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Hunting for the Genetic Legacy of Brian Boru in Irish Historical Sources

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Hunting for the Genetic Legacy of Brian Boru in Irish Historical Sources Hunting for the genetic legacy of Brian Boru in Irish historical sources. Catherine Swift, Mary Immaculate College Having won an English chariot from an Italian gentleman at play, my uncle had our arms painted on the panels in a more splendid way than ever (surmounted, as we were descended from the ancient kings) with an Irish crown of the most splendid size and gilding. I had this crown in lieu of a coronet engraved on a large amethyst signet-ring worn on my forefinger; and I don’t mind confessing that I used to say the jewel had been in my family for several thousand years, having originally belonged to my direct ancestor, his late Majesty, King Brian Boru or Barry. I warrant the legends of the Heralds’ College are not more authentic than mine was.1 In his travels in Ireland in 1842, Thackeray followed the course of the Shannon up river from Tarbert to Limerick and then travelled through Clare to Galway, visiting “a decent little library” in Ennis where he bought “six volumes of works strictly Irish”. As he describes them subsequently, “these yellow-covered books are prepared for the people chiefly” and included tales of a highwayman entitled Adventures of Mr James Freeny, legends in Hibernian Tales2 and “the lamentable tragedy of the ‘Battle of Aughrim’ writ in the most doleful Anglo-Irish verse.” He does not refer explicitly in his Irish Sketchbook to Brian Boru but it seems fair to assume that his description of Barry Lyndon’s ancestry was based, at least in part, on stories he had heard when travelling through Thomond or, perhaps, even elsewhere in Ireland. Certainly his views on Irish pretensions to nobility, as expressed in the Sketchbook, can be scathing: “There is no aristocracy in Dublin. Its magnates are tradesmen – Sir Fiat Haustus, Sir Blacker Dosy, Mr Sergeant Bluebag or Mr Counsellor O’Fee. Brass plates are their titles of honour and they live by their boluses or their briefs. What call have these worthy people to be dangling and grinning at Lord-Lieutenants’ levees and playing sham aristocracy before a sham sovereign? Oh, that old humbug of a Castle! It is the greatest sham of all the shams in Ireland.” 3 Despite the slightly tiresome tone of derision which marks the Sketchbook throughout, there is no reason to believe that Thackeray was misrepresenting the realities of much Irish genealogical aspiration in his own day. Barry Lyndon’s claims to royal descent can be paralleled in real accounts of seventeenth and eighteenth century Irish seeking to establish themselves on the Continent4 and as early as 1561, Thomas Smyth, as an apothecary in Dublin, was pointing out that professional Irish pedigree writers were hawking their wares amongst a very wide section of Irish society: “Their is in Irland four shepts in maner all Rimers.... The seconde sorte is the Shankee (seanchaidh), which is to saye in English, the petigrer. They have also great plaintye of cattell, wherewithall they 1 William M. Thackeray, The luck of Barry Lyndon:a romance of the last century (New York, 1853), p.214. 2 This volume was subsequently identified by Séamus Ó Duilearga as a chap-book from before 1825 and was reprinted in Béaloideas, 10 (1940), 148-203. 3 William Thackeray, The Irish sketchbook, 1842, by Mr M.A. Titmouse, (London 1857), p.362. 4 John Barry, The study of Family History in Ireland (O’Donnell Lectures Cork 1967), pp.13-18. 1 do sucker the rebells. They make the ignoraunt men of the country to belyve that they be discended of Alexander the Great or of Darius or of Caesar, or of some other notable prince, which makes the ignorant people to run madde and cerieth not what they do; the which is very hurtfull to the realme.”5 In a colonial world marked by frequent reversal of personal fortunes, it was often hard to distinguish between new arrivistes, seeking to better themselves and old families, fallen on hard times. John O’Donovan gives a vivid description of one of the latter: I had the very good luck to meet O'Flyn [sic] (Edmond son of Kellach) himself, who walked with me to the source of the Suck from the Esker over which he shewed me his ancient principality of which he now holds but a few townlands in fee-tail. He knows the names of every bush in the parish of Kiltullagh, the names of which he pronounced for me sitting on Eiscir Ui Mhaonagain over Bun-Suicin in the townland of Cul fearna, the parish of Annagh and county of Mayo, from which we had an extensive view of O'F1yn's country of Loch Ui Fhloinn, Sliabh Ui Fhloinn and of the parish of Kiltullagh. As soon as O'Flyn learned that I was one of the oulde stock, he commenced to give me a most curious account of his own family and of himself; the poor fellow is very much embarrassed and when I met him, was hiding from the sheriff who will arrest him for debt as soon as he can.6 In such a context, the popularity of an extensive collection of Munster genealogies, now entitled Leabhar Muimneach, in eighteenth-century Cork is worthy of note. Its modern editor, Tadhg Ó Donnchadha has identified thirteen manuscripts, most of which are excerpts with only two being complete. In one, MS 23 E 26, the scribe Richard Tiber states that the collection was put together by Domnall Uí Dhuinnín and Tadhg mac Dáire mac Bruaideadha. These were both members of traditional bardic families working for the Meic Carthaigh and the Uí Bhriain respectively and the individuals concerned can both be dated to the late sixteenth or early seventeenth centuries.7 Because the Leabhar Muimneach genealogies are written in the Irish language, there has, perhaps, been a tendency to assume that they have an ancient ancestral validity which belies their seventeenth-century authorship. However comparison of the Leabhar Muimneach statements on the Dál Cais with twelfth-century counterparts such as the genealogies published in Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae by M.A. O’Brien, makes it clear that, in some important respects, the nature of the records are very different. If one looks at the epical figure of Cas and his twelve sons, for example, the earlier records refer to descendants who are individuals or to kindred groups (often described by the Irish word Uí) who only rarely survive into the modern era. In Leabhar Muimneach, by contrast, Cas’s sons have descendants who are described by the word muinter and are clearly linked to modern surnames. Thus Leabhar Muimneach has the O’Deas descending from Aonghus Cennnathrach (Oengus Snake Head) son of Cas, the Heffernans and the Naughtons from Aonghus Cennaitinn (Oengus Furze-head), the Hayes from Aodh and the Coughlans from Dealbhaoth.8 These statements are made in summary form, only occasionally backed up by lengthy father to son lines of descent. Similarly, descendants from Cas’s eldest son Blód (ancestor of Brian Boru’s line) and yet another brother Caisín can also be described in terms of modern surnames: 5 H.F. Hore, ‘Irish bardism in 1561’, UJA, 6 (1858), 165-67, p.166 6 Castlereagh, 5th July 1837 in M.O'Flanagan (ed.) Letters containing information relative to the Antiquities of the County of Roscommon collected during the progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1837, (2 vols Bray, 1927), quoted in C. Swift, ‘John O’Donovan and the framing of early medieval Ireland in the nineteenth century’, Bullán 1 (1994), 91-103. 7LM, pp. xi-xv; Luke McInerney, “Lettermoylan of Clann Bhruaideadha” NMAJ 52 (2012), pp 93-9 8 LM, p. 237 2 Dearbhráthair don Bhlod so, Caisín, Ó dtangadar Síol Aodha .i. Clann Mhic Con Mara; agus is uatha sin tángadar Síol gClannchadha. Mac don Bhlod so fós, Bréanainn Bán ó dtáinig Muinnter Urthuile, Muinnter MhaolDomhnaigh, Muinnter Ghráda; agus Clann Chaisin. “True brothers of that Blód are Caisín from whom come the Síl Aedha that is the Clann Mhic Con Mara (MACNAMARAS) and it is from those noble men come the Síl gClannchadha (CLANCYS). A son of that same Blód is Breanainn Bán from whom come the Muinnter Urthaile (HURLEYS), the Muinnter MhaolDomnaigh (MULDOWNEYS), the Muinnter Ghráda (O’GRADYS) and the Clann Chaisín (CASHINS/KISSANES).” 9 Other families are said to be descended from the grandsons and great grandsons of Blód, Cas’s eldest son and ancestor of Brian Boru’s own lineage: Mic Aodha Caoimh, mic Conaill mic Eochach Bailldeirg; Dearbhráthair d’Eochaidh Bhailldeirg, Fearghal, ó dtangadar Muinnter Íceadha. Dearbhráthair eile d’Eochaidh Bhailldearg so, Aonghus, ó bhfuilid na sloinnte so síos: Muinnter Loingsigh, Muinnter Uaithnidhe, Muinnter Bhreachtgha, Muinnter Bhréanuinn; Muinnter Sheasnáín, Muinnter Riada; Muinnter Shamhradh; agus Muinnter Chorcmacáin. “Sons of Aed Caoimh son of Conall son of Eochaidh Balldearg – a true brother of Eochaidh Balldearg is Fearghal from whom come the Muinnter Íceadha (HICKEYS). Another true brother of that Eochaidh Balldearg is Aonghus from whom are the following divisions – Muinnter Loingsigh (LYNCH) Muinnter Uaithnidhe (GREENE) Muinnter Bhreachtgha (?BRACKEN) Muinnter Bhréanuinn (BRENNAN), Muinnter Sheasnáin (SEXTON), Muinnter Riada (REIDY), Muinnter Shamradh (SOMERS) and Muinnter Chormacán (CORMICAN).10 (To put these claims in context, Eochaidh Balldearg was contemporaneous with St Patrick in medieval Irish tradition and so the authors are suggesting that these families originated in the fifth to seventh centuries, long before Irish surnames actually developed.)11 Quite apart from prestigious families such as the MacNamaras (to whom there are frequent reference in the Irish annals as well as in other texts), many of these surnames can be traced in Thomond, using sources in both English and Irish (and occasionally Latin) from the later medieval period.
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