Vikings in Ireland and Scotland in the Ninth Century Donnchadh Ó Corráin ABSTRACT. This study attempts to provide a new framework for ninth-century Irish and Scottish history. Viking Scotland, known as Lothlend, Laithlinn, Lochlainn and comprising the Northern and Western Isles and parts of the mainland, especially Caithness, Sutherland and Inverness, was settled by Norwegian Vikings in the early ninth century. By the mid-century it was ruled by an effective royal dynasty that was not connected to Norwegian Vestfold. In the second half of the century it made Dublin its headquarters, engaged in warfare with Irish kings, controlled most Viking activity in Ireland, and imposed its overlordship and its tribute on Pictland and Strath- clyde. When expelled from Dublin in 902 it returned to Scotland and from there it conquered York and re-founded the kingdom of Dublin in 917. KEYWORDS: Vikings, Vikings wars, Vestfold dynasty, Lothlend, Laithlind, Laithlinn, Lochlainn, Scotland, Pictland, Strathclyde, Dublin, York, Cath Maige Tuired, Cath Ruis na Ríg for Bóinn, Irish annals, Scottish Chronicle, battle of Clontarf, Ímar, Amlaíb, Magnus Barelegs. Donnchadh Ó Corráin, Department of History, National University of Ireland, Cork
[email protected] Peritia 12 (1998) 296–339 ISBN 2-503-50624-0 In this lecture,1 I propose to reconsider the Viking attack on Scotland and Ireland and I will argue that the most plausible and economical interpretation of the histor- ical record is as follows. A substantial part of Scotland—the Northern and West- ern Isles and large areas of the coastal mainland from Caithness and Sutherland to Argyle—was conquered by the Vikings2 in the first quarter of the ninth century and a Viking kingdom was set up there earlier than the middle of the century.