König Von Irland« Fiktion Und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher Und Oberherrschaft in Irland

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König Von Irland« Fiktion Und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher Und Oberherrschaft in Irland Bonner Beiträge zur Keltologie, Band 2 Rí Érenn — »König von Irland« Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland Rí Érenn — »König von Irland« Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland (Teil II: Texte und Übersetzungen, Register) Gisbert Hemprich curach bhán publications 2015 Berlin Bibliographische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutschen Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliographie; detaillierte bibliographische Daten sind im Internet unter http://dnb.ddb.de abrufbar. Gisbert Hemprich: Rí Érenn — »König von Irland«: Fiktion und Wirklichkeit Teil I: Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland Teil II: Texte und Übersetzungen, Register (In zwei Teilbänden.) Bonner Beiträge zur Keltologie; 2 Schriftenreihe des Instituts für Anglistik, Amerikanistik und Keltologie, Abteilung Keltologie, der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, herausgegeben von Gisbert Hemprich. ISBN: 978-3-942002-19-6 ISSN: 1869-053X Zugleich Dissertation Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena 2006. Copyright 2015 Gisbert Hemprich und curach bhán publications – daniel büchner Verlag für Kunst & Kulturwissenschaften Malplaquetstr. 25 — D-13347 Berlin — Germany http://www.curach-bhan.com Alle Rechte, auch die der Übersetzung, des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der Herstellung von Microfilmen, der digitalen und fotomechanischen Wiedergabe, vorbehalten. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any electronic, mechanical or other means, including photocopying and recording, or otherwise without prior written consent of the publishers. Gedruckt auf säurefreiem und alterungsbeständigem Papier gemäß ISO9706. Satz: curach bhán publications Druck: SDL Digitaler Buchdruck, Berlin Printed in Germany 2015 Vorwort Eine Untersuchung zu den „Königen von Irland“ (ríg Érenn) — das klingt nach einem griffigen, längst abgehandelten Thema. Doch dürfen die ríg Érenn nicht mit den „normalen“ irischen Königen verwechselt werden: Es sind irische O b e r h e r r s c h e r, zu denen bislang noch nicht einmal alle Quellen in Edition und Übersetzung zur Verfügung stehen. Keine der bisherigen Untersuchungen hat neben Réim rígraide, der Sukzession der Oberherrscher, die verschiedenen weiteren Quellen systematisch miteinbezogen, sich detailliert mit den einzelnen ríg Érenn beschäftigt, das Problem der nicht-kanonischen Oberherrscher behandelt, Fiktion gegen historische Wirklichkeit abgewo- gen und die Bedeutung der Oberherrscher für die irische Überlieferung zu bestimmen versucht. Diese Lücken werden mit der vorliegenden Studie geschlossen. Zunächst geht es um den rí Érenn, den „König von Irland“ als Institution und als Titel, dann um das Nameninventar der Königsfolge in seiner Gesamtheit, und danach wird jeder einzelne der vielen Oberherrscher besprochen sowie die mit ihm verbundene historiographisch-narrative Literatur vorgestellt. Die Annäherung an die irischen Oberherrscher geschieht gewöhnlich über das irische Landnah- mebuch Lebar gabála, d. h. über den mittelalterlichen, gelehrten Ursprungsmythos, und über Réim rígraide, die kanonische Sukzession. Jedoch gibt es noch viele weitere Texte der verschiedensten Textgattungen, in denen ríg Érenn thematisiert werden. Auch diese müssen in die Gesamtbetrach- tung miteinbezogen werden, sollen sich neue Einsichten eröffnen. Ein problematischer Aspekt ist hierbei die umstrittene Historizität der frühen irischen Geschichtsschreibung. Wer die irischen Oberherrscher in erster Linie als historische Persönlichkeiten begreift, wird von der vorliegenden Studie eines Besseren belehrt werden: Die Überlieferung weist den irischen Oberherrschern eine Kontinuität von der mythologischen Vorgeschichte bis ins 12. Jh. zu. Niemand vermag mit Sicher- heit zu sagen, wo genau die Grenze zwischen fiktiven, mythischen und historischen Gestalten zu ziehen ist und ob sie überhaupt gezogen werden kann. Was und wer ein Oberherrscher sei, und ob es im Laufe der irischen Geschichte irgendwann einmal reelle ríg Érenn gegeben habe, und wenn ja ab wann, darüber herrscht in der Forschung Uneinigkeit. Spätestens jedoch, wenn Inschriften, Gravuren oder Urkunden über ríg Érenn Zeugnis ablegen, muß man sich diesen Fragen stellen. Die Geschichtswissenschaft zieht in der Regel nur die Oberherrscher der christlichen Epoche näher in Betracht, und legt dabei die kanonische Sukzession zugrunde. Die Zahl dieser Könige ist aber vergleichsweise gering: 48 Könige, das sind lediglich 17 % von den 281 in der vorliegenden Studie berücksichtigten potentiellen Oberherrschern. Wo es um die Bedeutung der irischen Oberherrscher für die narrative Literatur geht, treten Fragen nach der Historizität in den Hintergrund, und die ríg Érenn erweisen sich als ein ergiebiges Untersuchungsgebiet für Philologen. Eine wichtige Erkenntnis der vorliegenden Untersuchung ist, daß die Beschäftigung mit den ríg Érenn einen zentralen Schlüssel zur Literatur des irischen Mittelalters darstellt. Wer die Wirkmächtigkeit der Idee der irischen Oberherrschschaft verkennt, wird auch die mittelalterliche Überlieferung nicht angemessen würdigen können. Allen bis heute vorliegenden Standardwerken zur mittelalterlichen irischen Literatur haftet als gravierender Man- gel an, dies nicht angemessen reflektiert und daher auch nicht methodologisch berücksichtigt zu haben. Die vorliegende Untersuchung besteht aus zwei Teilen. Der erste Teil enthält eine Übersicht über die wichtigsten Quellen und ihre Analyse von der altirischen bis in die neuirische Periode. Im „Dossier“ aller kanonischen und nicht-kanonischen Oberherrscher werden die Ergebnisse zu- sammengeführt. Dort werden auch alle relevanten Erzählungen und Gedichte besprochen sowie — in knappester Form — über deren Verfügbarkeit Auskunft erteilt. viii Vorwort Der zweite Teil der Untersuchung ergänzt den ersten durch eine Reihe von Texteditionen. Auf diese Weise wird seit langem wieder eine umfangreiche Studie vorgelegt, welche die mittelalterli- che Textüberlieferung in ihrer Gesamtheit zu überblicken versucht. Frau Prof. Rosemarie Lühr sei herzlich dafür gedankt, mir als Keltologen nach Abschaffung der Keltologie in Freiburg im Breisgau die Fortsetzung meiner Forschungen am Lehrstuhl für Indogermanistik in Jena ermöglicht und dieses Thema 2005 als Dissertation angenommen zu ha- ben. 120 Jahre zuvor war in Jena der große Keltologe Rudolf Thurneysen bei der Gründung des Romanisch-Englischen Seminars zum ersten außerordentlichen Professor berufen worden. Zwar spielte die Keltologie nach Thurneysen in Jena keine große Bedeutung, aber die Universität Jena im allgemeinen und der Lehrstuhl für Indogermanistik im speziellen bieten bis heute Geisteswis- senschaftlern ein förderliches Klima, von dem ich profitieren konnte und für das ich dankbar bin. Mein Dank geht auch an Prof. Stefan Zimmer (Universität Bonn) und Prof. Erich Poppe (Uni- versität Marburg) für ihre Bereitschaft, sich als Gutachter zur Verfügung zu stellen. Zudem danke ich Feargal Ó Béarra (Camus Íochtair, Casla), Dagmar Bronner (Marburg), David Krätzer (Bonn), Jürgen Schmidt (Mellendorf/Wedemark) und insbesondere Irene Balles (Bonn). Sie haben die Ent- stehung der Untersuchung als Diskussionspartner begleitet, mit Korrekturen geholfen, mich auf Literatur aufmerksam gemacht und mir Bücher aus ihrem Privatbesitz zur Verfügung gestellt. Die Konzeption, Thesen und Analysen beruhen auf eigenen Überlegungen; für alle Fehler und Unzulänglichkeiten bin ich allein verantwortlich. Jena, April 2006 Die vorliegende Druckfassung entspricht im Wesentlichen der als Dissertation eingereichten Ver- sion von 2005, ergänzt um die wichtigste in der Zwischenzeit erschienene Literatur. Teile des Fließtextes aus dem Quellenteil (Kap. 4.1) wurden in Tabellenform gebracht, oder wurden durch tabellarische Übersichten ergänzt, und auch andere Textteile wurden leserfreundlicher gestaltet. Kapitel 8 wurde erweitert um eine Cóir anmann-Konkordanz und eine Inhaltsübersicht zur Hand- schrift Lebar na Nuachongbála (LL). Ein umfangreiches Gesamtregister zu den Quellen, zum iri- schen Ursprungsmythos, zu den Namen und Herrscherlisten sowie zu den Narrativa soll dem Leser helfen, die Fülle an Informationen leichter zu erschließen. Das Buch wurde mit freier Software erstellt. Geschrieben wurde es mit LATEX 2" und unter Linux (Debian) prozessiert. Thomas Riewe (Freiburg) machte mich Mitte der 1990er Jahre in nächtlichen Stunden mit den Möglichkeiten von LATEX 2" vertraut. Dies, sowie die Fachkompetenz von Daniel Büchner vom Verlag curach bhán publications, erleichterte die Umsetzung zum gedruckten Buch — herzlichen Dank an die beiden! Míle buío¥as le haos léinn na hÉireann faoin gcomaoin a ¥uir siad orm ariaµ anall. Is iad faoi ndear gur scoláire atá ionam féin inniu. Gisbert Hemprich Königswinter, September 2011 ix Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort vii Verzeichnis der Abkürzungen und Symbole xvii I. Oberherrscher und Oberherrschaft in Irland 1 1. Einleitung 3 1.1. Der „König von Irland“ (rí Érenn) und das irische Oberkönigtum . 3 1.1.1. Umfang des Nameninventars und fiktiver Zeitrahmen . .4 1.1.2. Kanonische, umstrittene und nicht-kanonische Oberherrscher . 4 1.1.3. Irische Oberherrscher „mit Opposition“: ríg co fresabra ................ 5 1.1.4. Ríg Érenn in gemeinsamer Herrschaft (com-flaith, com-flaithius, com-ríge) . 6 1.1.5. Nachfolgeregelung und Eignungskriterien . 6 1.1.6. Entstehung der Idee vom irischen Oberkönigtum . 7 1.1.7. Der kulturelle Kontext der Quellen . 8 1.2. Vorbemerkungen
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