations that have a film/foil and a metalized film transients. The heat generated by the arcing during a design in one unit. For high voltage applications it is breakdown, evaporates the extremely thin metalization of furthermore possible to offer designs with dual and multiple the film around the point of failure, thereby removing and sections. Depending on the design these capacitors provide isolating the short circuit conditions. On Segmented Film low losses, high current and pulse carrying capabilities, high Technology Capacitors, the self healing effect is more voltages, small dimensions and good self-healing controlled. The film metalization is made by forming a properties. pattern of segments, which are connected to each other by micro fuses. This limits the healing current and limits the RFI SUPPRESSION CAPACITORS self-healing effect to a well defined section of the film. There are two main sources of Radio Frequency The self-healing process requires only μW of power and a Interference (RFI). Devices that due to their construction defect is normally isolated in less than 10 μs. Extensive and produce RF energy, such as oscillators, radio and TV continuous self-healing (e.g. at misapplications) will receivers; and devices that produce a wide spectrum of gradually decrease the capacitance value. frequency, due to rapid variations in electrical current intensity, such as switch mode power supplies. Interference from source to receiver is spread in three ways: • Along wiring • By coupling • By radiation Revision: 17-May-17 1 Document Number: 26033 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 General Technical Information www.vishay.com Vishay Roederstein DIELECTRIC MATERIALS stability. The temperature coefficient of the material is The electrical characteristics of plastic film capacitors are to negative. Polypropylene capacitors are typically used in AC a great extent dictated by the properties of their dielectric and pulse applications at high frequencies and in DC-Link materials. Vishay film capacitors uses the following film capacitors. They are further used in switched mode power materials in their production: supplies, electronic ballasts and snubber applications, in frequency discrimination and filter circuits as well as in POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTALATE FILM OR energy storage, and sample and hold applications. POLYESTER FILM (PET) Polyester film offers a high dielectric constant, and a high DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES dielectric strength. It has further excellent self-healing (TYPICAL VALUES) properties and good temperature stability. The temperature PARAMETER PET PP coefficient of the material is positive. Polyester capacitors are regarded as “general purpose capacitors”. They provide Relative dielectric constant 3.2 2.2 the best volume efficiency of all film capacitors at moderate DF at 1 kHz (tan δ in %) 0.5 0.02 cost and are preferably used for DC applications such as Ω decoupling, blocking, bypassing and noise suppressions. IR (M x μF) 25 000 100 000 POLYPROPYLENE FILM (PP) Dielectric absorption (%) 0.2 0.05 Polypropylene film has superior electrical characteristics. Capacitance drift - ΔC/C (%) 1.5 0.5 The film features very low dielectric losses, a high insulation Moisture absorption (%) 0.4 0.01 resistance, a low dielectric absorption, and a very high Maximum temperature (°C) 125 100 dielectric strength. The film provides furthermore an excellent moisture resistance and a very good long-term TC (ppm/°C) + 400, ± 200 - 200, ± 100 CAPACITANCE Capacitance change at 1 kHz as function of temperature Capacitance change as a function of frequency (typical curve) at room temperature (typical curve) DISSIPATION FACTOR Dissipation factor as function of temperature Dissipation factor as a function of frequency (typical curve) at room temperature (typical curve) Revision: 17-May-17 2 Document Number: 26033 For technical questions, contact: [email protected] THIS DOCUMENT IS SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. THE PRODUCTS DESCRIBED HEREIN AND THIS DOCUMENT ARE SUBJECT TO SPECIFIC DISCLAIMERS, SET FORTH AT www.vishay.com/doc?91000 General Technical Information www.vishay.com Vishay Roederstein INSULATION RESISTANCE Notes • Dielectrics according to IEC 60062: KT = Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) KP = Polypropylene (PP) KI = Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) KN = Polyethylene naphtalate (PEN) • Polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) and polyethylene naphtalate (PEN) films are generally used in general purpose capacitors for applications typically with small bias DC voltages and/or small AC voltages at low frequencies. • Polyethylene terephthalate (PETP) has as its most important property, high capacitance per volume due to its high dielectric constant and availability in thin gauges. • Polyethylene naphtalate (PEN) is used when a higher temperature resistance is required compared to PET. • Polyphenylene sulfide (KI) film can be used in applications where high temperature is needed eventually in combination with low dissipation factor. • Polypropylene (KP) films are used in high frequency or high voltage applications due to their very low dissipation factor and Insulation resistance as a function of temperature high dielectric strength. These films are used in AC and pulse (typical curve) capacitors and interference suppression capacitors for mains applications. • Typical properties as functions of temperature or frequency are illustrated in the following chapters: “Capacitance”, “Dissipation factor”, and “Insulation resistance”. DEFINITIONS P x 1000 P x 1000 The following definitions apply to both film/foil capacitors ΔT ==------------------------ ------------------------ and metalized film capacitors. A x α G ΔT - Temperature rise (°C) RATED VOLTAGE (UR) A - Surface area of the capacitor (cm2) The rated voltage is the voltage for which the capacitor is α - Heat transfer coeff. [mW/(°C x cm2)] designed. It is defined as the maximum DC (UR) or AC (URAC) (α = 0.96 for plastic boxes with a smooth surface) voltage or the pulse voltage that may continuously be G - Component heat conductivity (displayed in datasheet) applied to the terminals of a capacitor up to an operating temperature of + 85 °C. The rated voltage is dependent Heat coefficient for the capacitor is presented in datasheet upon the property of the dielectric material, the film for ΔT calculation. thickness and the operating temperature. Above + 85 °C, but without exceeding the maximum
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