Gearaltaigh Dheasmhumhan Mar Phátrúin Agus Mar Údair I Réimse Léann Agus Litríocht Na Gaeilge

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Gearaltaigh Dheasmhumhan Mar Phátrúin Agus Mar Údair I Réimse Léann Agus Litríocht Na Gaeilge Provided by the author(s) and NUI Galway in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite the published version when available. Title Gearaltaigh Dheasmhumhan mar Phátrúin agus mar Údair i Réimse Léann agus Litríocht na Gaeilge Author(s) Ó Catháin, Dónal Publication Date 2016-09-16 Item record http://hdl.handle.net/10379/6499 Downloaded 2021-09-27T07:56:01Z Some rights reserved. For more information, please see the item record link above. Gearaltaigh Dheasmhumhan mar Phátrúin agus mar Údair i Réimse Léann agus Litríocht na Gaeilge Tráchtas PhD Roinn na Nua-Ghaeilge, Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh Gaillimh Stiúrthóirí: An Dr. Clodagh Downey An Dr. Nollaig Ó Muraíle Dónal Ó Catháin Meán Fómhair, 2016 Gearaltaigh Dheasmhumhan mar Phátrúin agus mar Údair i Réimse Léann agus Litríocht na Gaeilge Achoimre Sa tráchtas seo pléitear an phátrúnacht a dhein na Gearaltaigh, Iarlaí Dheasmhumhan, ar theaghlaigh léannta na hÉireann agus an caidreamh a bhí ag an teaghlach sin le léann agus cultúr na Gaeilge sna meánaoiseanna déanacha. Féachtar ach go háirithe ar na nascanna a bhí acu le teaghlaigh léannta na hÉireann, idir staraithe, scríobhaithe, filí agus taidhleoirí. Pléitear cás na nGearaltach agus iad suite idir an dá chultúr. Féachtar ar na cuntais staire is tábhachtaí a scríobhadh dosna Gearaltaigh agus fúthu. Scrúdaítear na lámhscríbhinní a bhí i seilbh na nGearaltach agus na nascanna a bhí acu le lámhscríbhinní móra na hÉireann. Deintear na saothair staire a foilsíodh go dtí seo a mheas i gcomhthéacs na bhfoinsí Gaelacha, amhail na hAnnála, filíocht na mbard agus ábhar eile a fuarthas sna lámhscríbhinní. Féachtar ach go háirithe ar lámhscríbhinní agus ar fhoinsí foilsithe a raibh dlúthbhaint ag na Gearaltaigh leo. Mar chuid de seo, tugtar an t-ábhar neamhfhoilsithe is tábhachtaí, a bhaineann leis na Gearaltaigh, sna hAguisíní. ii An Clár Achoimre ii Buíochas vi Noda viii Réamhrá 1 Na hIarlaí 8 Caibidil 1 ‘Seanchas Gearaltach’ 14 1.1 Réamhrá 14 1.2 Seanchas na nGearaltach 16 1.2.1 Na Leaganacha Éagsúla 16 1.2.2 Seanchas na nGearaltach (1) 17 1.2.3 Seanchas na nGearaltach (2) 24 1.2.4 Seanchas na nGearaltach (3) 29 1.2.5 Difríochtaí agus Comparáid 36 1.3 Na Dánta 39 1.3.1 Na Dánta mar Sheanchas 39 1.3.2 Cá méad gabhál fhuair Éire? 40 1.3.3 Canfaidher (Leanfaidher) liom lorg na bhfear 46 1.4 Na Cuntais Eile 52 1.4.1 Craobhsgaoileadh Sleachta na hIarlachta 52 1.4.2 Obitus na nGearaltach 54 1.4.3 Stair na nGearaltach i Láimh Uí Ghormáin 58 Caibidil 2 Lámhscríbhinní 60 2.1 Réamhrá 60 2.2 Lámhscríbhinní i Seilbh na nGearaltach 60 2.2.1 Lámhscríbhinní i Seilbh Ghearaltaigh na Mumhan 60 2.2.2 Leabharlanna Gearaltacha 65 2.3 Seanchas na nGearaltach - Na Lámhscríbhinní 70 2.3.1 Seanchas na nGearaltach (1) 70 2.3.2 Seanchas na nGearaltach (2) - Leaganacha agus Lámhscríbhinní 78 2.3.3 Seanchas na nGearaltach (3) agus an Traidisiún Cóipeála san 18ú hAois 78 2.4 Duanairí agus Lámhscríbhinní Tábhachtacha Eile 80 2.4.1 Na Duanairí 80 2.4.2 An Duanaire Núinseannach 81 2.4.3 Leabhar Uí Chonchobhair Dhoinn 86 2.4.4 BL Add. 31156 agus NUIM C 63 88 Caibidil 3 An Tréimhse Luath (1200-1400) 91 3.1 Réamhrá 91 3.2 An Cúlra Stairiúil 92 3.2.1 Tomás Mór (†1213) 92 3.2.2 Seán Challainne agus Muiris (†1261) 93 3.2.3 Tomás ‘an Ápa’ (†1298) 94 iii 3.2.4 Muiris mac Thomáis, Céad Iarla Dheasmhumhan (†1356) 97 3.2.5 Muiris Óg, Dara hIarla Dheasmhumhan (†1358) 101 3.3 Nascanna leis na Gaeil agus le Gaeilge sa Tréimhse Luath 103 3.3.1 Sadhbh, Bean Thomáis Mhóir 103 3.3.2 Seanaid i Litríocht na Gaeilge 104 3.3.3 Cath Challainne agus Idirghabháil leis na Cárthaigh 106 3.3.4 Callainn i Litríocht na Gaeilge 108 3.3.5 Mise a Aimi ar h’inchaibh féin 110 3.3.6 Leabhar Fhear Maighe, Aimi agus Gearóid Iarla 118 Caibidil 4 Gearóid Iarla, Clann Ghearóid agus Cúrsaí Teanga 127 4.1 Réamhrá 127 4.2 An Cúlra Stairiúil 127 4.2.1 Saol Ghearóid Iarla 127 4.2.2 Bean agus Clann Ghearóid Iarla 135 4.2.3 Gearóid Iarla: Bás agus Béaloideas 149 4.3 Teangacha na nGearaltach sa Tréimhse Luath 152 4.3.1 Béarla, Laidin agus Gaeilge 152 4.3.2 Na hIarlaí Luatha agus an Fhraincis 157 4.4 Filíocht Ghearóid Iarla 164 4.4.1 An Duanaire agus Gearóid mar Fhile 164 4.4.2 Tionchar Fhilíocht na Fraince agus na hÉireann ar Ghearóid Iarla 175 Caibidil 5 Gofraidh Fionn Ó Dálaigh 180 5.1 Réamhrá 180 5.2 Bunús agus Óige Ghofraidh Fhinn 180 5.2.1 Gofraidh Fionn agus Madh fiafraidheach budh feasach 180 5.2.2 Óige agus Oiliúint Ghofraidh 185 5.3 Pátrúin Ghofraidh 191 5.4 Gofraidh agus na Gearaltaigh 198 5.4.1 Gofraidh mar Fhile na nGearaltach 198 5.4.2 A Ghearóid déana mo dháil 199 5.4.3 Mór ar bfearg riot, a rí Saxan 204 5.4.4 Iongaibh thú orm, a Iarla 208 Caibidil 6 Na Gearaltaigh, na Teaghlaigh Léannta, agus Pátrúnacht sa Chúigiú agus sa Séú hAois Déag 211 6.1 Réamhrá 211 6.2 Na Gearaltaigh agus na Teaghlaigh Léannta 211 6.2.1 Teaghlaigh Léannta ar Thailte na nIarlaí, 1584 211 6.2.2 Na Gearaltaigh agus Muintir Dhálaigh sa Chúigiú hAois Déag 214 6.2.3 Muintir Dhálaigh mar Thaidhleoirí 219 6.2.4 Cúchonnacht, Conchobhar na Scoile, agus an tAth. Domhnall Ó Dálaigh 224 6.2.5 Donnchadh an tSneachta Mac Craith 236 6.2.6 Liaigh mo thuirse tásg mo ríogh 240 6.2.7 Muintir Ifearnáin agus Clann Bhruaideadha 243 6.2.8 Filí Gearaltacha agus Tagairtí do Theaghlaigh Léannta Eile ag Deireadh na 16ú hAoise 253 6.3 Na Gearaltaigh agus Clann Uí Mhaoil Chonaire 255 iv 6.3.1 Clann Uí Mhaoil Chonaire 255 6.3.2 Na Gearaltaigh agus Idirphósadh leis na Buitléaraigh 1468-1614 257 6.3.3 Clann Uí Mhaoil Chonaire, na Gearaltaigh, agus na Buitléaraigh 1468-1600 258 6.3.4 Na Gearaltaigh, Laud Misc. 610, agus Clann Uí Mhaoil Chonaire 261 6.4 Séamus mac Ghearóid Iarla, Tomás an Droichid, agus an Léann sa Chúigiú hAois Déag 269 6.4.1 Séamus mac Ghearóid Iarla agus an tAos Léinn 269 6.4.2 Tomás an Droichid agus a Chlann mar Phátrúin 274 6.4.3 Seán ‘Mac an Iarla’ (†1536) 276 Conclúid 278 Aguisíní 285 Aguisín 1 Craobhacha Ginealaigh na nGearaltach 286 Aguisín 2 Seanchas na nGearaltach (3) 291 Aguisín 3 Canfaidher liom lorg na bhfear 309 Aguisín 4 Muiris Ó Gormáin - ‘Dhá bliaghain 7 dá fhichid’ 342 Aguisín 5 ‘Instructions for the Earl of Desmond’ (1584) 343 Lámhscríbhinní 349 Leabharliosta 352 v Buíochas Buíochas ó chroí leis an Dr Clodagh Downey agus leis an Dr Nollaig Ó Muraíle, as a gcomhairle, a dtacaíocht, a bhflaithiúlacht agus a bhfoighne. Táim go mór fé chomaoin acu as ucht a gcuid moltaí agus a gcuid eolais a roinnt liom go fial flaithiúil le blianta beaga anuas. Táim thar a bheith buíoch díobh freisin as fadhbanna agus ceisteanna a phlé liom, as tagairtí agus foinsí a sholáthar dom, as a gcuid ama a roinnt go fial liom agus as a bheith i gcónaí ar fáil leis an tráchtas a phlé. Mo bhuíochas freisin leis an Dr Graham Isaac agus an Ollamh Gearóid Denvir, a bhí ar mo choiste taighde, agus a roinn a gcuid ama agus a gcomhairle liom. Táim fé chomaoin mhór freisin ag an Ollamh Máire Ní Mhaonaigh agus an Dr Pádraig Lenihan as a gcabhair agus a gcomhairle. Ba mhaith liom buíochas a ghabháil le mo mhuintir, go háirithe le mo thuismitheoirí, a thug gach cabhair agus tacaíocht dom agus mé i mbun taighde. Táim an-bhuíoch díobh as na leabhair a cheannaíodar dom agus as ábhar an tráchtais a phlé liom. Go háirithe, táim thar a bheith buíoch díobh as tacaíocht agus uchtach a thabhairt dom gan stad. Táim fé chomaoin mhór freisin ag an Dr Eamon Darcy, céile mo dheirféar, a thug tacaíocht agus dea-chomhairle dom go minic. Táim thar a bheith buíoch freisin d’Eoin, d’Úna, de Chlíona (agus d’Aoife), as misneach, cabhair agus spreagadh a thabhairt dom agus an tráchtas á scríobh. Mo bhuíochas freisin leis an Ollamh Próinséas Ní Chatháin, a thug an-chabhair dom agus, go háirithe, as na dánta agus foinsí eile a phlé liom. Fuaireas tacaíocht agus eolas ó scoláirí éagsúla agus mé i mbun taighde, idir ábhar neamh-fhoilsithe agus foilsithe a sholáthraíodar dom, ceisteanna a phléadar liom agus fadhbanna a réitíodar dom. Luaitear cuid de na daoine seo i bhfonótaí sa tráchtas féin, ach ba mhaith liom mo bhuíochas a ghabháil go sonrach leis an Dr Peter Crooks, an Dr Katharine Simms, an Ollamh Seán Ó Coileán, an Dr David Edwards, an Dr Joseph Flahive, Julian Walton, an Dr Dagmar Ó Riain-Raedel, an Dr Cornelius Buttimer, an Dr Breandán Ó Cíobháin agus an tOllamh Máirín Nic Dhonnchadha. Táim thar a vi bheith buíoch de Kenneth Nicholls, a bhí i gcónaí sásta ceisteanna fén tráchtas, fé ghinealaigh agus fé fhoinsí éagsúla a phlé liom. Mar aon leis na scoláirí seo, táim thar a bheith buíoch de Sir Adrian FitzGerald, Ridire Chiarraí, de na Ranna Gaeilge agus Staire in Ollscoil na hÉireann Gaillimh agus go háirithe de rúnaí Roinn na Gaeilge, Fiona de Paor. Táim go mór fé chomaoin ag foirne na leabharlann i gColáiste na hOllscoile Corcaigh agus in Ollscoil na hÉireann, Gaillimh.
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